diff --git a/backend/src/services/risk.service.ts b/backend/src/services/risk.service.ts
index 6033fc0..1db0ab4 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/risk.service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/risk.service.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const SOCIAL_AVG_SALARY_3X = 36921
 function estimateRiskCost(
   risk: { type: RiskType; level: RiskLevel; title: string; description: string },
   employee?: { hireDate: Date; monthlySalary?: string } | null,
-): { estimatedLoss: number; lossRange: [number, number]; deadline?: Date } {
+): { estimatedLoss: number; lossRange: [number, number]; deadline?: Date; lossReason?: string } {
   const today = new Date()
   const rawSalary = employee ? safeDecryptSalary(employee.monthlySalary || '0') : 0
   // 第47条：高收入者月薪封顶为社平3倍
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: loss,
       lossRange: [loss * 0.5, loss],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + 7 * 86400000), // 7天内处理
+      lossReason: `《劳动合同法》第82条：未签书面合同，每月支付2倍工资。${months}个月×月薪${salary.toFixed(0)}元`,
     }
   }
 
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: loss,
       lossRange: [loss, loss * 2], // 可能被认定为违法解除 2N
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + 3 * 86400000), // 3天内处理
+      lossReason: `《劳动合同法》第47条：经济补偿N×月薪。N=${n}个月×月薪${salary.toFixed(0)}元，违法解除可能2N`,
     }
   }
 
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: 0,
       lossRange: [0, salary * n],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + days * 86400000),
+      lossReason: `到期未续签可能需支付经济补偿，最高N=${n}个月×月薪${salary.toFixed(0)}元`,
     }
   }
 
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: loss,
       lossRange: [loss, loss * 3],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + 14 * 86400000), // 14天内处理
+      lossReason: `试用期工资差额约20%：月薪${salary.toFixed(0)}元×20%`,
     }
   }
 
@@ -100,6 +104,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: loss,
       lossRange: [loss, loss * 2],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + 1 * 86400000), // 1天内处理
+      lossReason: `《劳动合同法》第87条：违法解除按2N赔偿。2N=${(n * 2).toFixed(1)}个月×月薪${salary.toFixed(0)}元`,
     }
   }
 
@@ -109,6 +114,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: 500,
       lossRange: [100, 2000],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + 3 * 86400000),
+      lossReason: '逾期缴纳社保/公积金将产生滞纳金，每日万分之五',
     }
   }
 
@@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: 1000,
       lossRange: [500, 5000],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + 1 * 86400000),
+      lossReason: '逾期发放工资/申报个税可能面临行政处罚及赔偿，《劳动法》第91条',
     }
   }
 
@@ -128,6 +135,7 @@ function estimateRiskCost(
       estimatedLoss: days > 0 ? salary * (days / 30) : salary,
       lossRange: [500, salary * 6],
       deadline: new Date(today.getTime() + (days > 0 ? days : 7) * 86400000),
+      lossReason: `未及时办理退休可能导致多缴社保公积金，约${(days / 30).toFixed(1)}个月×月薪${salary.toFixed(0)}元`,
     }
   }
 
@@ -916,6 +924,8 @@ export async function getDashboardData(orgId: string) {
     const estimatedLoss = r.estimatedLoss || 0
     const priority = calcPriority(r.level, estimatedLoss, r.deadline || undefined)
     const daysUntilDeadline = r.deadline ? daysBetween(r.deadline, new Date()) : null
+    // 动态计算损失理由
+    const costInfo = estimateRiskCost({ type: r.type, level: r.level, title: r.title, description: r.description }, null)
     return {
       id: r.id,
       type: r.type as 'CONTRACT' | 'SALARY' | 'TERMINATION' | 'MONTHLY' | 'ONBOARDING' | 'RETIREMENT',
@@ -926,6 +936,7 @@ export async function getDashboardData(orgId: string) {
       actionUrl: r.actionUrl || '/',
       estimatedLoss,
       lossRange: r.lossRange as [number, number] | null,
+      lossReason: costInfo.lossReason || null,
       deadline: r.deadline?.toISOString().slice(0, 10) || null,
       daysUntilDeadline,
       employeeName: r.employee?.name || null,
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx
index 0a67df8..6baa76f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx
@@ -1193,6 +1193,9 @@ export default function Dashboard() {
                               )}
                             </div>
                             <span className="text-xs text-gray-500 flex items-center gap-1"><Clock className="w-3 h-3" />{todo.description}</span>
+                            {todo.estimatedLoss > 0 && todo.lossReason && (
+                              <span className="text-[11px] text-gray-400">{todo.lossReason}</span>
+                            )}
                           </div>
                         </Link>
                       ) : (
@@ -1220,6 +1223,9 @@ export default function Dashboard() {
                               )}
                             </div>
                             <span className="text-xs text-gray-500 flex items-center gap-1"><Clock className="w-3 h-3" />{todo.description}</span>
+                            {todo.estimatedLoss > 0 && todo.lossReason && (
+                              <span className="text-[11px] text-gray-400">{todo.lossReason}</span>
+                            )}
                           </div>
                         </div>
                       )}