chore: 初始化项目与后端基础工程

backend/app/core/config.py

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+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic import field_validator
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_file=".env",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=False,
+        extra="ignore",
+    )
+
+    app_name: str = "财务 AI 助手 API"
+    app_version: str = "1.0.0"
+    debug: bool = True
+    secret_key: str = "change-me-in-production"
+    allowed_origins: list[str] = ["http://localhost:3000"]
+
+    database_url: str = "postgresql+asyncpg://s2f_user:s2f_password@localhost:5432/s2f_db"
+
+    jwt_secret_key: str = "change-me-in-production"
+    jwt_algorithm: str = "HS256"
+    jwt_access_token_expire_minutes: int = 60
+
+    openai_api_key: str = ""
+    openai_model: str = "gpt-4-turbo-preview"
+    zhipu_api_key: str = ""
+    ai_provider: str = "zhipu"
+    ai_api_key: str = ""
+
+    upload_dir: str = "./uploads"
+    max_upload_size: int = 10_485_760
+
+    log_level: str = "INFO"
+
+    @field_validator("allowed_origins", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_allowed_origins(cls, value: Any) -> list[str]:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return [origin.strip() for origin in value.split(",") if origin.strip()]
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            return value
+        return ["http://localhost:3000"]
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_settings() -> Settings:
+    return Settings()

backend/app/core/logging.py

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+import logging
+
+import structlog
+
+
+def configure_logging(log_level: str = "INFO") -> None:
+    level = getattr(logging, log_level.upper(), logging.INFO)
+
+    structlog.configure(
+        processors=[
+            structlog.processors.TimeStamper(fmt="iso"),
+            structlog.processors.add_log_level,
+            structlog.processors.JSONRenderer(ensure_ascii=False),
+        ],
+        wrapper_class=structlog.make_filtering_bound_logger(level),
+        cache_logger_on_first_use=True,
+    )

backend/app/main.py

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+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+from app.core.config import get_settings
+from app.core.logging import configure_logging
+
+settings = get_settings()
+configure_logging(settings.log_level)
+
+app = FastAPI(
+    title=settings.app_name,
+    version=settings.app_version,
+    debug=settings.debug,
+)
+
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=settings.allowed_origins,
+    allow_credentials=True,
+    allow_methods=["*"],
+    allow_headers=["*"],
+)
+
+
+@app.get("/api/health", tags=["health"])
+async def health_check() -> dict[str, str]:
+    return {
+        "status": "ok",
+        "service": settings.app_name,
+        "version": settings.app_version,
+    }