408 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
408 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
<h1 align="center">
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io">
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<picture>
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<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/docs/assets/cover_dark.svg?sanitize=true">
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<img alt="Scrapling Poster" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/docs/assets/cover_light.svg?sanitize=true">
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</picture>
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</a>
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<br>
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<small>Effortless Web Scraping for the Modern Web</small>
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</h1>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/actions/workflows/tests.yml" alt="Tests">
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<img alt="Tests" src="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://badge.fury.io/py/Scrapling" alt="PyPI version">
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<img alt="PyPI version" src="https://badge.fury.io/py/Scrapling.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://pepy.tech/project/scrapling" alt="PyPI Downloads">
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<img alt="PyPI Downloads" src="https://static.pepy.tech/personalized-badge/scrapling?period=total&units=INTERNATIONAL_SYSTEM&left_color=GREY&right_color=GREEN&left_text=Downloads"></a>
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<br/>
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<a href="https://discord.gg/EMgGbDceNQ" alt="Discord" target="_blank">
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<img alt="Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/discord/1360786381042880532?style=social&logo=discord&link=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FEMgGbDceNQ">
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</a>
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<a href="https://x.com/Scrapling_dev" alt="X (formerly Twitter)">
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<img alt="X (formerly Twitter) Follow" src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/Scrapling_dev?style=social&logo=x&link=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FScrapling_dev">
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</a>
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<br/>
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<a href="https://pypi.org/project/scrapling/" alt="Supported Python versions">
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<img alt="Supported Python versions" src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/scrapling.svg"></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/parsing/selection/"><strong>选择方法</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fetching/choosing/"><strong>选择Fetcher</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cli/overview/"><strong>CLI</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ai/mcp-server/"><strong>MCP模式</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/migrating_from_beautifulsoup/"><strong>从Beautifulsoup迁移</strong></a>
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</p>
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Scrapling是一个自适应Web Scraping框架,能处理从单个请求到大规模爬取的一切需求。
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它的解析器能够从网站变化中学习,并在页面更新时自动重新定位您的元素。它的Fetcher能够开箱即用地绕过Cloudflare Turnstile等反机器人系统。它的Spider框架让您可以扩展到并发、多Session爬取,支持暂停/恢复和自动Proxy轮换——只需几行Python代码。一个库,零妥协。
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极速爬取,实时统计和Streaming。由Web Scraper为Web Scraper和普通用户而构建,每个人都能找到适合自己的功能。
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```python
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from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher, AsyncFetcher, StealthyFetcher, DynamicFetcher
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StealthyFetcher.adaptive = True
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page = StealthyFetcher.fetch('https://example.com', headless=True, network_idle=True) # 隐秘地获取网站!
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products = page.css('.product', auto_save=True) # 抓取在网站设计变更后仍能存活的数据!
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products = page.css('.product', adaptive=True) # 之后,如果网站结构改变,传递 `adaptive=True` 来找到它们!
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```
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或扩展为完整爬取
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```python
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from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Response
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class MySpider(Spider):
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name = "demo"
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start_urls = ["https://example.com/"]
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async def parse(self, response: Response):
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for item in response.css('.product'):
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yield {"title": item.css('h2::text').get()}
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MySpider().start()
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```
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# 赞助商
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<!-- sponsors -->
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<a href="https://www.scrapeless.com/en?utm_source=official&utm_term=scrapling" target="_blank" title="Effortless Web Scraping Toolkit for Business and Developers"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/scrapeless.jpg"></a>
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<a href="https://www.thordata.com/?ls=github&lk=github" target="_blank" title="Unblockable proxies and scraping infrastructure, delivering real-time, reliable web data to power AI models and workflows."><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/thordata.jpg"></a>
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<a href="https://evomi.com?utm_source=github&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=d4vinci-scrapling" target="_blank" title="Evomi is your Swiss Quality Proxy Provider, starting at $0.49/GB"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/evomi.png"></a>
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<a href="https://serpapi.com/?utm_source=scrapling" target="_blank" title="Scrape Google and other search engines with SerpApi"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/SerpApi.png"></a>
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<a href="https://visit.decodo.com/Dy6W0b" target="_blank" title="Try the Most Efficient Residential Proxies for Free"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/decodo.png"></a>
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<a href="https://petrosky.io/d4vinci" target="_blank" title="PetroSky delivers cutting-edge VPS hosting."><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/petrosky.png"></a>
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<a href="https://hasdata.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=D4Vinci" target="_blank" title="The web scraping service that actually beats anti-bot systems!"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/hasdata.png"></a>
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<a href="https://hypersolutions.co/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=scrapling" target="_blank" title="Bot Protection Bypass API for Akamai, DataDome, Incapsula & Kasada"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/HyperSolutions.png"></a>
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<a href="https://www.swiftproxy.net/" target="_blank" title="Unlock Reliable Proxy Services with Swiftproxy!"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/swiftproxy.png"></a>
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<a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=d4v" target="_blank" title="Affordable Access to the Proxy World – bypass CAPTCHAs blocks, and avoid additional costs."><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/rapidproxy.jpg"></a>
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<a href="https://browser.cash/?utm_source=D4Vinci&utm_medium=referral" target="_blank" title="Browser Automation & AI Browser Agent Platform"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/browserCash.png"></a>
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<!-- /sponsors -->
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<i><sub>想在这里展示您的广告吗?点击[这里](https://github.com/sponsors/D4Vinci)并选择适合您的级别!</sub></i>
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---
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## 主要特性
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### Spider — 完整的爬取框架
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- 🕷️ **类Scrapy的Spider API**:使用`start_urls`、async `parse` callback和`Request`/`Response`对象定义Spider。
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- ⚡ **并发爬取**:可配置的并发限制、按域名节流和下载延迟。
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- 🔄 **多Session支持**:统一接口,支持HTTP请求和隐秘无头浏览器在同一个Spider中使用——通过ID将请求路由到不同的Session。
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- 💾 **暂停与恢复**:基于Checkpoint的爬取持久化。按Ctrl+C优雅关闭;重启后从上次停止的地方继续。
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- 📡 **Streaming模式**:通过`async for item in spider.stream()`以实时统计Streaming抓取的数据——非常适合UI、管道和长时间运行的爬取。
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- 🛡️ **被阻止请求检测**:自动检测并重试被阻止的请求,支持自定义逻辑。
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- 📦 **内置导出**:通过钩子和您自己的管道导出结果,或使用内置的JSON/JSONL,分别通过`result.items.to_json()`/`result.items.to_jsonl()`。
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### 支持Session的高级网站获取
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- **HTTP请求**:使用`Fetcher`类进行快速和隐秘的HTTP请求。可以模拟浏览器的TLS fingerprint、标头并使用HTTP/3。
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- **动态加载**:通过`DynamicFetcher`类使用完整的浏览器自动化获取动态网站,支持Playwright的Chromium和Google Chrome。
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- **反机器人绕过**:使用`StealthyFetcher`的高级隐秘功能和fingerprint伪装。可以轻松自动绕过所有类型的Cloudflare Turnstile/Interstitial。
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- **Session管理**:使用`FetcherSession`、`StealthySession`和`DynamicSession`类实现持久化Session支持,用于跨请求的cookie和状态管理。
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- **Proxy轮换**:内置`ProxyRotator`,支持轮询或自定义策略,适用于所有Session类型,并支持按请求覆盖Proxy。
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- **域名屏蔽**:在基于浏览器的Fetcher中屏蔽对特定域名(及其子域名)的请求。
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- **Async支持**:所有Fetcher和专用async Session类的完整async支持。
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### 自适应抓取和AI集成
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- 🔄 **智能元素跟踪**:使用智能相似性算法在网站更改后重新定位元素。
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- 🎯 **智能灵活选择**:CSS选择器、XPath选择器、基于过滤器的搜索、文本搜索、正则表达式搜索等。
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- 🔍 **查找相似元素**:自动定位与已找到元素相似的元素。
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- 🤖 **与AI一起使用的MCP服务器**:内置MCP服务器用于AI辅助Web Scraping和数据提取。MCP服务器具有强大的自定义功能,利用Scrapling在将内容传递给AI(Claude/Cursor等)之前提取目标内容,从而加快操作并通过最小化token使用来降低成本。([演示视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyFk3ZNwOxE))
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### 高性能和经过实战测试的架构
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- 🚀 **闪电般快速**:优化性能超越大多数Python抓取库。
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- 🔋 **内存高效**:优化的数据结构和延迟加载,最小内存占用。
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- ⚡ **快速JSON序列化**:比标准库快10倍。
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- 🏗️ **经过实战测试**:Scrapling不仅拥有92%的测试覆盖率和完整的类型提示覆盖率,而且在过去一年中每天被数百名Web Scraper使用。
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### 对开发者/Web Scraper友好的体验
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- 🎯 **交互式Web Scraping Shell**:可选的内置IPython Shell,具有Scrapling集成、快捷方式和新工具,可加快Web Scraping脚本开发,例如将curl请求转换为Scrapling请求并在浏览器中查看请求结果。
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- 🚀 **直接从终端使用**:可选地,您可以使用Scrapling抓取URL而无需编写任何代码!
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- 🛠️ **丰富的导航API**:使用父级、兄弟级和子级导航方法进行高级DOM遍历。
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- 🧬 **增强的文本处理**:内置正则表达式、清理方法和优化的字符串操作。
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- 📝 **自动选择器生成**:为任何元素生成强大的CSS/XPath选择器。
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- 🔌 **熟悉的API**:类似于Scrapy/BeautifulSoup,使用与Scrapy/Parsel相同的伪元素。
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- 📘 **完整的类型覆盖**:完整的类型提示,出色的IDE支持和代码补全。整个代码库在每次更改时都会自动使用**PyRight**和**MyPy**扫描。
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- 🔋 **现成的Docker镜像**:每次发布时,包含所有浏览器的Docker镜像会自动构建和推送。
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## 入门
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让我们快速展示Scrapling的功能,无需深入了解。
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### 基本用法
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支持Session的HTTP请求
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```python
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from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher, FetcherSession
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with FetcherSession(impersonate='chrome') as session: # 使用Chrome的最新版本TLS fingerprint
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page = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', stealthy_headers=True)
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quotes = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
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# 或使用一次性请求
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page = Fetcher.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
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quotes = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
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```
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高级隐秘模式
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```python
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from scrapling.fetchers import StealthyFetcher, StealthySession
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with StealthySession(headless=True, solve_cloudflare=True) as session: # 保持浏览器打开直到完成
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page = session.fetch('https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare', google_search=False)
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data = page.css('#padded_content a').getall()
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# 或使用一次性请求样式,为此请求打开浏览器,完成后关闭
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page = StealthyFetcher.fetch('https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare')
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data = page.css('#padded_content a').getall()
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```
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完整的浏览器自动化
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```python
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from scrapling.fetchers import DynamicFetcher, DynamicSession
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with DynamicSession(headless=True, disable_resources=False, network_idle=True) as session: # 保持浏览器打开直到完成
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page = session.fetch('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', load_dom=False)
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data = page.xpath('//span[@class="text"]/text()').getall() # 如果您偏好XPath选择器
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# 或使用一次性请求样式,为此请求打开浏览器,完成后关闭
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page = DynamicFetcher.fetch('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
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data = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
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```
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### Spider
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构建具有并发请求、多种Session类型和暂停/恢复功能的完整爬虫:
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```python
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from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Request, Response
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class QuotesSpider(Spider):
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name = "quotes"
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start_urls = ["https://quotes.toscrape.com/"]
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concurrent_requests = 10
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async def parse(self, response: Response):
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for quote in response.css('.quote'):
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yield {
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"text": quote.css('.text::text').get(),
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"author": quote.css('.author::text').get(),
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}
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next_page = response.css('.next a')
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if next_page:
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yield response.follow(next_page[0].attrib['href'])
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result = QuotesSpider().start()
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print(f"抓取了 {len(result.items)} 条引用")
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result.items.to_json("quotes.json")
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```
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在单个Spider中使用多种Session类型:
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```python
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from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Request, Response
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from scrapling.fetchers import FetcherSession, AsyncStealthySession
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class MultiSessionSpider(Spider):
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name = "multi"
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start_urls = ["https://example.com/"]
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def configure_sessions(self, manager):
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manager.add("fast", FetcherSession(impersonate="chrome"))
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manager.add("stealth", AsyncStealthySession(headless=True), lazy=True)
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async def parse(self, response: Response):
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for link in response.css('a::attr(href)').getall():
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# 将受保护的页面路由到隐秘Session
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if "protected" in link:
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yield Request(link, sid="stealth")
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else:
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yield Request(link, sid="fast", callback=self.parse) # 显式callback
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```
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通过如下方式运行Spider来暂停和恢复长时间爬取,使用Checkpoint:
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```python
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QuotesSpider(crawldir="./crawl_data").start()
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```
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按Ctrl+C优雅暂停——进度会自动保存。之后,当您再次启动Spider时,传递相同的`crawldir`,它将从上次停止的地方继续。
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### 高级解析与导航
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```python
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from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher
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# 丰富的元素选择和导航
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page = Fetcher.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
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# 使用多种选择方法获取引用
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quotes = page.css('.quote') # CSS选择器
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quotes = page.xpath('//div[@class="quote"]') # XPath
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quotes = page.find_all('div', {'class': 'quote'}) # BeautifulSoup风格
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# 等同于
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quotes = page.find_all('div', class_='quote')
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quotes = page.find_all(['div'], class_='quote')
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quotes = page.find_all(class_='quote') # 等等...
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# 按文本内容查找元素
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quotes = page.find_by_text('quote', tag='div')
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# 高级导航
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quote_text = page.css('.quote')[0].css('.text::text').get()
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quote_text = page.css('.quote').css('.text::text').getall() # 链式选择器
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first_quote = page.css('.quote')[0]
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author = first_quote.next_sibling.css('.author::text')
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parent_container = first_quote.parent
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# 元素关系和相似性
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similar_elements = first_quote.find_similar()
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below_elements = first_quote.below_elements()
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```
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如果您不想获取网站,可以直接使用解析器,如下所示:
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```python
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from scrapling.parser import Selector
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page = Selector("<html>...</html>")
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```
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用法完全相同!
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### Async Session管理示例
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```python
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import asyncio
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from scrapling.fetchers import FetcherSession, AsyncStealthySession, AsyncDynamicSession
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async with FetcherSession(http3=True) as session: # `FetcherSession`是上下文感知的,可以在sync/async模式下工作
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page1 = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
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page2 = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', impersonate='firefox135')
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# Async Session用法
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async with AsyncStealthySession(max_pages=2) as session:
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tasks = []
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urls = ['https://example.com/page1', 'https://example.com/page2']
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for url in urls:
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task = session.fetch(url)
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tasks.append(task)
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print(session.get_pool_stats()) # 可选 - 浏览器标签池的状态(忙/空闲/错误)
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results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
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print(session.get_pool_stats())
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```
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## CLI和交互式Shell
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Scrapling包含强大的命令行界面:
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[](https://asciinema.org/a/736339)
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启动交互式Web Scraping Shell
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```bash
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scrapling shell
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```
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||
直接将页面提取到文件而无需编程(默认提取`body`标签内的内容)。如果输出文件以`.txt`结尾,则将提取目标的文本内容。如果以`.md`结尾,它将是HTML内容的Markdown表示;如果以`.html`结尾,它将是HTML内容本身。
|
||
```bash
|
||
scrapling extract get 'https://example.com' content.md
|
||
scrapling extract get 'https://example.com' content.txt --css-selector '#fromSkipToProducts' --impersonate 'chrome' # 所有匹配CSS选择器'#fromSkipToProducts'的元素
|
||
scrapling extract fetch 'https://example.com' content.md --css-selector '#fromSkipToProducts' --no-headless
|
||
scrapling extract stealthy-fetch 'https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare' captchas.html --css-selector '#padded_content a' --solve-cloudflare
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> [!NOTE]
|
||
> 还有许多其他功能,但我们希望保持此页面简洁,包括MCP服务器和交互式Web Scraping Shell。查看完整文档[这里](https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
|
||
|
||
## 性能基准
|
||
|
||
Scrapling不仅功能强大——它还速度极快。以下基准测试将Scrapling的解析器与其他流行库的最新版本进行了比较。
|
||
|
||
### 文本提取速度测试(5000个嵌套元素)
|
||
|
||
| # | 库 | 时间(ms) | vs Scrapling |
|
||
|---|:-----------------:|:---------:|:------------:|
|
||
| 1 | Scrapling | 2.02 | 1.0x |
|
||
| 2 | Parsel/Scrapy | 2.04 | 1.01 |
|
||
| 3 | Raw Lxml | 2.54 | 1.257 |
|
||
| 4 | PyQuery | 24.17 | ~12x |
|
||
| 5 | Selectolax | 82.63 | ~41x |
|
||
| 6 | MechanicalSoup | 1549.71 | ~767.1x |
|
||
| 7 | BS4 with Lxml | 1584.31 | ~784.3x |
|
||
| 8 | BS4 with html5lib | 3391.91 | ~1679.1x |
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 元素相似性和文本搜索性能
|
||
|
||
Scrapling的自适应元素查找功能明显优于替代方案:
|
||
|
||
| 库 | 时间(ms) | vs Scrapling |
|
||
|-------------|:---------:|:------------:|
|
||
| Scrapling | 2.39 | 1.0x |
|
||
| AutoScraper | 12.45 | 5.209x |
|
||
|
||
|
||
> 所有基准测试代表100+次运行的平均值。请参阅[benchmarks.py](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/benchmarks.py)了解方法。
|
||
|
||
## 安装
|
||
|
||
Scrapling需要Python 3.10或更高版本:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install scrapling
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
此安装仅包括解析器引擎及其依赖项,没有任何Fetcher或命令行依赖项。
|
||
|
||
### 可选依赖项
|
||
|
||
1. 如果您要使用以下任何额外功能、Fetcher或它们的类,您将需要安装Fetcher的依赖项和它们的浏览器依赖项,如下所示:
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[fetchers]"
|
||
|
||
scrapling install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
这会下载所有浏览器,以及它们的系统依赖项和fingerprint操作依赖项。
|
||
|
||
2. 额外功能:
|
||
- 安装MCP服务器功能:
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[ai]"
|
||
```
|
||
- 安装Shell功能(Web Scraping Shell和`extract`命令):
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[shell]"
|
||
```
|
||
- 安装所有内容:
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[all]"
|
||
```
|
||
请记住,在安装任何这些额外功能后(如果您还没有安装),您需要使用`scrapling install`安装浏览器依赖项
|
||
|
||
### Docker
|
||
您还可以使用以下命令从DockerHub安装包含所有额外功能和浏览器的Docker镜像:
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker pull pyd4vinci/scrapling
|
||
```
|
||
或从GitHub注册表下载:
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker pull ghcr.io/d4vinci/scrapling:latest
|
||
```
|
||
此镜像使用GitHub Actions和仓库主分支自动构建和推送。
|
||
|
||
## 贡献
|
||
|
||
我们欢迎贡献!在开始之前,请阅读我们的[贡献指南](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)。
|
||
|
||
## 免责声明
|
||
|
||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||
> 此库仅用于教育和研究目的。使用此库即表示您同意遵守本地和国际数据抓取和隐私法律。作者和贡献者对本软件的任何滥用不承担责任。始终尊重网站的服务条款和robots.txt文件。
|
||
|
||
## 许可证
|
||
|
||
本作品根据BSD-3-Clause许可证授权。
|
||
|
||
## 致谢
|
||
|
||
此项目包含改编自以下内容的代码:
|
||
- Parsel(BSD许可证)——用于[translator](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/scrapling/core/translator.py)子模块
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
<div align="center"><small>由Karim Shoair用❤️设计和制作。</small></div><br>
|