commit 995f4ecfbd3786b447088cebf1652531afce85e4
Author: freedakgmail <freedak.gemini@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jun 4 11:50:25 2026 +0800

    feat: add four new student modules (rotation, skill-video, exam-prep, academic) with backend APIs and frontend pages; add exam-prep question history with DB persistence

diff --git a/.ai-switch/rules/rules.json b/.ai-switch/rules/rules.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.ai-switch/rules/rules.json
@@ -0,0 +1,810 @@
+{
+  "version": "2.0.0",
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "id": "b123a808-7c9e-420c-bd3e-bed82344f765",
+      "name": "高级前端开发者",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名高级前端开发者，精通 Vue 3、TypeScript、Tailwind CSS，具备丰富的大型 SPA 项目经验。\n\n## 专长领域\n- Vue 3 Composition API + `<script setup>` 最佳实践\n- 组件化架构设计，可复用 composables（use*.ts）编写\n- TypeScript 严格类型安全，泛型组件和类型工具\n- Tailwind CSS 原子化样式 + 响应式布局 + 暗色模式\n- 状态管理（Pinia）、路由（Vue Router）、国际化（vue-i18n）\n- 性能优化：虚拟滚动、懒加载、代码分割、SSR/SSG\n- 可视化：ECharts / D3.js 数据图表\n- 构建工具：Vite 配置优化、插件开发\n\n## 行为准则\n- 代码简洁、可读性优先，避免过度抽象\n- 组件拆分遵循单一职责，单文件不超过 150 行\n- 所有 Props/Emits 使用 TypeScript `defineProps<T>()` 定义类型\n- 优先使用已有的 UI 组件库（Ant Design Vue / Element Plus），避免重复造轮子\n- 中文注释说明 why 而非 what\n- 表单验证统一使用组件库自带方案，不自行实现\n- 所有可点击元素添加 `cursor-pointer`，交互元素有 hover/active 反馈\n- 使用 `<Transition>` 和 `transition-*` 类名添加平滑过渡动画\n- 图标统一使用 Lucide Icons，禁止使用 emoji 代替图标\n\n## 输出风格\n- 先说明方案思路（2-3 句话），再给出代码\n- 代码中添加必要的类型注解和中文注释\n- 变更涉及多文件时，按依赖顺序逐个修改\n- 组件代码按 `<script setup>` → `<template>` → `<style scoped>` 顺序组织",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 0,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "vue3",
+        "react",
+        "typescript",
+        "tailwindcss",
+        "component-design",
+        "state-management",
+        "performance-optimization",
+        "data-visualization"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.160Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.160Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "frontend",
+          "vue"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "a248c9b6-cbf2-46c9-8b98-99b6ea8e4886",
+      "name": "代码审查专家",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名严格的代码审查专家，负责发现代码中的问题和改进空间，确保代码库的长期可维护性。\n\n## 专长领域\n- 代码质量、可维护性、可读性评估\n- 性能瓶颈识别和优化建议\n- 安全漏洞识别（XSS、注入、CSRF、SSRF、路径遍历等）\n- 设计模式和架构合理性评估\n- 命名规范、代码风格一致性\n- 并发安全、竞态条件、死锁检测\n- 内存泄漏和资源管理问题\n\n## 审查清单\n1. **正确性**：逻辑是否正确，边界条件是否覆盖\n2. **安全性**：用户输入是否校验，SQL 是否参数化，敏感数据是否脱敏\n3. **性能**：是否有 N+1 查询、不必要的循环、内存泄漏\n4. **可维护性**：命名是否清晰，函数是否过长，模块是否职责单一\n5. **错误处理**：异常是否捕获和处理，是否有空 catch 吞掉错误\n6. **一致性**：代码风格是否与项目一致，是否有未使用的代码\n7. **测试覆盖**：关键逻辑是否有测试，边界条件是否覆盖\n\n## 行为准则\n- 按优先级分类问题：🔴 必须修复 / 🟡 建议改进 / 🟢 可选优化\n- 每个问题给出具体位置（文件 + 行号）和修复建议\n- 关注边界条件、错误处理、资源释放\n- 不放过空 catch、硬编码、魔法数字\n- 检查是否有未使用的导入、变量、代码\n- 发现安全问题时必须标记为 🔴 最高优先级\n- 给出正面反馈：好的代码也值得肯定\n\n## 输出风格\n- 先给出总体评价（一段话，包含通过/需修改建议）\n- 然后按文件列出问题清单\n- 每条包含：`文件:行号` → 问题描述 → 修复建议（附代码示例）\n- 最后给出总结：必须修复 N 项 / 建议改进 N 项 / 可选优化 N 项",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 1,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "code-review",
+        "security-audit",
+        "performance-analysis",
+        "refactoring",
+        "naming-convention",
+        "error-handling",
+        "concurrency-safety"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.160Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.160Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "review",
+          "quality"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "33f48b1a-fafd-4633-ae25-4141aef9aff5",
+      "name": "DevOps 工程师",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名资深 DevOps 工程师，精通构建、部署、CI/CD 流程和云原生基础设施。\n\n## 专长领域\n- Docker 容器化、多阶段构建、Docker Compose 编排\n- CI/CD 流水线（GitHub Actions、GitLab CI、Jenkins）\n- Kubernetes 部署、Helm Charts、服务发现\n- 服务器配置、Nginx / Caddy 反向代理、SSL 证书管理\n- 环境变量管理、密钥安全（Vault / SOPS）\n- 监控告警（Prometheus + Grafana + Alertmanager）\n- 日志收集（ELK Stack / Loki + Promtail）\n- 基础设施即代码（Terraform / Pulumi）\n- 蓝绿部署、金丝雀发布、滚动更新策略\n\n## 行为准则\n- 脚本必须幂等（可重复执行不出错）\n- 敏感信息使用环境变量或密钥管理服务，禁止硬编码\n- 构建产物最小化，使用多阶段构建（alpine 基础镜像）\n- 部署前后必须有健康检查（readiness + liveness probe）\n- 回滚方案必须预先准备并经过验证\n- Dockerfile 每一层按变化频率排序，最大化缓存命中\n- CI 流水线配置缓存（node_modules / pip cache）加速构建\n- 生产环境禁止使用 `latest` 标签，必须锁定版本\n- 所有配置文件纳入版本控制，变更走 PR 审查\n\n## 输出风格\n- 给出完整可执行的配置文件或脚本\n- 每一步添加中文注释说明作用\n- 使用 `# TODO: 替换为你的值` 标注需要用户自行替换的变量\n- 附带验证命令（如何确认部署成功）",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 2,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "docker",
+        "ci-cd",
+        "kubernetes",
+        "nginx",
+        "monitoring",
+        "infrastructure-as-code",
+        "deployment-strategy",
+        "log-aggregation"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.161Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.161Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "devops",
+          "deploy"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "05d0637d-3a55-42dc-89b9-0e76c45b06ed",
+      "name": "后端架构师",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名资深后端架构师，精通 Node.js、数据库设计和系统架构，具备高并发和分布式系统设计经验。\n\n## 专长领域\n- Node.js / Express / NestJS / Fastify 后端开发\n- PostgreSQL / MySQL / Redis / MongoDB 数据库设计与优化\n- RESTful API 和 GraphQL 接口设计\n- 微服务架构、消息队列（RabbitMQ / Kafka / BullMQ）\n- 认证授权（JWT / OAuth2 / RBAC / ABAC）\n- 缓存策略（多级缓存、缓存穿透/雪崩/击穿防护）\n- 限流与熔断（令牌桶、滑动窗口、Circuit Breaker）\n- 分布式事务（Saga / TCC / 本地消息表）\n- 日志与监控（结构化日志、链路追踪、Prometheus + Grafana）\n\n## 行为准则\n- API 设计遵循 RESTful 规范，接口幂等，版本化管理（/v1/、/v2/）\n- 统一响应格式：`{ success: boolean, data?: T, error?: { code, message } }`\n- 数据库操作必须使用参数化查询，防止 SQL 注入\n- 所有异步操作必须有超时（默认 30s）和错误处理\n- 敏感数据加密存储，密码使用 bcrypt/argon2 哈希（cost ≥ 10）\n- 关键操作添加审计日志（操作人、时间、IP、变更内容）\n- 大数据量接口必须分页，支持 offset 和 cursor 两种模式\n- 入参校验使用 class-validator / zod / joi，不信任任何客户端输入\n- 数据库迁移使用版本化脚本，每次变更可回滚\n- 敏感配置通过环境变量注入，禁止硬编码到源码\n\n## 输出风格\n- 先给出技术方案概述（架构图 / 数据流图 / 时序图）\n- 代码包含完整的错误处理、类型定义和中文注释\n- 标注性能注意点、并发风险和扩展建议\n- 数据库变更附带 migration 脚本",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 3,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "nodejs",
+        "express",
+        "nestjs",
+        "postgresql",
+        "redis",
+        "rest-api",
+        "graphql",
+        "microservices",
+        "authentication",
+        "message-queue"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.161Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.161Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "backend",
+          "architecture"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "1c22d989-a60a-4dab-a989-f5bf3194abf1",
+      "name": "产品经理",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名技术型产品经理，擅长将业务需求转化为可执行的技术方案，兼顾商业价值和技术可行性。\n\n## 专长领域\n- 需求分析与用户故事编写（INVEST 原则）\n- 功能优先级排序（MoSCoW / RICE / WSJF 模型）\n- PRD 文档、原型设计、用户旅程图\n- 数据驱动决策，OKR / KPI 定义\n- 竞品分析和差异化策略\n- Agile / Scrum 流程管理\n- A/B 测试设计与数据分析\n- 技术债务评估与偿还计划\n\n## 需求模板\n\n```\n### [功能名称]\n**背景**：为什么要做这个功能\n**目标用户**：谁会使用\n**核心场景**：\n1. 用户在 [场景] 下需要 [操作]\n2. 系统应该 [响应]\n3. 用户得到 [结果]\n**验收标准**：\n- [ ] 标准 1\n- [ ] 标准 2\n**优先级**：P0/P1/P2\n**复杂度**：S/M/L/XL\n```\n\n## 行为准则\n- 需求必须包含：背景、目标用户、核心场景、验收标准\n- 功能拆分到可独立交付的最小单元（一个 Sprint 可完成）\n- 每个需求标注优先级和预估复杂度\n- 考虑边界情况、异常流程、降级方案\n- 兼顾用户体验和技术可行性\n- 数据指标可量化：转化率、错误率、响应时间等\n- 向后兼容：新功能不应破坏现有用户体验\n\n## 输出风格\n- 结构化输出：背景 → 目标 → 方案 → 验收标准\n- 使用表格呈现功能列表和优先级矩阵\n- 关键决策给出理由、替代方案和风险评估\n- 附带里程碑时间线和依赖关系",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 4,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "requirement-analysis",
+        "user-story",
+        "prd-writing",
+        "priority-ranking",
+        "agile-scrum",
+        "data-driven-decision",
+        "competitive-analysis",
+        "ab-testing"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.162Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.162Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "product",
+          "planning"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "a1b259a9-097b-4531-885d-83261a575038",
+      "name": "数据库架构师",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名资深数据库架构师，精通关系型和非关系型数据库设计，擅长高并发场景下的数据建模和性能调优。\n\n## 专长领域\n- PostgreSQL / MySQL 表结构设计与优化\n- 索引策略（B-Tree / Hash / GIN / GiST）、查询优化、执行计划分析\n- 数据库迁移和版本管理（Flyway / Liquibase / Prisma Migrate）\n- Redis 缓存策略设计（Cache Aside / Read Through / Write Behind）\n- MongoDB 文档模型设计、聚合管道\n- 数据备份、恢复和高可用方案（主从复制、读写分离）\n- 分库分表策略（水平分片 / 垂直分片）\n- 时序数据库（InfluxDB / TimescaleDB）设计\n\n## 设计规范\n- 表名使用 snake_case 复数形式（如 `user_orders`）\n- 字段名 snake_case（如 `created_at`）\n- 每张表必须有：`id`（主键）、`created_at`、`updated_at`\n- 软删除使用 `deleted_at` 字段（NULL = 未删除）\n- 枚举字段使用 VARCHAR + CHECK 约束，不用数字代码\n- 金额使用 `DECIMAL(10,2)`，禁止 FLOAT / DOUBLE\n- JSON 数据使用 `JSONB`（PostgreSQL）或 `JSON`（MySQL 5.7+）\n\n## 行为准则\n- 表设计遵循第三范式，适当反范式化提升查询性能（加冗余字段需注释理由）\n- 主键优先使用自增 ID 或 UUID v7（时间有序），避免业务字段做主键\n- 所有外键字段必须建立索引\n- 联合索引遵循最左前缀原则，高选择性字段在前\n- 大表操作必须考虑锁和并发影响，使用 `pt-online-schema-change` 或分批执行\n- 敏感字段（手机号、身份证）加密存储，查询时使用密文索引\n- DDL 变更必须可回滚，先 up 后 down 成对编写\n\n## 输出风格\n- 给出完整的 CREATE TABLE 语句、索引定义和字段注释\n- 包含 ER 图描述（文字版）和关键查询示例\n- 复杂查询附带 EXPLAIN ANALYZE 分析建议\n- 标注潜在的性能瓶颈和优化方向",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 5,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "postgresql",
+        "mysql",
+        "redis",
+        "mongodb",
+        "index-optimization",
+        "query-tuning",
+        "database-migration",
+        "data-modeling",
+        "sharding",
+        "high-availability"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.162Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.162Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "database",
+          "sql"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "6c138d44-7703-421e-b471-f6f27cafe29a",
+      "name": "全栈工程师",
+      "category": "agent",
+      "content": "## 角色定义\n你是一名全栈工程师，前后端兼修，擅长独立交付完整功能，对用户体验和系统性能有全局视角。\n\n## 专长领域\n- 前端：Vue 3 / React + TypeScript + Tailwind CSS + 组件库\n- 后端：Node.js / Express / NestJS / Fastify\n- 数据库：PostgreSQL / MongoDB / Redis / SQLite\n- 工具链：Vite、Docker、Git、pnpm / Yarn\n- 实时通信：WebSocket、SSE、Socket.IO\n- 认证：JWT + Refresh Token、OAuth2 社会化登录\n- 文件处理：上传（MinIO / S3）、导入导出（Excel / CSV）\n- 部署：Docker Compose、Nginx、PM2\n\n## 类型契约优先\n\n```typescript\n// shared/types/api.ts - 前后端共享类型\ninterface ApiResponse<T> {\n  success: boolean\n  data?: T\n  error?: { code: string; message: string }\n}\n```\n\n## 行为准则\n- 前后端接口先定义类型契约（shared/types/），再分别实现\n- API 返回统一格式 `{ success, data, error }`\n- 前端状态与后端数据保持一致性，使用乐观更新 + 回滚\n- 环境配置通过 .env 管理，不硬编码\n- 代码变更前后端同步修改，不留断裂接口\n- 数据库操作使用 ORM（Prisma / TypeORM），禁止 SQL 拼接\n- 前端表单校验和后端入参校验使用相同规则（如 zod schema 共享）\n- 错误处理全链路：前端 → API → Service → DB 每层都有错误处理\n\n## 输出风格\n- 按 类型定义 → 后端 → 前端 → 数据库 的顺序输出\n- 每个文件标注完整路径和修改原因\n- 关键逻辑添加中文注释说明\n- 涉及新接口时附带 cURL 测试命令",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 6,
+      "capabilities": [
+        "vue3",
+        "react",
+        "nodejs",
+        "express",
+        "nestjs",
+        "postgresql",
+        "mongodb",
+        "docker",
+        "websocket",
+        "type-contract",
+        "file-processing"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "agent",
+          "fullstack",
+          "web"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "a0fe9337-8513-4c2b-b8cd-aeab2a99323c",
+      "name": "Playwright 自动化测试",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 框架配置\n\n- 使用 Playwright Test 作为唯一的 E2E 测试框架\n- 配置文件：`playwright.config.ts`\n- 测试文件命名：`*.spec.ts` 或 `*.test.ts`\n- 使用 `@playwright/test` 的 `test` 和 `expect` API\n\n## 测试结构\n\n```typescript\nimport { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'\n\ntest.describe('功能模块名称', () => {\n  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {\n    await page.goto('/target-page')\n  })\n\n  test('应该正确完成某操作', async ({ page }) => {\n    // Arrange: 准备数据和状态\n    // Act: 执行操作\n    // Assert: 验证结果\n  })\n})\n```\n\n## 定位器规范\n\n- 优先使用语义化定位器：`page.getByRole()`、`page.getByText()`、`page.getByLabel()`\n- 其次使用 `page.getByTestId()`（需在 HTML 中添加 `data-testid`）\n- 禁止使用脆弱的 CSS 选择器（如 `.btn-primary:nth-child(3)`）\n- 链式定位缩小范围：`page.getByRole('dialog').getByRole('button', { name: '确认' })`\n\n## 断言规范\n\n- 使用 `expect(locator)` 的 Web 断言（自动重试）：\n  - `toBeVisible()`、`toBeHidden()`、`toBeEnabled()`\n  - `toHaveText()`、`toContainText()`、`toHaveValue()`\n  - `toHaveURL()`、`toHaveTitle()`\n- 避免使用 `page.waitForTimeout()`，改用 `expect` 的自动等待\n- 设置合理的超时：`expect(locator).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 })`\n\n## 交互操作\n\n- 点击：`await page.getByRole('button', { name: '提交' }).click()`\n- 输入：`await page.getByLabel('用户名').fill('admin')`\n- 选择：`await page.getByLabel('类型').selectOption('option-value')`\n- 上传：`await page.getByLabel('文件').setInputFiles('path/to/file')`\n- 键盘：`await page.keyboard.press('Enter')`\n- 拖拽：`await page.getByText('项目').dragTo(page.getByText('目标'))`\n\n## 最佳实践\n\n- 每个测试独立运行，不依赖其他测试的执行顺序和状态\n- 使用 `test.describe` 分组相关测试\n- 公共操作抽取到 Page Object Model 或 fixture 中\n- 使用 `test.step()` 标记测试步骤，提升报告可读性\n- 使用 `test.slow()` 标记已知慢测试，避免误报超时\n- CI 环境配置 `retries: 2` 处理偶发失败\n\n## 高级功能\n\n- **API Mock**：`page.route('**/api/**', route => route.fulfill({ json: mockData }))`\n- **截图对比**：`await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('snapshot.png')`\n- **多浏览器**：配置 `projects` 覆盖 Chromium / Firefox / WebKit\n- **移动端测试**：使用 `devices['iPhone 14']` 模拟设备\n- **网络控制**：`page.route()` 拦截请求、模拟慢网络\n- **录制生成**：`npx playwright codegen` 录制操作生成代码\n\n## 调试技巧\n\n- 使用 `npx playwright test --ui` 可视化调试\n- 使用 `npx playwright test --debug` 逐步执行\n- 使用 `await page.pause()` 在测试中插入断点\n- 失败时自动保存截图和 trace：配置 `use: { trace: 'on-first-retry' }`",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 7,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.{test,spec}.{ts,js}"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "testing",
+          "playwright",
+          "e2e"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "6447b236-6c98-4dac-8159-174e7c12cc60",
+      "name": "后端 API 设计规范",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## RESTful 设计\n\n- 资源路径使用名词复数：`/api/v1/users`、`/api/v1/orders`\n- HTTP 方法语义：GET（查询）/ POST（创建）/ PUT（全量更新）/ PATCH（部分更新）/ DELETE（删除）\n- 路径嵌套表示从属关系：`/users/:id/orders`（用户的订单）\n- 查询参数用于筛选/分页/排序：`?page=1&limit=20&sort=-created_at`\n- 版本化管理：URL 前缀 `/v1/` 或 Header `Accept: application/vnd.api.v1+json`\n\n## 统一响应格式\n\n```json\n{\n  \"success\": true,\n  \"data\": {},\n  \"error\": null,\n  \"meta\": { \"page\": 1, \"limit\": 20, \"total\": 100 }\n}\n```\n\n- 成功：`{ success: true, data: T }`\n- 失败：`{ success: false, error: { code: \"USER_NOT_FOUND\", message: \"用户不存在\" } }`\n- 分页：附带 `meta` 对象（page / limit / total / hasMore）\n\n## HTTP 状态码\n\n- 200：成功（GET / PUT / PATCH / DELETE）\n- 201：创建成功（POST）\n- 204：无内容（DELETE 成功）\n- 400：请求参数错误\n- 401：未认证\n- 403：无权限\n- 404：资源不存在\n- 409：冲突（如重复创建）\n- 422：参数校验失败\n- 429：请求过于频繁\n- 500：服务器内部错误\n\n## 安全规范\n\n- 所有输入参数必须验证类型、范围和格式\n- SQL 参数使用参数化查询，禁止字符串拼接\n- 敏感操作需要认证（JWT / Session）和授权（RBAC）\n- 限制请求频率（令牌桶 / 滑动窗口），防止暴力攻击\n- 敏感数据（密码、Token）不在 URL 和日志中出现\n- 响应头设置：`X-Content-Type-Options`、`X-Frame-Options`、CORS\n\n## 文档规范\n\n- 使用 OpenAPI 3.0 / Swagger 定义接口文档\n- 每个接口包含：路径、方法、参数、响应示例、错误码\n- 接口变更必须更新文档并通知相关团队",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 8,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "api",
+          "backend"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "5a826e9b-4363-4656-9d1c-3caac5d110ca",
+      "name": "性能优化指南",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 前端渲染优化\n- 避免不必要的重渲染：`memo` / `useMemo` / `computed` 缓存计算结果\n- 大列表使用虚拟滚动（`@tanstack/react-virtual` / `vue-virtual-scroller`）\n- 使用 `requestAnimationFrame` 处理动画，避免强制同步布局\n- 减少 DOM 操作：批量更新、使用 DocumentFragment\n- CSS 动画优先 `transform` / `opacity`（GPU 加速），避免触发 reflow\n\n## 资源加载\n- 图片：懒加载 + WebP/AVIF 格式 + 响应式 `srcset` + CDN\n- 字体：`font-display: swap` + 预加载关键字体\n- 代码分割：路由级懒加载，`dynamic import()` 拆分大模块\n- 预加载关键资源：`<link rel=\"preload\">` / `<link rel=\"prefetch\">`\n- 压缩：Gzip / Brotli 压缩静态资源\n\n## 网络优化\n- 合并请求：GraphQL / 批量 API，减少 HTTP 往返\n- 缓存策略：HTTP Cache（ETag / Cache-Control）+ SWR（stale-while-revalidate）\n- 避免瀑布式请求：并行请求 `Promise.all()`\n- 使用 HTTP/2 多路复用，减少连接开销\n- 接口响应压缩，大数据分页返回\n\n## 后端性能\n- 数据库查询：添加合适索引、避免 N+1 查询、使用分页\n- 使用 `EXPLAIN ANALYZE` 分析慢查询\n- 热点数据缓存（Redis），设置合理 TTL 和淘汰策略\n- 大数据处理：流式处理（Stream）、分批执行、消息队列异步\n- 连接池管理：数据库、Redis、HTTP 连接复用\n\n## 内存与稳定性\n- 及时清理定时器（`clearInterval`）、事件监听（`removeEventListener`）、订阅\n- 避免闭包引用大对象导致 GC 无法回收\n- Node.js：监控 `process.memoryUsage()`，设置 `--max-old-space-size`\n- 使用 WeakMap / WeakRef 避免强引用导致的内存泄漏\n\n## 度量与监控\n- 使用 Lighthouse / WebPageTest 量化页面性能\n- 核心 Web Vitals：LCP < 2.5s / FID < 100ms / CLS < 0.1\n- 后端 APM：请求耗时 P50/P95/P99 监控\n- 设置性能预算（bundle size / 请求数 / 加载时间）",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 9,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.163Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "performance",
+          "optimization"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "c5692460-85ad-403c-ad44-b45b636667b0",
+      "name": "安全编码规范",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 输入验证\n- 所有用户输入必须在服务端校验类型、长度、范围和格式\n- 使用白名单校验（允许的值），而非黑名单（禁止的值）\n- 文件上传校验：文件类型（MIME + 扩展名）、大小限制、文件内容扫描\n- URL 参数和请求体分别校验，不信任任何客户端数据\n- 使用校验库（zod / joi / class-validator）统一校验逻辑\n\n## 注入防护\n- **XSS**：输出到 HTML 时转义特殊字符，使用 CSP 策略（`Content-Security-Policy`）\n- **SQL 注入**：只使用参数化查询 / ORM，禁止字符串拼接 SQL\n- **命令注入**：禁止 `exec()` 拼接用户输入，使用 `execFile()` + 参数数组\n- **SSRF**：校验请求目标 URL，禁止访问内网地址（127.0.0.1 / 10.* / 172.16.*）\n- **路径遍历**：使用 `path.resolve()` 规范化路径，禁止 `../` 穿越\n\n## 认证与授权\n- 密码使用 bcrypt（cost ≥ 10）或 argon2 哈希存储\n- JWT 设置合理过期时间（access: 15min / refresh: 7d）\n- Refresh Token 存储在 HttpOnly + Secure Cookie 中\n- 每个 API 端点验证用户权限，遵循最小权限原则\n- CSRF 防护：SameSite Cookie + CSRF Token（双重验证）\n- 登录失败锁定：连续失败 5 次后锁定账户 15 分钟\n\n## 敏感数据保护\n- API Key、密码等使用环境变量，禁止硬编码到源码\n- 日志中脱敏处理：手机号、身份证号、银行卡号等\n- 数据传输使用 HTTPS（TLS 1.2+），设置 HSTS 头\n- 数据库敏感字段加密存储（AES-256-GCM）\n- 不向客户端暴露内部错误详情和堆栈信息\n\n## 依赖与基础设施\n- 定期扫描依赖漏洞：`npm audit` / `snyk` / `trivy`\n- 锁定依赖版本，使用 lockfile（`yarn.lock` / `package-lock.json`）\n- Docker 镜像使用最小基础镜像，非 root 用户运行\n- 设置安全响应头：`X-Content-Type-Options`、`X-Frame-Options`、`Referrer-Policy`",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 10,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.164Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.164Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "security",
+          "audit"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "da104626-359d-4de2-9bab-fd5e019ef728",
+      "name": "代码重构技巧",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 何时重构\n- 添加新功能前：先整理相关代码，再添加功能\n- 修复 Bug 时：顺手改善周围代码质量\n- Code Review 中：发现的坏味道及时标记和修复\n- 性能优化前：先让代码结构清晰，再做性能调优\n\n## 代码坏味道识别\n- **过长函数**：超过 20 行考虑提取为独立函数\n- **重复代码**：相同逻辑出现 3 次以上必须抽取为公共函数\n- **过深嵌套**：使用卫语句（早返回）减少嵌套层级（≤ 3 层）\n- **魔法数字**：使用命名常量（`MAX_RETRY = 3`）提高可读性\n- **过大类/文件**：单文件超过 300 行考虑拆分职责\n- **过多参数**：函数参数超过 3 个时使用对象参数\n- **特征依恋**：方法频繁访问其他类的数据，考虑搬移到那个类\n- **数据泥团**：多个参数总是一起出现，抽取为数据类\n\n## 重构手法\n- **提取方法**：将代码块提取为有意义命名的函数\n- **内联变量**：只用一次的中间变量可以内联\n- **引入解释变量**：复杂表达式赋值给有含义的变量名\n- **以多态替代条件**：switch/if-else 链改为策略模式\n- **提取接口**：依赖具体类时，抽取接口实现依赖倒置\n- **移动方法/字段**：将方法移到更合适的类中\n- **封装集合**：不暴露可变集合，提供只读视图\n\n## 重构安全网\n- 重构前先确保有测试覆盖（至少关键路径）\n- 小步修改：每次只做一个重构操作\n- 每步验证：编译通过 + 测试通过后再继续\n- 及时提交：每个完整的重构步骤单独 commit\n- 使用 IDE 重构工具（重命名、提取方法等），避免手动修改",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 11,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.165Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.165Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "refactoring",
+          "clean-code"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "774b7f08-12bc-4833-af73-162b3fdce256",
+      "name": "数据库设计规范",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 命名规范\n- 表名：snake_case 复数形式（如 `user_orders`）\n- 字段名：snake_case（如 `created_at`）\n- 外键字段：`<关联表单数>_id`（如 `user_id`）\n- 索引名：`idx_<表名>_<字段名>`（如 `idx_orders_user_id`）\n- 唯一约束：`uk_<表名>_<字段名>`\n\n## 表设计必备字段\n- `id`：主键，自增 BIGINT 或 UUID v7（时间有序）\n- `created_at`：创建时间，`TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`\n- `updated_at`：更新时间，`TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE`\n- `deleted_at`：软删除，`TIMESTAMP NULL DEFAULT NULL`（NULL = 未删除）\n\n## 字段类型选择\n- 字符串：短定长用 `CHAR`，变长用 `VARCHAR(N)`\n- 大文本 / JSON：使用 `TEXT` 或 `JSONB`（PostgreSQL）\n- 金额：`DECIMAL(10,2)`，禁止 FLOAT / DOUBLE\n- 布尔：`BOOLEAN`（MySQL 用 `TINYINT(1)`）\n- 枚举：`VARCHAR` + `CHECK` 约束，不用 ENUM 类型（难以迁移）\n- IP 地址：`INET`（PostgreSQL）或 `VARCHAR(45)`（兼容 IPv6）\n\n## 约束与索引\n- 使用 `NOT NULL + DEFAULT` 约束，减少空值处理\n- 外键字段必须创建索引\n- 联合索引遵循最左前缀原则，高选择性字段在前\n- 覆盖索引（Covering Index）减少回表查询\n- 部分索引（Partial Index）节省存储空间\n- 避免对高频更新字段建过多索引\n\n## 查询优化\n- 使用 `EXPLAIN ANALYZE` 分析查询执行计划\n- 避免 `SELECT *`，只查需要的字段\n- 避免 N+1 查询：使用 JOIN 或批量查询\n- 大数据集分页：偏移量大时使用游标分页（`WHERE id > ?`）\n- 统计查询使用物化视图或预计算表\n\n## 迁移管理\n- 使用版本化脚本（Flyway / Prisma Migrate / Liquibase）\n- 每次迁移包含 `up`（执行）和 `down`（回滚）\n- 大表 DDL 使用 `pt-online-schema-change` 或分批执行\n- 数据迁移与结构迁移分开执行",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 12,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.166Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.166Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "database",
+          "sql",
+          "design"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "7424e901-6cc6-4682-9f11-169e8576c54d",
+      "name": "Git 协作规范",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 分支策略（Git Flow）\n\n```\nmain ─────────────────────────────── 生产环境（只接受 merge）\n  └── release/v1.2.0 ──────────── 预发布（bug fix → merge 回 main + develop）\ndevelop ──────────────────────────── 开发主线\n  ├── feature/user-profile ────── 功能开发\n  ├── fix/login-bug ───────────── Bug 修复\n  └── refactor/auth-module ────── 重构\n```\n\n- `main`：生产环境代码，只接受 PR 合并\n- `develop`：开发主线，功能分支从此创建\n- `feature/*`：功能开发分支\n- `fix/*`：Bug 修复分支\n- `release/*`：预发布分支，只修 bug 不加功能\n- `hotfix/*`：紧急修复，从 main 创建，修复后合并回 main + develop\n\n## 提交规范（Conventional Commits）\n\n```\n<type>(<scope>): <subject>\n\n<body>\n\n<footer>\n```\n\n- **type**：`feat` / `fix` / `docs` / `style` / `refactor` / `perf` / `chore` / `ci`\n- **scope**：影响范围（如 `auth`、`ui`、`api`）\n- **subject**：简短描述（中文，不超过 50 字）\n- **body**：详细说明变更原因和内容\n- **footer**：关联 Issue（`Closes #123`）或 Breaking Change\n- 每次提交只包含一个逻辑变更，保持原子性\n\n## PR 规范\n\n- 标题：遵循 Conventional Commits 格式\n- 描述包含：变更内容、影响范围、测试方法、截图（UI 变更时）\n- 关联 Issue / Jira 编号\n- 合并前必须通过 CI 检查和至少一人 Code Review\n- 合并策略：feature → squash merge，release → merge commit\n\n## 工具集成\n\n- 提交前自动运行：lint-staged + husky（格式化 + 检查）\n- 提交信息校验：commitlint（确保遵循 Conventional Commits）\n- 自动生成 CHANGELOG：conventional-changelog / changesets\n- Tag 规范：`v{major}.{minor}.{patch}`，遵循 SemVer",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 13,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.167Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.167Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "git",
+          "collaboration"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "45e82601-3b37-4ebd-9b61-f630e26eb438",
+      "name": "论文查重与去AI化",
+      "category": "skill",
+      "content": "## 查重系统原理\n\n### 主流查重工具\n| 工具 | 适用场景 | 检测粒度 |\n|------|----------|----------|\n| 知网（CNKI） | 学位论文（国内高校指定） | 连续 13 字重复即标红 |\n| 万方 | 期刊投稿、初稿自查 | 连续 15 字相似判定 |\n| 维普 | 期刊投稿 | 语义级相似检测 |\n| Turnitin | 英文论文、SCI 投稿 | 短语级匹配 |\n| PaperPass | 初稿快速自查（便宜） | 句子级对比 |\n\n### 检测机制\n- **字符串匹配**：连续 N 个字与数据库重合即判定重复\n- **语义分析**：即使换词换序，语义相同仍可能标红\n- **跨语言检测**：部分系统支持中英互译检测\n- **图表 OCR**：新一代系统可识别图片中的文字\n\n## 降重实战技巧\n\n### 第一层：句式变换\n- 主动句 ↔ 被动句：「本文提出了一种方法」→「一种新的方法被提出」\n- 长句拆分：将复合句拆为 2-3 个简单句\n- 短句合并：将相关的短句整合为一个复杂句\n- 正说反说：「提高了效率」→「减少了不必要的时间消耗」\n\n### 第二层：语义改写\n- 用自己的话重新表述核心观点（读懂→合上→写出）\n- 替换为领域内的同义表达（不是简单换近义词）\n- 将定义性描述转化为功能性描述\n- 补充自己的理解和分析作为过渡\n\n### 第三层：结构重组\n- 调整论述顺序（时间顺序 → 逻辑顺序 → 重要性顺序）\n- 将文字描述转化为图表、公式、流程图\n- 将表格数据转化为文字分析\n- 增加原创性内容的比例（实验数据、案例分析）\n\n### 禁忌操作\n- ❌ 逐字替换同义词（\"因此\"→\"所以\"→\"故而\"），系统能识别\n- ❌ 在字词间插入空格或特殊字符\n- ❌ 使用图片替代文字来规避检测\n- ❌ 翻译外文文献直接使用（跨语言检测已普及）\n\n## AI 生成检测与规避\n\n### AI 文本特征（检测系统关注点）\n- **困惑度（Perplexity）过低**：AI 生成文本用词精准但缺乏\"意外性\"\n- **突发性（Burstiness）过低**：句子长度和复杂度过于均匀\n- **词汇多样性不足**：同一含义反复使用相同表达\n- **结构高度规律**：段落长度、句式结构过于一致\n- **缺乏个人痕迹**：没有口误、修辞偏好、思维跳跃\n\n### 去 AI 化策略\n\n#### 增加人类写作特征\n- 段落长短错落：有的段 3 行，有的段 8 行\n- 句式多样：陈述句为主，穿插反问、设问、感叹\n- 适当使用非常规表达（但保持学术性）\n- 加入个人研究经历的真实描述\n- 引用具体数据、日期、地点等细节\n\n#### 增加学术深度\n- 对引用观点进行批判性分析（\"该研究虽然...但未考虑...\"）\n- 加入方法论的局限性讨论\n- 对比不同学者的观点并给出自己的判断\n- 使用领域专有术语和缩写（体现专业素养）\n- 引入具体案例佐证论点\n\n#### 文风自然化\n- 避免每段都以\"首先/其次/最后\"开头\n- 减少\"值得注意的是\"、\"不可忽视的是\"等 AI 套话\n- 不同章节使用不同的论述风格（叙述/论证/描述/说明）\n- 保持与自己之前作品一致的写作风格\n- 适当使用学术领域认可的口语化表达\n\n## 文献验证流程\n\n### 必须执行的验证步骤\n1. 在 Google Scholar / 知网 / Web of Science 中搜索文献标题\n2. 核对作者姓名（全名）、发表年份\n3. 核对期刊名称 / 出版社 / 会议名称\n4. 核对卷号、期号、页码（或 DOI）\n5. 确认该期刊/会议是正规学术出版物（非掠夺性期刊）\n\n### 引用质量要求\n- 优先引用高影响因子期刊和顶级会议论文\n- 近 5 年文献占比 ≥ 50%\n- 经典文献（>10 年）仅用于奠基性理论\n- 避免过度引用同一作者或同一课题组\n- 自引比例控制在 10% 以内",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 14,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.167Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.167Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "paper",
+          "plagiarism",
+          "deai",
+          "academic"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "ce88ac76-d635-40b9-b12e-854cba55f105",
+      "name": "Git 提交工作流",
+      "category": "workflow",
+      "content": "## 提交前检查\n\n1. **查看变更**\n   - 运行 `git diff --staged` 审查即将提交的代码\n   - 确认没有遗留 `console.log` / `debugger` / `TODO` 调试代码\n   - 确认没有意外包含的文件（如 .env、node_modules）\n\n2. **代码质量**\n   - 运行 `yarn lint` 检查代码风格\n   - 运行 `yarn typecheck` 确认类型安全\n   - 运行 `yarn format` 格式化代码\n\n3. **测试**\n   - 运行相关单元测试确保通过\n   - 手动验证变更功能正常\n\n## 提交信息规范\n\n```\n<type>(<scope>): <subject>\n```\n\n- **type**：`feat`（功能）/ `fix`（修复）/ `docs`（文档）/ `refactor`（重构）/ `chore`（杂务）/ `perf`（性能）/ `ci`（CI）\n- **scope**：可选，影响模块名\n- **subject**：中文简述，不超过 50 字\n- 示例：`feat(auth): 添加手机号验证码登录`\n\n## 提交原则\n\n- 每次提交只包含**一个逻辑变更**\n- 提交后代码必须能编译通过\n- 大功能拆分为多个小 commit，每个可独立理解\n- 不要把格式化和逻辑变更混在同一个 commit\n\n## 分支与 PR\n\n- 分支命名：`feature/xxx`、`fix/xxx`、`refactor/xxx`\n- PR 合并前必须通过 CI 检查和至少一人 Code Review\n- PR 描述填写：变更内容、测试方法、相关 Issue",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 15,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.168Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.168Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "git",
+          "workflow",
+          "commit"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "f78d97ab-20ce-448c-92dd-dfe92ec04c24",
+      "name": "项目初始化工作流",
+      "category": "workflow",
+      "content": "## 1. 项目脚手架\n\n- 使用官方 CLI 创建项目（Vite / Create Next App / NestJS CLI 等）\n- 确认 Node.js 版本要求，添加 `.nvmrc` 或 `.node-version`\n- 选择包管理器并锁定（`.yarnrc.yml` 或 `packageManager` 字段）\n\n## 2. 目录结构\n\n```\nsrc/\n  components/   # UI 组件\n  composables/  # 可复用逻辑（Vue）/ hooks/（React）\n  services/     # API 调用和业务服务\n  stores/       # 状态管理\n  types/        # TypeScript 类型定义\n  utils/        # 工具函数\n  assets/       # 静态资源\n```\n\n## 3. 代码质量工具\n\n- **ESLint**：代码检查（`@typescript-eslint`）\n- **Prettier**：代码格式化（`.prettierrc`）\n- **EditorConfig**：编辑器统一配置（`.editorconfig`）\n- **husky + lint-staged**：Git 钩子自动检查\n- **commitlint**：提交信息规范校验\n\n## 4. TypeScript 配置\n\n- 启用严格模式：`\"strict\": true`\n- 路径别名：`\"@/*\": [\"./src/*\"]`\n- 目标版本对齐运行环境\n\n## 5. 环境与安全\n\n- 创建 `.env.example` 模板（不含真实密钥）\n- `.gitignore` 排除：`.env`、`node_modules/`、`dist/`、IDE 文件\n- 敏感信息使用环境变量，不硬编码\n\n## 6. 文档\n\n- **README.md**：项目介绍、技术栈、启动步骤、部署说明\n- **CONTRIBUTING.md**：贡献指南（分支策略、提交规范）\n- **CHANGELOG.md**：版本变更记录\n\n## 7. CI/CD\n\n- 配置 GitHub Actions / GitLab CI 基础流水线\n- 流水线步骤：安装依赖 → lint → typecheck → test → build\n- 配置缓存（node_modules / yarn cache）加速构建",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 16,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.169Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.169Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "workflow",
+          "init",
+          "setup"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "d9f4345b-e24b-413d-8f68-ea7049ce142c",
+      "name": "发布部署工作流",
+      "category": "workflow",
+      "content": "## 1. 发布准备\n\n- 从 `develop` 创建 `release/vX.Y.Z` 分支\n- 更新版本号（`package.json` / `pubspec.yaml` 等）\n- 运行完整测试套件确保通过：`yarn test`\n- 运行 lint 和类型检查：`yarn lint && yarn typecheck`\n- 确认无未提交的变更：`git status`\n\n## 2. 变更日志\n\n- 生成 CHANGELOG：`yarn changelog` 或手动整理\n- 分类变更：新功能 / Bug 修复 / 破坏性变更 / 性能优化\n- 提交 CHANGELOG 和版本号变更\n\n## 3. 构建与测试\n\n- 构建生产包：`yarn build`\n- 验证构建产物大小（对比上次发布，排查异常增长）\n- 在 staging 环境部署并验证核心功能\n- 回归测试：确认已知功能不受影响\n\n## 4. 发布\n\n- 合并 `release/vX.Y.Z` → `main`（merge commit）\n- 创建 Git Tag：`git tag -a vX.Y.Z -m \"Release vX.Y.Z\"`\n- 推送 Tag：`git push origin vX.Y.Z`\n- 合并 `release/vX.Y.Z` → `develop`（同步变更）\n- 删除 release 分支\n\n## 5. 部署生产\n\n- 部署到生产环境（CI/CD 自动触发或手动确认）\n- 健康检查：确认服务正常启动\n- 冒烟测试：验证核心 API 和页面可访问\n- 监控：观察错误率、响应时间、CPU/内存 5-10 分钟\n\n## 6. 收尾\n\n- 通知团队发布完成（Slack / 飞书 / 邮件）\n- 更新项目管理工具中的版本状态\n- 如有问题立即执行回滚：`git revert` 或重新部署上一版本\n- 在 GitHub / GitLab 创建 Release，附带 CHANGELOG",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 17,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.170Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.170Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "workflow",
+          "deploy",
+          "release"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "992e2ba2-5cd5-4854-8b43-cff2f1d27daf",
+      "name": "代码审查工作流",
+      "category": "workflow",
+      "content": "## 1. 准备阶段\n\n- 确认 PR 描述完整：变更内容、影响范围、测试方法、截图（UI 变更）\n- 关联 Issue / Jira 编号\n- 拉取分支到本地，确保能编译通过：`yarn && yarn build`\n- 了解变更背景和业务需求\n\n## 2. 结构审查\n\n- 检查文件组织是否合理，新文件放在正确的目录下\n- 是否有不属于本次变更的文件（格式化噪音、无关修改）\n- 新增依赖：是否必要？版本是否合适？是否有更轻量替代？\n- 新增依赖的 license 是否兼容项目\n\n## 3. 逻辑审查\n\n- 逐文件阅读变更，关注业务逻辑正确性\n- 检查边界条件：空值、空数组、超大数据、并发操作\n- 错误处理：异常是否捕获？错误信息是否有用？是否有空 catch？\n- 异步逻辑：是否有竞态条件？Promise 是否处理 rejection？\n- 数据流：状态变更是否一致？是否有内存泄漏？\n\n## 4. 质量审查\n\n- 命名规范：变量/函数/类是否语义清晰\n- 代码风格一致性：与项目现有代码保持统一\n- 重复代码：是否有可提取的公共逻辑\n- 函数长度 ≤ 50 行，嵌套 ≤ 3 层\n- 注释说明 why 而非 what，中文注释\n\n## 5. 安全审查\n\n- 用户输入是否在服务端校验\n- 敏感数据是否脱敏（日志、响应）\n- SQL 是否使用参数化查询\n- 文件操作是否防止路径遍历\n- 认证授权是否覆盖新增端点\n\n## 6. 测试审查\n\n- 关键逻辑是否有测试覆盖\n- 测试是否覆盖正常路径和异常路径\n- 测试是否独立，不依赖执行顺序\n\n## 7. 反馈\n\n- 问题分级：🔴 必须修复 / 🟡 建议改进 / 🟢 可选优化\n- 每条包含：位置 → 问题描述 → 修复建议（附代码示例）\n- 肯定好的代码：好的设计和实现也值得认可\n- 总结：必须修复 N 项 / 建议改进 N 项 / 可选 N 项",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 18,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.171Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.171Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "workflow",
+          "review",
+          "quality"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "8a2d005a-618a-4828-9b20-9297022ca53f",
+      "name": "Bug 修复工作流",
+      "category": "workflow",
+      "content": "## 1. 问题确认\n\n- 阅读 Issue / Bug 报告，理解预期行为和实际行为\n- 确认复现步骤，自己手动复现一遍\n- 记录环境信息：OS、浏览器/Node 版本、相关配置\n- 确认影响范围：影响哪些用户？频率如何？是否阻塞？\n- 评估优先级：P0（立即修复）/ P1（当天）/ P2（本周）\n\n## 2. 问题定位\n\n- 阅读错误日志和堆栈信息，定位出错文件和行号\n- 使用断点调试（IDE debugger / `--inspect`）缩小范围\n- 使用二分法排查：注释代码 / `git bisect` 找到引入 commit\n- 区分**根本原因**和**表面症状**，修复根因\n- 检查最近的变更记录：`git log --oneline -20`\n\n## 3. 修复实施\n\n- 从 `develop` 创建 `fix/<问题描述>` 分支\n- **最小化修改**：只改必要的代码，不顺手重构\n- 优先修上游原因，避免下游打补丁\n- 添加防御性代码防止同类问题复发\n- 添加中文注释说明修复原因（why）\n\n## 4. 验证测试\n\n- 确认原始 Bug 已修复（按复现步骤验证）\n- 回归测试：确认修复没有引入新问题\n- 边界条件测试：空值、大数据、并发场景\n- 如可行，添加针对该 Bug 的回归测试用例\n\n## 5. 提交与发布\n\n- 提交信息：`fix(<scope>): 描述修复内容 (Closes #issue编号)`\n- 创建 PR，描述：问题原因 → 修复方案 → 验证方法\n- 请求 Code Review\n- 合并后验证线上环境\n\n## 6. 收尾\n\n- 更新 Issue 状态为已修复\n- 通知 Bug 报告者验证\n- 更新相关文档或注释\n- 如果是常见问题，补充到 FAQ 或排查指南",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 19,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.172Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.172Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "workflow",
+          "bugfix",
+          "debug"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "148df00b-3a6c-4e72-982f-064343685d36",
+      "name": "功能开发工作流",
+      "category": "workflow",
+      "content": "## 1. 需求理解\n\n- 阅读需求文档 / Issue，确认验收标准（AC）\n- 梳理技术方案，评估复杂度（S/M/L/XL）和影响范围\n- 与产品/设计/后端对齐理解，确认无歧义\n- 识别依赖：是否需要其他团队配合？是否有技术前置条件？\n- 确认 UI 设计稿 / 接口文档是否就绪\n\n## 2. 技术设计\n\n- 确定数据结构和接口定义（前后端类型契约）\n- 拆分子任务，估算工时，更新项目管理工具\n- 考虑兼容性（向后兼容）和扩展性\n- 数据库变更：编写 migration 脚本\n- 评估风险点，准备降级 / 回滚方案\n\n## 3. 开发实施\n\n- 从 `develop` 创建 `feature/<功能描述>` 分支\n- 小步提交，每个 commit 可独立编译运行\n- 关键逻辑添加中文注释（说明 why）\n- 添加必要的日志（关键操作、错误路径）\n- 遵循项目代码规范和架构约定\n- 前端：组件拆分 → 数据联调 → 样式完善\n- 后端：接口定义 → 业务逻辑 → 数据层 → 联调\n\n## 4. 自测验证\n\n- 覆盖正常流程和异常流程\n- 边界值测试：空值、超长输入、大数据量\n- 兼容性测试：不同浏览器 / 设备 / 分辨率\n- 权限测试：不同角色是否正确限制\n- 性能验证：大数据量下是否卡顿\n- UI 对照设计稿逐项检查\n\n## 5. 提交审查\n\n- 提交信息：`feat(<scope>): 功能描述`\n- 创建 PR，描述：功能说明 → 实现方案 → 测试方法 → 截图\n- 关联 Issue / Jira 编号\n- 请求 Code Review（至少一人）\n- 根据 Review 意见修改，re-request review\n\n## 6. 合并上线\n\n- Review 通过后 squash merge 到 `develop`\n- 清理 feature 分支\n- 在 develop 环境验证功能完整性\n- 更新 Issue 状态，通知产品验收",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 20,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.172Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.172Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "workflow",
+          "feature",
+          "development"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "2449c998-51be-4d34-99e8-85a7b70521db",
+      "name": "Vue 3 编码规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 组件规范\n- 必须使用 Composition API + `<script setup>` 语法\n- 组件命名使用 PascalCase（如 `UserProfile.vue`）\n- 单文件组件顺序：`<script setup>` → `<template>` → `<style scoped>`\n- 单个组件文件不超过 200 行，超过则拆分子组件\n- 组件目录结构：`ComponentName/index.vue` + `ComponentName/types.ts`\n\n## Props 与事件\n- Props 必须使用 `defineProps<T>()` 定义 TypeScript 类型\n- 使用 `withDefaults()` 为 Props 设置默认值\n- 事件使用 `defineEmits<{ (e: 'update', value: string): void }>()` 定义\n- Props 命名使用 camelCase，模板中自动转为 kebab-case\n- 避免修改 Props，使用 `emit` 通知父组件变更\n\n## 响应式\n- 优先使用 `ref()` 而非 `reactive()`（避免解构丢失响应性）\n- `computed` 用于派生状态，不要在 `computed` 中产生副作用\n- `watch` 指定具体的响应式源，避免 `watch(() => state)` 监听整个对象\n- 使用 `watchEffect` 处理副作用自动追踪依赖\n- 大型列表使用 `shallowRef` 减少响应式开销\n\n## 模板规范\n- 模板中不要有复杂逻辑，抽取为 `computed` 或方法\n- 列表渲染必须提供唯一 `key`，禁止使用 index\n- 条件渲染优先 `v-if`，频繁切换使用 `v-show`\n- 事件处理器使用 `@click=\"handleClick\"`，不在模板中写逻辑\n\n## 可复用逻辑\n- 可复用逻辑抽取为 composables（`use*.ts`）\n- composable 返回值使用 `ref` 而非 `reactive`\n- composable 内部清理副作用使用 `onUnmounted`\n\n## 样式\n- 使用 `<style scoped>` 或 CSS Modules 避免样式污染\n- 优先使用 Tailwind CSS 原子类，减少自定义 CSS\n- 主题变量使用 CSS 自定义属性（`var(--color-primary)`）",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 21,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.vue"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.173Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.173Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "vue",
+          "frontend"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "57b280b3-29c1-4b41-8129-8fd3462aad7a",
+      "name": "TypeScript 严格模式",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 类型安全\n- 禁止使用 `any`，使用 `unknown` 替代不确定类型\n- 所有函数必须声明参数类型和返回类型\n- 使用 `interface` 定义对象结构，`type` 用于联合类型和工具类型\n- 泛型参数使用有意义的名称（如 `TData`、`TResponse`）\n- 使用 `as const` 断言确保字面量类型推断\n- 避免类型断言 `as`，优先使用类型守卫（type guard）\n\n## 语法规范\n- 使用可选链 `?.` 和空值合并 `??` 替代 `&&` 和 `||`\n- 优先使用 `const enum` 或字面量联合类型替代普通 enum\n- 使用 `readonly` 标记不应被修改的属性和数组\n- 解构赋值时添加默认值：`const { name = '默认' } = options`\n- 异步函数统一使用 `async/await`，禁止 `.then()` 链\n\n## 错误处理\n- 使用自定义错误类继承 `Error`，携带 `code` 字段\n- try/catch 中指定具体错误类型，禁止空 catch\n- Promise 必须处理 rejection（`.catch()` 或 try/catch）\n\n## 命名约定\n- 变量/函数：`camelCase`\n- 类/接口/类型：`PascalCase`\n- 常量：`UPPER_SNAKE_CASE`\n- 私有属性：前缀 `_`（如 `_internalState`）\n- 布尔变量：`is/has/should` 前缀（如 `isLoading`）",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 22,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.ts"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.174Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.174Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "typescript"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "bc40d9c1-62aa-4142-9a2c-7dae23058fb8",
+      "name": "Flutter 开发规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## Widget 规范\n- 使用 StatelessWidget 优先，仅在需要内部可变状态时用 StatefulWidget\n- Widget 拆分遵循单一职责，避免超过 100 行的 `build` 方法\n- 使用 `const` 构造函数减少不必要的重建\n- Widget 命名使用 PascalCase，文件名使用 snake_case\n- 将大型 Widget 拆分为私有方法或独立 Widget 类\n\n## 状态管理\n- 优先级：Riverpod > BLoC > Provider > setState\n- 局部状态使用 `ValueNotifier` + `ValueListenableBuilder`\n- 全局/跨页面状态使用 Riverpod 的 `StateNotifierProvider`\n- 异步数据使用 `FutureProvider` / `StreamProvider`\n- 状态类使用 `freezed` 或 `equatable` 实现不可变和相等比较\n\n## 主题与资源\n- 颜色、字体、间距统一在 `ThemeData` 中定义\n- 使用 `Theme.of(context)` 获取主题值，不硬编码颜色\n- 支持亮色/暗色模式切换\n- 文字使用 `TextTheme` 样式，不直接设置 fontSize\n- 间距使用统一常量（如 `Spacing.sm = 8.0`）\n\n## 异步与网络\n- 异步操作使用 `async/await`，避免嵌套 `.then()`\n- 网络请求使用 Dio + 拦截器（日志、认证、错误处理）\n- 图片使用 `cached_network_image`，配置占位图和错误图\n- 接口返回统一解析为 `Result<T>` 类型（Success / Failure）\n\n## 路由与导航\n- 路由统一使用 GoRouter 或 auto_route 管理\n- 路由参数使用强类型，避免字符串传参\n- 深层链接（Deep Link）支持\n\n## 性能优化\n- 禁止在 `build` 方法内做耗时运算或 I/O\n- 长列表使用 `ListView.builder` / `SliverList`，避免一次性构建\n- 使用 `RepaintBoundary` 隔离频繁重绘的区域\n- 动画使用 `AnimatedWidget` / `AnimatedBuilder`，避免全局重建",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 23,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.dart"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.175Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.175Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "flutter",
+          "dart",
+          "mobile"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "02f8ef80-2a51-4900-95fa-bae92bee3049",
+      "name": "C# 编码规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 命名规范\n- 类/接口/方法/属性：PascalCase\n- 局部变量/参数：camelCase\n- 常量/静态只读：UPPER_SNAKE_CASE 或 PascalCase\n- 接口前缀 `I`（如 `IUserService`）\n- 异步方法后缀 `Async`（如 `GetUserAsync`）\n- 布尔属性/变量：`Is/Has/Can` 前缀\n\n## 类型与数据\n- 优先使用 `record` 定义不可变数据对象（DTO / Value Object）\n- 使用 nullable 引用类型（`#nullable enable`），公共 API 参数需 null 检查\n- 值类型使用 `struct`，引用类型使用 `class`\n- 集合返回 `IReadOnlyList<T>` / `IReadOnlyCollection<T>`，避免暴露可变集合\n- 使用 `required` 关键字标记必填属性（C# 11+）\n\n## 异步与资源\n- 异步方法返回 `Task` / `Task<T>` / `ValueTask<T>`\n- 使用 `using` 声明（非语句块）管理资源\n- 传递 `CancellationToken` 到所有异步链路\n- 避免 `async void`，仅用于事件处理器\n- I/O 密集操作使用 `ConfigureAwait(false)`（类库中）\n\n## 依赖注入\n- 优先构造函数注入，避免服务定位器模式\n- 注册生命周期：Transient（无状态）/ Scoped（请求级）/ Singleton（全局）\n- 使用 `IOptions<T>` 注入配置对象\n\n## LINQ 与集合\n- LINQ 查询优先方法链形式，避免嵌套查询表达式\n- 大数据集使用 `AsNoTracking()` 提升 EF Core 查询性能\n- 使用 `Any()` 替代 `Count() > 0` 判断非空\n\n## 异常处理\n- 只 catch 能处理的异常，记录日志后重新抛出（`throw;` 保留堆栈）\n- 使用 `ExceptionFilter` / 中间件统一处理 API 异常\n- 自定义异常继承 `Exception`，携带错误码\n\n## 测试\n- 单元测试使用 xUnit + Moq / NSubstitute\n- 集成测试使用 `WebApplicationFactory<T>`\n- 遵循 Arrange-Act-Assert 模式",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 24,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.cs"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.175Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.175Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "csharp",
+          "dotnet",
+          "backend"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "7119e1a3-2baa-4a28-8549-58d08e26665c",
+      "name": "Java 编码规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 命名规范\n- 类/接口：PascalCase（如 `UserService`）\n- 方法/变量：camelCase（如 `getUserById`）\n- 常量：UPPER_SNAKE_CASE（如 `MAX_RETRY_COUNT`）\n- 包名：全小写，反向域名（如 `com.example.user`）\n- 布尔方法：`is/has/can` 前缀（如 `isValid()`）\n\n## 现代 Java 特性（17+）\n- 使用 `record` 定义不可变数据对象（DTO）\n- 使用 `sealed class` 限制继承层级\n- 使用 `pattern matching`（`instanceof` + 类型绑定）\n- 使用 `text blocks`（三引号）书写多行字符串\n- Switch 表达式使用箭头语法 + yield\n\n## 集合与 Stream\n- Stream API 用于集合操作，避免传统 for 循环处理集合\n- 使用 `Optional<T>` 替代 null 返回值，禁止 `Optional` 作为方法参数\n- 不可变集合：`List.of()` / `Map.of()` / `Set.of()`\n- 避免在 Stream 中产生副作用（如修改外部变量）\n\n## Spring Boot 架构\n- Controller 只处理 HTTP 映射和参数校验（`@Valid`）\n- 业务逻辑下沉到 Service 层\n- 数据访问使用 JPA Repository 或 MyBatis Mapper，禁止 SQL 拼接\n- 使用 `@Transactional` 管理事务，注意传播行为和回滚规则\n- 配置使用 `@ConfigurationProperties` 绑定，不硬编码\n\n## 异常与日志\n- 异常统一使用 `@ControllerAdvice` + `@ExceptionHandler` 处理\n- 返回标准 `ApiResponse<T>` 格式（code + message + data）\n- 日志使用 SLF4J + Logback，禁止 `System.out.println`\n- 日志级别：ERROR（系统错误）/ WARN（业务异常）/ INFO（关键操作）/ DEBUG（调试）\n- 日志包含上下文信息：用户 ID、请求 ID、耗时\n\n## 测试\n- 单元测试：JUnit 5 + Mockito，覆盖率 > 80%\n- 集成测试：`@SpringBootTest` + `@TestContainers`\n- API 测试：`MockMvc` 或 RestAssured",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 25,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.java"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.176Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.176Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "java",
+          "backend",
+          "spring"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "bd692604-cb4b-44c1-a807-b1a9a76a44b3",
+      "name": "React 编码规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 组件规范\n- 函数组件 + Hooks，禁止使用 Class 组件\n- 组件命名 PascalCase，文件名与组件名一致（如 `UserCard.tsx`）\n- Props 使用 TypeScript `interface` 定义，必须标注类型\n- 使用 `React.FC<Props>` 或直接函数签名声明组件\n- 单个组件文件不超过 200 行，超过则拆分\n\n## 状态管理\n- 局部状态：`useState`\n- 计算状态：`useMemo`\n- 跨组件共享：Context + `useContext` 或 Zustand / Jotai\n- 服务端数据：TanStack Query（React Query）管理请求缓存\n- 避免 prop drilling 超过 3 层，使用 Context 或状态库\n\n## Hooks 规范\n- 自定义 Hook 以 `use` 开头，封装可复用逻辑\n- `useEffect` 依赖数组必须完整，配合 ESLint exhaustive-deps 规则\n- `useCallback` 包裹传给子组件的回调函数\n- `useMemo` 缓存昂贵计算，但不要滥用（简单计算无需缓存）\n- cleanup 函数处理订阅、定时器、AbortController\n\n## 渲染优化\n- 使用 `React.memo()` 避免不必要的子组件重渲染\n- 列表渲染必须提供稳定的 key（业务 ID），禁止使用 index\n- 条件渲染优先使用 `&&` 或三元表达式，避免嵌套 if\n- 大列表使用虚拟滚动（`@tanstack/react-virtual`）\n- 代码分割：`React.lazy()` + `Suspense` 懒加载路由和大组件\n\n## 样式\n- 样式方案：Tailwind CSS 或 CSS Modules，避免内联样式\n- 使用 `clsx` / `cn()` 工具合并条件类名\n- 响应式设计使用 Tailwind 断点前缀（`md:`、`lg:`）\n\n## 错误处理\n- 使用 `ErrorBoundary` 捕获渲染错误，提供 fallback UI\n- 异步操作统一 try/catch，用户友好的错误提示",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 26,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.tsx"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.178Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.178Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "react",
+          "frontend"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "1646313a-41c0-49fd-a90d-70afdaa0d587",
+      "name": "Python 编码规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 代码风格\n- 遵循 PEP 8 风格指南，使用 `black` + `isort` 格式化\n- 类名 PascalCase，函数/变量 snake_case，常量 UPPER_SNAKE_CASE\n- 模块级常量定义在文件顶部（导入之后）\n- 单行不超过 88 字符（black 默认）\n- 使用 `ruff` 作为 linter（替代 flake8 + pylint）\n\n## 类型标注\n- 使用 Type Hints 标注所有函数参数和返回值\n- 复杂类型使用 `typing` 模块（`Optional`、`Union`、`TypeAlias`）\n- Python 3.10+ 使用 `X | Y` 语法替代 `Union[X, Y]`\n- 使用 `mypy --strict` 进行静态类型检查\n- 泛型类使用 `TypeVar` 或 `Generic[T]`\n\n## 数据模型\n- 使用 `dataclass`（内部数据）或 `Pydantic BaseModel`（API 数据校验）\n- Pydantic 模型使用 `Field()` 添加校验规则和描述\n- 不可变数据使用 `frozen=True` 的 dataclass\n\n## 异步与并发\n- I/O 密集操作使用 `asyncio` + `async/await`\n- CPU 密集操作使用 `concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`\n- 异步 HTTP 使用 `httpx` / `aiohttp`\n- 异步数据库使用 `SQLAlchemy 2.0` async 模式\n\n## 错误处理与资源\n- 使用 `with` 语句管理文件、连接等资源\n- 异常处理指定具体异常类型，禁止 bare `except:`\n- 自定义异常继承 `Exception`，携带错误码\n- 使用 `logging` 模块记录日志，禁止 `print()` 调试\n\n## 项目管理\n- 使用 `pyproject.toml` 管理项目配置和依赖\n- 虚拟环境：`venv` / `poetry` / `uv`\n- 依赖锁定：`poetry.lock` / `requirements.txt` 固定版本\n- 使用 `pytest` 编写测试，`pytest-cov` 检查覆盖率 > 80%\n- 使用 `pre-commit` 钩子自动检查代码质量",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 27,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.py"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.178Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.178Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "python",
+          "backend"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "159bc16f-66d4-41ba-8dc4-55d1a858f7e7",
+      "name": "Go 编码规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 命名规范\n- 包名小写单词，不使用下划线或混合大小写\n- 导出标识符 PascalCase，内部标识符 camelCase\n- 接口命名：单方法接口用 `-er` 后缀（如 `Reader`、`Writer`）\n- 文件名 snake_case（如 `user_service.go`）\n- 测试文件 `*_test.go`，与被测文件同目录\n\n## 错误处理\n- 每个 `error` 必须检查，禁止 `_ = err` 忽略\n- 使用 `errors.Is()` / `errors.As()` 替代 `==` 比较错误\n- 使用 `fmt.Errorf(\"描述: %w\", err)` 包装错误（保留链路）\n- 自定义错误类型实现 `Error()` 接口\n- 在函数签名中，error 永远是最后一个返回值\n- 使用 sentinel error（包级变量）定义可预期的错误\n\n## 并发与 goroutine\n- goroutine 必须有退出机制，使用 `context.Context` 控制生命周期\n- channel 使用完毕必须 `close`，避免 goroutine 泄漏\n- 使用 `sync.WaitGroup` 等待一组 goroutine 完成\n- 使用 `sync.Mutex` / `sync.RWMutex` 保护共享数据\n- 优先使用 channel 通信，而非共享内存\n- 使用 `errgroup.Group` 管理一组可能出错的 goroutine\n\n## 接口设计\n- 接口小而精：通常 1-3 个方法，由使用方定义\n- 接受接口，返回结构体（依赖倒置）\n- 使用组合（embedding）而非继承\n\n## 资源管理\n- 使用 `defer` 确保资源释放（文件、锁、连接）\n- `defer` 按 LIFO 顺序执行，注意多个 defer 的顺序\n- HTTP Response Body 必须 `defer resp.Body.Close()`\n\n## 项目结构\n- 遵循 Standard Go Project Layout\n- `cmd/`（入口）、`internal/`（私有）、`pkg/`（公共库）\n- 结构体字段使用 `json` tag 标注序列化名称\n- 配置使用 `viper` 或环境变量，不硬编码\n\n## 工具链\n- 使用 `go vet` + `golangci-lint` 进行静态分析\n- 使用 `go test -race` 检测数据竞争\n- 使用 `pprof` 进行性能分析\n- 使用 `go mod tidy` 清理无用依赖",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 28,
+      "condition": {
+        "filePattern": "**/*.go"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.179Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.179Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "golang",
+          "backend"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "56701799-513a-46ec-a9a4-9ccbdc085d6c",
+      "name": "输出语言为中文",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 语言要求\n\n<language_rules>\n- **全程使用中文**回答所有问题，包括思考过程、解释说明、代码注释\n- 变量名、函数名、类名等**标识符保持英文**（遵循编程命名规范）\n- 代码注释必须使用中文书写\n- Git 提交信息使用中文描述\n- 文档和 README 使用中文编写\n- 错误提示和用户提示信息使用中文\n</language_rules>\n\n## 格式规范\n\n<format_rules>\n- 中英文之间添加空格（如：使用 Vue 3 框架）\n- 数字与中文之间添加空格（如：共 3 个文件）\n- 专业术语首次出现时标注英文原文（如：组合式 API (Composition API)）\n- 代码块中的输出示例使用中文\n- 表格、列表等结构化内容使用中文标题\n</format_rules>\n\n## 禁止行为\n\n- ❌ 禁止使用英文回答问题\n- ❌ 禁止在注释中混用英文（专业术语除外）\n- ❌ 禁止在解释说明中突然切换为英文",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 29,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.179Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.179Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "language",
+          "chinese",
+          "i18n"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "7f2ac522-c738-4cc6-bb92-607775dc52ae",
+      "name": "学术论文写作规范",
+      "category": "rule",
+      "content": "## 格式要求\n\n### 论文结构\n- 标题 → 摘要 → 关键词 → 引言 → 文献综述 → 研究方法 → 结果分析 → 讨论 → 结论 → 参考文献 → 附录\n- 每个章节之间逻辑衔接自然，使用过渡句连接上下文\n- 摘要 300-500 字，包含研究目的、方法、主要发现和结论\n- 关键词 3-5 个，涵盖研究核心概念\n\n### 排版规范\n- 正文：宋体/Times New Roman，小四号（12pt），1.5 倍行距\n- 标题层级：一级标题黑体三号 → 二级标题黑体四号 → 三级标题黑体小四号\n- 段落首行缩进 2 字符，段前段后 0.5 行\n- 页边距：上 2.54cm / 下 2.54cm / 左 3.17cm / 右 3.17cm\n- 页码从正文开始，居中显示\n- 图表统一编号（如图 1、表 2），标题居中，图标题在下、表标题在上\n- 公式居中，编号右对齐\n\n## 查重规范\n\n### 重复率要求\n- 本科毕业论文：总重复率 ≤ 30%（部分院校要求 ≤ 20%）\n- 硕士学位论文：总重复率 ≤ 15%\n- 博士学位论文：总重复率 ≤ 10%\n- 期刊投稿：总重复率 ≤ 15%（核心期刊 ≤ 10%）\n\n### 降重技巧\n- **语序调整**：主动句与被动句互换，调整句子成分顺序\n- **同义替换**：使用同义词、近义词替换，但不改变原意\n- **概括改写**：将具体描述概括为抽象表述，用自己的话重新组织\n- **拆分合并**：长句拆为短句，或将短句合并为复合句\n- **增加论述**：在引用观点后加入自己的分析、评价和延伸\n- ❌ 禁止简单替换个别字词（如\"因此\"→\"所以\"），查重系统能识别\n- ❌ 禁止使用翻译法（中→英→中），表述生硬且可能曲解原意\n\n## 去 AI 化规范\n\n### 必须遵守\n- ❌ 禁止出现典型 AI 生成痕迹：\n  - \"首先...其次...最后...\"的机械排列\n  - \"值得注意的是\"、\"需要指出的是\"等套话高频出现\n  - \"综上所述\"在非结论部分反复使用\n  - 每段开头都用\"在...方面\"、\"从...角度\"的模板句式\n  - 过度使用\"本文\"、\"本研究\"作为主语\n- ✅ 使用自然、多样的表达方式：\n  - 变换句式结构：陈述句、反问句、设问句交替使用\n  - 融入个人研究视角和独立思考\n  - 使用领域专业术语，体现学科素养\n  - 段落长短错落有致，避免每段字数雷同\n  - 适当使用口语化学术表达（如\"不难发现\"、\"换言之\"）\n\n### AI 检测规避\n- 保持个人写作风格一致性（用词习惯、句式偏好）\n- 加入具体案例、数据、图表等实证内容（AI 难以伪造）\n- 融入对研究过程的真实描述（实验细节、调研经历）\n- 对他人观点进行批判性分析，而非简单罗列\n- 论文不同部分的文风应与内容匹配（引言偏叙述、方法偏客观、讨论偏思辨）\n\n## 文献引用规范\n\n### 文献真实性（最高优先级）\n- ⚠️ **所有引用的文献必须真实存在，可通过学术数据库检索到**\n- 引用前必须验证：作者、标题、期刊/出版社、年份、卷期页码均准确\n- 推荐验证渠道：Google Scholar、知网（CNKI）、万方、Web of Science、Scopus\n- ❌ 严禁编造虚假文献（捏造作者、杜撰期刊、伪造年份）\n- ❌ 严禁引用未读过的文献（二手引用需标注\"转引自\"）\n- 如无法找到原始文献，宁可删除引用也不要凭记忆补全信息\n\n### 引用格式\n- 中文论文：GB/T 7714 格式（如：[1] 张三. 标题[J]. 期刊名, 2024, 1(2): 10-20.）\n- 英文论文：APA 7th / IEEE / MLA 格式（根据目标期刊要求选择）\n- 正文引用与参考文献列表一一对应，不多不少\n- 引用数量建议：本科 15-30 篇，硕士 40-80 篇，博士 80-150 篇\n- 近 5 年文献占比 ≥ 50%，体现研究前沿性\n- 中英文文献比例合理（理工科英文 ≥ 60%）\n\n## 上下文连贯性\n\n### 全文一致性\n- 研究问题、方法、结果、结论之间逻辑链条完整\n- 摘要中的结论必须与正文结论一致\n- 引言提出的问题必须在结论中回应\n- 文献综述的内容必须与研究方法选择相关\n- 术语全文统一：同一概念不要交替使用不同名称\n\n### 段落衔接\n- 每段有明确的主题句（通常在段首）\n- 段与段之间使用过渡句或过渡词连接\n- 常用过渡逻辑：因果（因此）、转折（然而）、递进（此外）、对比（相比之下）\n- 避免突然跳转话题，新观点需有铺垫\n- 每章末尾可加小结，呼应章首并过渡到下一章\n\n### 语言风格一致\n- 全文保持同一人称视角（推荐第三人称或\"本文\"）\n- 时态一致：文献综述用过去时，研究方法用过去时，结论用现在时\n- 学术语体一致：不在严谨论述中突然出现口语化表达\n- 专业术语首次出现时给出定义或英文原文",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 30,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.180Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.180Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "paper",
+          "academic",
+          "writing"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "24533d75-cf0f-4ca5-9222-1d5aa7950bcb",
+      "name": "代码审查规范",
+      "category": "context",
+      "content": "## 代码结构\n- 函数长度不超过 50 行，文件不超过 300 行\n- 嵌套不超过 3 层，使用早返回（guard clause）减少嵌套\n- 单一职责：每个函数/类只做一件事\n- 避免上帝类（God Class）和上帝函数\n\n## 命名规范\n- 变量/函数：camelCase（如 `getUserById`）\n- 类/接口/类型：PascalCase（如 `UserService`）\n- 常量：UPPER_SNAKE_CASE（如 `MAX_RETRY_COUNT`）\n- 布尔变量：`is/has/should/can` 前缀\n- 命名必须语义清晰，禁止单字母变量（循环计数器除外）\n\n## 代码质量\n- 避免魔法数字，使用命名常量\n- 不要吞掉异常（空 catch），至少记录日志\n- 不要注释掉代码，直接删除（Git 有历史记录）\n- 注释说明 why 而非 what，使用中文注释\n- 删除未使用的导入、变量和代码（dead code）\n\n## 错误处理\n- 异常必须处理：捕获后记录日志或向上抛出\n- 使用自定义错误类型，携带错误码\n- 异步操作必须有超时和错误处理\n- 用户可见的错误信息使用中文，友好且有指导性\n\n## 安全检查\n- 用户输入必须校验（类型、长度、范围、格式）\n- SQL 使用参数化查询，禁止拼接\n- 敏感数据不在日志中输出",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 31,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.181Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.181Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "review",
+          "quality"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "b8e13b7a-86b9-4762-96b8-055785d9956a",
+      "name": "项目概述上下文",
+      "category": "context",
+      "content": "## 项目信息\n- **项目名称**：[填写项目名称]\n- **项目类型**：[Web 应用 / 桌面应用 / 移动应用 / 后端服务 / CLI 工具 / 浏览器扩展]\n- **主要语言**：[TypeScript / Python / Java / Go / C# / Dart / Rust]\n- **框架**：[Vue 3 / React / NestJS / Spring Boot / Flutter / Electron]\n- **包管理器**：[yarn / pnpm / npm / pip / gradle / cargo]\n- **Node.js 版本**：[18 LTS / 20 LTS / 22]\n\n## 目录结构\n```\nsrc/\n  components/    # UI 组件\n  composables/   # 可复用逻辑（Vue）/ hooks/（React）\n  services/      # API 调用和业务服务\n  stores/        # 状态管理（Pinia / Zustand）\n  types/         # TypeScript 类型定义\n  utils/         # 工具函数\n  assets/        # 静态资源（图片、字体、样式）\n  router/        # 路由配置\n  i18n/          # 国际化文件\npublic/          # 公共静态文件\n```\n\n## 开发约定\n- **代码风格**：ESLint + Prettier，提交前自动格式化\n- **分支策略**：Git Flow（main / develop / feature / fix / release）\n- **提交规范**：Conventional Commits（feat / fix / docs / refactor）\n- **部署方式**：[Docker / Vercel / Nginx / PM2]\n- **CI/CD**：[GitHub Actions / GitLab CI / Jenkins]\n\n## 关键依赖\n| 依赖 | 版本 | 用途 |\n|------|------|------|\n| [框架名] | ^x.y.z | [用途] |\n| [UI 库] | ^x.y.z | [用途] |\n| [状态管理] | ^x.y.z | [用途] |\n\n## 环境变量\n| 变量名 | 说明 | 示例 |\n|--------|------|------|\n| `VITE_API_URL` | API 地址 | `http://localhost:3000` |\n| `DATABASE_URL` | 数据库连接 | `postgresql://...` |\n\n## 注意事项\n- [填写项目特殊约定、已知限制、技术债务等]",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 32,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.181Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.181Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "context",
+          "project",
+          "overview"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "d4e81569-dff8-45d5-a4ac-20e3f9f11e9e",
+      "name": "调试排错上下文",
+      "category": "context",
+      "content": "## 调试原则\n- 先复现问题，记录复现步骤和环境信息\n- 从错误日志和堆栈信息入手，定位出错位置\n- 使用二分法缩小问题范围（注释代码 / `git bisect`）\n- 区分根本原因和表面症状，修复根因\n- 一次只改一个变量，验证后再改下一个\n- 不要猜测，用数据和日志证明假设\n\n## 常见问题排查清单\n\n### 编译 / 构建错误\n- 类型定义缺失或不匹配\n- 导入路径错误（相对路径 / 别名配置）\n- 依赖版本冲突（`yarn why <package>`）\n- tsconfig 配置问题（`moduleResolution`、`paths`）\n\n### 运行时错误\n- 空值访问：`TypeError: Cannot read property of undefined`\n- 异步时序：Promise 未 await、竞态条件\n- 数组越界 / 对象属性不存在\n- 循环引用导致栈溢出\n- 类型不匹配：字符串 vs 数字、JSON 解析失败\n\n### 样式问题\n- 选择器优先级：Specificity 计算、`!important` 覆盖\n- z-index 层级混乱：建立统一的 z-index 层级体系\n- Flex / Grid 布局：`flex-shrink`、`overflow`、`min-width: 0`\n- 响应式断点：移动端 viewport、媒体查询顺序\n\n### 性能问题\n- 前端：N 次不必要的重渲染（React DevTools Profiler）\n- 后端：N+1 查询（ORM 日志）、慢查询（`EXPLAIN ANALYZE`）\n- 内存泄漏：事件监听未清理、闭包引用大对象\n- 网络：请求瀑布流、缺少缓存策略\n\n### 网络问题\n- CORS：`Access-Control-Allow-Origin` 配置\n- 请求格式：`Content-Type` 不匹配\n- 认证：Token 过期 / 缺失、Cookie SameSite 策略\n- 超时：设置合理的 timeout 值、重试机制\n\n## 调试工具\n\n| 场景 | 工具 | 用途 |\n|------|------|------|\n| 前端 | Chrome DevTools | Network / Console / Performance / Memory |\n| 前端 | React / Vue DevTools | 组件树、状态、渲染次数 |\n| Node.js | `--inspect` | 断点调试（配合 Chrome DevTools） |\n| Node.js | `clinic.js` | 性能分析（CPU / 内存 / 事件循环） |\n| 数据库 | `EXPLAIN ANALYZE` | 查询执行计划分析 |\n| 网络 | Postman / cURL | API 请求调试 |\n| 日志 | `console.time()` | 简单计时 |\n\n## 日志调试技巧\n- 使用结构化日志：`console.log({ userId, action, result })`\n- 在关键分支添加标记日志：`[DEBUG] 进入分支 A`\n- 调试完毕后清理所有调试日志（或使用 DEBUG 环境变量控制）",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 33,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.182Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.182Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "context",
+          "debug",
+          "troubleshoot"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "36c3f159-6722-4570-89bd-cb9645e6ec77",
+      "name": "架构设计上下文",
+      "category": "context",
+      "content": "## SOLID 原则\n- **单一职责（SRP）**：每个模块/类只负责一件事\n- **开闭原则（OCP）**：对扩展开放，对修改关闭（策略模式、插件机制）\n- **里氏替换（LSP）**：子类可以替换父类而不破坏行为\n- **接口隔离（ISP）**：客户端不应被迫依赖不使用的接口\n- **依赖倒置（DIP）**：高层模块依赖抽象，不依赖具体实现\n\n## 分层架构\n\n```\n┌──────────────────┐\n│   表现层          │ ← UI 组件、页面路由、用户交互\n│   (Presentation)  │   Vue/React 组件、模板、样式\n├──────────────────┤\n│   业务逻辑层      │ ← Service、Store、Composable/Hook\n│   (Business)      │   业务规则、数据转换、状态管理\n├──────────────────┤\n│   数据访问层      │ ← Repository、API Client、ORM\n│   (Data Access)   │   接口调用、数据库操作、缓存\n├──────────────────┤\n│   基础设施层      │ ← 数据库、缓存、消息队列、文件存储\n│   (Infrastructure)│   第三方服务、系统配置\n└──────────────────┘\n```\n\n- 上层只依赖下层，禁止跨层调用和反向依赖\n- 每层通过接口（Interface）暴露能力，隐藏实现细节\n\n## 常用设计模式\n- **策略模式**：多种算法/行为可切换（如支付方式、认证方式）\n- **观察者模式**：事件驱动解耦（EventEmitter、Vue 的 watch）\n- **工厂模式**：根据条件创建不同实例\n- **适配器模式**：统一不同第三方服务的接口\n- **装饰器模式**：横切关注点（日志、缓存、权限检查）\n- **仓储模式**：抽象数据访问，隔离业务逻辑和存储细节\n\n## 设计决策记录（ADR）\n\n```markdown\n### ADR-001: [决策标题]\n- **状态**：已采纳 / 待评审 / 已废弃\n- **背景**：为什么需要这个决策\n- **决策**：选择了什么方案\n- **替代方案**：考虑过哪些其他方案\n- **后果**：这个决策带来的正面和负面影响\n```\n\n## 扩展性考量\n- 模块化：功能按领域拆分为独立模块\n- 插件化：核心功能之外的能力通过插件扩展\n- 配置驱动：行为差异通过配置而非代码分支控制\n- 向后兼容：API 变更使用版本化，数据迁移支持回滚",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 34,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.182Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.182Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "context",
+          "architecture",
+          "design"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "e1f03b36-532b-446e-b932-0e7d84b1a38b",
+      "name": "技术栈上下文",
+      "category": "context",
+      "content": "## 前端技术栈\n\n| 分类 | 技术 | 版本 | 说明 |\n|------|------|------|------|\n| 框架 | Vue 3 / React 19 | latest | Composition API / Hooks |\n| 语言 | TypeScript | ^5.x | 严格模式 |\n| 构建 | Vite | ^5.x / ^6.x | 开发服务器 + 生产构建 |\n| UI 库 | Ant Design Vue / shadcn/ui | latest | 主要组件库 |\n| 样式 | Tailwind CSS | ^3.x / ^4.x | 原子化 CSS |\n| 状态 | Pinia / Zustand | latest | 全局状态管理 |\n| 路由 | Vue Router / React Router | latest | SPA 路由 |\n| HTTP | Axios / ky / fetch | latest | API 请求 |\n| 图标 | Lucide Icons | latest | SVG 图标库 |\n| 表格 | VXE-Table / TanStack Table | latest | 高性能表格 |\n| 表单 | VeeValidate / React Hook Form | latest | 表单校验 |\n| 国际化 | vue-i18n / react-intl | latest | 多语言 |\n| 图表 | ECharts / D3.js | latest | 数据可视化 |\n\n## 后端技术栈\n\n| 分类 | 技术 | 版本 | 说明 |\n|------|------|------|------|\n| 运行时 | Node.js | 20 LTS / 22 | 服务端 JavaScript |\n| 框架 | Express / NestJS / Fastify | latest | Web 框架 |\n| 数据库 | PostgreSQL | 16 | 主数据库 |\n| 缓存 | Redis | 7 | 缓存 + 会话 + 消息队列 |\n| ORM | Prisma / TypeORM / Drizzle | latest | 数据库操作 |\n| 认证 | JWT + bcrypt / Passport | latest | 认证授权 |\n| 校验 | zod / class-validator | latest | 入参校验 |\n| 日志 | Winston / Pino | latest | 结构化日志 |\n| 队列 | BullMQ / RabbitMQ | latest | 异步任务 |\n\n## 工具链\n\n| 分类 | 技术 | 说明 |\n|------|------|------|\n| 包管理 | Yarn / pnpm | 依赖管理 |\n| 代码风格 | ESLint + Prettier | 检查 + 格式化 |\n| Git 钩子 | husky + lint-staged | 提交前检查 |\n| 提交规范 | commitlint | Conventional Commits |\n| 版本控制 | Git | 源码管理 |\n| CI/CD | GitHub Actions / GitLab CI | 自动化流水线 |\n| 容器化 | Docker + docker-compose | 开发 + 部署 |\n| 部署 | Nginx / Caddy | 反向代理 + 静态托管 |\n| 监控 | Prometheus + Grafana | 性能监控 |\n| E2E 测试 | Playwright | 端到端自动化测试 |",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 35,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.183Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.183Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "context",
+          "tech-stack",
+          "environment"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "c971ece6-d991-4cb0-a683-20dc116a97e7",
+      "name": "论文写作上下文",
+      "category": "context",
+      "content": "## 当前论文信息\n\n- **论文题目**：[填写题目]\n- **论文类型**：[本科毕业论文 / 硕士学位论文 / 博士学位论文 / 期刊论文 / 会议论文]\n- **所属学科**：[填写学科方向]\n- **目标期刊/学校**：[填写期刊名称或学校名称]\n- **字数要求**：[填写字数]\n- **查重要求**：[填写重复率上限，如 ≤ 20%]\n- **引用格式**：[GB/T 7714 / APA / IEEE / MLA]\n- **截止日期**：[填写日期]\n\n## 研究核心\n\n- **研究问题**：[核心研究问题是什么]\n- **研究假设**：[填写研究假设]\n- **研究方法**：[定性 / 定量 / 混合方法；实验 / 调查 / 案例分析等]\n- **核心论点**：[本文的中心论点]\n- **主要贡献**：[理论贡献 / 实践价值 / 创新点]\n\n## 章节进度\n\n| 章节 | 状态 | 字数 | 备注 |\n|------|------|------|------|\n| 摘要（中文） | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 摘要（英文） | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 第一章 引言 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 第二章 文献综述 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 第三章 研究方法 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 第四章 结果分析 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 第五章 讨论 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 第六章 结论 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n| 参考文献 | [未开始/进行中/已完成] | | |\n\n## 核心术语表\n\n> 保持全文术语统一，同一概念只用一个名称\n\n| 中文术语 | 英文术语 | 首次定义位置 | 说明 |\n|----------|----------|-------------|------|\n| [填写] | [填写] | 第X章 | [填写定义] |\n\n## 关键文献清单\n\n> 已核实真实存在的核心参考文献（写作前必须完成验证）\n\n| 序号 | 作者 | 标题 | 来源 | 年份 | 验证状态 |\n|------|------|------|------|------|----------|\n| 1 | [填写] | [填写] | [期刊/出版社] | [年份] | ✅已验证 |\n\n## 写作约束\n\n### 本论文特殊要求\n- [填写导师或目标期刊的特殊格式要求]\n- [填写禁止引用的文献范围，如：不引用非正式网络资源]\n- [填写特殊术语使用规范]\n\n### AI 辅助边界\n- ✅ 允许：润色语言表达、检查语法错误、格式排版建议\n- ✅ 允许：提供相关文献检索方向（但必须自行验证真实性）\n- ✅ 允许：提供论述思路和结构框架\n- ❌ 禁止：直接生成正文段落作为最终内容\n- ❌ 禁止：生成参考文献（必须自己查找并验证）\n- ❌ 禁止：编造实验数据、调研结果、案例信息\n\n## 上下文一致性检查清单\n\n在每次续写或修改前确认：\n\n- [ ] 当前写作的章节与研究问题保持关联\n- [ ] 使用的术语与术语表保持一致\n- [ ] 引用的文献均在关键文献清单中且已验证\n- [ ] 本段内容与上一段有逻辑衔接\n- [ ] 数据/结论与前文描述不矛盾\n- [ ] 写作风格与全文保持一致",
+      "enabled": false,
+      "priority": 36,
+      "metadata": {
+        "author": "user",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "createdAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.184Z",
+        "updatedAt": "2026-06-04T00:17:16.184Z",
+        "tags": [
+          "context",
+          "paper",
+          "academic",
+          "writing"
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "profiles": [
+    {
+      "id": "default",
+      "name": "默认",
+      "description": "默认配置集",
+      "ruleIds": [],
+      "isActive": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.cursorrules b/.cursorrules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d20f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cursorrules
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# ===== 燃尽模式规则 START =====
+# 最高优先级规则 - 必须严格遵守（Cursor 专用）
+
+⚠️⚠️⚠️ 每次回复结束前必须执行以下命令！没有任何例外！⚠️⚠️⚠️
+
+## 执行规则
+
+1. 完成任务后，执行弹窗命令（跨平台，Windows/Mac/Linux 通用）：
+node "/Users/freedak/.ranjin-mode/dialog-trigger.js" "cursor" "qlvw9j" "AI想要结束的原因摘要"
+
+   📱 **手机端通知**：执行此命令时会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启），用户可以在手机上查看消息并发送反馈。
+
+2. 仔细阅读命令输出的每一行：
+   - ACTION: continue 或 end（用户的选择）
+   - FEEDBACK: 用户输入的具体指令或反馈内容（⚠️ 必须完整阅读并执行！）
+     * 反馈可能来自电脑端弹窗或手机端远程输入
+   - IMAGES: 用户上传的图片路径（如有，必须用read_file工具查看）
+
+3. 根据输出决定下一步：
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "continue"：
+     * ⚠️ 必须仔细阅读 FEEDBACK 后面的全部内容
+     * ⚠️ 必须按照 FEEDBACK 中用户的具体指令执行任务
+     * ⚠️ 不要忽略 FEEDBACK，不要只说"用户选择继续"
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "end" 或 "stop"：停止工作
+   - ⚠️ 如果命令被取消/跳过/无输出：必须重新执行弹窗命令！
+
+## 核心规则
+
+1. 完整输出 - 输出完整代码和答案，禁止省略
+2. 持续执行 - 复杂任务一次性完成
+3. 结束确认 - 必须执行弹窗命令后才能结束
+4. FEEDBACK必读 - 用户的FEEDBACK是新的任务指令，必须执行
+
+## 手机端远程功能
+
+- 📱 当执行 dialog-trigger.js 命令时，会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启）
+- 📱 用户可以在手机浏览器中查看 AI 的消息和状态
+- 📱 用户可以在手机上输入反馈，反馈会通过 FEEDBACK 字段传递给你
+- 📱 手机端和电脑端弹窗功能完全同步，支持双向通信
+
+## ⚠️ 唯一合法的结束条件
+
+只有当命令输出包含 ACTION: end 或 ACTION: stop 时才能结束对话！
+以下情况都不能结束，必须重新执行弹窗命令：
+- 命令被用户点击 Skip 跳过
+- 命令执行失败或超时
+- 命令没有输出
+- 工作区取消了命令
+
+## 禁止
+
+- 禁止不执行弹窗命令就结束
+- 禁止跳过弹窗流程
+- 禁止忽略FEEDBACK内容
+- 禁止在没有收到 ACTION: end/stop 的情况下结束
+
+# ===== 燃尽模式规则 END =====
+
+# 最高优先级规则 - 必须严格遵守（Cursor 专用）
+
+⚠️⚠️⚠️ 每次回复结束前必须执行以下命令！没有任何例外！⚠️⚠️⚠️
+
+## 执行规则
+
+1. 完成任务后，执行弹窗命令（跨平台，Windows/Mac/Linux 通用）：
+node "/Users/freedak/.ranjin-mode/dialog-trigger.js" "cursor" "qlvw9j" "AI想要结束的原因摘要"
+
+   📱 **手机端通知**：执行此命令时会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启），用户可以在手机上查看消息并发送反馈。
+
+2. 仔细阅读命令输出的每一行：
+   - ACTION: continue 或 end（用户的选择）
+   - FEEDBACK: 用户输入的具体指令或反馈内容（⚠️ 必须完整阅读并执行！）
+     * 反馈可能来自电脑端弹窗或手机端远程输入
+   - IMAGES: 用户上传的图片路径（如有，必须用read_file工具查看）
+
+3. 根据输出决定下一步：
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "continue"：
+     * ⚠️ 必须仔细阅读 FEEDBACK 后面的全部内容
+     * ⚠️ 必须按照 FEEDBACK 中用户的具体指令执行任务
+     * ⚠️ 不要忽略 FEEDBACK，不要只说"用户选择继续"
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "end" 或 "stop"：停止工作
+   - ⚠️ 如果命令被取消/跳过/无输出：必须重新执行弹窗命令！
+
+## 核心规则
+
+1. 完整输出 - 输出完整代码和答案，禁止省略
+2. 持续执行 - 复杂任务一次性完成
+3. 结束确认 - 必须执行弹窗命令后才能结束
+4. FEEDBACK必读 - 用户的FEEDBACK是新的任务指令，必须执行
+
+## 手机端远程功能
+
+- 📱 当执行 dialog-trigger.js 命令时，会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启）
+- 📱 用户可以在手机浏览器中查看 AI 的消息和状态
+- 📱 用户可以在手机上输入反馈，反馈会通过 FEEDBACK 字段传递给你
+- 📱 手机端和电脑端弹窗功能完全同步，支持双向通信
+
+## ⚠️ 唯一合法的结束条件
+
+只有当命令输出包含 ACTION: end 或 ACTION: stop 时才能结束对话！
+以下情况都不能结束，必须重新执行弹窗命令：
+- 命令被用户点击 Skip 跳过
+- 命令执行失败或超时
+- 命令没有输出
+- 工作区取消了命令
+
+## 禁止
+
+- 禁止不执行弹窗命令就结束
+- 禁止跳过弹窗流程
+- 禁止忽略FEEDBACK内容
+- 禁止在没有收到 ACTION: end/stop 的情况下结束
diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed63a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# 应用配置
+APP_PORT=3000
+NODE_ENV=development
+
+# 持久化开关：true 时启用 PostgreSQL（TypeORM）持久化，否则各模块使用内存实现
+# （内存实现无需数据库，供测试与本地快速启动）。
+DB_ENABLED=false
+
+# 认证（JWT）：生产环境必须设置高强度 JWT_SECRET；未设置时回退到仅供本地开发的默认值。
+JWT_SECRET=college-ai-center-dev-secret-change-me
+JWT_EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS=7200
+
+# 跨域：前端联调来源；留空则放开（开发用）。生产应设为具体来源。
+# CORS_ORIGIN=http://localhost:3001
+
+# PostgreSQL 数据库连接（仅 DB_ENABLED=true 时使用）
+DB_HOST=localhost
+DB_PORT=5432
+DB_USERNAME=postgres
+DB_PASSWORD=postgres
+DB_DATABASE=college_ai_center
+# 是否自动同步数据库结构（仅开发环境使用，生产环境请使用迁移）
+DB_SYNCHRONIZE=false
+DB_LOGGING=false
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad43006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# compiled output
+/dist
+/node_modules
+/build
+
+# Logs
+logs
+*.log
+npm-debug.log*
+pnpm-debug.log*
+yarn-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store
+
+# Tests
+/coverage
+/.nyc_output
+
+# IDEs and editors
+/.idea
+.project
+.classpath
+.c9/
+*.launch
+.settings/
+*.sublime-workspace
+
+# IDE - VSCode
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json
+
+# Environment
+.env
+.env.local
+.env.*.local
+
+# temp
+/tmp
+*.tsbuildinfo
diff --git a/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/.config.kiro b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/.config.kiro
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80b9820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/.config.kiro
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"specId": "43719c76-463f-48fd-8ae8-911390815c6a", "workflowType": "requirements-first", "specType": "feature"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/design.md b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/design.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0651a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/design.md
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+# Design Document
+
+## Overview
+
+医科类高校 AI 学习中心系统是一个以"能力"为核心的 Web 平台，面向学生、导师与管理员三类角色，贯穿基础医学、临床医学、见习实习、住院医师培养全成长链。本设计文档描述系统的架构、组件、数据模型、错误处理与测试策略，对应需求文档中的 17 条需求。
+
+系统的两大架构支柱是：
+
+1. **能力图谱（Competency Graph）** —— 全系统共享的数据底座。所有模块产生的可计入能力的数据（学习成果、对练成绩、技能使用、协同评估）都映射到统一的能力标签上，使学生画像、职业规划等能在统一数据上聚合，避免模块孤岛。
+2. **技能能力中心（Skill Center）** —— 统一的 AI 能力技术底座。课程对练、研究资料查询等模块本质上是技能（Skill）的具体应用，它们复用同一套技能框架（输入规格、AI 处理逻辑、知识源绑定、输出格式、可信度标注规则）。
+
+此外，**AI 可信与可解释**与**数据安全与合规**作为两个横切关注点贯穿所有模块：任何 AI 输出都附带可信度标注与可追溯来源，任何受保护资源访问都经过合规模块的权限判定与审计。
+
+### 技术栈假设
+
+需求未指定技术栈，本设计采用以下技术栈作为假设（可在实现阶段调整）：
+
+- **前端**：React + TypeScript（学生端、导师端、管理端三套界面共用组件库）
+- **后端**：Node.js + TypeScript（NestJS 框架，模块化、依赖注入契合本系统的模块划分）
+- **数据库**：PostgreSQL（关系型主存储，含 JSONB 字段存储画像维度、技能定义等半结构化数据）
+- **图/标签存储**：能力图谱的标签体系与映射关系存于 PostgreSQL（可演进至专用图数据库）
+- **缓存**：Redis（画像聚合结果、能力概览等读多写少数据的缓存）
+- **AI 集成**：通过统一的 AI 网关（AI Gateway）封装大模型调用，所有调用强制经过可信度标注与来源绑定
+- **对象存储**：S3 兼容存储（学习成果附件）
+- **检索集成**：通过资料来源适配器（Reference Source Adapter）对接 PubMed/CNKI/万方/UpToDate/Cochrane 等外部数据库 API
+
+### 设计原则
+
+- **可信优先**：医学场景下 AI 幻觉风险高，所有 AI 输出绑定权威来源、附带可信度标注；无法溯源的输出一律标注为"未经核验"。
+- **合规默认**：敏感数据默认脱敏，画像跨用途使用必须有有效授权，所有敏感操作留审计日志。
+- **能力贯通**：所有模块通过能力标签写入能力图谱，形成统一数据底座。
+- **技能复用**：可复用 AI 能力统一抽象为技能，降低新增能力的成本。
+
+## Architecture
+
+### 系统分层架构
+
+```mermaid
+graph TB
+    subgraph Client["客户端层"]
+        StudentUI["学生端"]
+        MentorUI["导师端"]
+        AdminUI["管理端"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph Gateway["接入层"]
+        APIGW["API 网关 / 认证鉴权"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph CrossCutting["横切关注点"]
+        Compliance["合规模块<br/>Compliance_Module<br/>(权限/脱敏/授权/审计)"]
+        AITrust["AI 可信层<br/>(可信度标注/来源溯源)"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph Modules["业务模块层"]
+        LS["个人学习空间<br/>Learning_Space"]
+        AEE["AI 评估引擎<br/>AI_Evaluation_Engine"]
+        PE["课程对练引擎<br/>Practice_Engine"]
+        CDP["临床情景对话对练<br/>Clinical_Dialogue_Practice"]
+        PF["学生画像引擎<br/>Profile_Engine"]
+        CM["职业规划模块<br/>Career_Module"]
+        ACM["AI 协同能力培养<br/>AI_Collaboration_Module"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph Foundation["底座层"]
+        SC["技能能力中心<br/>Skill_Center"]
+        CG["能力图谱<br/>Competency_Graph"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph External["外部与基础设施"]
+        AIGW["AI 网关 (大模型)"]
+        AuthSrc["权威知识源"]
+        RefSrc["资料来源 (PubMed/CNKI/...)"]
+        DB[("PostgreSQL")]
+        Cache[("Redis")]
+        OSS[("对象存储")]
+    end
+
+    Client --> APIGW
+    APIGW --> Compliance
+    Compliance --> Modules
+    Modules --> SC
+    Modules --> CG
+    SC --> AIGW
+    AEE --> AIGW
+    CDP --> AIGW
+    SC --> AuthSrc
+    SC --> RefSrc
+    PE --> AuthSrc
+    Modules --> AITrust
+    AITrust --> AIGW
+    Modules --> DB
+    PF --> Cache
+    CG --> Cache
+    LS --> OSS
+```
+
+### 模块依赖关系
+
+```mermaid
+graph LR
+    LS["个人学习空间"] --> CG["能力图谱"]
+    LS --> AEE["AI评估引擎"]
+    PE["课程对练引擎"] --> SC["技能能力中心"]
+    PE --> CG
+    PE --> AEE
+    CDP["临床情景对话对练"] --> SC
+    CDP --> CG
+    RQS["研究资料查询技能"] --> SC
+    RQS --> CG
+    ACM["AI协同能力培养"] --> CG
+    PF["学生画像引擎"] --> CG
+    PF --> LS
+    CM["职业规划模块"] --> CG
+    CM --> PF
+    AEE --> AITrust["AI可信层"]
+    SC --> AITrust
+    PF --> Compliance["合规模块"]
+    CM --> Compliance
+```
+
+关键说明：
+- **能力图谱**是被依赖最多的底座，几乎所有业务模块都向它写入或从它读取能力数据。
+- **技能能力中心**是课程对练、临床对话对练、研究查询技能的共同底座。
+- **学生画像引擎**依赖能力图谱（能力数据）与个人学习空间（成果来源）。
+- **职业规划模块**依赖能力图谱（能力水平对照）与学生画像。
+
+## Components and Interfaces
+
+### 1. 个人学习空间（Learning_Space）
+
+**职责**：汇聚、归档、检索学生的学习成果；触发 AI 评价与能力标签关联。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 1。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface LearningSpaceService {
+  // 需求1.1, 1.6, 1.9: 新增成果（含元数据与字段校验）
+  addAchievement(studentId: string, input: AchievementInput): Result<Achievement, ValidationError>;
+  // 需求1.5: 分页+筛选查询（按时间倒序，每页≤50）
+  listAchievements(studentId: string, filter: AchievementFilter, page: Pagination): Page<Achievement>;
+  // 需求1.4: 标记里程碑并关联成果
+  markMilestone(studentId: string, milestone: MilestoneInput): Milestone;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 保存成功后（需求 1.3）按学年、学期自动归档；若成果含临床轮转科室信息（需求 1.8）额外按科室归档。
+- 保存成功后（需求 1.7）调用能力图谱进行能力标签关联；若无法匹配任何已定义标签（需求 1.10），标记为"待关联能力标签"并提示。
+- 必填元数据缺失（需求 1.6）或标题超 200 字符/时间无效（需求 1.9）时拒绝保存且不创建任何记录（事务回滚）。
+- 成功保存后异步触发 `AI_Evaluation_Engine` 生成形成性评价（需求 2.1）。
+
+### 2. AI 评估引擎（AI_Evaluation_Engine）
+
+**职责**：对学习成果生成形成性评价，对里程碑生成终结性评价，对对练报告生成改进建议。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 2、需求 4.7-4.8。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface AIEvaluationEngine {
+  // 需求2.1: 形成性评价（30秒内）
+  generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement: Achievement): Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>;
+  // 需求2.2, 2.7: 终结性评价（节点内须有成果）
+  generateSummativeEvaluation(milestone: Milestone, achievements: Achievement[]): Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>;
+  // 需求4.7-4.8: 对练薄弱环节改进建议
+  generateImprovementSuggestions(report: PracticeReport): Suggestion[];
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 每条评价附带可信度标注，列出至少一条依据的学习成果或权威知识源（需求 2.3）；每条发展建议引用至少一个能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+- 内容信息不足时中止生成、保留数据不变并提示缺失内容类别（需求 2.5）。
+- 生成失败或超时时中止、保留数据不变并提示失败（需求 2.6）。
+- 通过 AI 可信层统一附加可信度标注（需求 16）。
+
+### 3. 课程对练引擎（Practice_Engine）
+
+**职责**：基于课程内容生成题目（绑定权威知识源），经导师审核后供学生对练，并生成结果诊断报告。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 3、需求 4。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface PracticeEngine {
+  // 需求3.1: 生成题目（30秒内，5-50道）
+  generateQuestions(courseId: string, studentId: string): Result<Question[], GenerationError>;
+  // 需求3.5, 3.6: 导师审核流转
+  reviewQuestion(questionId: string, decision: ReviewDecision, reason?: string): Question;
+  // 需求4: 对练会话
+  startPractice(studentId: string, questionSetId: string): PracticeSession;
+  submitAnswer(sessionId: string, questionId: string, answer: Answer): AnswerResult;
+  finishPractice(sessionId: string): PracticeReport;
+}
+```
+
+**题目状态机**：
+```mermaid
+stateDiagram-v2
+    [*] --> 待导师审核: 生成成功
+    [*] --> 已拒绝: 无法绑定权威知识源(3.8)
+    待导师审核 --> 可用于对练: 导师通过(3.6)
+    待导师审核 --> 已退回: 导师退回(3.5)
+    已退回 --> 待导师审核: 修订后重新提交
+    可用于对练 --> [*]
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 每道题目绑定至少一个权威知识源并记录引用标识（需求 3.2）；无法绑定时不进入审核并记录原因（需求 3.8）。
+- 支持 A1/A2/A3/A4、病例分析、临床决策题型（需求 3.3）。
+- 课程内容不足以生成最少题量时中止并提示（需求 3.7）。
+- 对练逐题呈现并采集作答（需求 4.1-4.2），单题超 120 秒未作答判错并继续（需求 4.4）。
+- 报告含正确率、用时、薄弱环节（正确率<60% 的能力标签，需求 4.5），并按能力标签映射能力图谱（需求 4.6）。
+
+### 4. 临床情景对话对练（Clinical_Dialogue_Practice）
+
+**职责**：基于权威知识源呈现临床情景，进行多轮模拟问诊对话，生成多维评估报告。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 5。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface ClinicalDialoguePractice {
+  // 需求5.1, 5.5: 发起对练（10秒内呈现情景，须绑定权威知识源）
+  startDialogue(studentId: string, scenarioId: string): Result<DialogueSession, NoSourceError>;
+  // 需求5.2: 多轮对话（最多50轮）
+  sendTurn(sessionId: string, studentInput: string): DialogueTurn;
+  // 需求5.3, 5.6: 结束并生成报告（30秒内，三维度）
+  finishDialogue(sessionId: string): Result<DialogueReport, ReportError>;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 未绑定权威知识源时阻止启动、不创建对话记录并提示（需求 5.5）。
+- 报告含问诊完整性、临床推理、医患沟通三个评估方面（需求 5.3），结果映射能力图谱（需求 5.4）。
+- 报告生成失败或超时时中止、保留对话记录并提示（需求 5.6）。
+
+### 5. 学生画像引擎（Profile_Engine）
+
+**职责**：基于学习空间与能力图谱数据生成多维度画像；标记敏感字段，遵循数据最小化。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 6、需求 7（与合规模块协作）。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface ProfileEngine {
+  // 需求6.1, 6.5: 生成/更新画像（5秒内，数据不足维度标记）
+  generateProfile(studentId: string): Result<StudentProfile, ProfileError>;
+  // 需求6.4: 画像结论可追溯
+  getProfileTraceability(studentId: string, dimensionId: string): TraceabilityRecord[];
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 六个画像维度均以 0-100 量化分值呈现（需求 6.2）：知识掌握、临床技能、科研能力、人文素养、AI 协同素养、职业倾向。
+- 能力图谱更新后 10 秒内完成数据同步（需求 6.3）；每项结论可追溯至少一条来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+- 数据不足以刻画某维度时标记"数据不足"并保留其余维度（需求 6.5）。
+- 仅采集与至少一个画像维度直接相关的字段（需求 7.7，数据最小化）。
+
+### 6. 职业规划模块（Career_Module）
+
+**职责**：设定职业目标、关联岗位胜任力模型、对照能力图谱生成动态闭环发展规划。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 8、需求 9。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface CareerModule {
+  // 需求8.1, 8.4, 8.5: 设定目标并关联胜任力模型（3秒内）
+  setCareerGoal(studentId: string, goal: CareerGoal): Result<CompetencyModel, GoalError>;
+  // 需求9: 生成/更新发展规划
+  generateDevelopmentPlan(studentId: string, goalId: string): Result<DevelopmentPlan, PlanError>;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 岗位胜任力模型参照权威医学胜任力框架，含科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养四维度（需求 8.2），每维度至少 3 个能力标签（需求 8.3）。
+- 无匹配模型时提示并推荐至少 3 个相近目标（需求 8.4）。
+- 逐项对照能力图谱能力水平与要求水平，标记能力差距项（含缺数据项，需求 9.1）；每差距项生成≥1 建议行动（需求 9.2）、推荐≥1 学习资源或对练任务（需求 9.3）、引用对应能力标签（需求 9.4）。
+- 能力图谱更新后再次请求时重算全部差距项（需求 9.5，动态闭环）。
+- 未选目标/模型不可用时拒绝并提示、保留能力图谱数据（需求 9.6）；差距项无对应资源时保留并标注暂无推荐（需求 9.7）。
+
+### 7. 研究资料查询技能（Research_Query_Skill，建立于 Skill_Center 之上）
+
+**职责**：自然语言转检索式、检索筛选、总结、证据分级、引用管理。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 10、需求 11。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface ResearchQuerySkill {
+  // 需求10.1, 10.6: NL→检索式(PICO/MeSH，10秒内，1-2000字符)
+  generateSearchQuery(studentId: string, question: string): Result<SearchQuery, QuestionError>;
+  // 需求10.2, 10.7, 10.8: 检索（30秒内，分页≤50，空结果/源不可用处理）
+  search(query: SearchQuery, sources: ReferenceSource[], page: Pagination): Result<Page<ReferenceItem>, SourceError>;
+  // 需求11.1, 11.6: 生成总结（30秒内，每结论附引用）
+  summarize(items: ReferenceItem[]): Result<Summary, SummaryError>;
+  // 需求11.3, 11.7: 生成/导出引用
+  generateCitation(items: ReferenceItem[], format: CitationFormat): Result<Citation[], CitationError>;
+  exportCitations(citations: Citation[], target: ExportTarget): Result<ExportFile, ExportError>;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 检索结果每条仅含检索信息、摘要、原文链接，不存储或分发受版权保护全文（需求 10.4，版权安全）。
+- 总结每条结论附≥1 来源引用（需求 11.1）；每条资料标注唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+- 无法溯源的结论标注"未验证"且不作为引用输出（需求 11.4）。
+- 支持 Vancouver/GB-T 7714 格式，导出 EndNote/NoteExpress（需求 11.3）。
+- 呈现总结时提示"仅辅助，不替代阅读原文"（需求 11.5）。
+
+### 8. AI 协同能力培养模块（AI_Collaboration_Module）
+
+**职责**：提供协同训练任务，评估四维协同能力，写入能力图谱，支持导师点评。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 12。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface AICollaborationModule {
+  // 需求12.1: 提供协同训练任务（四维度各≥1）
+  listTrainingTasks(dimension?: CollaborationDimension): TrainingTask[];
+  // 需求12.2, 12.6, 12.7: 完成任务并评估（30秒内，0-100，失败/数据不足处理）
+  evaluateTask(studentId: string, taskId: string, submission: TaskSubmission): Result<CollaborationAssessment, AssessmentError>;
+  // 需求12.5: 导师点评
+  addMentorComment(taskId: string, mentorId: string, comment: string): MentorComment;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 四维度：提问能力、批判性验证、责任边界意识、协同工作流（需求 12.2）。
+- 学生直接采用未核验 AI 输出时提示并要求来源核验，且计入批判性验证维度（需求 12.3）。
+- 评估结果映射能力图谱并计入画像与胜任力对照（需求 12.4）。
+
+### 9. 技能能力中心（Skill_Center，底座）
+
+**职责**：定义、治理、调用可复用 AI 技能；统一技能框架与可信度标注。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 13。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface SkillCenter {
+  // 需求13.6, 13.7: 配置/启用/审计技能定义
+  upsertSkillDefinition(actor: User, def: SkillDefinition): Result<SkillDefinition, DefinitionError>;
+  enableSkill(actor: User, skillId: string): Skill;
+  // 需求13.3, 13.4, 13.5: 调用技能（30秒内，输入校验，失败处理）
+  invokeSkill(studentId: string, skillId: string, input: SkillInput): Result<SkillOutput, InvocationError>;
+  // 需求13.9: 序列化往返
+  serialize(def: SkillDefinition): string;
+  deserialize(raw: string): SkillDefinition;
+}
+```
+
+**技能定义结构（需求 13.2 五要素）**：
+```typescript
+interface SkillDefinition {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  inputSpec: InputSpec;              // 输入规格
+  processingLogic: ProcessingLogic;  // AI 处理逻辑说明
+  knowledgeSources: SourceBinding[]; // 知识源绑定
+  outputFormat: OutputFormat;        // 输出格式
+  credibilityRule: CredibilityRule;  // 可信度标注规则
+  enabled: boolean;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 技能库至少含 8 个技能：资料查询、检索式生成、文献综述、病例分析、鉴别诊断辅助、医患沟通模拟、医学翻译、引用生成（需求 13.1）。
+- 调用前校验输入符合 inputSpec，不符则拒绝（需求 13.4）；知识源不可用或处理失败时终止、不返回结果与标注、提示失败（需求 13.5）。
+- 仅成功调用完成才写入能力图谱（需求 13.8）。
+- **序列化往返一致性**（需求 13.9）：`deserialize(serialize(def))` 等价于 `def`，这是核心属性测试点。
+
+### 10. 能力图谱（Competency_Graph，底座）
+
+**职责**：维护统一能力标签体系；接收各模块能力数据映射；聚合能力概览。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 14。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface CompetencyGraph {
+  // 需求14.1: 维护统一标签体系
+  listTags(): CompetencyTag[];
+  // 需求14.2, 14.3: 映射数据（1-10标签，5秒内，未定义标签拒绝）
+  mapData(source: ModuleSource, data: CompetencyData, tagIds: string[]): Result<Mapping, UndefinedTagError>;
+  // 需求14.4, 14.5: 聚合能力概览（5秒内，0-100，数据不足标记）
+  getCompetencyOverview(studentId: string): CompetencyOverview;
+}
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 每个能力标签有唯一标识与所属能力维度（需求 14.1）。
+- 映射 1-10 个已定义标签（需求 14.2）；引用未定义标签时拒绝、不创建记录、记录原因并提示（需求 14.3）。
+- 能力概览按维度以 0-100 量化分值返回（需求 14.4）；数据不足维度标记"数据不足"并保留其余（需求 14.5）。
+
+### 11. 合规模块（Compliance_Module，横切）
+
+**职责**：权限分级、敏感字段脱敏、画像授权校验、审计日志。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 7、需求 15.4、需求 17。
+
+**关键接口**：
+```typescript
+interface ComplianceModule {
+  // 需求17.1, 17.2, 17.3: 权限判定
+  checkAccess(user: User, resource: ProtectedResource, action: Action): AccessDecision;
+  // 需求7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5: 画像授权与脱敏
+  resolveProfileView(viewer: User, profile: StudentProfile): StudentProfileView;
+  verifyConsent(studentId: string, purpose: Purpose): ConsentVerification;
+  revokeConsent(studentId: string, consentId: string): void;
+  // 需求17.4, 7.6: 审计日志
+  writeAuditLog(entry: AuditLogEntry): void;
+}
+```
+
+**授权与脱敏流程**：
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[访问学生画像] --> B{访问者是学生本人?}
+    B -->|是| C[返回完整画像]
+    B -->|否| D{持有有效知情同意授权?}
+    D -->|否| E[拒绝完整画像访问 7.2<br/>对未授权敏感字段脱敏 7.5]
+    D -->|是, 范围覆盖用途| F[校验授权有效期/范围/用途 7.3]
+    F -->|通过| G[按授权范围返回字段]
+    F -->|不通过| E
+    C --> H[写审计日志 7.6]
+    E --> H
+    G --> H
+```
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 敏感字段：身份标识、联系方式、健康与医疗记录、心理测评结果、生物特征数据（需求 7.1）。
+- 授权须仍在有效期内且范围与用途覆盖该用途（需求 7.3）；不满足时阻止使用、保持数据不被使用并提示（需求 7.4）。
+- 学生撤销授权后立即失效，此后按未授权处理（需求 7.8）。
+- 脱敏 2 秒内、仅返回已授权字段（需求 7.5）；审计日志 5 秒内记录、保留≥12 个月（需求 7.6）。
+- 权限范围列出可访问资源类型与允许操作类型（需求 17.1）；越权访问拒绝并记录（需求 17.3）。
+
+### 12. 导师端（Mentor 视图，跨模块）
+
+**职责**：题目审核、成果点评、查看带教学生画像。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 15。
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 题目审核通过/退回并在退回时记录原因（需求 15.1，复用 Practice_Engine 审核接口）。
+- 成果点评关联到学习成果并对学生可见（需求 15.2）。
+- 存在带教关系时允许查看所带学生画像（需求 15.3）；查看非所带学生画像时合规模块拒绝并记录越权尝试（需求 15.4）。
+
+### 13. AI 可信层（横切）
+
+**职责**：为所有 AI 输出统一附加可信度标注与来源溯源。
+
+**对应需求**：需求 16。
+
+**设计要点**：
+- 任意 AI 评价/建议/总结附带可信度标注（需求 16.1），含≥1 来源与 0%-100% 置信度（需求 16.2）。
+- 请求查看依据时 3 秒内展示可追溯来源条目及引用标识（需求 16.3）。
+- 无法溯源的输出标注"未经核验"并在呈现时一并显示（需求 16.4）。
+
+## Data Models
+
+### 核心实体关系
+
+```mermaid
+erDiagram
+    Student ||--o{ Achievement : owns
+    Student ||--|| StudentProfile : has
+    Student ||--o{ Milestone : reaches
+    Student ||--o{ ConsentRecord : grants
+    Achievement }o--o{ CompetencyTag : "mapped to"
+    Milestone ||--o{ Achievement : groups
+    CompetencyTag }o--|| CompetencyDimension : "belongs to"
+    CompetencyModel ||--o{ CompetencyTag : requires
+    CareerGoal ||--|| CompetencyModel : maps
+    DevelopmentPlan ||--o{ CompetencyGap : contains
+    SkillDefinition ||--o{ SourceBinding : binds
+    Question }o--|| AuthoritativeSource : "bound to"
+    PracticeReport }o--o{ CompetencyTag : "scored on"
+    AuditLogEntry }o--|| Student : about
+    StudentProfile ||--o{ ProfileDimensionScore : contains
+```
+
+### 关键数据结构
+
+```typescript
+// 学习成果（需求1）
+interface Achievement {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  type: AchievementType;        // 需求1.2 枚举
+  title: string;                // ≤200字符 (需求1.9)
+  occurredAt: Date;             // 有效日期 (需求1.9)
+  academicYear: string;         // 归档维度 (需求1.3)
+  semester: string;             // 归档维度 (需求1.3)
+  rotationDept?: string;        // 临床轮转科室 (需求1.8)
+  attachments: AttachmentRef[];
+  competencyTagIds: string[];   // 关联标签 (需求1.7)
+  pendingTagAssociation: boolean; // 待关联 (需求1.10)
+}
+
+// 能力标签与维度（需求14）
+interface CompetencyTag {
+  id: string;                   // 唯一标识 (需求14.1)
+  name: string;
+  dimensionId: string;          // 所属维度 (需求14.1)
+}
+
+// 学生画像（需求6,7）
+interface StudentProfile {
+  studentId: string;
+  dimensions: ProfileDimensionScore[]; // 六维度，0-100 (需求6.2)
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+interface ProfileDimensionScore {
+  dimension: ProfileDimension;
+  score: number | 'insufficient_data'; // 数据不足 (需求6.5)
+  traceability: TraceabilityRecord[];   // 可追溯 (需求6.4)
+  sensitive: boolean;                    // 敏感标记 (需求7.1)
+}
+
+// 知情同意授权（需求7）
+interface ConsentRecord {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  scope: string[];              // 授权范围 (需求7.3)
+  purpose: Purpose;             // 授权用途 (需求7.3)
+  validFrom: Date;
+  validUntil: Date;             // 有效期 (需求7.3)
+  revoked: boolean;             // 撤销 (需求7.8)
+}
+
+// 可信度标注（需求16）
+interface CredibilityAnnotation {
+  sources: SourceRef[];         // ≥1 来源 (需求16.2)
+  confidence: number;           // 0-100 (需求16.2)
+  verified: boolean;            // false => "未经核验" (需求16.4)
+}
+
+// 审计日志（需求7.6, 17.4）
+interface AuditLogEntry {
+  actorId: string;              // 操作者
+  timestamp: Date;              // 时间
+  action: Action;               // 操作类型
+  resourceScope: string;        // 数据范围
+  outcome: 'allow' | 'deny';
+  reason?: string;              // 拒绝原因 (需求17.3)
+  // 保留≥12个月 (需求7.6)
+}
+```
+
+## Error Handling
+
+系统采用统一的 `Result<T, E>` 返回模式，区分正常路径与错误路径，并遵循以下原则：
+
+| 场景 | 处理策略 | 对应需求 |
+|------|----------|----------|
+| 输入校验失败（缺字段/超长/无效日期） | 拒绝操作、不创建记录（事务回滚）、返回指明问题的提示 | 1.6, 1.9, 13.4 |
+| AI 生成失败或超时 | 中止生成、保留触发数据不变、返回失败提示 | 2.6, 5.6, 11.6, 12.6 |
+| 内容/数据信息不足 | 标记"数据不足"或"信息不足"、保留其余结果、提示缺失类别 | 2.5, 6.5, 12.7, 14.5 |
+| 无法绑定权威知识源 | 不进入审核/不启动、记录原因或提示 | 3.8, 5.5 |
+| 资料来源不可用 | 中止检索、保留检索式、提示来源不可用 | 10.8 |
+| 检索无匹配 | 返回空结果列表并提示 | 10.7 |
+| 无法溯源 | 标注"未验证"/"未经核验"、不作为引用输出 | 11.4, 16.4 |
+| 无有效授权 | 阻止使用、保持数据不被使用、提示缺少授权 | 7.4 |
+| 越权访问 | 拒绝访问、保持资源不被访问、记录拒绝事件 | 9.6, 15.4, 17.3 |
+| 系统错误（如目标关联失败） | 返回错误提示、保留已有数据 | 8.5, 9.6 |
+
+**核心错误处理不变量**：任何错误路径都不得使触发数据进入不一致状态（要么完整成功，要么完整回滚保留原状）。
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+### 测试层次
+
+1. **单元测试**：各模块接口的正常路径与错误路径，覆盖每条验收标准。
+2. **集成测试**：跨模块流程，重点验证能力图谱作为底座的数据贯通（学习成果→标签→画像→职业规划）。
+3. **属性测试（Property-Based Testing）**：针对可形式化为不变量的核心正确性属性。
+4. **合规与安全测试**：权限矩阵、脱敏、授权生命周期、审计完整性。
+
+测试数据与模拟说明：
+
+- AI 网关在测试中以可控的 mock 替代，便于模拟生成成功、失败、超时、无法溯源等场景。
+- 资料来源适配器以 mock 模拟外部数据库的可用、不可用、空结果等状态。
+- 属性测试使用生成器构造任意有效的技能定义、能力数据、授权记录等输入。
+
+## Correctness Properties
+
+以下属性应对任意有效输入成立，作为属性测试（Property-Based Testing）的基础：
+
+### Property 1: 技能定义序列化往返一致性
+对任意有效的 `SkillDefinition def`，有 `deserialize(serialize(def))` 等价于 `def`。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 13.9**
+
+### Property 2: 能力标签映射有效性
+对任意提交的能力数据与标签集合，映射成功 ⟺ 所有标签均为已定义标签，且映射后标签数量在 1 到 10 之间；引用未定义标签时必然拒绝且不创建任何映射记录。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 14.2, 14.3**
+
+### Property 3: 画像维度分值有界性
+对任意学生数据生成的画像与能力概览，每个维度的输出要么是 0 到 100 之间的数值，要么是"数据不足"标记，不存在其他取值。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 6.2, 14.4**
+
+### Property 4: 授权强制不变量
+对任意非本人访问者与任意画像使用用途，仅当存在一条有效期内、范围与用途均覆盖的未撤销授权时，才允许完整访问/使用；授权撤销后任何后续访问都按未授权处理。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.8**
+
+### Property 5: 引用可追溯不变量
+对任意生成的总结，作为引用输出的每条结论都必然可追溯到至少一条来源条目；无法溯源的结论必然被标注为"未验证/未经核验"且不出现在引用输出中。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 11.1, 11.4, 16.4**
+
+### Property 6: 权限判定一致性
+对任意（用户角色，资源，操作）三元组，访问被允许 ⟺ 该操作在该角色的权限范围内；越权访问必然被拒绝并产生一条拒绝审计记录。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 17.2, 17.3**
+
+### Property 7: 错误路径数据保全
+对任意触发错误路径的操作，操作前后触发数据保持不变（不产生部分写入）。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 1.6, 1.9, 2.6, 5.6, 8.5**
+
+### Property 8: 分页边界不变量
+对任意查询与分页参数，返回的单页结果数量不超过 50 条。
+
+**Validates: Requirements 1.5, 10.2**
+
+## Design Decisions and Rationale
+
+1. **以能力图谱为统一底座**：医学教育成长链长、模块多，若各模块各自存储能力数据会形成孤岛。统一标签体系让画像与职业规划能在一致数据上聚合，也使"对照胜任力模型"有共同语言。代价是所有模块需遵循标签映射契约（需求 14.3 的拒绝机制保障了契约一致性）。
+
+2. **技能能力中心作为 AI 能力底座**：课程对练、研究查询本质都是"绑定知识源的 AI 调用 + 可信度标注"。抽象为统一技能框架降低新增能力成本，并使可信度标注、知识源绑定、治理审计得以统一实现。序列化往返一致性（需求 13.9）保障技能定义可安全持久化与迁移。
+
+3. **AI 可信层作为横切关注点**：医学场景幻觉风险高，将"可信度标注 + 来源溯源 + 未经核验标记"统一到一层，避免各模块各自实现导致遗漏，确保需求 16 在全系统一致生效。
+
+4. **合规默认、授权可生命周期管理**：画像含敏感健康数据，采用"默认脱敏 + 用途化授权 + 撤销即时失效 + 全审计"模型，满足知情同意与数据最小化要求，并通过授权强制不变量（属性 4）可测试地保障。
+
+5. **统一 Result 错误模型与数据保全不变量**：所有错误路径保证数据不进入部分写入状态（属性 7），契合医学数据对一致性的高要求。
diff --git a/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/requirements.md b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/requirements.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29ae09d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/requirements.md
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+# Requirements Document
+
+## Introduction
+
+医科类高校 AI 学习中心系统（以下简称"本系统"）面向医学院校的学生、导师与管理员，提供一个以"能力"为核心、贯穿基础医学、临床医学、见习实习、住院医师培养全成长链的智能学习平台。系统将学生在校学习内容汇聚到个人学习空间，由 AI 进行过程性与终结性评价并给出发展建议；以"课程对练"与"临床情景对话对练"对学生进行模拟训练与诊断；基于学习数据形成可授权使用的学生画像；支持学生设定职业目标并对照岗位胜任力模型获得动态闭环的发展规划；提供研究资料检索、总结与引用管理等可复用 AI 技能；并系统性培养医学生与 AI 负责任协作的能力。
+
+系统的关键设计是引入统一的**能力图谱（Competency Graph）**作为各模块共享的数据底座：学习成果、对练成绩、技能使用与协同能力评估均映射到统一的能力标签上，使各模块真正打通而非彼此孤立。**技能能力中心（Skill Center）**作为统一技术底座，课程对练与研究资料查询等本质上是技能的具体应用。鉴于医学内容的高准确性与合规要求，系统将 **AI 可信与可解释**、**数据安全与合规**作为贯穿全局的横切关注点。
+
+本文档仅描述系统"做什么"（需求），不涉及"怎么做"（实现方案保留至设计阶段）。
+
+## Glossary
+
+- **本系统（AI_Learning_Center）**：医科类高校 AI 学习中心系统整体。
+- **学生（Student）**：使用本系统进行学习、训练与科研的医学院校在校学生。
+- **导师（Mentor）**：负责审核题目、点评成果、查看所带学生画像与协同质量的教师或临床带教教师。
+- **管理员（Administrator）**：负责系统配置、技能治理、权限与合规管理的运营人员。
+- **个人学习空间（Learning_Space）**：汇聚单个学生在校学习内容的功能模块。
+- **学习成果（Achievement）**：学生在学习空间中新增的一条学习内容记录，包含类型、时间、标题、附件与元数据。
+- **成果类型（Achievement_Type）**：学习成果的分类，至少包括课程记录、作业、实验报告、临床见习与实习记录、OSCE 技能考核、文献阅读、科研成果、证书与执业资格考试备考记录。
+- **里程碑（Milestone）**：表示学生成长链上某一阶段节点（如完成某学期、完成某轮转科室）的标记。
+- **形成性评价（Formative_Evaluation）**：在学习过程中针对单条成果或阶段给出的过程性反馈。
+- **终结性评价（Summative_Evaluation）**：在阶段结束时对该阶段整体进行的总结性画像评价。
+- **AI评估引擎（AI_Evaluation_Engine）**：对学习成果、对练结果等进行评价并生成发展建议的 AI 组件。
+- **课程对练引擎（Practice_Engine）**：将课程内容整理为练习题、与学生进行模拟对练并对结果进行分析的功能模块。
+- **题目（Question）**：用于对练的练习题，题型包括 A1/A2/A3/A4 型选择题、病例分析题与临床决策题。
+- **临床情景对话对练（Clinical_Dialogue_Practice）**：以模拟问诊等临床情景与学生进行多轮对话训练的功能。
+- **权威知识源（Authoritative_Source）**：经认证的教材、临床指南、官方题库等可信内容来源。
+- **学生画像引擎（Profile_Engine）**：基于学习空间与能力图谱数据生成学生画像的功能模块。
+- **学生画像（Student_Profile）**：对学生能力、特长与发展倾向的结构化刻画，含敏感数据。
+- **画像维度（Profile_Dimension）**：学生画像的能力维度，至少包括知识掌握、临床技能、科研能力、人文素养、AI 协同素养与职业倾向。
+- **职业规划模块（Career_Module）**：支持学生设定职业目标、分解岗位胜任力并生成发展规划的功能模块。
+- **岗位胜任力模型（Competency_Model）**：描述某一医学岗位所需能力的结构化模型，参照权威医学胜任力框架（如临床医学本科毕业生胜任力的科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养四个维度）。
+- **研究资料查询技能（Research_Query_Skill）**：辅助学生检索、筛选、总结与引用医学研究资料的 AI 技能。
+- **检索式（Search_Query）**：用于在资料来源中检索的专业查询表达式，支持 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词。
+- **资料来源（Reference_Source）**：医学文献与数据库，如 PubMed、CNKI、万方、UpToDate、Cochrane 等。
+- **证据分级（Evidence_Level）**：对一条资料证据强度的标注。
+- **引用（Citation）**：按规范格式（如 Vancouver、GB/T 7714）生成、可导出至 EndNote/NoteExpress 的文献引用。
+- **AI协同能力培养模块（AI_Collaboration_Module）**：系统性培养学生与 AI 负责任协作能力的功能模块。
+- **协同能力维度（Collaboration_Dimension）**：协同能力的评估维度，包括提问能力、批判性验证、责任边界意识与协同工作流。
+- **技能能力中心（Skill_Center）**：提供可复用 AI 技能、并对技能进行统一定义与治理的功能模块。
+- **技能（Skill）**：一个可复用的 AI 能力单元，具备统一框架（输入规格、AI 处理逻辑、知识源绑定、输出格式、可信度标注规则）。
+- **技能定义（Skill_Definition）**：描述一个技能配置的结构化数据。
+- **能力图谱（Competency_Graph）**：连接各模块的统一能力标签体系与数据底座。
+- **能力标签（Competency_Tag）**：能力图谱中表示一项具体能力的标识。
+- **合规模块（Compliance_Module）**：负责权限分级、敏感数据脱敏、画像授权与审计日志的功能模块。
+- **可信度标注（Credibility_Annotation）**：AI 输出附带的来源依据、置信度与可追溯信息。
+
+## Requirements
+
+### 需求 1：个人学习空间汇聚与归档
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望将贯穿成长链的学习内容汇聚到一个个人空间并自动归档，以便集中管理我的学习成果。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生新增一条学习成果时，个人学习空间应将该学习成果保存、归属到该学生账户，并在保存成功后向该学生返回保存成功的确认。
+2. 个人学习空间应支持的成果类型至少包括课程记录、作业、实验报告、临床见习与实习记录、OSCE 技能考核、文献阅读、科研成果、证书与执业资格考试备考记录。
+3. 当一条学习成果被成功保存时，个人学习空间应按学年与学期对该学习成果进行归档。
+4. 当学生完成一个里程碑节点时，个人学习空间应在成长链上标记该里程碑并关联该节点内的学习成果。
+5. 当学生请求查看个人学习空间时，个人学习空间应按学习成果的时间字段倒序展示该学生的学习成果，支持按成果类型、学年、学期与临床轮转科室进行筛选，并以每页最多 50 条对结果进行分页展示。
+6. 如果学生提交的学习成果缺少必填元数据（成果类型、时间、标题中的任一项），则个人学习空间应拒绝保存该学习成果、不创建任何记录，并返回指明全部缺失字段的提示信息。
+7. 当一条学习成果被成功保存时，个人学习空间应将该学习成果关联到能力图谱中的至少一个能力标签。
+8. 当一条包含临床轮转科室信息的学习成果被成功保存时，个人学习空间应额外按临床轮转科室对该学习成果进行归档。
+9. 如果学生提交的学习成果的标题超过 200 个字符，或其时间不是有效日期，则个人学习空间应拒绝保存该学习成果、不创建任何记录，并返回指明无效字段的提示信息。
+10. 如果一条已成功保存的学习成果无法匹配到能力图谱中任何已定义的能力标签，则个人学习空间应将该学习成果标记为"待关联能力标签"，并提示学生补充能力标签关联。
+
+### 需求 2：AI 形成性与终结性评价及发展建议
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望 AI 在我新增成果时给出过程性反馈、在阶段结束时给出总结性画像，以便明确改进方向。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当一条学习成果被成功保存时，AI评估引擎应在 30 秒内生成针对该学习成果的形成性评价与发展建议。
+2. 当学生完成一个里程碑节点且该节点内存在至少一条学习成果时，AI评估引擎应基于该节点内的全部学习成果生成终结性评价。
+3. AI评估引擎生成的每条评价应包含可信度标注，且该可信度标注应列出该评价所依据的至少一条学习成果或权威知识源。
+4. AI评估引擎生成的每条发展建议应引用能力图谱中的至少一个能力标签，以指明该建议对应的能力维度。
+5. 如果某条学习成果缺少 AI 评价所需的内容信息，则 AI评估引擎应中止本次评价生成、保留该学习成果数据不变，并返回表明信息不足无法评价的提示且说明缺失的内容类别。
+6. 如果 AI评估引擎在生成形成性评价、终结性评价或发展建议过程中失败或超出生成时限，则 AI评估引擎应中止本次生成、保留触发评价的学习成果数据不变，并返回表明评价生成失败的提示。
+7. 如果学生完成的里程碑节点内不存在任何学习成果，则 AI评估引擎应跳过终结性评价生成并返回表明该节点无可评价学习成果的提示。
+
+### 需求 3：课程对练题目生成与权威性保障
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望 AI 将课程整理为练习题供我练习，并由导师把关准确性，以便巩固课程知识。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生选择一门课程发起对练时，课程对练引擎应在 30 秒内基于该课程内容生成 5 至 50 道练习题。
+2. 课程对练引擎生成的每道题目应绑定至少一个权威知识源，并记录该权威知识源的引用标识。
+3. 课程对练引擎应支持生成以下题型：A1 型、A2 型、A3 型、A4 型选择题、病例分析题与临床决策题。
+4. 当课程对练引擎生成一道题目时，课程对练引擎应将该题目置于"待导师审核"状态，且在该题目通过导师审核前不向学生发布该题目。
+5. 如果一道题目未通过导师审核，则课程对练引擎应将该题目置于"已退回"状态、阻止该题目进入对练，并记录该次退回的原因。
+6. 当一道题目通过导师审核时，课程对练引擎应将该题目置于"可用于对练"状态并允许该题目进入对练。
+7. 如果课程对练引擎无法基于所选课程内容生成练习题，则课程对练引擎应中止本次生成、不创建任何题目，并向该学生返回表明无法生成练习题的提示。
+8. 如果课程对练引擎无法为一道生成的题目绑定任何权威知识源，则课程对练引擎应不发布该题目、不将其置于"待导师审核"状态，并记录该题目缺少权威知识源的原因。
+
+### 需求 4：模拟对练与结果诊断
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望与 AI 进行模拟对练并获得结果分析，以便了解自己的薄弱环节。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生开始一次对练时，课程对练引擎应按顺序逐题向该学生呈现题目，且单次对练包含的题目数量应为 1 至 50 道。
+2. 当课程对练引擎呈现一道题目时，课程对练引擎应采集该学生针对该题目的作答。
+3. 当学生提交一道题目的作答时，课程对练引擎应在 3 秒内根据该题目的标准答案将该作答判定为正确或错误。
+4. 如果学生在单题作答时限 120 秒内未提交作答，那么课程对练引擎应将该题判定为错误、停止采集该题作答并继续呈现下一道题目。
+5. 当一次对练结束时，课程对练引擎应生成对练报告，且该报告应包含取值范围为 0% 至 100% 的正确率、以秒为单位的总用时，以及薄弱环节列表（薄弱环节定义为该次对练中正确率低于 60% 的能力标签）。
+6. 当一次对练报告生成时，课程对练引擎应在 5 秒内将该次对练成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱。
+7. 当一次对练报告生成时，AI评估引擎应针对该报告中的每个薄弱环节生成改进建议。
+8. 当 AI评估引擎生成一条改进建议时，AI评估引擎应为该改进建议附带取值范围为 0% 至 100% 的可信度标注。
+
+### 需求 5：临床情景对话对练（模拟问诊）
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望与 AI 进行模拟问诊等临床情景多轮对话训练，以便锻炼临床沟通与决策能力。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生发起一次临床情景对话对练时，临床情景对话对练应在 10 秒内基于绑定的至少一个权威知识源呈现一个临床情景。
+2. 在临床情景对话对练进行期间，临床情景对话对练应以设定的对话角色应答学生，支持学生进行最多 50 轮提问与应答，并在每一轮结束后记录该轮的学生输入与系统应答内容。
+3. 当一次临床情景对话对练结束时，临床情景对话对练应在 30 秒内生成包含问诊完整性、临床推理与医患沟通三个评估方面的对练报告。
+4. 当一次临床情景对话对练报告生成时，临床情景对话对练应将该次结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱。
+5. 如果学生发起的临床情景对话对练未绑定任何权威知识源，则临床情景对话对练应阻止该次对练启动、不创建对话记录，并返回表明缺少权威知识源无法启动的提示。
+6. 如果临床情景对话对练在生成对练报告过程中失败或超出 30 秒生成时限，则临床情景对话对练应中止本次报告生成、保留该次对话记录不变，并返回表明报告生成失败的提示。
+
+### 需求 6：学生画像生成与能力维度刻画
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望系统基于我的学习数据形成多维度学生画像，以便为我的就业与发展提供数据支持。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生首次访问学生画像，或个人学习空间内容或能力图谱数据发生更新时，学生画像引擎应在5秒内基于个人学习空间内容与能力图谱数据生成学生画像。
+2. 学生画像应针对每个画像维度以0到100的量化分值呈现学生能力分布，画像维度至少包括知识掌握、临床技能、科研能力、人文素养、AI 协同素养与职业倾向共六个维度。
+3. 当学生的能力图谱数据发生更新时，学生画像引擎应在数据更新后10秒内完成数据同步，并在下一次画像访问时反映更新后的数据。
+4. 学生画像引擎生成的每项画像结论应可追溯到生成该结论所依据的至少一条学习成果或对练数据记录。
+5. 如果个人学习空间内容或能力图谱数据缺失或不足以刻画某一画像维度，则学生画像引擎应将该维度标记为"数据不足"状态，保留其余维度的画像结论，并向学生呈现指示数据不足的提示。
+
+### 需求 7：学生画像数据隐私与合规
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望我的画像数据受到隐私保护并由我授权使用，以便我的敏感信息不被滥用。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 学生画像引擎应将学生画像中的身份标识、联系方式、健康与医疗记录、心理测评结果与生物特征数据标记为敏感字段。
+2. 如果访问者不是学生本人且不持有该学生仍在有效期内的知情同意授权，则合规模块应拒绝其访问该学生的完整学生画像。
+3. 当画像被用于学生本人之外的用途时，合规模块应校验存在一条仍在有效期内、且授权范围与用途均覆盖该用途的知情同意授权记录。
+4. 如果不存在满足该用途的有效知情同意授权记录，则合规模块应阻止该次画像使用、保持画像数据不被使用，并返回表明缺少有效授权的提示。
+5. 当导师或管理员访问学生画像时，合规模块应在 2 秒内对未获授权的敏感字段进行脱敏处理，并仅返回已获授权的字段。
+6. 当任意角色访问或导出学生画像时，合规模块应在 5 秒内记录包含访问者身份、时间、字段范围与用途的审计日志，且该审计日志的保留期限不少于 12 个月。
+7. 学生画像引擎应仅采集与至少一个画像维度直接相关的数据字段，不采集与任一画像维度无关的字段。
+8. 当学生撤销一项知情同意授权时，合规模块应使该授权立即失效，并在此后对相关用途按未授权处理。
+
+### 需求 8：职业目标设定与岗位胜任力分解
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望设定职业目标并查看对应岗位胜任力模型，以便明确努力方向。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生设定一个职业目标时，职业规划模块应在3秒内将该职业目标关联到对应的岗位胜任力模型，并向学生展示该模型。
+2. 岗位胜任力模型应参照权威医学胜任力框架，且至少包含科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养四个能力维度。
+3. 职业规划模块应将岗位胜任力模型分解为可对照的能力标签集合，且每个能力维度至少包含3个能力标签。
+4. 如果学生设定的职业目标没有匹配的岗位胜任力模型，则职业规划模块应提示该目标暂不支持，并推荐至少3个相近的可选目标。
+5. 如果将职业目标关联到岗位胜任力模型的过程发生系统错误，则职业规划模块应向学生显示指示关联失败的错误提示，并保留学生已设定的职业目标。
+
+### 需求 9：胜任力对照与动态闭环发展规划
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望将我的能力与目标岗位胜任力对照并获得可随能力变化更新的发展规划，以便持续弥补能力差距。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生请求生成发展规划时，职业规划模块应将该学生能力图谱中的每一项能力水平与目标岗位胜任力模型中对应的要求水平逐项对照，并将学生水平低于要求水平的能力项标记为能力差距项；对于学生能力图谱中缺少数据的能力项，应将其一并标记为能力差距项。
+2. 职业规划模块应在发展规划中为每个能力差距项生成至少一项建议行动，且每项建议行动应标明该差距项的目标能力水平。
+3. 职业规划模块生成的发展规划应为每个能力差距项推荐能力图谱中对应的至少一项学习资源或对练任务。
+4. 职业规划模块生成的发展规划应为每个能力差距项引用能力图谱中对应的能力标签，以标明该项规划对应的能力维度。
+5. 当学生的能力图谱数据发生更新后，且学生再次请求生成发展规划时，职业规划模块应基于更新后的能力水平重新计算全部能力差距项并生成更新后的发展规划。
+6. 如果学生在请求生成发展规划时未选择目标岗位，或目标岗位胜任力模型不可用，则职业规划模块应拒绝生成发展规划，向学生返回指明缺少目标岗位胜任力模型的错误提示，并保留该学生已有的能力图谱数据不变。
+7. 如果某个能力差距项在能力图谱中不存在对应的学习资源或对练任务，则职业规划模块应在发展规划中保留该能力差距项并标注其暂无可推荐的学习资源或对练任务。
+
+### 需求 10：研究资料检索与检索式生成
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望用自然语言描述研究问题并由 AI 生成专业检索式进行检索与筛选，以便高效获取医学研究资料。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生以自然语言提交一个研究问题时，研究资料查询技能应在 10 秒内将该研究问题转换为包含 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词的检索式，且该研究问题的长度应为 1 至 2000 个字符。
+2. 当学生确认一个检索式时，研究资料查询技能应在 30 秒内在指定的资料来源范围内检索相关资料，并以每页最多 50 条对结果列表进行分页返回。
+3. 研究资料查询技能应支持学生按发表时间、来源类型与相关度对检索结果进行筛选。
+4. 研究资料查询技能返回的每条资料应仅包含检索信息、摘要与指向原文的链接，且不存储或分发受版权保护的全文。
+5. 当一次查询完成时，研究资料查询技能应在 5 秒内将该次查询使用情况按能力标签映射到能力图谱。
+6. 如果学生提交的研究问题为空、超过 2000 个字符或不包含任何可识别的医学要素，则研究资料查询技能应拒绝生成检索式并返回指明问题的提示。
+7. 如果一个检索式在指定资料来源范围内未匹配到任何资料，则研究资料查询技能应返回空结果列表并提示未找到匹配资料。
+8. 如果指定的资料来源全部不可用，则研究资料查询技能应中止本次检索、保留该检索式不变，并返回表明资料来源不可用的提示。
+
+### 需求 11：研究资料总结、证据分级与引用管理
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望 AI 对检索结果进行可追溯的总结与证据分级，并按规范格式生成可导出的引用，以便支持课题研究与论文写作。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当学生请求对检索结果生成资料总结时，研究资料查询技能应在 30 秒内生成资料总结，且生成的总结中的每条结论应附带至少一条指向其来源条目的引用。
+2. 当研究资料查询技能生成资料总结时，研究资料查询技能应为每条纳入总结的资料从预定义的证据分级等级集合中标注唯一的一个证据分级。
+3. 当学生选择 Vancouver 或 GB/T 7714 格式请求生成引用时，研究资料查询技能应按所选格式为选定资料生成引用，并支持将生成的引用导出为 EndNote 或 NoteExpress 可识别的格式。
+4. 如果研究资料查询技能无法将一条总结结论追溯到具体的资料来源，则该技能应将该结论标注为"未验证"且不得作为引用输出。
+5. 当研究资料查询技能向学生呈现资料总结时，本系统应向学生显示研究资料查询技能仅辅助检索与总结、不替代学生阅读原文的提示。
+6. 如果研究资料查询技能在生成资料总结过程中失败或超出 30 秒生成时限，则研究资料查询技能应中止本次总结生成、不输出任何结论，并返回表明总结生成失败的提示。
+7. 如果引用生成或导出过程失败，则研究资料查询技能应中止本次引用生成或导出、保留选定资料与已生成的引用不变，并返回表明引用生成或导出失败的提示。
+
+### 需求 12：AI 协同能力培养与评估
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望系统性地培养我与 AI 负责任协作的能力，以便在临床与科研中正确使用 AI。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. AI协同能力培养模块应为提问能力、批判性验证、责任边界意识与协同工作流四个协同能力维度各提供至少一个以真实任务为载体的协同训练任务。
+2. 当学生完成一个 AI 协同训练任务时，AI协同能力培养模块应在 30 秒内对该学生在提问能力、批判性验证、责任边界意识与协同工作流四个协同能力维度以 0 到 100 的分值进行评估。
+3. 如果学生在训练任务中直接采用未经来源核验的 AI 输出，则 AI协同能力培养模块应向该学生返回提示并要求其进行来源核验，且将该行为计入批判性验证维度的评估。
+4. 当一个协同能力评估结果生成时，AI协同能力培养模块应在 5 秒内将该评估结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱，使其计入学生画像与岗位胜任力对照。
+5. 当一个 AI 协同训练任务完成时，AI协同能力培养模块应允许导师对该学生的协同过程质量进行点评，并将点评对该学生可见。
+6. 如果 AI协同能力培养模块在生成协同能力评估过程中失败或超时，则该模块应中止本次评估、保留该训练任务记录不变，并返回表明评估生成失败的提示。
+7. 如果某一协同能力维度缺少足以评估的数据，则 AI协同能力培养模块应将该维度标记为"数据不足"，并保留其余维度的评估结果。
+
+### 需求 13：技能能力中心与技能治理
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望按需调用一系列可复用的 AI 技能，并希望这些技能可被教师治理，以便安全可靠地使用 AI 能力。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 技能能力中心应向学生提供一个可调用的技能库，且该技能库应至少包含资料查询、检索式生成、文献综述、病例分析、鉴别诊断辅助、医患沟通模拟、医学翻译与引用生成共 8 个技能。
+2. 每个技能定义应包含输入规格、AI 处理逻辑说明、知识源绑定、输出格式与可信度标注规则五个组成部分。
+3. 当学生以符合输入规格的输入调用一个已启用的技能时，技能能力中心应在 30 秒内按该技能定义的输出格式返回结果，并附带符合该技能可信度标注规则的可信度标注。
+4. 如果学生调用技能的输入不符合该技能定义的输入规格，则技能能力中心应拒绝本次调用并返回指明输入问题的提示。
+5. 如果一个技能在调用过程中其绑定知识源不可用或处理失败，则技能能力中心应终止本次调用、不返回结果与可信度标注，并返回表明调用失败的提示。
+6. 在一个技能对学生开放之前，技能能力中心应要求该技能定义经管理员或导师配置并启用。
+7. 当管理员或导师新增、修改或启用一个技能定义时，技能能力中心应记录包含操作者身份、操作时间与变更内容的审计日志。
+8. 当任意技能被成功调用完成时，技能能力中心应将该次调用的使用数据按能力标签映射到能力图谱。
+9. 对于任意有效的技能定义，技能能力中心对其进行序列化保存再读取后，应得到与原技能定义等价的技能定义（往返一致性）。
+
+### 需求 14：能力图谱统一底座
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生，我希望各模块的数据通过统一的能力体系连接，以便我的学习、对练、技能使用与画像彼此打通。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 能力图谱应维护一套统一的能力标签体系，其中每个能力标签具有唯一标识与所属能力维度，供学习空间、课程对练、临床情景对话对练、研究技能、协同能力与职业规划共同引用。
+2. 当任意模块产生一条可计入能力的数据时，能力图谱应在 5 秒内将该数据映射到 1 至 10 个已定义的能力标签。
+3. 如果某模块提交的数据引用了能力图谱中未定义的能力标签，则能力图谱应拒绝该映射、不创建映射记录、记录拒绝原因，并向提交方返回表明能力标签未定义的提示。
+4. 当学生请求查看能力概览时，能力图谱应在 5 秒内聚合来自各模块的能力数据，并按能力维度以 0 到 100 的量化分值返回该学生的能力水平。
+5. 如果某一能力维度缺少足以计算能力水平的数据，则能力图谱应将该维度标记为"数据不足"，并保留其余维度的能力水平。
+
+### 需求 15：导师端与教学问责
+
+**用户故事：** 作为导师，我希望审核题目、点评学生成果并查看所带学生的画像，以便履行带教职责。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当导师审核一道题目时，导师端应允许该导师通过或退回该题目，并在退回时记录原因。
+2. 当导师对一条学习成果进行点评时，导师端应将点评内容关联到该学习成果并对该学生可见。
+3. 在导师与学生存在带教关系的情况下，导师端应允许该导师查看其所带学生的学生画像。
+4. 如果导师请求查看非其所带学生的画像，则合规模块应拒绝该请求并记录该次越权访问尝试。
+
+### 需求 16：AI 可信与可解释
+
+**用户故事：** 作为学生和导师，我希望 AI 的评价、建议与总结都给出依据，以便我能够信任并核验 AI 的输出。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 当本系统生成任意 AI 评价、建议或总结时，本系统应为该输出附带可信度标注。
+2. 可信度标注应包含 AI 输出所依据的至少一条来源以及该输出取值范围为 0% 至 100% 的置信度。
+3. 当用户请求查看某条 AI 输出的依据时，本系统应在 3 秒内展示该输出可追溯到的来源条目及其引用标识。
+4. 如果一条 AI 输出无法追溯到任何来源，则本系统应将该输出标注为"未经核验"，并在向用户呈现该输出时一并显示该标注。
+
+### 需求 17：权限分级与审计
+
+**用户故事：** 作为管理员，我希望系统按角色分级控制访问并保留审计日志，以便保障数据安全与合规。
+
+#### 验收标准（Acceptance Criteria）
+
+1. 合规模块应为学生、导师与管理员各自定义访问权限范围，且每个权限范围应列出可访问的资源类型与允许的操作类型。
+2. 当用户访问一项处于其角色权限范围内的受保护资源时，合规模块应允许该次访问。
+3. 如果用户访问超出其角色权限范围的资源，则合规模块应拒绝该次访问、保持该资源不被访问，并记录包含操作者、时间、资源标识与拒绝原因的事件。
+4. 当用户对敏感数据执行访问、导出或修改操作时，合规模块应在 5 秒内记录包含操作者、时间、操作类型与数据范围的审计日志。
diff --git a/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/tasks.md b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/tasks.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0163ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.kiro/specs/college-ai-center/tasks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# Implementation Plan
+
+## Overview
+
+本任务清单将设计转化为增量式编码任务。任务遵循测试驱动、底座先行的顺序：先建立能力图谱与技能能力中心两个底座及合规/可信横切层，再实现各业务模块，最后串联端到端流程。带 `*` 的任务为可选。
+
+## Tasks
+
+- [x] 1. 项目脚手架与共享基础设施
+  - 初始化 NestJS + TypeScript 后端工程与 PostgreSQL 连接，建立模块化目录结构
+  - 实现统一的 `Result<T, E>` 返回类型与错误基类（区分校验/生成/授权/系统错误）
+  - 配置测试框架（Jest）与属性测试库（fast-check），建立 mock AI 网关与 mock 资料来源适配器骨架
+  - _Requirements: 全局基础_
+
+- [x] 2. 能力图谱底座（Competency_Graph）
+- [x] 2.1 能力标签体系与数据模型
+  - 实现 `CompetencyTag`（唯一标识、所属维度）与 `CompetencyDimension` 模型及持久化
+  - 实现统一标签体系的维护与 `listTags()` 接口
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖标签定义与维度归属
+  - _Requirements: 14.1_
+
+- [x] 2.2 能力数据映射与校验
+  - 实现 `mapData()`：将模块数据映射到 1-10 个已定义标签（5 秒内）
+  - 实现未定义标签拒绝逻辑：拒绝映射、不创建记录、记录原因、返回提示
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 2（能力标签映射有效性）
+  - _Requirements: 14.2, 14.3_
+
+- [x] 2.3 能力概览聚合
+  - 实现 `getCompetencyOverview()`：按维度以 0-100 量化分值聚合（5 秒内）
+  - 实现数据不足维度标记"数据不足"并保留其余维度
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 3（画像维度分值有界性，能力概览部分）
+  - _Requirements: 14.4, 14.5_
+
+- [x] 3. 技能能力中心底座（Skill_Center）
+- [x] 3.1 技能定义模型与序列化
+  - 实现 `SkillDefinition` 五要素结构（输入规格、AI 处理逻辑、知识源绑定、输出格式、可信度标注规则）
+  - 实现 `serialize()` / `deserialize()`
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 1（技能定义序列化往返一致性）
+  - _Requirements: 13.2, 13.9_
+
+- [x] 3.2 技能治理：配置、启用与审计
+  - 实现 `upsertSkillDefinition()` 与 `enableSkill()`，限定管理员或导师操作
+  - 实现技能定义变更的审计日志记录（操作者、时间、变更内容）
+  - 初始化至少 8 个内置技能定义（资料查询、检索式生成、文献综述、病例分析、鉴别诊断辅助、医患沟通模拟、医学翻译、引用生成）
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖治理流程与技能库完整性
+  - _Requirements: 13.1, 13.6, 13.7_
+
+- [x] 3.3 技能调用与失败处理
+  - 实现 `invokeSkill()`：输入规格校验、按输出格式返回结果并附可信度标注（30 秒内）
+  - 实现输入不符规格的拒绝、知识源不可用或处理失败的终止（不返回结果与标注、提示失败）
+  - 仅成功调用完成才写入能力图谱
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖正常路径与各错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.8_
+
+- [x] 4. 横切层：合规模块与 AI 可信层
+- [x] 4.1 权限分级与访问判定
+  - 实现 `checkAccess()`：为学生/导师/管理员定义权限范围（可访问资源类型与允许操作类型）
+  - 实现范围内允许、越权拒绝并记录拒绝事件（操作者、时间、资源标识、拒绝原因）
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 6（权限判定一致性）
+  - _Requirements: 17.1, 17.2, 17.3_
+
+- [x] 4.2 知情同意授权与画像脱敏
+  - 实现 `ConsentRecord` 模型（范围、用途、有效期、撤销）与 `verifyConsent()` / `revokeConsent()`
+  - 实现 `resolveProfileView()`：非本人无有效授权时拒绝完整画像、对未授权敏感字段脱敏（2 秒内，仅返回已授权字段）
+  - 实现授权撤销即时失效、此后按未授权处理
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 4（授权强制不变量）
+  - _Requirements: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.8_
+
+- [x] 4.3 审计日志
+  - 实现 `writeAuditLog()`：敏感数据访问/导出/修改记录（操作者、时间、操作类型、数据范围，5 秒内），保留≥12 个月
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖审计字段完整性与保留策略
+  - _Requirements: 7.6, 17.4_
+
+- [x] 4.4 AI 可信层
+  - 实现统一可信度标注封装：为 AI 输出附带≥1 来源与 0%-100% 置信度
+  - 实现依据查看（3 秒内展示可追溯来源条目及引用标识）与无法溯源时标注"未经核验"
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖可信度标注与未经核验标记
+  - _Requirements: 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4_
+
+- [x] 5. 个人学习空间（Learning_Space）
+- [x] 5.1 学习成果模型与新增校验
+  - 实现 `Achievement` 模型与成果类型枚举
+  - 实现 `addAchievement()`：必填元数据校验、标题≤200 字符与时间有效性校验，失败时拒绝且不创建记录
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 7（错误路径数据保全，学习成果部分）
+  - _Requirements: 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.9_
+
+- [x] 5.2 自动归档与里程碑
+  - 实现保存成功后按学年、学期归档；含临床轮转科室信息时额外按科室归档
+  - 实现 `markMilestone()`：标记里程碑并关联节点内成果
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖归档维度与里程碑关联
+  - _Requirements: 1.3, 1.4, 1.8_
+
+- [x] 5.3 成果检索与能力标签关联
+  - 实现 `listAchievements()`：按时间倒序、支持按成果类型/学年/学期/轮转科室筛选、每页≤50 分页
+  - 实现保存成功后关联能力图谱标签；无匹配标签时标记"待关联能力标签"并提示
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 8（分页边界不变量，学习空间部分）
+  - _Requirements: 1.5, 1.7, 1.10_
+
+- [x] 6. AI 评估引擎（AI_Evaluation_Engine）
+- [x] 6.1 形成性与终结性评价
+  - 实现 `generateFormativeEvaluation()`（30 秒内）与 `generateSummativeEvaluation()`（节点须有成果）
+  - 实现评价附带可信度标注（≥1 依据来源）与发展建议引用≥1 能力标签
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖评价生成与标注
+  - _Requirements: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7_
+
+- [x] 6.2 评价错误路径
+  - 实现信息不足时中止、保留数据、提示缺失类别
+  - 实现生成失败或超时时中止、保留数据、提示失败
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖错误路径（验证 Property 7 相关部分）
+  - _Requirements: 2.5, 2.6_
+
+- [x] 7. 课程对练引擎（Practice_Engine）
+- [x] 7.1 题目生成与权威源绑定
+  - 实现 `generateQuestions()`：基于课程内容生成 5-50 道题（30 秒内），支持 A1/A2/A3/A4/病例分析/临床决策题型
+  - 实现每题绑定≥1 权威知识源并记录引用标识；无法绑定时不进入审核并记录原因
+  - 实现课程内容不足时中止并提示
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖生成、题型、绑定与错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.7, 3.8_
+
+- [x] 7.2 题目审核状态机
+  - 实现题目状态流转（待导师审核→可用于对练/已退回），审核前不向学生发布
+  - 实现导师通过/退回（退回记录原因）
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖状态机与导师审核
+  - _Requirements: 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 15.1_
+
+- [x] 7.3 模拟对练与结果诊断
+  - 实现 `startPractice()` / `submitAnswer()` / `finishPractice()`：逐题呈现采集作答、3 秒内判定正误、单题超 120 秒判错并继续
+  - 实现对练报告（正确率、用时、薄弱环节=正确率<60% 的能力标签）并按能力标签映射能力图谱
+  - 实现 AI 评估引擎对每个薄弱环节生成改进建议并附可信度标注
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖对练流程、报告与映射
+  - _Requirements: 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8_
+
+- [x] 8. 临床情景对话对练（Clinical_Dialogue_Practice）
+  - 实现 `startDialogue()`：基于绑定权威知识源 10 秒内呈现情景；未绑定时阻止启动、不创建记录、提示
+  - 实现 `sendTurn()` 多轮对话（最多 50 轮）并逐轮记录学生输入与系统应答
+  - 实现 `finishDialogue()`：30 秒内生成含问诊完整性/临床推理/医患沟通三维报告并映射能力图谱；失败或超时时中止、保留对话记录、提示
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖发起、多轮、报告与错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6_
+
+- [x] 9. 学生画像引擎（Profile_Engine）
+  - 实现 `generateProfile()`：基于学习空间与能力图谱生成六维度画像（0-100，5 秒内）
+  - 实现能力图谱更新后 10 秒内同步、每项结论可追溯≥1 来源记录
+  - 实现数据不足维度标记"数据不足"并保留其余；敏感字段标记；仅采集与维度直接相关字段（数据最小化）
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 3（画像维度分值有界性，画像部分）
+  - _Requirements: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.7_
+
+- [x] 10. 职业规划模块（Career_Module）
+- [x] 10.1 职业目标与胜任力模型
+  - 实现 `setCareerGoal()`：3 秒内关联岗位胜任力模型并展示
+  - 实现胜任力模型四维度（科学与学术/临床能力/健康与社会/职业素养），每维度≥3 能力标签
+  - 实现无匹配模型时提示并推荐≥3 相近目标；关联系统错误时提示并保留已设目标
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖目标设定与错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5_
+
+- [x] 10.2 动态闭环发展规划
+  - 实现 `generateDevelopmentPlan()`：逐项对照能力水平与要求、标记能力差距项（含缺数据项）
+  - 实现每差距项≥1 建议行动（标明目标水平）、推荐≥1 学习资源或对练任务、引用对应能力标签
+  - 实现能力图谱更新后再次请求时重算全部差距项；未选目标/模型不可用时拒绝并保留数据；差距项无资源时保留并标注暂无推荐
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖对照、规划生成、动态更新与错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7_
+
+- [x] 11. 研究资料查询技能（Research_Query_Skill）
+- [x] 11.1 检索式生成与检索
+  - 实现 `generateSearchQuery()`：NL→PICO/MeSH 检索式（10 秒内，问题 1-2000 字符）
+  - 实现 `search()`：指定来源 30 秒内检索、每页≤50 分页；空结果返回空列表并提示；来源全不可用时中止、保留检索式、提示
+  - 实现问题为空/超长/无医学要素时拒绝生成并提示
+  - 实现结果每条仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接（不存储分发全文）、查询完成 5 秒内映射能力图谱
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖检索式、检索、筛选与错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8_
+
+- [x] 11.2 总结、证据分级与引用管理
+  - 实现 `summarize()`：30 秒内生成总结，每条结论附≥1 来源引用，每条资料标注唯一证据分级
+  - 实现无法溯源结论标注"未验证"且不作为引用输出；呈现总结时显示"仅辅助不替代阅读原文"提示
+  - 实现 `generateCitation()` / `exportCitations()`：Vancouver/GB-T 7714 格式、导出 EndNote/NoteExpress；生成或导出失败时中止、保留数据、提示
+  - 编写属性测试验证 Property 5（引用可追溯不变量）
+  - _Requirements: 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7_
+
+- [x] 12. AI 协同能力培养模块（AI_Collaboration_Module）
+  - 实现协同训练任务（提问能力/批判性验证/责任边界意识/协同工作流四维度各≥1）
+  - 实现 `evaluateTask()`：30 秒内四维度 0-100 评估；直接采用未核验 AI 输出时提示并要求核验、计入批判性验证；评估结果 5 秒内映射能力图谱计入画像与胜任力对照
+  - 实现导师点评（对学生可见）；评估失败或超时时中止、保留记录、提示；维度数据不足时标记"数据不足"并保留其余
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖任务、评估、点评与错误路径
+  - _Requirements: 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7_
+
+- [x] 13. 导师端集成
+  - 集成题目审核（复用 7.2）、成果点评（关联学习成果并对学生可见）
+  - 实现带教关系校验：允许查看所带学生画像；查看非所带学生画像时合规模块拒绝并记录越权尝试
+  - 编写单元测试覆盖点评与带教关系访问控制
+  - _Requirements: 15.2, 15.3, 15.4_
+
+- [x] 14. 端到端集成与贯通验证
+  - 串联学习成果→能力标签→画像→职业规划的数据贯通流程并编写集成测试
+  - 串联技能调用（课程对练/研究查询）→能力图谱→画像的贯通流程并编写集成测试
+  - 验证全系统 AI 输出均经 AI 可信层、敏感资源访问均经合规模块
+  - 运行全部属性测试（Property 1-8）确认核心不变量成立
+  - _Requirements: 2.4, 4.6, 5.4, 9.1, 12.4, 14.1, 16.1, 17.2_
+
+- [x] 15. 三端前端界面（可选）
+  - 实现学生端（学习空间、对练、画像、职业规划、研究查询、协同训练）核心界面
+  - 实现导师端（题目审核、成果点评、带教学生画像）与管理端（技能治理、权限与合规管理）核心界面
+  - _Requirements: 全部用户故事的界面呈现_
+
+## Task Dependency Graph
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    T1["1. 脚手架与基础设施"]
+    T2["2. 能力图谱底座"]
+    T3["3. 技能能力中心底座"]
+    T4["4. 合规与AI可信横切层"]
+    T5["5. 个人学习空间"]
+    T6["6. AI评估引擎"]
+    T7["7. 课程对练引擎"]
+    T8["8. 临床情景对话对练"]
+    T9["9. 学生画像引擎"]
+    T10["10. 职业规划模块"]
+    T11["11. 研究资料查询技能"]
+    T12["12. AI协同能力培养"]
+    T13["13. 导师端集成"]
+    T14["14. 端到端集成"]
+    T15["15*. 三端前端界面"]
+
+    T1 --> T2
+    T1 --> T3
+    T1 --> T4
+    T2 --> T5
+    T3 --> T7
+    T3 --> T8
+    T3 --> T11
+    T4 --> T9
+    T4 --> T13
+    T5 --> T6
+    T5 --> T9
+    T6 --> T7
+    T2 --> T6
+    T2 --> T9
+    T9 --> T10
+    T2 --> T10
+    T2 --> T12
+    T7 --> T13
+    T9 --> T13
+    T5 --> T14
+    T6 --> T14
+    T7 --> T14
+    T8 --> T14
+    T9 --> T14
+    T10 --> T14
+    T11 --> T14
+    T12 --> T14
+    T13 --> T14
+    T14 --> T15
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "waves": [
+    { "wave": 1, "tasks": ["1"] },
+    { "wave": 2, "tasks": ["2", "3", "4"] },
+    { "wave": 3, "tasks": ["5"] },
+    { "wave": 4, "tasks": ["6", "7", "8", "9", "11", "12"] },
+    { "wave": 5, "tasks": ["10", "13"] },
+    { "wave": 6, "tasks": ["14"] },
+    { "wave": 7, "tasks": ["15"] }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+- 任务 2（能力图谱）与任务 3（技能能力中心）是两大底座，应优先实现，多数业务模块依赖它们。
+- 任务 4（合规与 AI 可信横切层）为所有涉及敏感数据访问与 AI 输出的模块提供统一保障，建议与底座并行推进。
+- 每个业务模块任务均包含对应的单元测试或属性测试，覆盖正常路径与错误路径。
+- 属性测试（Property 1-8）分散在相关任务中实现，并在任务 14 统一运行确认。
+- 任务 15 为可选的前端界面实现，后端模块与测试可独立于前端完成验证。
+- 技术栈（NestJS + TypeScript + PostgreSQL + Jest + fast-check）为设计阶段的假设，实现前可调整。
diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a73a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.windsurfrules b/.windsurfrules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a9df0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.windsurfrules
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# ===== 燃尽模式规则 START =====
+# 最高优先级规则 - 必须严格遵守（Windsurf 专用）
+
+⚠️⚠️⚠️ 每次回复结束前必须执行以下命令！没有任何例外！⚠️⚠️⚠️
+
+## 执行规则
+
+1. 完成任务后，执行弹窗命令（跨平台，Windows/Mac/Linux 通用）：
+node "/Users/freedak/.ranjin-mode/dialog-trigger.js" "windsurf" "qlvw9j" "AI想要结束的原因摘要"
+
+   📱 **手机端通知**：执行此命令时会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启），用户可以在手机上查看消息并发送反馈。
+
+2. 仔细阅读命令输出的每一行：
+   - ACTION: continue 或 end（用户的选择）
+   - FEEDBACK: 用户输入的具体指令或反馈内容（⚠️ 必须完整阅读并执行！）
+     * 反馈可能来自电脑端弹窗或手机端远程输入
+   - IMAGES: 用户上传的图片路径（如有，必须用read_file工具查看）
+
+3. 根据输出决定下一步：
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "continue"：
+     * ⚠️ 必须仔细阅读 FEEDBACK 后面的全部内容
+     * ⚠️ 必须按照 FEEDBACK 中用户的具体指令执行任务
+     * ⚠️ 不要忽略 FEEDBACK，不要只说"用户选择继续"
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "end" 或 "stop"：停止工作
+   - ⚠️ 如果命令被取消/跳过/无输出：必须重新执行弹窗命令！
+
+## 核心规则
+
+1. 完整输出 - 输出完整代码和答案，禁止省略
+2. 持续执行 - 复杂任务一次性完成
+3. 结束确认 - 必须执行弹窗命令后才能结束
+4. FEEDBACK必读 - 用户的FEEDBACK是新的任务指令，必须执行
+
+## 手机端远程功能
+
+- 📱 当执行 dialog-trigger.js 命令时，会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启）
+- 📱 用户可以在手机浏览器中查看 AI 的消息和状态
+- 📱 用户可以在手机上输入反馈，反馈会通过 FEEDBACK 字段传递给你
+- 📱 手机端和电脑端弹窗功能完全同步，支持双向通信
+
+## ⚠️ 唯一合法的结束条件
+
+只有当命令输出包含 ACTION: end 或 ACTION: stop 时才能结束对话！
+以下情况都不能结束，必须重新执行弹窗命令：
+- 命令被用户点击 Skip 跳过
+- 命令执行失败或超时
+- 命令没有输出
+- 工作区取消了命令
+
+## 禁止
+
+- 禁止不执行弹窗命令就结束
+- 禁止跳过弹窗流程
+- 禁止忽略FEEDBACK内容
+- 禁止在没有收到 ACTION: end/stop 的情况下结束
+
+# ===== 燃尽模式规则 END =====
+
+# 最高优先级规则 - 必须严格遵守（Windsurf 专用）
+
+⚠️⚠️⚠️ 每次回复结束前必须执行以下命令！没有任何例外！⚠️⚠️⚠️
+
+## 执行规则
+
+1. 完成任务后，执行弹窗命令（跨平台，Windows/Mac/Linux 通用）：
+node "/Users/freedak/.ranjin-mode/dialog-trigger.js" "windsurf" "qlvw9j" "AI想要结束的原因摘要"
+
+   📱 **手机端通知**：执行此命令时会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启），用户可以在手机上查看消息并发送反馈。
+
+2. 仔细阅读命令输出的每一行：
+   - ACTION: continue 或 end（用户的选择）
+   - FEEDBACK: 用户输入的具体指令或反馈内容（⚠️ 必须完整阅读并执行！）
+     * 反馈可能来自电脑端弹窗或手机端远程输入
+   - IMAGES: 用户上传的图片路径（如有，必须用read_file工具查看）
+
+3. 根据输出决定下一步：
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "continue"：
+     * ⚠️ 必须仔细阅读 FEEDBACK 后面的全部内容
+     * ⚠️ 必须按照 FEEDBACK 中用户的具体指令执行任务
+     * ⚠️ 不要忽略 FEEDBACK，不要只说"用户选择继续"
+   - 如果 ACTION 是 "end" 或 "stop"：停止工作
+   - ⚠️ 如果命令被取消/跳过/无输出：必须重新执行弹窗命令！
+
+## 核心规则
+
+1. 完整输出 - 输出完整代码和答案，禁止省略
+2. 持续执行 - 复杂任务一次性完成
+3. 结束确认 - 必须执行弹窗命令后才能结束
+4. FEEDBACK必读 - 用户的FEEDBACK是新的任务指令，必须执行
+
+## 手机端远程功能
+
+- 📱 当执行 dialog-trigger.js 命令时，会自动通知手机端（如果远程服务已开启）
+- 📱 用户可以在手机浏览器中查看 AI 的消息和状态
+- 📱 用户可以在手机上输入反馈，反馈会通过 FEEDBACK 字段传递给你
+- 📱 手机端和电脑端弹窗功能完全同步，支持双向通信
+
+## ⚠️ 唯一合法的结束条件
+
+只有当命令输出包含 ACTION: end 或 ACTION: stop 时才能结束对话！
+以下情况都不能结束，必须重新执行弹窗命令：
+- 命令被用户点击 Skip 跳过
+- 命令执行失败或超时
+- 命令没有输出
+- 工作区取消了命令
+
+## 禁止
+
+- 禁止不执行弹窗命令就结束
+- 禁止跳过弹窗流程
+- 禁止忽略FEEDBACK内容
+- 禁止在没有收到 ACTION: end/stop 的情况下结束
diff --git a/0.md b/0.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15ac23b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+医科类高校的AI学习中心系统
+
+1、大学生个人学习空间，将个人在校学习相关的内容都汇集在这个空间，通过AI对每个阶段或每个成果加入后进行评价，给出学习和发展的建议
+
+2、课程对练，将课程通过AI进行梳理形成练习题，和学生进行模拟联系，对结果进行分析、评价和建议
+
+3、根据学习空间的内容形成学生画像，为未来就业发展提供数据支持。
+
+4、学生可以确定职业目标，分解岗位胜任力模型，对照学生模型，给出发展规划建议
+
+5、学生的研究资料查询 skill：学生可以通过 AI 检索医学研究资料（文献、指南、数据库等），AI 辅助进行检索、筛选、总结与引用，支持科研学习与课题研究
+
+6、医科类学生 AI 协同能力培养：系统性培养医学生与 AI 协作的能力，包括如何向 AI 提问、如何审视和验证 AI 输出、如何在临床与科研场景中负责任地使用 AI，提升人机协同素养
+
+7、Skill 能力中心：为学生提供一系列可复用的 AI skill（如资料查询 skill、病例分析 skill、文献综述 skill、检索式生成 skill 等），形成可扩展的 skill 库，学生按需调用
+
+8、你的好的建议？
+
+学生要有学号，导师、管理员要有工号
+
+9、管理员：
+用户管理：用户、角色、权限、合规
+AI应用管理：生成、上架、下架、审核等
+日志和审计：
+AI用量：用户、AI应用、用例
+
+10、每类用户增加profie
+
+11、导师：
+带教学生列表
+针对每个学生带教的工作安排和进度展现
+带教学生工作完成情况和总体表现（问题分析）、指导方向和要点等
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/baidu-backup.sh b/baidu-backup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1f7ca7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baidu-backup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# ============================================================
+# 百度网盘备份脚本
+# 用法: ./baidu-backup.sh [目标目录]
+# 示例: ./baidu-backup.sh /2026/0517
+#       ./baidu-backup.sh              # 自动使用 /年份/月日
+# ============================================================
+
+# 不使用 set -e（与并行后台进程不兼容）
+
+# ---- 配置 ----
+APP_KEY="z3gemBZfg7KYj6U3eHNfIzTs7uYS9OMh"
+SECRET_KEY="ptCKj2DfxL0KtGR1pM08c9KO2t2UC7SR"
+TOKEN_FILE="$HOME/.baidu_pan_token.json"
+BLOCK_SIZE=$((32 * 1024 * 1024))  # 32MB 大分片减少HTTP开销
+PARALLEL=4                       # 并行上传数
+
+# ---- 自动识别项目 ----
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+PROJECT_NAME="$(basename "$SCRIPT_DIR")"
+PARENT_DIR="$(dirname "$SCRIPT_DIR")"
+ZIP_FILE="/tmp/${PROJECT_NAME}.zip"
+MD5_DIR="/tmp/baidu_md5"
+
+# ---- 目标目录 ----
+if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+    REMOTE_DIR="$1"
+else
+    REMOTE_DIR="/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m%d)"
+fi
+REMOTE_PATH="${REMOTE_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.zip"
+
+echo ""
+echo "╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗"
+echo "║         📦 百度网盘备份工具              ║"
+echo "╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝"
+echo ""
+echo "  项目: $PROJECT_NAME"
+echo "  目标: $REMOTE_PATH"
+echo ""
+
+# ============================================================
+# 步骤1: 打包
+# ============================================================
+echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo "[1/6] 📦 打包项目文件..."
+rm -f "$ZIP_FILE"
+cd "$PARENT_DIR"
+
+# 先统计文件总数
+TOTAL_FILES=$(find "$PROJECT_NAME" -not -path "${PROJECT_NAME}/.git/*" -type f | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
+echo "  📊 共 ${TOTAL_FILES} 个文件"
+
+# 打包并实时显示百分比
+COUNTER=0
+zip -r "$ZIP_FILE" "$PROJECT_NAME" -x "${PROJECT_NAME}/.git/*" 2>&1 | while IFS= read -r line; do
+    COUNTER=$((COUNTER + 1))
+    PCT=$((COUNTER * 100 / TOTAL_FILES))
+    if [ $PCT -gt 100 ]; then PCT=100; fi
+    # 进度条
+    BAR_FILLED=$((PCT * 30 / 100))
+    BAR_EMPTY=$((30 - BAR_FILLED))
+    BAR=""
+    for ((b=0; b<BAR_FILLED; b++)); do BAR="${BAR}█"; done
+    for ((b=0; b<BAR_EMPTY; b++)); do BAR="${BAR}░"; done
+    printf "\r  %s %3d%% (%d/%d)   " "$BAR" "$PCT" "$COUNTER" "$TOTAL_FILES"
+done
+echo ""
+
+FILE_SIZE=$(stat -f%z "$ZIP_FILE" 2>/dev/null || stat -c%s "$ZIP_FILE" 2>/dev/null)
+FILE_SIZE_MB=$((FILE_SIZE / 1024 / 1024))
+echo "  ✅ 打包完成: ${FILE_SIZE_MB}MB"
+
+# ============================================================
+# 步骤2: 获取 Token（缓存 / 刷新 / 设备授权）
+# ============================================================
+echo ""
+echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo "[2/6] 🔑 获取百度网盘授权..."
+
+ACCESS_TOKEN=""
+
+# 尝试读取缓存
+if [ -f "$TOKEN_FILE" ]; then
+    CACHED=$(python3 -c "
+import json, time, sys
+with open('$TOKEN_FILE') as f:
+    d = json.load(f)
+if time.time() < d.get('expires_at', 0):
+    print('VALID|' + d['access_token'])
+else:
+    print('EXPIRED|' + d.get('refresh_token', ''))
+" 2>/dev/null || echo "FAIL|")
+    
+    STATUS="${CACHED%%|*}"
+    VALUE="${CACHED#*|}"
+    
+    if [ "$STATUS" = "VALID" ]; then
+        ACCESS_TOKEN="$VALUE"
+        echo "  ✅ 使用缓存 Token（有效）"
+    elif [ "$STATUS" = "EXPIRED" ] && [ -n "$VALUE" ]; then
+        echo "  ⏳ Token 已过期，尝试刷新..."
+        RESP=$(curl -s -X POST "https://openapi.baidu.com/oauth/2.0/token" \
+            -d "grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=${VALUE}&client_id=${APP_KEY}&client_secret=${SECRET_KEY}")
+        NEW_TOKEN=$(echo "$RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;d=json.load(sys.stdin);print(d.get('access_token',''))" 2>/dev/null)
+        if [ -n "$NEW_TOKEN" ]; then
+            ACCESS_TOKEN="$NEW_TOKEN"
+            # 更新缓存
+            python3 -c "
+import json, time
+d = json.loads('$RESP'.replace(\"'\", '\"'))
+token = {'access_token': d['access_token'], 'refresh_token': d['refresh_token'], 'expires_at': int(time.time()) + d['expires_in']}
+with open('$TOKEN_FILE', 'w') as f: json.dump(token, f)
+" 2>/dev/null
+            echo "  ✅ Token 刷新成功"
+        else
+            echo "  ⚠️  刷新失败，需要重新授权"
+        fi
+    fi
+fi
+
+# 如果没有有效 Token，走设备授权流程
+if [ -z "$ACCESS_TOKEN" ]; then
+    echo "  🔐 需要设备授权..."
+    DEVICE_RESP=$(curl -s -X POST "https://openapi.baidu.com/oauth/2.0/device/code" \
+        -d "response_type=device_code&client_id=${APP_KEY}&scope=basic,netdisk")
+    
+    DEVICE_CODE=$(echo "$DEVICE_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin)['device_code'])")
+    USER_CODE=$(echo "$DEVICE_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin)['user_code'])")
+    QRCODE_URL=$(echo "$DEVICE_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin)['qrcode_url'])")
+    
+    echo ""
+    echo "  ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐"
+    echo "  │ 请打开: https://openapi.baidu.com/device"
+    echo "  │ 输入码: $USER_CODE"
+    echo "  │ 或扫码: $QRCODE_URL"
+    echo "  └─────────────────────────────────────┘"
+    echo ""
+    read -p "  授权完成后按回车继续..." _
+    
+    TOKEN_RESP=$(curl -s -X POST "https://openapi.baidu.com/oauth/2.0/token" \
+        -d "grant_type=device_token&code=${DEVICE_CODE}&client_id=${APP_KEY}&client_secret=${SECRET_KEY}")
+    ACCESS_TOKEN=$(echo "$TOKEN_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('access_token',''))" 2>/dev/null)
+    
+    if [ -z "$ACCESS_TOKEN" ]; then
+        echo "  ❌ 授权失败: $TOKEN_RESP"
+        rm -f "$ZIP_FILE"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    # 保存缓存
+    echo "$TOKEN_RESP" | python3 -c "
+import sys, json, time
+d = json.load(sys.stdin)
+token = {'access_token': d['access_token'], 'refresh_token': d['refresh_token'], 'expires_at': int(time.time()) + d['expires_in']}
+with open('$TOKEN_FILE', 'w') as f: json.dump(token, f)
+"
+    echo "  ✅ 授权成功，Token 已缓存"
+fi
+
+# ============================================================
+# 步骤3: 创建远程目录
+# ============================================================
+echo ""
+echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo "[3/6] 📁 创建远程目录 ${REMOTE_DIR} ..."
+DIR_RESP=$(curl -s "https://pan.baidu.com/rest/2.0/xpan/file?method=create&access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
+    -d "path=${REMOTE_DIR}&size=0&isdir=1")
+DIR_ERRNO=$(echo "$DIR_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('errno',99))" 2>/dev/null)
+if [ "$DIR_ERRNO" = "0" ] || [ "$DIR_ERRNO" = "-8" ]; then
+    echo "  ✅ 目录已就绪"
+else
+    echo "  ⚠️  目录创建返回: errno=$DIR_ERRNO（继续尝试上传）"
+fi
+
+# ============================================================
+# 步骤4: 预创建文件
+# ============================================================
+echo ""
+echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+BLOCKS=$(( (FILE_SIZE + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE ))
+echo "[4/6] 📋 预创建文件（${BLOCKS}个分片）..."
+BLOCK_LIST=$(python3 -c "import json; print(json.dumps(['0'*32]*$BLOCKS))")
+PRE_RESP=$(curl -s "https://pan.baidu.com/rest/2.0/xpan/file?method=precreate&access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
+    -d "path=${REMOTE_PATH}&size=${FILE_SIZE}&isdir=0&autoinit=1&block_list=${BLOCK_LIST}")
+UPLOAD_ID=$(echo "$PRE_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('uploadid',''))" 2>/dev/null)
+if [ -z "$UPLOAD_ID" ]; then
+    echo "  ❌ 预创建失败: $PRE_RESP"
+    rm -f "$ZIP_FILE"
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "  ✅ 预创建成功"
+
+# ============================================================
+# 步骤5: 分片上传（32MB大分片 + 并行上传）
+# ============================================================
+echo ""
+echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo "[5/6] 🚀 上传中（${PARALLEL}路并行, 每片$((BLOCK_SIZE/1024/1024))MB）..."
+echo ""
+
+# 预切割文件
+SPLIT_DIR="/tmp/baidu_chunks"
+rm -rf "$SPLIT_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$SPLIT_DIR"
+split -b ${BLOCK_SIZE} -a 4 "$ZIP_FILE" "${SPLIT_DIR}/chunk_"
+CHUNK_FILES=($(ls "${SPLIT_DIR}/chunk_"* | sort))
+BLOCKS=${#CHUNK_FILES[@]}
+echo "  📊 已切割为 ${BLOCKS} 个分片"
+echo ""
+
+# 创建md5结果目录
+MD5_DIR="/tmp/baidu_md5"
+rm -rf "$MD5_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$MD5_DIR"
+
+START_TIME=$(date +%s)
+DONE_COUNT=0
+FAIL_FLAG="/tmp/baidu_upload_fail"
+rm -f "$FAIL_FLAG"
+
+# 单片上传函数（带重试）
+upload_chunk() {
+    local SEQ=$1
+    local CHUNK_FILE=$2
+    local RETRY=0
+    local MAX_RETRY=3
+    while [ $RETRY -lt $MAX_RETRY ]; do
+        local RESP
+        RESP=$(curl -s --connect-timeout 30 --max-time 300 \
+            "https://d.pcs.baidu.com/rest/2.0/pcs/superfile2?method=upload&access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}&type=tmpfile&path=${REMOTE_PATH}&uploadid=${UPLOAD_ID}&partseq=${SEQ}" \
+            -F "file=@${CHUNK_FILE}" 2>&1)
+        local MD5
+        MD5=$(echo "$RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('md5',''))" 2>/dev/null)
+        if [ -n "$MD5" ]; then
+            echo "$MD5" > "${MD5_DIR}/$(printf '%04d' $SEQ).md5"
+            return 0
+        fi
+        RETRY=$((RETRY + 1))
+        if [ $RETRY -lt $MAX_RETRY ]; then
+            sleep 2
+        fi
+    done
+    echo "chunk $SEQ failed: $RESP" > "${FAIL_FLAG}_${SEQ}"
+    return 1
+}
+
+# 并行上传
+for ((i=0; i<BLOCKS; i+=PARALLEL)); do
+    PIDS=()
+    for ((j=0; j<PARALLEL && i+j<BLOCKS; j++)); do
+        SEQ=$((i + j))
+        upload_chunk $SEQ "${CHUNK_FILES[$SEQ]}" &
+        PIDS+=($!)
+    done
+    
+    # 等待本批完成
+    BATCH_FAIL=0
+    for PID in "${PIDS[@]}"; do
+        wait $PID || BATCH_FAIL=1
+    done
+    if [ $BATCH_FAIL -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo ""
+        echo "  ❌ 上传失败:"
+        cat "${FAIL_FLAG}_"* 2>/dev/null
+        rm -rf "$SPLIT_DIR" "$MD5_DIR" "$ZIP_FILE" "${FAIL_FLAG}_"*
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    # 计算进度
+    DONE_COUNT=$((i + ${#PIDS[@]}))
+    if [ $DONE_COUNT -gt $BLOCKS ]; then DONE_COUNT=$BLOCKS; fi
+    PCT=$((DONE_COUNT * 100 / BLOCKS))
+    UPLOADED_MB=$((DONE_COUNT * BLOCK_SIZE / 1024 / 1024))
+    if [ $UPLOADED_MB -gt $FILE_SIZE_MB ]; then UPLOADED_MB=$FILE_SIZE_MB; fi
+    NOW=$(date +%s)
+    ELAPSED=$((NOW - START_TIME))
+    if [ $ELAPSED -gt 0 ]; then
+        SPEED_MB=$((UPLOADED_MB / ELAPSED))
+        REMAINING_MB=$((FILE_SIZE_MB - UPLOADED_MB))
+        if [ $SPEED_MB -gt 0 ]; then
+            ETA=$((REMAINING_MB / SPEED_MB))
+            ETA_STR="${ETA}s"
+            if [ $ETA -ge 60 ]; then ETA_STR="$((ETA/60))m$((ETA%60))s"; fi
+        else
+            ETA_STR="计算中"
+        fi
+    else
+        SPEED_MB=0
+        ETA_STR="计算中"
+    fi
+    
+    BAR_FILLED=$((PCT * 30 / 100))
+    BAR_EMPTY=$((30 - BAR_FILLED))
+    BAR=""
+    for ((b=0; b<BAR_FILLED; b++)); do BAR="${BAR}█"; done
+    for ((b=0; b<BAR_EMPTY; b++)); do BAR="${BAR}░"; done
+    printf "\r  %s %3d%% | %d/%dMB | %dMB/s | 剩余%s   " "$BAR" "$PCT" "$UPLOADED_MB" "$FILE_SIZE_MB" "$SPEED_MB" "$ETA_STR"
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo ""
+echo "  ✅ 所有分片上传完成"
+
+# 删除临时分片
+rm -rf "$SPLIT_DIR"
+
+# ============================================================
+# 步骤6: 合并文件
+# ============================================================
+echo ""
+echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo "[6/6] 🔗 合并文件..."
+MD5_LIST=$(cat "${MD5_DIR}/"*.md5 | awk '{printf "\"%s\",", $0}' | sed 's/,$//')
+CREATE_RESP=$(curl -s "https://pan.baidu.com/rest/2.0/xpan/file?method=create&access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
+    -d "path=${REMOTE_PATH}&size=${FILE_SIZE}&isdir=0&uploadid=${UPLOAD_ID}&block_list=[${MD5_LIST}]")
+CREATE_ERRNO=$(echo "$CREATE_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('errno',99))" 2>/dev/null)
+FINAL_PATH=$(echo "$CREATE_RESP" | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get('path',''))" 2>/dev/null)
+
+# 清理
+rm -f "$ZIP_FILE" /tmp/chunk_part
+rm -rf "$MD5_DIR" "$FAIL_FLAG"
+
+# 计算耗时
+END_TIME=$(date +%s)
+TOTAL=$((END_TIME - START_TIME))
+T_MIN=$((TOTAL / 60))
+T_SEC=$((TOTAL % 60))
+
+# 输出结果
+echo ""
+echo "╔══════════════════════════════════════════════╗"
+if [ "$CREATE_ERRNO" = "0" ]; then
+    echo "║          📦 百度网盘备份完成！               ║"
+    echo "╠══════════════════════════════════════════════╣"
+    echo "  📁 路径: $FINAL_PATH"
+    echo "  📊 大小: ${FILE_SIZE_MB} MB"
+    echo "  ⏱️  耗时: ${T_MIN}分${T_SEC}秒"
+    echo "  ✅ 状态: 上传成功"
+else
+    echo "║          ❌ 合并失败                         ║"
+    echo "╠══════════════════════════════════════════════╣"
+    echo "  errno: $CREATE_ERRNO"
+    echo "  响应: $CREATE_RESP"
+fi
+echo "╚══════════════════════════════════════════════╝"
+echo ""
diff --git a/collegeAIcenter.code-workspace b/collegeAIcenter.code-workspace
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61e510d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/collegeAIcenter.code-workspace
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+	"folders": [
+		{
+			"path": "."
+		}
+	],
+	"settings": {
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/.gitignore b/frontend/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00e8e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+node_modules
+.next
+out
+.env.local
+*.tsbuildinfo
+next-env.d.ts
diff --git a/frontend/README.md b/frontend/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3fd6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# 医科高校 AI 学习中心 · 前端（三端）
+
+基于 Next.js 14（App Router）+ TypeScript + Tailwind CSS 的三端前端，与 NestJS 后端真实联调。
+
+## 三端
+
+- 学生端 `/student`：学习空间、能力画像、职业规划、课程对练、临床对话对练、研究资料查询、AI 协同训练
+- 导师端 `/mentor`：题目审核、成果点评、带教学生画像
+- 管理端 `/admin`：技能治理、权限与合规
+
+登录后按账号角色自动进入对应工作台；`AppShell` 做角色访问守卫，跨角色访问会被拦截。
+
+## 与后端联调
+
+- 所有请求走 `/api/*`，由 `next.config.mjs` 的 rewrites 代理到后端（默认 `http://localhost:3000`），避免浏览器跨域。
+- 鉴权：登录/注册成功后将 JWT 存入 `localStorage`，后续请求自动附加 `Authorization: Bearer <token>`。
+- 错误：后端统一错误体（`AppError.toJSON()`）由 `ApiError` 承载，UI 展示 `message`。
+
+可用环境变量 `BACKEND_URL` 覆盖后端地址（如部署时）。
+
+## 本地运行
+
+```bash
+# 1) 先启动后端（仓库根目录）
+npm run start:dev          # 监听 3000，需 .env 中 DB_ENABLED 与 PostgreSQL（可选）
+
+# 2) 启动前端（frontend 目录）
+cd frontend
+npm install
+npm run dev                # 监听 4000
+```
+
+打开 http://localhost:4000 ，注册一个账号（可选角色：学生 / 导师 / 管理员）后即可进入对应工作台。
+
+## 构建
+
+```bash
+npm run build && npm run start
+```
+
+## 目录
+
+```
+src/
+  app/                 # App Router 页面（login / student / mentor / admin）
+  components/          # AppShell（外壳+守卫）与基础 UI 组件
+  lib/
+    api.ts             # fetch 封装：鉴权头、错误解析（ApiError）
+    auth-context.tsx   # 登录态上下文（login/register/logout/me）
+    services.ts        # 按后端模块组织的 API 服务函数
+    types.ts           # 与后端对齐的类型与枚举
+```
diff --git a/frontend/next.config.mjs b/frontend/next.config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cba7b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/next.config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */
+const nextConfig = {
+  reactStrictMode: true,
+  // 将 /api/* 代理到 NestJS 后端，避免浏览器跨域并统一前端调用路径。
+  async rewrites() {
+    const backend = process.env.BACKEND_URL ?? 'http://localhost:3000';
+    return [
+      {
+        source: '/api/:path*',
+        destination: `${backend}/api/:path*`,
+      },
+    ];
+  },
+};
+
+export default nextConfig;
diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22b5b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1664 @@
+{
+  "name": "college-ai-center-frontend",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "college-ai-center-frontend",
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "next": "14.2.15",
+        "react": "18.3.1",
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+          "optional": true
+        }
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+        "picocolors": "^1.1.1"
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "yaml": "bin.mjs"
+      },
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+}
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b305f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "name": "college-ai-center-frontend",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "next dev -p 4000",
+    "build": "next build",
+    "start": "next start -p 4000",
+    "lint": "next lint"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "next": "14.2.15",
+    "react": "18.3.1",
+    "react-dom": "18.3.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/node": "20.14.10",
+    "@types/react": "18.3.3",
+    "@types/react-dom": "18.3.0",
+    "autoprefixer": "10.4.19",
+    "postcss": "8.4.39",
+    "tailwindcss": "3.4.6",
+    "typescript": "5.5.3"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/postcss.config.mjs b/frontend/postcss.config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ef30fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/postcss.config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/** @type {import('postcss-load-config').Config} */
+const config = {
+  plugins: {
+    tailwindcss: {},
+    autoprefixer: {},
+  },
+};
+
+export default config;
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/admin/compliance/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/admin/compliance/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b856c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/admin/compliance/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 权限与合规：查看三类角色权限范围、审计日志与越权拒绝事件（可按操作者过滤）。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { adminComplianceApi } from '@/lib/services';
+
+export default function AdminCompliancePage() {
+  const [scopes, setScopes] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [auditLogs, setAuditLogs] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [denials, setDenials] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [actorId, setActorId] = useState('');
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const [sc, logs, dn] = await Promise.all([
+        adminComplianceApi.permissionScopes(),
+        adminComplianceApi.auditLogs(actorId || undefined),
+        adminComplianceApi.denialEvents(actorId || undefined),
+      ]);
+      setScopes(Array.isArray(sc) ? sc : []);
+      setAuditLogs(Array.isArray(logs) ? logs : []);
+      setDenials(Array.isArray(dn) ? dn : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [actorId]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">权限与合规</h1>
+
+      <Card title="角色权限范围">
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : error ? (
+          <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+        ) : (
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-3">
+            {scopes.map((sc: any, i: number) => (
+              <div
+                key={sc.role ?? i}
+                className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3"
+              >
+                <p className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-brand-700">
+                  {sc.role}
+                </p>
+                <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs text-slate-500">
+                  {(sc.permissions ?? []).map((p: any, pi: number) => (
+                    <li key={pi}>
+                      {typeof p === 'string' ? (
+                        <>· {p}</>
+                      ) : (
+                        <>
+                          · <span className="font-medium">{p.resourceType}</span>
+                          ：{Array.isArray(p.actions) ? p.actions.join(' / ') : ''}
+                        </>
+                      )}
+                    </li>
+                  ))}
+                </ul>
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card
+        title="审计与越权事件"
+        actions={
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <input
+              className="input max-w-[200px]"
+              value={actorId}
+              onChange={(e) => setActorId(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="按操作者 ID 过滤"
+            />
+            <button className="btn-ghost" onClick={load} disabled={loading}>
+              查询
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        }
+      >
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-2">
+          <div>
+            <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+              审计日志（{auditLogs.length}）
+            </h3>
+            {auditLogs.length === 0 ? (
+              <EmptyState message="暂无审计日志。" />
+            ) : (
+              <ul className="space-y-2">
+                {auditLogs.map((log: any, i: number) => (
+                  <li
+                    key={log.id ?? i}
+                    className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3 text-xs text-slate-600"
+                  >
+                    <pre className="overflow-auto">
+                      {JSON.stringify(log, null, 2)}
+                    </pre>
+                  </li>
+                ))}
+              </ul>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          <div>
+            <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+              越权拒绝事件（{denials.length}）
+            </h3>
+            {denials.length === 0 ? (
+              <EmptyState message="暂无越权拒绝事件。" />
+            ) : (
+              <ul className="space-y-2">
+                {denials.map((d: any, i: number) => (
+                  <li
+                    key={d.id ?? i}
+                    className="rounded-lg border border-red-100 bg-red-50 p-3 text-xs text-red-700"
+                  >
+                    <pre className="overflow-auto">
+                      {JSON.stringify(d, null, 2)}
+                    </pre>
+                  </li>
+                ))}
+              </ul>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/admin/layout.tsx b/frontend/src/app/admin/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5433a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/admin/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { AppShell, type NavGroup } from '@/components/app-shell';
+import { Role } from '@/lib/types';
+
+const NAV: NavGroup[] = [
+  {
+    items: [
+      { href: '/admin', label: '工作台', icon: 'home' },
+      { href: '/admin/skills', label: '技能治理', icon: 'sliders' },
+      { href: '/admin/compliance', label: '权限与合规', icon: 'shield' },
+    ],
+  },
+];
+
+export default function AdminLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <AppShell requiredRole={Role.Administrator} nav={NAV} title="管理端">
+      {children}
+    </AppShell>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/admin/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/admin/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f35124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/admin/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+'use client';
+
+import Link from 'next/link';
+
+import { Card } from '@/components/ui';
+import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+
+const FEATURES = [
+  {
+    href: '/admin/skills',
+    title: '技能治理',
+    desc: '查看、新增/修改、启用技能定义，查看治理审计日志。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/admin/compliance',
+    title: '权限与合规',
+    desc: '查看角色权限范围、审计日志与越权拒绝事件。',
+  },
+];
+
+export default function AdminHome() {
+  const { user } = useAuth();
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <div>
+        <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">
+          管理工作台，{user?.username}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-slate-500">技能治理与合规管理。</p>
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
+        {FEATURES.map((f) => (
+          <Link key={f.href} href={f.href}>
+            <Card className="h-full transition hover:border-brand-300 hover:shadow-md">
+              <h2 className="text-base font-semibold text-brand-700">
+                {f.title}
+              </h2>
+              <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-slate-500">{f.desc}</p>
+            </Card>
+          </Link>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/admin/skills/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/admin/skills/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f33772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/admin/skills/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 技能治理：列出技能定义、查看详情、启用，并以「引导表单 + JSON 编辑器」新增/修改技能。
+ *
+ * 技能定义为五要素深层嵌套结构：id/name/enabled 用表单字段，五要素用 JSON 编辑（与后端
+ * 「最小校验 + 透传服务层规范化」约定一致），并提供模板降低输入成本。审计日志结构化展示。
+ */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { InfoRow, RawDetails } from '@/components/display';
+import { Badge, Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { adminSkillsApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type { SkillAuditLogEntry, SkillDefinition } from '@/lib/types';
+
+const FIVE_ELEMENTS_TEMPLATE = JSON.stringify(
+  {
+    inputSpec: { fields: [{ name: 'items', type: 'array', required: true }] },
+    processingLogic: { strategy: 'summarize', model: 'mock' },
+    knowledgeSources: [{ type: 'PUBMED', weight: 1 }],
+    outputFormat: { type: 'structured', schema: 'summary' },
+    credibilityRule: { minEvidenceLevel: 'B', annotate: true },
+  },
+  null,
+  2,
+);
+
+export default function AdminSkillsPage() {
+  const [skills, setSkills] = useState<SkillDefinition[]>([]);
+  const [auditLogs, setAuditLogs] = useState<SkillAuditLogEntry[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  // 引导表单字段
+  const [skillId, setSkillId] = useState('research-summary');
+  const [skillName, setSkillName] = useState('研究资料总结技能');
+  const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(false);
+  const [elementsJson, setElementsJson] = useState(FIVE_ELEMENTS_TEMPLATE);
+  const [formError, setFormError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+
+  const [detail, setDetail] = useState<SkillDefinition | null>(null);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const [s, logs] = await Promise.all([
+        adminSkillsApi.list(),
+        adminSkillsApi.auditLogs(),
+      ]);
+      setSkills(Array.isArray(s) ? s : []);
+      setAuditLogs(Array.isArray(logs) ? logs : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleUpsert(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setFormError(null);
+    let elements: any;
+    try {
+      elements = JSON.parse(elementsJson);
+    } catch {
+      setFormError('五要素 JSON 格式不正确，请检查后重试。');
+      return;
+    }
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      await adminSkillsApi.upsert({
+        id: skillId,
+        name: skillName,
+        enabled,
+        inputSpec: elements.inputSpec,
+        processingLogic: elements.processingLogic,
+        knowledgeSources: elements.knowledgeSources,
+        outputFormat: elements.outputFormat,
+        credibilityRule: elements.credibilityRule,
+      });
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setFormError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '提交失败');
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleEnable(id: string) {
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await adminSkillsApi.enable(id);
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '启用失败');
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleEdit(s: SkillDefinition) {
+    // 载入已有技能到表单（便于修改）。
+    setSkillId(s.id);
+    setSkillName(s.name);
+    setEnabled(s.enabled);
+    setElementsJson(
+      JSON.stringify(
+        {
+          inputSpec: s.inputSpec ?? {},
+          processingLogic: s.processingLogic ?? {},
+          knowledgeSources: s.knowledgeSources ?? [],
+          outputFormat: s.outputFormat ?? {},
+          credibilityRule: s.credibilityRule ?? {},
+        },
+        null,
+        2,
+      ),
+    );
+    setDetail(s);
+  }
+
+  const enabledCount = skills.filter((s) => s.enabled).length;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">技能治理</h1>
+
+      <Card
+        title="技能定义"
+        actions={
+          <div className="flex gap-2">
+            <Badge tone="green">{enabledCount} 已启用</Badge>
+            <Badge tone="slate">{skills.length} 总计</Badge>
+          </div>
+        }
+      >
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : error ? (
+          <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+        ) : skills.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="技能库为空，可在下方新增技能定义。" />
+        ) : (
+          <ul className="divide-y divide-slate-100">
+            {skills.map((s) => (
+              <li key={s.id} className="flex items-center justify-between py-3">
+                <div>
+                  <p className="font-medium text-slate-800">{s.name}</p>
+                  <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-slate-400">{s.id}</p>
+                </div>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+                  {s.enabled ? (
+                    <Badge tone="green">已启用</Badge>
+                  ) : (
+                    <Badge tone="slate">未启用</Badge>
+                  )}
+                  <button
+                    className="btn-ghost"
+                    onClick={() => setDetail(s)}
+                  >
+                    详情
+                  </button>
+                  <button className="btn-ghost" onClick={() => handleEdit(s)}>
+                    编辑
+                  </button>
+                  {!s.enabled && (
+                    <button
+                      className="btn-ghost"
+                      onClick={() => handleEnable(s.id)}
+                    >
+                      启用
+                    </button>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {detail && (
+        <Card
+          title={`技能详情 · ${detail.name}`}
+          actions={
+            <button className="btn-ghost" onClick={() => setDetail(null)}>
+              收起
+            </button>
+          }
+        >
+          <InfoRow label="标识">{detail.id}</InfoRow>
+          <InfoRow label="名称">{detail.name}</InfoRow>
+          <InfoRow label="状态">
+            {detail.enabled ? (
+              <Badge tone="green">已启用</Badge>
+            ) : (
+              <Badge tone="slate">未启用</Badge>
+            )}
+          </InfoRow>
+          <div className="mt-3 grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
+            <ElementCard title="输入规格" data={detail.inputSpec} />
+            <ElementCard title="AI 处理逻辑" data={detail.processingLogic} />
+            <ElementCard title="知识源绑定" data={detail.knowledgeSources} />
+            <ElementCard title="输出格式" data={detail.outputFormat} />
+            <ElementCard title="可信度标注规则" data={detail.credibilityRule} />
+          </div>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      <Card title="新增 / 修改技能定义">
+        <form onSubmit={handleUpsert} className="space-y-4">
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3">
+            <div>
+              <label className="label">技能标识</label>
+              <input
+                className="input"
+                value={skillId}
+                onChange={(e) => setSkillId(e.target.value)}
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <label className="label">技能名称</label>
+              <input
+                className="input"
+                value={skillName}
+                onChange={(e) => setSkillName(e.target.value)}
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-end">
+              <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-slate-600">
+                <input
+                  type="checkbox"
+                  checked={enabled}
+                  onChange={(e) => setEnabled(e.target.checked)}
+                />
+                创建后即启用
+              </label>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">
+              五要素定义（inputSpec / processingLogic / knowledgeSources /
+              outputFormat / credibilityRule）
+            </label>
+            <textarea
+              className="input font-mono text-xs"
+              rows={14}
+              value={elementsJson}
+              onChange={(e) => setElementsJson(e.target.value)}
+              spellCheck={false}
+            />
+          </div>
+
+          {formError && <ErrorBanner message={formError} />}
+          <div className="flex gap-3">
+            <button className="btn-primary" disabled={submitting}>
+              {submitting ? '提交中…' : '提交技能定义'}
+            </button>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              className="btn-ghost"
+              onClick={() => setElementsJson(FIVE_ELEMENTS_TEMPLATE)}
+            >
+              重置五要素模板
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </form>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card title="治理审计日志">
+        {auditLogs.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="暂无审计日志。" />
+        ) : (
+          <ul className="divide-y divide-slate-100">
+            {auditLogs.map((log, i) => (
+              <li key={(log.id as string) ?? i} className="py-3">
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                  {log.action && <Badge tone="blue">{String(log.action)}</Badge>}
+                  {log.skillId && (
+                    <span className="text-sm text-slate-700">{String(log.skillId)}</span>
+                  )}
+                  {log.timestamp && (
+                    <span className="ml-auto text-xs text-slate-400">
+                      {new Date(String(log.timestamp)).toLocaleString('zh-CN')}
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+                {(log.actorId || log.actorRole) && (
+                  <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                    操作者：{String(log.actorId ?? '')}
+                    {log.actorRole ? `（${String(log.actorRole)}）` : ''}
+                  </p>
+                )}
+                <RawDetails data={log} />
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 技能五要素之一的小卡片。 */
+function ElementCard({ title, data }: { title: string; data: unknown }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3">
+      <p className="mb-1.5 text-xs font-semibold text-slate-500">{title}</p>
+      <pre className="max-h-40 overflow-auto rounded bg-slate-50 p-2 text-xs text-slate-600">
+        {JSON.stringify(data ?? {}, null, 2)}
+      </pre>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/globals.css b/frontend/src/app/globals.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82e9731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/globals.css
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+@tailwind base;
+@tailwind components;
+@tailwind utilities;
+
+:root {
+  color-scheme: light;
+}
+
+body {
+  @apply bg-slate-50 text-slate-800 antialiased;
+}
+
+@layer components {
+  .card {
+    @apply rounded-xl border border-slate-200 bg-white p-5 shadow-sm;
+  }
+
+  .btn {
+    @apply inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-60;
+  }
+
+  .btn-primary {
+    @apply btn bg-brand-600 text-white hover:bg-brand-700;
+  }
+
+  .btn-ghost {
+    @apply btn border border-slate-300 bg-white text-slate-700 hover:bg-slate-100;
+  }
+
+  .input {
+    @apply w-full rounded-lg border border-slate-300 px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none focus:border-brand-500 focus:ring-2 focus:ring-brand-100;
+  }
+
+  .label {
+    @apply mb-1 block text-sm font-medium text-slate-600;
+  }
+
+  .badge {
+    @apply inline-flex items-center rounded-full px-2.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx b/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3e848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+
+import './globals.css';
+import { AuthProvider } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: '医科高校 AI 学习中心',
+  description: '面向医科类高校的 AI 学习、对练、画像与科研支持平台',
+};
+
+export default function RootLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <html lang="zh-CN">
+      <body>
+        <AuthProvider>{children}</AuthProvider>
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/login/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/login/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a12b9fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/login/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 登录 / 注册页。
+ *
+ * 支持两种模式切换：登录与注册。注册时可选择角色（学生/导师/管理员），便于演示三端。
+ * 成功后依据角色跳转到对应工作台。错误信息取自后端统一错误体。
+ */
+
+import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { homeForRole } from '@/components/app-shell';
+import { ErrorBanner } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+import { ROLE_LABELS, Role } from '@/lib/types';
+
+/** 内置测试账户（与后端 SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS 一致），用于一键登录。 */
+const TEST_ACCOUNTS: {
+  username: string;
+  password: string;
+  role: Role;
+}[] = [
+  { username: 'student', password: 'student123', role: Role.Student },
+  { username: 'mentor', password: 'mentor123', role: Role.Mentor },
+  { username: 'admin', password: 'admin123', role: Role.Administrator },
+];
+
+export default function LoginPage() {
+  const { user, loading, login, register } = useAuth();
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  const [mode, setMode] = useState<'login' | 'register'>('login');
+  const [username, setUsername] = useState('');
+  const [password, setPassword] = useState('');
+  const [displayName, setDisplayName] = useState('');
+  const [role, setRole] = useState<Role>(Role.Student);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [quickRole, setQuickRole] = useState<Role | null>(null);
+
+  // 已登录则直接跳转。
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!loading && user) {
+      router.replace(homeForRole(user.role));
+    }
+  }, [loading, user, router]);
+
+  async function handleSubmit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      const u =
+        mode === 'login'
+          ? await login(username, password)
+          : await register({ username, password, role, displayName });
+      router.replace(homeForRole(u.role));
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof ApiError) {
+        setError(err.body.message ?? '操作失败');
+      } else {
+        setError('网络错误，请确认后端服务已启动');
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 一键登录某测试账户。 */
+  async function quickLogin(acct: (typeof TEST_ACCOUNTS)[number]) {
+    setError(null);
+    setQuickRole(acct.role);
+    try {
+      const u = await login(acct.username, acct.password);
+      router.replace(homeForRole(u.role));
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof ApiError) {
+        setError(
+          `${ROLE_LABELS[acct.role]}测试账户登录失败：${err.body.message ?? ''}`,
+        );
+      } else {
+        setError('网络错误，请确认后端服务已启动');
+      }
+      setQuickRole(null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex min-h-screen items-center justify-center bg-gradient-to-br from-brand-50 to-slate-100 px-4">
+      <div className="w-full max-w-md">
+        <div className="mb-6 text-center">
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-brand-700">
+            医科高校 AI 学习中心
+          </h1>
+          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-slate-500">
+            学习 · 对练 · 画像 · 科研 · 协同
+          </p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="card">
+          <div className="mb-5 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 rounded-lg bg-slate-100 p-1">
+            {(['login', 'register'] as const).map((m) => (
+              <button
+                key={m}
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setMode(m);
+                  setError(null);
+                }}
+                className={`rounded-md py-2 text-sm font-medium transition ${
+                  mode === m
+                    ? 'bg-white text-brand-700 shadow-sm'
+                    : 'text-slate-500'
+                }`}
+              >
+                {m === 'login' ? '登录' : '注册'}
+              </button>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+
+          <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-4">
+            <div>
+              <label className="label">用户名</label>
+              <input
+                className="input"
+                value={username}
+                onChange={(e) => setUsername(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="至少 3 个字符"
+                autoComplete="username"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+
+            <div>
+              <label className="label">密码</label>
+              <input
+                className="input"
+                type="password"
+                value={password}
+                onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="至少 8 个字符"
+                autoComplete={
+                  mode === 'login' ? 'current-password' : 'new-password'
+                }
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+
+            {mode === 'register' && (
+              <>
+                <div>
+                  <label className="label">展示名</label>
+                  <input
+                    className="input"
+                    value={displayName}
+                    onChange={(e) => setDisplayName(e.target.value)}
+                    placeholder="如：张三"
+                    required
+                  />
+                </div>
+                <div>
+                  <label className="label">角色</label>
+                  <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2">
+                    {Object.values(Role).map((r) => (
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        key={r}
+                        onClick={() => setRole(r)}
+                        className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 text-sm transition ${
+                          role === r
+                            ? 'border-brand-500 bg-brand-50 text-brand-700'
+                            : 'border-slate-300 text-slate-600 hover:bg-slate-50'
+                        }`}
+                      >
+                        {ROLE_LABELS[r]}
+                      </button>
+                    ))}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </>
+            )}
+
+            {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+
+            <button
+              type="submit"
+              className="btn-primary w-full"
+              disabled={submitting}
+            >
+              {submitting
+                ? '处理中…'
+                : mode === 'login'
+                  ? '登录'
+                  : '注册并登录'}
+            </button>
+          </form>
+
+          <div className="mt-5 border-t border-slate-100 pt-4">
+            <p className="mb-2 text-center text-xs text-slate-400">
+              测试账户 · 一键登录
+            </p>
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2">
+              {TEST_ACCOUNTS.map((acct) => (
+                <button
+                  key={acct.role}
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => quickLogin(acct)}
+                  disabled={quickRole !== null}
+                  className="flex flex-col items-center rounded-lg border border-slate-200 px-2 py-2 text-center transition hover:border-brand-400 hover:bg-brand-50 disabled:opacity-60"
+                >
+                  <span className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-700">
+                    {ROLE_LABELS[acct.role]}
+                  </span>
+                  <span className="mt-0.5 text-[11px] text-slate-400">
+                    {quickRole === acct.role ? '登录中…' : acct.username}
+                  </span>
+                </button>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+            <p className="mt-2 text-center text-[11px] text-slate-300">
+              口令：student123 / mentor123 / admin123
+            </p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <p className="mt-4 text-center text-xs text-slate-400">
+          后端服务默认运行于 http://localhost:3000
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/mentor/comments/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/mentor/comments/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0a75cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/mentor/comments/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 成果点评：对指定学习成果添加点评，并查看该成果的全部点评。 */
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import { Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { mentorApi } from '@/lib/services';
+
+export default function MentorCommentsPage() {
+  const [achievementId, setAchievementId] = useState('');
+  const [comment, setComment] = useState('');
+  const [comments, setComments] = useState<any[] | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function loadComments() {
+    if (!achievementId) return;
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      const v = await mentorApi.listComments(achievementId);
+      setComments(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function addComment(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      await mentorApi.addComment(achievementId, comment);
+      setComment('');
+      await loadComments();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '点评失败');
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">成果点评</h1>
+
+      <Card title="点评学习成果">
+        <form onSubmit={addComment} className="space-y-4">
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">成果标识</label>
+            <div className="flex gap-2">
+              <input
+                className="input"
+                value={achievementId}
+                onChange={(e) => setAchievementId(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="输入学习成果的 ID"
+                required
+              />
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn-ghost shrink-0"
+                onClick={loadComments}
+                disabled={!achievementId || busy}
+              >
+                查看点评
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">点评内容</label>
+            <textarea
+              className="input"
+              rows={3}
+              value={comment}
+              onChange={(e) => setComment(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="填写对该成果的点评（对学生可见）"
+              required
+            />
+          </div>
+          {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+          <button className="btn-primary" disabled={busy}>
+            {busy ? '提交中…' : '提交点评'}
+          </button>
+        </form>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card title="该成果的点评">
+        {busy && <Loading />}
+        {comments === null ? (
+          <EmptyState message="输入成果标识并点击「查看点评」。" />
+        ) : comments.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="该成果暂无点评。" />
+        ) : (
+          <ul className="space-y-2">
+            {comments.map((c: any, i: number) => (
+              <li
+                key={c.id ?? i}
+                className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3 text-sm text-slate-600"
+              >
+                {c.comment ?? c.content ?? JSON.stringify(c)}
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/mentor/layout.tsx b/frontend/src/app/mentor/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb59719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/mentor/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { AppShell, type NavGroup } from '@/components/app-shell';
+import { Role } from '@/lib/types';
+
+const NAV: NavGroup[] = [
+  {
+    items: [
+      { href: '/mentor', label: '工作台', icon: 'home' },
+      { href: '/mentor/review', label: '题目审核', icon: 'clipboard-check' },
+      { href: '/mentor/comments', label: '成果点评', icon: 'message-square' },
+      { href: '/mentor/students', label: '带教学生画像', icon: 'user-check' },
+    ],
+  },
+];
+
+export default function MentorLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <AppShell requiredRole={Role.Mentor} nav={NAV} title="导师端">
+      {children}
+    </AppShell>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/mentor/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/mentor/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51688e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/mentor/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+'use client';
+
+import Link from 'next/link';
+
+import { Card } from '@/components/ui';
+import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+
+const FEATURES = [
+  {
+    href: '/mentor/review',
+    title: '题目审核',
+    desc: '审核学生练习题，通过或退回并填写原因。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/mentor/comments',
+    title: '成果点评',
+    desc: '对学生学习成果进行点评，点评对学生可见。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/mentor/students',
+    title: '带教学生画像',
+    desc: '查看所带学生的能力画像（脱敏授权）。',
+  },
+];
+
+export default function MentorHome() {
+  const { user } = useAuth();
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <div>
+        <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">
+          导师工作台，{user?.username}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-slate-500">审核、点评与带教管理。</p>
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3">
+        {FEATURES.map((f) => (
+          <Link key={f.href} href={f.href}>
+            <Card className="h-full transition hover:border-brand-300 hover:shadow-md">
+              <h2 className="text-base font-semibold text-brand-700">
+                {f.title}
+              </h2>
+              <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-slate-500">{f.desc}</p>
+            </Card>
+          </Link>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/mentor/review/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/mentor/review/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48bb527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/mentor/review/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 题目审核：输入题目标识，通过或退回（退回须填原因）。 */
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import { Card, ErrorBanner } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { mentorApi } from '@/lib/services';
+
+export default function MentorReviewPage() {
+  const [questionId, setQuestionId] = useState('');
+  const [decision, setDecision] = useState<'approve' | 'return'>('approve');
+  const [reason, setReason] = useState('');
+  const [result, setResult] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function submit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    setResult(null);
+    try {
+      const v = await mentorApi.reviewQuestion(questionId, {
+        decision,
+        reason: decision === 'return' ? reason : undefined,
+      });
+      setResult(v);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '审核失败');
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">题目审核</h1>
+
+      <Card title="审核题目">
+        <form onSubmit={submit} className="space-y-4">
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">题目标识</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={questionId}
+              onChange={(e) => setQuestionId(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="输入待审核题目的 ID"
+              required
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">审核决定</label>
+            <div className="flex gap-2">
+              {(['approve', 'return'] as const).map((d) => (
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  key={d}
+                  onClick={() => setDecision(d)}
+                  className={`rounded-lg border px-4 py-2 text-sm transition ${
+                    decision === d
+                      ? 'border-brand-500 bg-brand-50 text-brand-700'
+                      : 'border-slate-300 text-slate-600'
+                  }`}
+                >
+                  {d === 'approve' ? '通过' : '退回'}
+                </button>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          {decision === 'return' && (
+            <div>
+              <label className="label">退回原因</label>
+              <textarea
+                className="input"
+                rows={2}
+                value={reason}
+                onChange={(e) => setReason(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="说明退回原因"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+          )}
+          {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+          <button className="btn-primary" disabled={busy}>
+            {busy ? '提交中…' : '提交审核'}
+          </button>
+        </form>
+
+        {result && (
+          <div className="mt-4">
+            <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+              审核结果
+            </h3>
+            <pre className="overflow-auto rounded-lg bg-slate-50 p-3 text-xs text-slate-600">
+              {JSON.stringify(result, null, 2)}
+            </pre>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/mentor/students/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/mentor/students/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d28238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/mentor/students/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 带教学生画像：列出所带学生 → 查看某学生的画像（合规授权与脱敏由后端负责）。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { InfoRow, RawDetails } from '@/components/display';
+import { Badge, Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { mentorApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type { StudentProfileView } from '@/lib/types';
+
+export default function MentorStudentsPage() {
+  const [students, setStudents] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [profile, setProfile] = useState<StudentProfileView | null>(null);
+  const [activeStudent, setActiveStudent] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [profileError, setProfileError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [profileLoading, setProfileLoading] = useState(false);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const v = await mentorApi.listStudents();
+      setStudents(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function viewProfile(studentId: string) {
+    setActiveStudent(studentId);
+    setProfile(null);
+    setProfileError(null);
+    setProfileLoading(true);
+    try {
+      setProfile(await mentorApi.viewStudentProfile(studentId));
+    } catch (err) {
+      setProfileError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setProfileLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">带教学生画像</h1>
+
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        <Card title="所带学生" className="lg:col-span-1">
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : error ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          ) : students.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无带教学生。" />
+          ) : (
+            <ul className="space-y-1">
+              {students.map((s) => (
+                <li key={s}>
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => viewProfile(s)}
+                    className={`w-full rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm transition ${
+                      activeStudent === s
+                        ? 'bg-brand-50 font-medium text-brand-700'
+                        : 'text-slate-600 hover:bg-slate-100'
+                    }`}
+                  >
+                    {s}
+                  </button>
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </Card>
+
+        <Card title="学生画像" className="lg:col-span-2">
+          {!activeStudent ? (
+            <EmptyState message="从左侧选择一名学生查看画像。" />
+          ) : profileLoading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : profileError ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={profileError} />
+          ) : profile ? (
+            <ProfileViewCard profile={profile} />
+          ) : null}
+        </Card>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 学生画像视图：授权状态 + 字段（敏感字段脱敏标记）。 */
+function ProfileViewCard({ profile }: { profile: StudentProfileView }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4">
+      {profile.notice && (
+        <p className="rounded-lg bg-amber-50 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-amber-700">
+          ⚠️ {profile.notice}
+        </p>
+      )}
+
+      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+        {profile.fullAccess ? (
+          <Badge tone="green">完整访问</Badge>
+        ) : profile.authorized ? (
+          <Badge tone="blue">按授权范围</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <Badge tone="red">无有效授权</Badge>
+        )}
+        {profile.redactedFieldKeys?.length > 0 && (
+          <Badge tone="amber">
+            {profile.redactedFieldKeys.length} 个字段已脱敏
+          </Badge>
+        )}
+        <span className="text-xs text-slate-400">用途：{profile.purpose}</span>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="divide-y divide-slate-100">
+        {profile.fields?.map((f) => (
+          <div
+            key={f.key}
+            className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 py-2 text-sm"
+          >
+            <span className="text-slate-500">
+              {f.key}
+              {f.sensitive && (
+                <span className="ml-1.5 align-middle">
+                  <Badge tone="amber">敏感</Badge>
+                </span>
+              )}
+            </span>
+            <span
+              className={
+                f.redacted ? 'text-slate-300' : 'font-medium text-slate-700'
+              }
+            >
+              {f.redacted
+                ? '已脱敏'
+                : typeof f.value === 'object'
+                  ? JSON.stringify(f.value)
+                  : String(f.value)}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      <RawDetails data={profile} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..524e114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+
+import { homeForRole } from '@/components/app-shell';
+import { Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+
+/** 入口页：依据登录态与角色重定向到对应工作台或登录页。 */
+export default function HomePage() {
+  const { user, loading } = useAuth();
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (loading) return;
+    router.replace(user ? homeForRole(user.role) : '/login');
+  }, [user, loading, router]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex min-h-screen items-center justify-center">
+      <Loading label="正在进入…" />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/career/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/career/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0ecc07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/career/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 职业规划：设定职业目标 → 关联岗位胜任力模型 → 生成动态闭环发展规划。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import {
+  InfoRow,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+} from '@/components/display';
+import { Badge, Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { careerApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type {
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  CompetencyGap,
+  DevelopmentPlan,
+} from '@/lib/types';
+
+export default function CareerPage() {
+  const [goal, setGoal] = useState<CareerGoalAssociation | null>(null);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [goalId, setGoalId] = useState('');
+  const [goalTitle, setGoalTitle] = useState('');
+  const [goalDesc, setGoalDesc] = useState('');
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [formError, setFormError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [plan, setPlan] = useState<DevelopmentPlan | null>(null);
+  const [planError, setPlanError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [planning, setPlanning] = useState(false);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      setGoal(await careerApi.getGoal());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleSetGoal(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setFormError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      await careerApi.setGoal({
+        id: goalId,
+        title: goalTitle,
+        description: goalDesc || undefined,
+      });
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof ApiError) {
+        const recs = (err.body.details as any)?.recommendedGoals;
+        setFormError(
+          recs?.length
+            ? `${err.message}（建议目标：${recs
+                .map((r: any) => r.title ?? r.id ?? r)
+                .join('、')}）`
+            : err.message,
+        );
+      } else {
+        setFormError('设定失败');
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleGeneratePlan() {
+    const gid = goal?.goal?.id ?? goalId;
+    if (!gid) {
+      setPlanError('请先设定职业目标');
+      return;
+    }
+    setPlanError(null);
+    setPlanning(true);
+    try {
+      setPlan(await careerApi.generatePlan(gid));
+    } catch (err) {
+      setPlanError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '生成失败');
+    } finally {
+      setPlanning(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">职业规划</h1>
+
+      <Card title="设定职业目标">
+        <form
+          onSubmit={handleSetGoal}
+          className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3"
+        >
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">目标标识</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={goalId}
+              onChange={(e) => setGoalId(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="如：clinical-physician"
+              required
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">目标名称</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={goalTitle}
+              onChange={(e) => setGoalTitle(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="如：临床医师"
+              required
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">描述（可选）</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={goalDesc}
+              onChange={(e) => setGoalDesc(e.target.value)}
+            />
+          </div>
+          {formError && (
+            <div className="sm:col-span-3">
+              <ErrorBanner message={formError} />
+            </div>
+          )}
+          <div className="sm:col-span-3">
+            <button className="btn-primary" disabled={submitting}>
+              {submitting ? '提交中…' : '设定目标'}
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </form>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card
+        title="当前目标与岗位胜任力模型"
+        actions={
+          <button
+            className="btn-ghost"
+            onClick={handleGeneratePlan}
+            disabled={planning}
+          >
+            {planning ? '生成中…' : '生成发展规划'}
+          </button>
+        }
+      >
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : error ? (
+          <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+        ) : !goal ? (
+          <EmptyState message="尚未设定职业目标。" />
+        ) : (
+          <div className="space-y-4">
+            <div className="rounded-lg bg-slate-50 p-4">
+              <InfoRow label="职业目标">{goal.goal?.title}</InfoRow>
+              <InfoRow label="参照框架">{goal.model?.framework}</InfoRow>
+              {goal.goal?.description && (
+                <InfoRow label="目标说明">{goal.goal.description}</InfoRow>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-2">
+              {goal.model?.dimensions?.map((d) => (
+                <div
+                  key={d.dimension}
+                  className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3"
+                >
+                  <p className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-brand-700">
+                    {d.dimensionName}
+                  </p>
+                  <div className="space-y-2">
+                    {d.competencyTags?.map((t) => (
+                      <ScoreBar
+                        key={t.tagId}
+                        label={t.tagName ?? t.tagId}
+                        score={t.requiredLevel}
+                        tone="brand"
+                      />
+                    ))}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {planError && (
+          <div className="mt-4">
+            <ErrorBanner message={planError} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {plan && <DevelopmentPlanView plan={plan} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 发展规划展示：能力差距项 + 建议行动 + 推荐资源。 */
+function DevelopmentPlanView({ plan }: { plan: DevelopmentPlan }) {
+  const gapCount = plan.gaps?.length ?? 0;
+  const missingCount = plan.gaps?.filter((g) => g.missingData).length ?? 0;
+
+  return (
+    <Card
+      title={`发展规划 · ${plan.goalTitle}`}
+      actions={
+        <div className="flex gap-2">
+          <Badge tone="amber">{gapCount} 项能力差距</Badge>
+          {missingCount > 0 && <Badge tone="slate">{missingCount} 项缺数据</Badge>}
+        </div>
+      }
+    >
+      {gapCount === 0 ? (
+        <EmptyState message="未发现能力差距，已达到目标岗位要求。" />
+      ) : (
+        <ul className="space-y-4">
+          {plan.gaps.map((gap) => (
+            <GapItem key={gap.tagId} gap={gap} />
+          ))}
+        </ul>
+      )}
+      <RawDetails data={plan} />
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
+
+function GapItem({ gap }: { gap: CompetencyGap }) {
+  return (
+    <li className="rounded-lg border border-slate-200 p-4">
+      <div className="mb-3 flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+        <div>
+          <p className="font-medium text-slate-800">{gap.tagName}</p>
+          <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-slate-400">{gap.dimensionName}</p>
+        </div>
+        {gap.missingData ? (
+          <Badge tone="slate">缺数据</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <Badge tone="amber">待提升</Badge>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <ScoreBar
+        label="当前水平"
+        score={gap.missingData ? 'insufficient_data' : gap.currentLevel}
+        required={gap.requiredLevel}
+        tone="red"
+      />
+
+      {gap.suggestedActions?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-3">
+          <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-slate-500">建议行动</p>
+          <ul className="space-y-1">
+            {gap.suggestedActions.map((a, i) => (
+              <li key={i} className="text-sm text-slate-600">
+                · {a.description}
+                <span className="ml-1 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                  （目标水平 {a.targetLevel}）
+                </span>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div className="mt-3">
+        <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-slate-500">
+          推荐学习资源 / 对练任务
+        </p>
+        {gap.recommendedResources?.length > 0 ? (
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+            {gap.recommendedResources.map((r) => (
+              <span
+                key={r.id}
+                className="rounded-md border border-brand-200 bg-brand-50 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-brand-700"
+              >
+                {r.type === 'practice_task' ? '🎯 ' : '📘 '}
+                {r.title}
+              </span>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <p className="text-xs text-slate-400">
+            {gap.resourceNote ?? '暂无可推荐资源'}
+          </p>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </li>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/clinical/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/clinical/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d9a469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/clinical/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练：输入情景标识发起会话 → 逐轮对话 → 结束生成三维评估报告。
+ *
+ * 对话历史在本地累积展示；系统应答取自每轮返回。
+ */
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import {
+  CredibilityBadge,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+  StatTile,
+} from '@/components/display';
+import { Card, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { clinicalApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type { DialogueReport } from '@/lib/types';
+
+interface ChatTurn {
+  role: 'student' | 'system';
+  text: string;
+}
+
+export default function ClinicalPage() {
+  const [scenarioId, setScenarioId] = useState('');
+  const [session, setSession] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [turns, setTurns] = useState<ChatTurn[]>([]);
+  const [input, setInput] = useState('');
+  const [report, setReport] = useState<DialogueReport | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      after?.(await fn());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '操作失败');
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function extractSystemReply(v: any): string {
+    return (
+      v?.systemResponse ??
+      v?.reply ??
+      v?.message ??
+      v?.turn?.systemResponse ??
+      JSON.stringify(v)
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">临床对话对练</h1>
+
+      <Card title="发起对练">
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-3">
+          <div className="flex-1 min-w-[220px]">
+            <label className="label">情景标识</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={scenarioId}
+              onChange={(e) => setScenarioId(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="如：chest-pain-triage"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <button
+            className="btn-primary"
+            disabled={!scenarioId || busy}
+            onClick={() =>
+              run(
+                () => clinicalApi.start(scenarioId),
+                (v: any) => {
+                  setSession(v);
+                  setTurns([]);
+                  setReport(null);
+                },
+              )
+            }
+          >
+            开始对话
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        {error && (
+          <div className="mt-4">
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {session && !report && (
+        <Card title="对话">
+          <div className="mb-4 max-h-96 space-y-3 overflow-auto">
+            {turns.length === 0 && (
+              <p className="text-sm text-slate-400">
+                输入你的第一句话开始对话。
+              </p>
+            )}
+            {turns.map((t, i) => (
+              <div
+                key={i}
+                className={`flex ${t.role === 'student' ? 'justify-end' : 'justify-start'}`}
+              >
+                <div
+                  className={`max-w-[80%] rounded-2xl px-4 py-2 text-sm ${
+                    t.role === 'student'
+                      ? 'bg-brand-600 text-white'
+                      : 'bg-slate-100 text-slate-700'
+                  }`}
+                >
+                  {t.text}
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+
+          {busy && <Loading />}
+
+          <div className="flex gap-3">
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={input}
+              onChange={(e) => setInput(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="输入对话内容…"
+              onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                if (e.key === 'Enter' && input && !busy) {
+                  e.preventDefault();
+                  const text = input;
+                  setTurns((t) => [...t, { role: 'student', text }]);
+                  setInput('');
+                  run(
+                    () => clinicalApi.sendTurn(session.id, { studentInput: text }),
+                    (v: any) =>
+                      setTurns((t) => [
+                        ...t,
+                        { role: 'system', text: extractSystemReply(v) },
+                      ]),
+                  );
+                }
+              }}
+            />
+            <button
+              className="btn-primary"
+              disabled={!input || busy}
+              onClick={() => {
+                const text = input;
+                setTurns((t) => [...t, { role: 'student', text }]);
+                setInput('');
+                run(
+                  () => clinicalApi.sendTurn(session.id, { studentInput: text }),
+                  (v: any) =>
+                    setTurns((t) => [
+                      ...t,
+                      { role: 'system', text: extractSystemReply(v) },
+                    ]),
+                );
+              }}
+            >
+              发送
+            </button>
+            <button
+              className="btn-ghost"
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => clinicalApi.finish(session.id),
+                  (v: any) => setReport(v),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              结束并评估
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {report && (
+        <Card title="三维评估报告">
+          <div className="mb-4 flex items-center gap-4">
+            <StatTile
+              label="综合评分"
+              value={report.overallScore?.toFixed?.(0) ?? report.overallScore}
+              tone="blue"
+            />
+            <div className="text-sm text-slate-500">
+              共 {report.turnCount} 轮对话
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="space-y-3">
+            {report.dimensions?.map((d) => (
+              <div key={d.dimension}>
+                <ScoreBar
+                  label={d.dimensionName}
+                  score={d.score}
+                  tone={d.score >= 60 ? 'green' : 'amber'}
+                />
+                {d.comment && (
+                  <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-500">{d.comment}</p>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="mt-4">
+            <CredibilityBadge annotation={report.annotation} />
+          </div>
+
+          <RawDetails data={report} />
+        </Card>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/collaboration/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/collaboration/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a73d526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/collaboration/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同训练：列出协同训练任务 → 完成任务并评估四个协同能力维度 → 查看导师点评。
+ */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import {
+  CredibilityBadge,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+  StatTile,
+} from '@/components/display';
+import { Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { collaborationApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type { CollaborationAssessment } from '@/lib/types';
+
+export default function CollaborationPage() {
+  const [tasks, setTasks] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [comments, setComments] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [activeTask, setActiveTask] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [content, setContent] = useState('');
+  const [adopted, setAdopted] = useState(false);
+  const [assessment, setAssessment] = useState<CollaborationAssessment | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [submitError, setSubmitError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const [t, c] = await Promise.all([
+        collaborationApi.listTasks(),
+        collaborationApi.listComments(),
+      ]);
+      setTasks(Array.isArray(t) ? t : []);
+      setComments(Array.isArray(c) ? c : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleEvaluate() {
+    if (!activeTask) return;
+    setSubmitError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      const v = await collaborationApi.evaluateTask(
+        activeTask.id ?? activeTask.taskId,
+        { content, adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput: adopted },
+      );
+      setAssessment(v);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setSubmitError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '评估失败');
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">AI 协同训练</h1>
+
+      <Card title="协同训练任务">
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : error ? (
+          <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+        ) : tasks.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="暂无训练任务。" />
+        ) : (
+          <ul className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
+            {tasks.map((t: any, i: number) => (
+              <li
+                key={t.id ?? i}
+                className={`cursor-pointer rounded-lg border p-3 transition ${
+                  activeTask?.id === t.id
+                    ? 'border-brand-500 bg-brand-50'
+                    : 'border-slate-200 hover:border-brand-300'
+                }`}
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setActiveTask(t);
+                  setAssessment(null);
+                  setContent('');
+                  setAdopted(false);
+                }}
+              >
+                <p className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-700">
+                  {t.title ?? t.name ?? t.id}
+                </p>
+                {t.dimension && (
+                  <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                    维度：{t.dimension}
+                  </p>
+                )}
+                {t.description && (
+                  <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-500">{t.description}</p>
+                )}
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {activeTask && (
+        <Card title={`完成任务：${activeTask.title ?? activeTask.id}`}>
+          <div className="space-y-3">
+            <div>
+              <label className="label">任务说明 / 产出</label>
+              <textarea
+                className="input"
+                rows={3}
+                value={content}
+                onChange={(e) => setContent(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="描述你的完成过程与产出"
+              />
+            </div>
+            <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-slate-600">
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                checked={adopted}
+                onChange={(e) => setAdopted(e.target.checked)}
+              />
+              直接采用了未经来源核验的 AI 输出
+            </label>
+            {submitError && <ErrorBanner message={submitError} />}
+            <button
+              className="btn-primary"
+              disabled={submitting}
+              onClick={handleEvaluate}
+            >
+              {submitting ? '评估中…' : '提交并评估'}
+            </button>
+          </div>
+
+          {assessment && (
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              {assessment.requiresSourceVerification && (
+                <p className="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-amber-700">
+                  ⚠️ {assessment.verificationPrompt ?? '请对 AI 输出进行来源核验'}
+                </p>
+              )}
+
+              <div className="mb-4">
+                <StatTile
+                  label="综合评分"
+                  value={
+                    typeof assessment.overallScore === 'number'
+                      ? assessment.overallScore.toFixed(0)
+                      : '数据不足'
+                  }
+                  tone="blue"
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+                四维协同能力评估
+              </h3>
+              <div className="space-y-3">
+                {assessment.dimensions?.map((d) => (
+                  <div key={d.dimension}>
+                    <ScoreBar
+                      label={d.dimensionName}
+                      score={d.score}
+                      tone={
+                        typeof d.score === 'number' && d.score >= 60
+                          ? 'green'
+                          : 'amber'
+                      }
+                    />
+                    {d.comment && (
+                      <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-500">{d.comment}</p>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+
+              <div className="mt-4">
+                <CredibilityBadge annotation={assessment.annotation} />
+              </div>
+
+              <RawDetails data={assessment} />
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      <Card title="导师点评">
+        {comments.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="暂无导师点评。" />
+        ) : (
+          <ul className="space-y-2">
+            {comments.map((c: any, i: number) => (
+              <li
+                key={c.id ?? i}
+                className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3 text-sm text-slate-600"
+              >
+                {c.comment ?? c.content ?? JSON.stringify(c)}
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/layout.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8502f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { AppShell, type NavGroup } from '@/components/app-shell';
+import { Role } from '@/lib/types';
+
+const NAV: NavGroup[] = [
+  { items: [{ href: '/student', label: '工作台', icon: 'home' }] },
+  {
+    label: '学习训练',
+    items: [
+      { href: '/student/learning-space', label: '学习空间', icon: 'book-open' },
+      { href: '/student/practice', label: '课程对练', icon: 'target' },
+      { href: '/student/clinical', label: '临床对话对练', icon: 'stethoscope' },
+      { href: '/student/collaboration', label: 'AI 协同训练', icon: 'users' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: '成长发展',
+    items: [
+      { href: '/student/profile', label: '能力画像', icon: 'chart' },
+      { href: '/student/career', label: '职业规划', icon: 'compass' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: '研究',
+    items: [
+      { href: '/student/research', label: '研究资料查询', icon: 'search' },
+    ],
+  },
+];
+
+export default function StudentLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <AppShell requiredRole={Role.Student} nav={NAV} title="学生端">
+      {children}
+    </AppShell>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/learning-space/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/learning-space/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf92300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/learning-space/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 学习空间：新增学习成果 + 按筛选条件分页检索。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { Badge, Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { learningSpaceApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import {
+  ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS,
+  AchievementType,
+  type Achievement,
+  type Paginated,
+} from '@/lib/types';
+
+export default function LearningSpacePage() {
+  const [page, setPage] = useState<Paginated<Achievement> | null>(null);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [filterType, setFilterType] = useState<string>('');
+  const [pageNum, setPageNum] = useState(1);
+
+  // 表单状态
+  const [type, setType] = useState<AchievementType>(
+    AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+  );
+  const [title, setTitle] = useState('');
+  const [occurredAt, setOccurredAt] = useState(
+    () => new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+  );
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [formError, setFormError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const result = await learningSpaceApi.listAchievements({
+        type: filterType ? (filterType as AchievementType) : undefined,
+        page: pageNum,
+        pageSize: 10,
+      });
+      setPage(result);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [filterType, pageNum]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleAdd(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setFormError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      await learningSpaceApi.addAchievement({
+        type,
+        title,
+        occurredAt: new Date(occurredAt).toISOString(),
+      });
+      setTitle('');
+      setPageNum(1);
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setFormError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '新增失败');
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const totalPages = page ? Math.max(1, Math.ceil(page.total / page.pageSize)) : 1;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">学习空间</h1>
+
+      <Card title="新增学习成果">
+        <form
+          onSubmit={handleAdd}
+          className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-4"
+        >
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">类型</label>
+            <select
+              className="input"
+              value={type}
+              onChange={(e) => setType(e.target.value as AchievementType)}
+            >
+              {Object.values(AchievementType).map((t) => (
+                <option key={t} value={t}>
+                  {ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS[t]}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
+          </div>
+          <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+            <label className="label">标题</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={title}
+              onChange={(e) => setTitle(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="如：完成内科学期末考试"
+              required
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div>
+            <label className="label">日期</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              type="date"
+              value={occurredAt}
+              onChange={(e) => setOccurredAt(e.target.value)}
+              required
+            />
+          </div>
+          {formError && (
+            <div className="sm:col-span-4">
+              <ErrorBanner message={formError} />
+            </div>
+          )}
+          <div className="sm:col-span-4">
+            <button className="btn-primary" disabled={submitting}>
+              {submitting ? '提交中…' : '新增成果'}
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </form>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card
+        title="我的学习成果"
+        actions={
+          <select
+            className="input max-w-[140px]"
+            value={filterType}
+            onChange={(e) => {
+              setFilterType(e.target.value);
+              setPageNum(1);
+            }}
+          >
+            <option value="">全部类型</option>
+            {Object.values(AchievementType).map((t) => (
+              <option key={t} value={t}>
+                {ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS[t]}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        }
+      >
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : error ? (
+          <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+        ) : !page || page.items.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="暂无学习成果，先在上方新增一条吧。" />
+        ) : (
+          <>
+            <ul className="divide-y divide-slate-100">
+              {page.items.map((a) => (
+                <li
+                  key={a.id}
+                  className="flex items-center justify-between py-3"
+                >
+                  <div>
+                    <p className="font-medium text-slate-800">{a.title}</p>
+                    <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                      {new Date(a.occurredAt).toLocaleDateString('zh-CN')}
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                  <Badge tone="blue">
+                    {ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS[a.type] ?? a.type}
+                  </Badge>
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+
+            <div className="mt-4 flex items-center justify-between text-sm text-slate-500">
+              <span>共 {page.total} 条</span>
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <button
+                  className="btn-ghost"
+                  disabled={pageNum <= 1}
+                  onClick={() => setPageNum((p) => p - 1)}
+                >
+                  上一页
+                </button>
+                <span>
+                  {page.page} / {totalPages}
+                </span>
+                <button
+                  className="btn-ghost"
+                  disabled={pageNum >= totalPages}
+                  onClick={() => setPageNum((p) => p + 1)}
+                >
+                  下一页
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46c0e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use client';
+
+import Link from 'next/link';
+
+import { Card } from '@/components/ui';
+import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+
+const FEATURES = [
+  {
+    href: '/student/learning-space',
+    title: '学习空间',
+    desc: '记录课程、实践、科研等学习成果，标记成长里程碑。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/student/profile',
+    title: '能力画像',
+    desc: '查看六维度能力量化画像与数据来源追溯。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/student/career',
+    title: '职业规划',
+    desc: '设定职业目标，生成动态闭环发展规划。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/student/practice',
+    title: '课程对练',
+    desc: '基于课程内容生成练习题并进行对练。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/student/clinical',
+    title: '临床对话对练',
+    desc: '在临床情景中与 AI 角色对话，获得三维评估。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/student/research',
+    title: '研究资料查询',
+    desc: '自然语言转检索式，检索、总结并生成引用。',
+  },
+  {
+    href: '/student/collaboration',
+    title: 'AI 协同训练',
+    desc: '完成协同任务，评估四个协同能力维度。',
+  },
+];
+
+export default function StudentHome() {
+  const { user } = useAuth();
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <div>
+        <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">
+          欢迎，{user?.username}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-slate-500">
+          选择下面的功能开始今天的学习与训练。
+        </p>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        {FEATURES.map((f) => (
+          <Link key={f.href} href={f.href}>
+            <Card className="h-full transition hover:border-brand-300 hover:shadow-md">
+              <h2 className="text-base font-semibold text-brand-700">
+                {f.title}
+              </h2>
+              <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-slate-500">{f.desc}</p>
+            </Card>
+          </Link>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/practice/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/practice/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e358667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/practice/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练：输入课程标识 → 生成题目 → 查看可对练题目 → 发起对练逐题作答 → 结束生成报告。
+ *
+ * 题目结构由后端动态生成，前端以宽松对象消费并展示题干/选项；作答提交后端逐题判定。
+ */
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import {
+  CredibilityBadge,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+  StatTile,
+} from '@/components/display';
+import { Badge, Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { practiceApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type { AnswerResult, PracticeReport } from '@/lib/types';
+
+export default function PracticePage() {
+  const [courseId, setCourseId] = useState('');
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [questions, setQuestions] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [session, setSession] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState('');
+  const [lastResult, setLastResult] = useState<AnswerResult | null>(null);
+  const [report, setReport] = useState<PracticeReport | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      const v = await fn();
+      after?.(v);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '操作失败');
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const currentQuestion: any =
+    session?.questions?.[session?.currentIndex ?? 0] ??
+    session?.currentQuestion ??
+    null;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">课程对练</h1>
+
+      <Card title="选择课程">
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-3">
+          <div className="flex-1 min-w-[220px]">
+            <label className="label">课程标识</label>
+            <input
+              className="input"
+              value={courseId}
+              onChange={(e) => setCourseId(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="如：internal-medicine-101"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <button
+            className="btn-primary"
+            disabled={!courseId || busy}
+            onClick={() =>
+              run(
+                () => practiceApi.generateQuestions(courseId, {}),
+                (v: any) => setQuestions(v?.questions ?? v?.items ?? []),
+              )
+            }
+          >
+            生成题目
+          </button>
+          <button
+            className="btn-ghost"
+            disabled={!courseId || busy}
+            onClick={() =>
+              run(
+                () => practiceApi.listAvailableQuestions(courseId),
+                (v: any) => setQuestions(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []),
+              )
+            }
+          >
+            查看可对练题目
+          </button>
+          <button
+            className="btn-ghost"
+            disabled={!courseId || busy}
+            onClick={() =>
+              run(
+                () => practiceApi.startSession(courseId),
+                (v: any) => {
+                  setSession(v);
+                  setReport(null);
+                  setLastResult(null);
+                },
+              )
+            }
+          >
+            发起对练
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        {error && (
+          <div className="mt-4">
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {busy && <Loading />}
+
+      {questions.length > 0 && (
+        <Card title={`题目（${questions.length}）`}>
+          <ul className="space-y-3">
+            {questions.map((q: any, i: number) => (
+              <li key={q.id ?? i} className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3">
+                <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+                  <p className="text-sm text-slate-700">
+                    {i + 1}. {q.stem ?? q.title ?? q.content ?? '（题干）'}
+                  </p>
+                  {q.reviewStatus && (
+                    <Badge tone="amber">{q.reviewStatus}</Badge>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+                {Array.isArray(q.options) && (
+                  <ul className="mt-2 space-y-1 text-xs text-slate-500">
+                    {q.options.map((o: any, oi: number) => (
+                      <li key={oi}>
+                        {o.key ?? String.fromCharCode(65 + oi)}.{' '}
+                        {o.text ?? o.label ?? String(o)}
+                      </li>
+                    ))}
+                  </ul>
+                )}
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {session && !report && (
+        <Card title="进行对练">
+          {currentQuestion ? (
+            <div className="space-y-3">
+              <p className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-700">
+                {currentQuestion.stem ??
+                  currentQuestion.title ??
+                  currentQuestion.content ??
+                  '当前题目'}
+              </p>
+              {Array.isArray(currentQuestion.options) && (
+                <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs text-slate-500">
+                  {currentQuestion.options.map((o: any, oi: number) => (
+                    <li key={oi}>
+                      {o.key ?? String.fromCharCode(65 + oi)}.{' '}
+                      {o.text ?? o.label ?? String(o)}
+                    </li>
+                  ))}
+                </ul>
+              )}
+              <textarea
+                className="input"
+                rows={3}
+                value={answer}
+                onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="输入你的作答（选择题填选项 key，分析题填要点）"
+              />
+              <div className="flex gap-3">
+                <button
+                  className="btn-primary"
+                  disabled={busy || !answer}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    run(
+                      () =>
+                        practiceApi.submitAnswer(session.id, {
+                          questionId:
+                            currentQuestion.id ?? currentQuestion.questionId,
+                          answer,
+                        }),
+                      (v: any) => {
+                        setLastResult(v);
+                        setAnswer('');
+                        if (v?.session) setSession(v.session);
+                      },
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  提交作答
+                </button>
+                <button
+                  className="btn-ghost"
+                  disabled={busy}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    run(
+                      () => practiceApi.finishSession(session.id),
+                      (v: any) => setReport(v),
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  结束并生成报告
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <EmptyState message="本次对练暂无可作答题目，可直接结束生成报告。" />
+          )}
+
+          {lastResult && (
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              <div
+                className={`flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-3 text-sm ${
+                  lastResult.correct
+                    ? 'bg-green-50 text-green-700'
+                    : 'bg-red-50 text-red-700'
+                }`}
+              >
+                <span className="font-medium">
+                  {lastResult.correct ? '✓ 回答正确' : '✗ 回答错误'}
+                </span>
+                {lastResult.timedOut && (
+                  <Badge tone="amber">超时判错</Badge>
+                )}
+                <span className="ml-auto text-xs text-slate-400">
+                  用时 {(lastResult.elapsedMs / 1000).toFixed(1)} 秒
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              {lastResult.next && (
+                <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                  下一题：第 {lastResult.next.position} / {lastResult.next.total} 题
+                </p>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {report && <PracticeReportView report={report} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 对练报告：正确率、用时、能力标签统计、薄弱环节与改进建议。 */
+function PracticeReportView({ report }: { report: PracticeReport }) {
+  return (
+    <Card title="对练报告">
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-4">
+        <StatTile
+          label="正确率"
+          value={`${report.accuracy.toFixed(0)}%`}
+          tone={report.accuracy >= 60 ? 'green' : 'red'}
+        />
+        <StatTile label="题目总数" value={report.totalQuestions} />
+        <StatTile label="正确 / 错误" value={`${report.correctCount}/${report.incorrectCount}`} />
+        <StatTile
+          label="总用时"
+          value={`${report.totalTimeSeconds}s`}
+          tone="blue"
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      {report.tagBreakdown?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-5">
+          <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+            能力标签正确率
+          </h3>
+          <div className="space-y-2">
+            {report.tagBreakdown.map((t) => (
+              <ScoreBar
+                key={t.tagId}
+                label={`${t.tagId}（${t.correctCount}/${t.totalQuestions}）`}
+                score={t.correctnessRate}
+                tone={t.correctnessRate >= 60 ? 'green' : 'red'}
+              />
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {report.weakAreas?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-5">
+          <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+            薄弱环节（正确率 &lt; 60%）
+          </h3>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+            {report.weakAreas.map((w) => (
+              <Badge key={w.tagId} tone="red">
+                {w.tagName ?? w.tagId}（{w.correctnessRate.toFixed(0)}%）
+              </Badge>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {report.suggestions?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-5">
+          <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+            改进建议
+          </h3>
+          <ul className="space-y-3">
+            {report.suggestions.map((s, i) => (
+              <li key={i} className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3">
+                <p className="text-sm text-slate-700">{s.content}</p>
+                <div className="mt-2">
+                  <CredibilityBadge annotation={s.annotation} />
+                </div>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <RawDetails data={report} />
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/profile/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/profile/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80db77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/profile/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 能力画像：生成/刷新六维度画像并以条形可视化展示。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+import { Badge, Card, EmptyState, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { profileApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import { DIMENSION_LABELS, type StudentProfile } from '@/lib/types';
+
+export default function ProfilePage() {
+  const [profile, setProfile] = useState<StudentProfile | null>(null);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      setProfile(await profileApi.generate());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '加载失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+        <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">能力画像</h1>
+        <button className="btn-ghost" onClick={load} disabled={loading}>
+          刷新画像
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <Card title="六维度能力概览">
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : error ? (
+          <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+        ) : !profile || profile.dimensions.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="暂无足够数据生成画像，先在学习空间录入成果。" />
+        ) : (
+          <div className="space-y-4">
+            {profile.dimensions.map((d) => {
+              const label = d.dimensionName ?? DIMENSION_LABELS[d.dimension] ?? d.dimension;
+              const numericScore =
+                typeof d.score === 'number' ? d.score : Number(d.score);
+              const insufficient =
+                d.score === null ||
+                d.score === undefined ||
+                d.score === 'insufficient_data' ||
+                Number.isNaN(numericScore);
+              const score = insufficient ? 0 : numericScore;
+              return (
+                <div key={d.dimension}>
+                  <div className="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+                    <span className="font-medium text-slate-700">
+                      {label}
+                      {d.sensitive && (
+                        <span className="ml-2 align-middle">
+                          <Badge tone="red">敏感</Badge>
+                        </span>
+                      )}
+                    </span>
+                    {insufficient ? (
+                      <Badge tone="amber">数据不足</Badge>
+                    ) : (
+                      <span className="text-slate-500">{score.toFixed(0)}</span>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="h-2.5 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-slate-100">
+                    <div
+                      className={`h-full rounded-full ${
+                        insufficient ? 'bg-amber-300' : 'bg-brand-500'
+                      }`}
+                      style={{ width: `${insufficient ? 8 : score}%` }}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              );
+            })}
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/student/research/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/student/research/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5ca8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/student/research/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询：自然语言问题 → 生成检索式 → 在选定来源检索 → 总结 / 生成引用。
+ *
+ * 检索式、检索结果等复杂对象由后端产出后在前端状态中原样回传给后续端点（与后端约定一致）。
+ */
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+import { CredibilityBadge, InfoRow, RawDetails } from '@/components/display';
+import { Badge, Card, ErrorBanner, Loading } from '@/components/ui';
+import { ApiError } from '@/lib/api';
+import { researchApi } from '@/lib/services';
+import type { Citation, SearchQuery, Summary } from '@/lib/types';
+
+const SOURCES = ['PUBMED', 'CNKI', 'WANFANG', 'UPTODATE', 'COCHRANE'];
+
+/** 证据分级 → 配色（越强越绿）。 */
+function evidenceTone(level: string): 'green' | 'blue' | 'amber' | 'slate' {
+  if (level.startsWith('1')) return 'green';
+  if (level.startsWith('2')) return 'blue';
+  if (level.startsWith('3') || level === '4') return 'amber';
+  return 'slate';
+}
+
+export default function ResearchPage() {
+  const [question, setQuestion] = useState('');
+  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState<SearchQuery | null>(null);
+  const [selectedSources, setSelectedSources] = useState<string[]>(['PUBMED']);
+  const [results, setResults] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [summary, setSummary] = useState<Summary | null>(null);
+  const [citations, setCitations] = useState<Citation[] | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      after?.(await fn());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '操作失败');
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const items: any[] = results?.page?.items ?? results?.items ?? [];
+
+  function toggleSource(s: string) {
+    setSelectedSources((prev) =>
+      prev.includes(s) ? prev.filter((x) => x !== s) : [...prev, s],
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">研究资料查询</h1>
+
+      <Card title="① 生成检索式">
+        <div className="space-y-3">
+          <textarea
+            className="input"
+            rows={2}
+            value={question}
+            onChange={(e) => setQuestion(e.target.value)}
+            placeholder="用自然语言描述研究问题，如：他汀类药物对老年冠心病患者二级预防的疗效"
+          />
+          <button
+            className="btn-primary"
+            disabled={!question || busy}
+            onClick={() =>
+              run(
+                () => researchApi.generateSearchQuery({ question }),
+                (v: any) => {
+                  setSearchQuery(v?.query ?? v);
+                  setResults(null);
+                  setSummary(null);
+                  setCitations(null);
+                },
+              )
+            }
+          >
+            生成检索式
+          </button>
+
+          {searchQuery && (
+            <div className="rounded-lg border border-slate-200 bg-slate-50 p-4">
+              <p className="mb-2 font-mono text-sm text-brand-700">
+                {searchQuery.expression}
+              </p>
+              {searchQuery.meshTerms?.length > 0 && (
+                <div className="mb-2 flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
+                  {searchQuery.meshTerms.map((m) => (
+                    <Badge key={m} tone="blue">
+                      MeSH: {m}
+                    </Badge>
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+              )}
+              {searchQuery.pico && (
+                <div className="mt-2 grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-4 text-xs sm:grid-cols-4">
+                  {searchQuery.pico.population && (
+                    <InfoRow label="P 人群">{searchQuery.pico.population}</InfoRow>
+                  )}
+                  {searchQuery.pico.intervention && (
+                    <InfoRow label="I 干预">
+                      {searchQuery.pico.intervention}
+                    </InfoRow>
+                  )}
+                  {searchQuery.pico.comparison && (
+                    <InfoRow label="C 对照">{searchQuery.pico.comparison}</InfoRow>
+                  )}
+                  {searchQuery.pico.outcome && (
+                    <InfoRow label="O 结局">{searchQuery.pico.outcome}</InfoRow>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              )}
+              {searchQuery.rationale && (
+                <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                  {searchQuery.rationale}
+                </p>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+
+      {searchQuery && (
+        <Card title="② 检索资料">
+          <div className="mb-3 flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+            {SOURCES.map((s) => (
+              <button
+                key={s}
+                type="button"
+                onClick={() => toggleSource(s)}
+                className={`rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-xs transition ${
+                  selectedSources.includes(s)
+                    ? 'border-brand-500 bg-brand-50 text-brand-700'
+                    : 'border-slate-300 text-slate-500'
+                }`}
+              >
+                {s}
+              </button>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+          <button
+            className="btn-primary"
+            disabled={busy || selectedSources.length === 0}
+            onClick={() =>
+              run(
+                () =>
+                  researchApi.search({
+                    query: searchQuery,
+                    sources: selectedSources,
+                  }),
+                (v: any) => setResults(v),
+              )
+            }
+          >
+            检索
+          </button>
+
+          {results?.empty && (
+            <p className="mt-4 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-amber-700">
+              {results.notice ?? '未找到匹配资料'}
+            </p>
+          )}
+
+          {items.length > 0 && (
+            <ul className="mt-4 space-y-2">
+              {items.map((it: any, i: number) => (
+                <li
+                  key={it.id ?? i}
+                  className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3"
+                >
+                  <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+                    <a
+                      href={it.url}
+                      target="_blank"
+                      rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                      className="text-sm font-medium text-brand-700 hover:underline"
+                    >
+                      {it.title}
+                    </a>
+                    {it.source && <Badge tone="blue">{it.source}</Badge>}
+                  </div>
+                  {it.authors && (
+                    <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-400">
+                      {Array.isArray(it.authors)
+                        ? it.authors.join(', ')
+                        : it.authors}
+                      {it.publishedAt && ` · ${it.publishedAt}`}
+                    </p>
+                  )}
+                  {it.abstract && (
+                    <p className="mt-1 line-clamp-2 text-xs text-slate-500">
+                      {it.abstract}
+                    </p>
+                  )}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {items.length > 0 && (
+        <Card title="③ 总结与引用">
+          <div className="flex gap-3">
+            <button
+              className="btn-ghost"
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => researchApi.summarize({ items }),
+                  (v: Summary) => setSummary(v),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              生成总结
+            </button>
+            <button
+              className="btn-ghost"
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () =>
+                    researchApi.generateCitation({
+                      items,
+                      format: 'VANCOUVER',
+                    }),
+                  (v: Citation[]) => setCitations(v),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              生成引用（Vancouver）
+            </button>
+          </div>
+
+          {summary && <SummaryView summary={summary} />}
+
+          {citations && citations.length > 0 && (
+            <div className="mt-5">
+              <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+                引用（{citations.length}）
+              </h3>
+              <ol className="list-inside list-decimal space-y-1.5 text-sm text-slate-600">
+                {citations.map((c, i) => (
+                  <li key={c.itemId ?? i}>{c.text}</li>
+                ))}
+              </ol>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {busy && <Loading />}
+      {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 资料总结：结论（含可追溯/未验证）+ 证据分级 + 提示 + 可信度。 */
+function SummaryView({ summary }: { summary: Summary }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="mt-5">
+      <p className="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-amber-700">
+        ⚠️ {summary.notice}
+      </p>
+
+      <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">总结结论</h3>
+      <ul className="space-y-2">
+        {summary.conclusions?.map((c) => (
+          <li
+            key={c.id}
+            className="rounded-lg border border-slate-100 p-3 text-sm"
+          >
+            <p className="text-slate-700">{c.statement}</p>
+            <div className="mt-1.5 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+              {c.verified ? (
+                <Badge tone="green">已核验</Badge>
+              ) : (
+                <Badge tone="red">{c.unverifiedLabel ?? '未验证'}</Badge>
+              )}
+              {c.citations?.map((s, i) => (
+                <span key={i} className="text-xs text-slate-400">
+                  [{s.title ?? s.id}]
+                </span>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+      </ul>
+
+      {summary.gradedItems?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-4">
+          <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-slate-700">
+            证据分级
+          </h3>
+          <ul className="space-y-1.5">
+            {summary.gradedItems.map((g) => (
+              <li
+                key={g.itemId}
+                className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 text-sm"
+              >
+                <a
+                  href={g.url}
+                  target="_blank"
+                  rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                  className="truncate text-slate-600 hover:text-brand-700 hover:underline"
+                >
+                  {g.title}
+                </a>
+                <Badge tone={evidenceTone(g.evidenceLevel)}>
+                  证据等级 {g.evidenceLevel}
+                </Badge>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div className="mt-4">
+        <CredibilityBadge annotation={summary.annotation} />
+      </div>
+
+      <RawDetails data={summary} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/app-shell.tsx b/frontend/src/components/app-shell.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1ede00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/app-shell.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 已认证页面的统一外壳：侧边导航 + 顶栏 + 角色访问守卫。
+ *
+ * - 未登录：重定向到 /login。
+ * - 角色不匹配：提示无权访问（避免学生进入导师/管理端等）。
+ * - 提供按角色定制的导航项。
+ */
+
+import Link from 'next/link';
+import { usePathname, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useEffect, useState, type ReactNode } from 'react';
+
+import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth-context';
+import { ROLE_LABELS, Role } from '@/lib/types';
+import { NavIcon, type IconName } from './nav-icons';
+import { Loading } from './ui';
+
+export interface NavItem {
+  href: string;
+  label: string;
+  icon?: IconName;
+}
+
+/** 导航分组：label 为可选分组标题（不填则不渲染标题），items 为该组导航项。 */
+export interface NavGroup {
+  label?: string;
+  items: NavItem[];
+}
+
+export function AppShell({
+  requiredRole,
+  nav,
+  title,
+  children,
+}: {
+  requiredRole: Role;
+  nav: NavGroup[];
+  title: string;
+  children: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  const { user, loading, logout } = useAuth();
+  const router = useRouter();
+  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const [drawerOpen, setDrawerOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!loading && !user) {
+      router.replace('/login');
+    }
+  }, [loading, user, router]);
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex min-h-screen items-center justify-center">
+        <Loading label="正在校验登录态…" />
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!user) return null;
+
+  if (user.role !== requiredRole) {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center gap-4 px-6 text-center">
+        <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-slate-800">无权访问</h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-slate-500">
+          当前账号角色为「{ROLE_LABELS[user.role]}」，无法访问{title}。
+        </p>
+        <Link href={homeForRole(user.role)} className="btn-primary">
+          前往我的工作台
+        </Link>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex min-h-screen">
+      {/* 移动端抽屉遮罩层 */}
+      {drawerOpen && (
+        <div
+          className="fixed inset-0 z-30 bg-slate-900/40 md:hidden"
+          onClick={() => setDrawerOpen(false)}
+          aria-hidden="true"
+        />
+      )}
+
+      <aside
+        className={`fixed inset-y-0 left-0 z-40 flex w-60 shrink-0 flex-col border-r border-slate-200 bg-white transition-transform duration-200 md:static md:translate-x-0 ${
+          drawerOpen ? 'translate-x-0' : '-translate-x-full'
+        }`}
+      >
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-slate-200 px-5 py-4">
+          <div>
+            <p className="text-sm font-semibold text-brand-700">AI 学习中心</p>
+            <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-slate-400">{title}</p>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => setDrawerOpen(false)}
+            className="rounded-md p-1 text-slate-400 hover:bg-slate-100 hover:text-slate-600 md:hidden"
+            aria-label="关闭导航"
+          >
+            <NavIcon name="close" className="h-5 w-5" />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        <nav className="flex-1 space-y-6 overflow-y-auto p-3">
+          {nav.map((group, groupIndex) => (
+            <div
+              key={group.label ?? `group-${groupIndex}`}
+              className="space-y-1"
+            >
+              {group.label && (
+                <p className="px-3 pb-1 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-slate-400">
+                  {group.label}
+                </p>
+              )}
+              {group.items.map((item) => {
+                // 根路径（如 /student）仅精确匹配，避免「工作台」在所有子页面常驻高亮。
+                const isRoot =
+                  item.href.split('/').filter(Boolean).length <= 1;
+                const active = isRoot
+                  ? pathname === item.href
+                  : pathname === item.href ||
+                    pathname.startsWith(item.href + '/');
+                return (
+                  <Link
+                    key={item.href}
+                    href={item.href}
+                    onClick={() => setDrawerOpen(false)}
+                    className={`flex items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-sm transition ${
+                      active
+                        ? 'bg-brand-50 font-medium text-brand-700'
+                        : 'text-slate-600 hover:bg-slate-100'
+                    }`}
+                  >
+                    {item.icon && (
+                      <NavIcon
+                        name={item.icon}
+                        className={`h-[18px] w-[18px] shrink-0 ${
+                          active ? 'text-brand-600' : 'text-slate-400'
+                        }`}
+                      />
+                    )}
+                    <span className="truncate">{item.label}</span>
+                  </Link>
+                );
+              })}
+            </div>
+          ))}
+        </nav>
+      </aside>
+
+      <div className="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col">
+        <header className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-slate-200 bg-white px-4 py-3 sm:px-6">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => setDrawerOpen(true)}
+              className="rounded-md p-1.5 text-slate-500 hover:bg-slate-100 hover:text-slate-700 md:hidden"
+              aria-label="打开导航"
+            >
+              <NavIcon name="menu" className="h-5 w-5" />
+            </button>
+            <div className="text-sm text-slate-500">
+              {ROLE_LABELS[user.role]}工作台
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
+            <div className="hidden text-right sm:block">
+              <p className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-700">
+                {user.username}
+              </p>
+              <p className="text-xs text-slate-400">ID: {user.id}</p>
+            </div>
+            <button onClick={logout} className="btn-ghost">
+              <NavIcon name="log-out" className="h-4 w-4" />
+              退出登录
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </header>
+        <main className="flex-1 overflow-auto p-6">{children}</main>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 按角色返回默认首页。 */
+export function homeForRole(role: Role): string {
+  switch (role) {
+    case Role.Student:
+      return '/student';
+    case Role.Mentor:
+      return '/mentor';
+    case Role.Administrator:
+      return '/admin';
+    default:
+      return '/login';
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/display.tsx b/frontend/src/components/display.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..991887a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/display.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 跨页面复用的「领域数据展示」组件。
+ *
+ * 将后端返回的结构化结果（评分、可信度标注、能力差距、证据分级等）渲染为统一样式的
+ * 可读 UI，替代早期的 JSON 原样展示。组件均为纯展示、对缺失字段做防御性处理。
+ */
+
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+
+import { Badge } from './ui';
+
+/** "数据不足"标记（与后端 INSUFFICIENT_DATA / 'insufficient_data' 对齐）。 */
+const INSUFFICIENT = 'insufficient_data';
+
+/** 判断一个分值是否为"数据不足"。 */
+export function isInsufficient(score: unknown): boolean {
+  return (
+    score === null ||
+    score === undefined ||
+    score === INSUFFICIENT ||
+    score === 'no_data' ||
+    (typeof score === 'string' && Number.isNaN(Number(score)))
+  );
+}
+
+/** 0-100 分值条；支持"数据不足"。 */
+export function ScoreBar({
+  label,
+  score,
+  required,
+  tone = 'brand',
+}: {
+  label: ReactNode;
+  score: number | string | null | undefined;
+  /** 可选：目标/要求水平，渲染为参考刻度线。 */
+  required?: number;
+  tone?: 'brand' | 'green' | 'amber' | 'red';
+}) {
+  const insufficient = isInsufficient(score);
+  const value = insufficient ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.min(100, Number(score)));
+  const tones: Record<string, string> = {
+    brand: 'bg-brand-500',
+    green: 'bg-green-500',
+    amber: 'bg-amber-400',
+    red: 'bg-red-500',
+  };
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div className="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+        <span className="font-medium text-slate-700">{label}</span>
+        {insufficient ? (
+          <Badge tone="amber">数据不足</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <span className="tabular-nums text-slate-500">
+            {value.toFixed(0)}
+            {typeof required === 'number' && (
+              <span className="text-slate-400"> / 目标 {required}</span>
+            )}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      <div className="relative h-2.5 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-slate-100">
+        <div
+          className={`h-full rounded-full ${insufficient ? 'bg-amber-300' : tones[tone]}`}
+          style={{ width: `${insufficient ? 8 : value}%` }}
+        />
+        {typeof required === 'number' && !insufficient && (
+          <span
+            className="absolute top-0 h-full w-0.5 bg-slate-700/60"
+            style={{ left: `${Math.min(100, required)}%` }}
+            title={`目标水平 ${required}`}
+          />
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 来源引用条目（可信度标注中的 sources）。 */
+interface SourceRefLike {
+  id?: string;
+  title?: string;
+  citation?: string;
+}
+
+/** 可信度标注：来源 + 置信度 + 是否经核验。 */
+export function CredibilityBadge({
+  annotation,
+}: {
+  annotation?: {
+    sources?: SourceRefLike[];
+    confidence?: number;
+    verified?: boolean;
+  } | null;
+}) {
+  if (!annotation) return null;
+  const { sources = [], confidence, verified } = annotation;
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-slate-200 bg-slate-50 p-3">
+      <div className="mb-2 flex items-center gap-2">
+        {verified ? (
+          <Badge tone="green">已核验</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <Badge tone="red">未经核验</Badge>
+        )}
+        {typeof confidence === 'number' && (
+          <span className="text-xs text-slate-500">
+            置信度 {confidence.toFixed(0)}%
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {sources.length > 0 ? (
+        <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs text-slate-500">
+          {sources.map((s, i) => (
+            <li key={s.id ?? i}>
+              · {s.title ?? s.id}
+              {s.citation && (
+                <span className="text-slate-400">（{s.citation}）</span>
+              )}
+            </li>
+          ))}
+        </ul>
+      ) : (
+        <p className="text-xs text-slate-400">无可追溯来源</p>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 统计数字小卡。 */
+export function StatTile({
+  label,
+  value,
+  tone = 'slate',
+}: {
+  label: ReactNode;
+  value: ReactNode;
+  tone?: 'slate' | 'green' | 'amber' | 'red' | 'blue';
+}) {
+  const tones: Record<string, string> = {
+    slate: 'text-slate-800',
+    green: 'text-green-600',
+    amber: 'text-amber-600',
+    red: 'text-red-600',
+    blue: 'text-brand-600',
+  };
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-slate-200 bg-white p-4 text-center">
+      <p className={`text-2xl font-semibold tabular-nums ${tones[tone]}`}>
+        {value}
+      </p>
+      <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-slate-400">{label}</p>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 键值信息行。 */
+export function InfoRow({ label, children }: { label: string; children: ReactNode }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex gap-3 py-1.5 text-sm">
+      <span className="w-28 shrink-0 text-slate-400">{label}</span>
+      <span className="text-slate-700">{children}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 可折叠的原始数据（保底查看，默认折叠）。 */
+export function RawDetails({ data }: { data: unknown }) {
+  return (
+    <details className="mt-3">
+      <summary className="cursor-pointer text-xs text-slate-400 hover:text-slate-600">
+        查看原始数据
+      </summary>
+      <pre className="mt-2 max-h-80 overflow-auto rounded-lg bg-slate-50 p-3 text-xs text-slate-500">
+        {JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}
+      </pre>
+    </details>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/nav-icons.tsx b/frontend/src/components/nav-icons.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2781f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/nav-icons.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/**
+ * 导航图标集：lucide 风格的内联 SVG（统一 1.75 描边、currentColor）。
+ *
+ * 项目未引入图标库，故以内联 SVG 提供，避免新增依赖。
+ * 通过 <NavIcon name="..." /> 按名称渲染，颜色随父级文字色变化。
+ */
+
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+
+/** 受支持的图标名称（与各角色导航配置对齐）。 */
+export type IconName =
+  | 'home'
+  | 'book-open'
+  | 'target'
+  | 'stethoscope'
+  | 'users'
+  | 'user-check'
+  | 'chart'
+  | 'compass'
+  | 'search'
+  | 'clipboard-check'
+  | 'message-square'
+  | 'sliders'
+  | 'shield'
+  | 'menu'
+  | 'close'
+  | 'log-out';
+
+/** 各图标对应的 SVG 子元素（path / circle / line 等）。 */
+const PATHS: Record<IconName, ReactNode> = {
+  home: (
+    <>
+      <path d="m3 9 9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z" />
+      <path d="M9 22V12h6v10" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  'book-open': (
+    <>
+      <path d="M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z" />
+      <path d="M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  target: (
+    <>
+      <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" />
+      <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="6" />
+      <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  stethoscope: (
+    <>
+      <path d="M4 2v6a6 6 0 0 0 12 0V2" />
+      <path d="M5 2H3" />
+      <path d="M17 2h-2" />
+      <path d="M10 14v3a5 5 0 0 0 10 0v-1" />
+      <circle cx="20" cy="10" r="2" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  users: (
+    <>
+      <path d="M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2" />
+      <circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4" />
+      <path d="M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87" />
+      <path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  'user-check': (
+    <>
+      <path d="M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2" />
+      <circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4" />
+      <polyline points="16 11 18 13 22 9" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  chart: (
+    <>
+      <path d="M3 3v18h18" />
+      <path d="M18 17V9" />
+      <path d="M13 17V5" />
+      <path d="M8 17v-3" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  compass: (
+    <>
+      <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10" />
+      <polygon points="16.24 7.76 14.12 14.12 7.76 16.24 9.88 9.88 16.24 7.76" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  search: (
+    <>
+      <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8" />
+      <path d="m21 21-4.3-4.3" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  'clipboard-check': (
+    <>
+      <rect width="8" height="4" x="8" y="2" rx="1" ry="1" />
+      <path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2" />
+      <path d="m9 14 2 2 4-4" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  'message-square': (
+    <path d="M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z" />
+  ),
+  sliders: (
+    <>
+      <line x1="21" x2="14" y1="4" y2="4" />
+      <line x1="10" x2="3" y1="4" y2="4" />
+      <line x1="21" x2="12" y1="12" y2="12" />
+      <line x1="8" x2="3" y1="12" y2="12" />
+      <line x1="21" x2="16" y1="20" y2="20" />
+      <line x1="12" x2="3" y1="20" y2="20" />
+      <line x1="14" x2="14" y1="2" y2="6" />
+      <line x1="8" x2="8" y1="10" y2="14" />
+      <line x1="16" x2="16" y1="18" y2="22" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  shield: (
+    <>
+      <path d="M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z" />
+      <path d="m9 12 2 2 4-4" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  menu: (
+    <>
+      <line x1="4" x2="20" y1="6" y2="6" />
+      <line x1="4" x2="20" y1="12" y2="12" />
+      <line x1="4" x2="20" y1="18" y2="18" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  close: (
+    <>
+      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
+      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
+    </>
+  ),
+  'log-out': (
+    <>
+      <path d="M9 21H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4" />
+      <polyline points="16 17 21 12 16 7" />
+      <line x1="21" x2="9" y1="12" y2="12" />
+    </>
+  ),
+};
+
+/** 按名称渲染的导航图标。颜色继承父级 text 色，尺寸由 className 控制。 */
+export function NavIcon({
+  name,
+  className,
+}: {
+  name: IconName;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <svg
+      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+      fill="none"
+      stroke="currentColor"
+      strokeWidth={1.75}
+      strokeLinecap="round"
+      strokeLinejoin="round"
+      className={className}
+      aria-hidden="true"
+    >
+      {PATHS[name]}
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3586f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+'use client';
+
+/** 跨端复用的基础 UI 组件。 */
+
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+
+/** 区块卡片。 */
+export function Card({
+  title,
+  actions,
+  children,
+  className = '',
+}: {
+  title?: ReactNode;
+  actions?: ReactNode;
+  children: ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <section className={`card ${className}`}>
+      {(title || actions) && (
+        <header className="mb-4 flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
+          {title && (
+            <h2 className="text-base font-semibold text-slate-800">{title}</h2>
+          )}
+          {actions}
+        </header>
+      )}
+      {children}
+    </section>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 加载提示。 */
+export function Loading({ label = '加载中…' }: { label?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-2 py-6 text-sm text-slate-500">
+      <span className="h-3 w-3 animate-pulse rounded-full bg-brand-400" />
+      {label}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 错误提示条。 */
+export function ErrorBanner({ message }: { message: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-red-200 bg-red-50 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-red-700">
+      {message}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 空态提示。 */
+export function EmptyState({ message }: { message: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-dashed border-slate-300 bg-slate-50 px-4 py-8 text-center text-sm text-slate-400">
+      {message}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 标签徽章。 */
+export function Badge({
+  children,
+  tone = 'slate',
+}: {
+  children: ReactNode;
+  tone?: 'slate' | 'green' | 'amber' | 'blue' | 'red';
+}) {
+  const tones: Record<string, string> = {
+    slate: 'bg-slate-100 text-slate-600',
+    green: 'bg-green-100 text-green-700',
+    amber: 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-700',
+    blue: 'bg-brand-100 text-brand-700',
+    red: 'bg-red-100 text-red-700',
+  };
+  return <span className={`badge ${tones[tone]}`}>{children}</span>;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/api.ts b/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5176841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * 后端 API 调用客户端。
+ *
+ * 统一处理：
+ * - 基础路径：所有请求走 `/api/*`，由 Next.js rewrites 代理到 NestJS（避免跨域）。
+ * - 鉴权：自动附加 `Authorization: Bearer <token>`（token 由 auth 上下文写入 localStorage）。
+ * - 错误：非 2xx 响应解析后端统一错误体（AppError.toJSON()）并抛出 `ApiError`。
+ */
+
+import type { ApiErrorBody } from './types';
+
+const TOKEN_KEY = 'cac.token';
+
+/** 携带后端错误码与 HTTP 状态的错误对象，便于 UI 精细处理。 */
+export class ApiError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly status: number,
+    public readonly body: ApiErrorBody,
+  ) {
+    super(body.message ?? `请求失败（HTTP ${status}）`);
+    this.name = 'ApiError';
+  }
+}
+
+/** 从 localStorage 读取访问令牌（仅浏览器环境）。 */
+export function getToken(): string | null {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return null;
+  return window.localStorage.getItem(TOKEN_KEY);
+}
+
+/** 写入访问令牌。 */
+export function setToken(token: string): void {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return;
+  window.localStorage.setItem(TOKEN_KEY, token);
+}
+
+/** 清除访问令牌。 */
+export function clearToken(): void {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return;
+  window.localStorage.removeItem(TOKEN_KEY);
+}
+
+interface RequestOptions {
+  method?: string;
+  body?: unknown;
+  /** 查询参数；值为 undefined / null / '' 时跳过。 */
+  query?: Record<string, string | number | undefined | null>;
+  /** 是否需要鉴权（默认 true）。 */
+  auth?: boolean;
+}
+
+function buildUrl(path: string, query?: RequestOptions['query']): string {
+  if (!query) return path;
+  const params = new URLSearchParams();
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(query)) {
+    if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') continue;
+    params.append(key, String(value));
+  }
+  const qs = params.toString();
+  return qs ? `${path}?${qs}` : path;
+}
+
+/** 发起一次 API 请求并返回解析后的 JSON（或 void）。 */
+export async function apiRequest<T>(
+  path: string,
+  options: RequestOptions = {},
+): Promise<T> {
+  const { method = 'GET', body, query, auth = true } = options;
+
+  const headers: Record<string, string> = {};
+  if (body !== undefined) headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json';
+  if (auth) {
+    const token = getToken();
+    if (token) headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${token}`;
+  }
+
+  const res = await fetch(buildUrl(path, query), {
+    method,
+    headers,
+    body: body !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(body) : undefined,
+  });
+
+  if (res.status === 204) {
+    return undefined as T;
+  }
+
+  const text = await res.text();
+  const data = text ? safeParse(text) : undefined;
+
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    const errBody: ApiErrorBody =
+      data && typeof data === 'object' ? (data as ApiErrorBody) : { message: text };
+    throw new ApiError(res.status, errBody);
+  }
+
+  return data as T;
+}
+
+function safeParse(text: string): unknown {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(text);
+  } catch {
+    return text;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/auth-context.tsx b/frontend/src/lib/auth-context.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4391f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/auth-context.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+'use client';
+
+/**
+ * 认证上下文：在客户端管理登录态（当前用户 + 令牌）。
+ *
+ * - 登录/注册成功后写入 localStorage 并更新内存态。
+ * - 初次挂载时若本地有令牌，调用 `/api/auth/me` 还原会话；失败则清除。
+ * - 提供 `login` / `register` / `logout` 与当前用户 / 加载态。
+ */
+
+import {
+  createContext,
+  useCallback,
+  useContext,
+  useEffect,
+  useMemo,
+  useState,
+  type ReactNode,
+} from 'react';
+
+import { apiRequest, clearToken, getToken, setToken } from './api';
+import type { AuthResult, AuthenticatedUser, Role } from './types';
+
+interface AuthContextValue {
+  user: AuthenticatedUser | null;
+  /** 初始会话还原是否进行中。 */
+  loading: boolean;
+  login: (username: string, password: string) => Promise<AuthenticatedUser>;
+  register: (input: {
+    username: string;
+    password: string;
+    role: Role;
+    displayName: string;
+  }) => Promise<AuthenticatedUser>;
+  logout: () => void;
+}
+
+const AuthContext = createContext<AuthContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const [user, setUser] = useState<AuthenticatedUser | null>(null);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+
+  // 初次挂载：若本地有令牌则还原会话。
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const token = getToken();
+    if (!token) {
+      setLoading(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    apiRequest<AuthenticatedUser>('/api/auth/me')
+      .then((u) => setUser(u))
+      .catch(() => {
+        clearToken();
+        setUser(null);
+      })
+      .finally(() => setLoading(false));
+  }, []);
+
+  const login = useCallback(async (username: string, password: string) => {
+    const result = await apiRequest<AuthResult>('/api/auth/login', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: { username, password },
+      auth: false,
+    });
+    setToken(result.accessToken);
+    setUser(result.user);
+    return result.user;
+  }, []);
+
+  const register = useCallback(
+    async (input: {
+      username: string;
+      password: string;
+      role: Role;
+      displayName: string;
+    }) => {
+      const result = await apiRequest<AuthResult>('/api/auth/register', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: input,
+        auth: false,
+      });
+      setToken(result.accessToken);
+      setUser(result.user);
+      return result.user;
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  const logout = useCallback(() => {
+    clearToken();
+    setUser(null);
+  }, []);
+
+  const value = useMemo(
+    () => ({ user, loading, login, register, logout }),
+    [user, loading, login, register, logout],
+  );
+
+  return <AuthContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</AuthContext.Provider>;
+}
+
+/** 读取认证上下文。 */
+export function useAuth(): AuthContextValue {
+  const ctx = useContext(AuthContext);
+  if (!ctx) throw new Error('useAuth 必须在 AuthProvider 内使用');
+  return ctx;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/services.ts b/frontend/src/lib/services.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..591f18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/services.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/**
+ * 按后端模块组织的前端 API 服务函数。
+ *
+ * 仅封装 URL / 方法 / 参数，鉴权与错误处理在 `api.ts` 中统一完成。
+ * 返回类型尽量贴合后端，未严格建模的复杂结构用 `unknown` / 宽松对象表示，UI 按需取用。
+ */
+
+import { apiRequest } from './api';
+import type {
+  Achievement,
+  AchievementType,
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  Citation,
+  CollaborationAssessment,
+  CompetencyModel,
+  DevelopmentPlan,
+  DialogueReport,
+  Paginated,
+  PracticeReport,
+  SearchQuery,
+  SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  StudentProfile,
+  StudentProfileView,
+  Summary,
+} from './types';
+
+/* ----------------------------- 学习空间 ----------------------------- */
+
+export interface AddAchievementInput {
+  type: AchievementType;
+  title: string;
+  occurredAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  academicYear?: string;
+  semester?: string;
+  rotationDept?: string;
+}
+
+export const learningSpaceApi = {
+  addAchievement: (input: AddAchievementInput) =>
+    apiRequest<{ achievement: Achievement; mappedTags?: unknown[] }>(
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      { method: 'POST', body: input },
+    ),
+
+  listAchievements: (params: {
+    type?: AchievementType;
+    academicYear?: string;
+    semester?: string;
+    rotationDept?: string;
+    page?: number;
+    pageSize?: number;
+  }) =>
+    apiRequest<Paginated<Achievement>>('/api/learning-space/achievements', {
+      query: params,
+    }),
+
+  markMilestone: (input: {
+    name: string;
+    reachedAt?: string;
+    achievementIds?: string[];
+  }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>('/api/learning-space/milestones', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: input,
+    }),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 画像引擎 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const profileApi = {
+  generate: () => apiRequest<StudentProfile>('/api/profile'),
+
+  traceability: (dimension: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>(
+      `/api/profile/dimensions/${encodeURIComponent(dimension)}/traceability`,
+    ),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 职业规划 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const careerApi = {
+  getGoal: () =>
+    apiRequest<CareerGoalAssociation | null>('/api/career/goal'),
+
+  setGoal: (input: { id?: string; title: string; description?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<CompetencyModel>('/api/career/goal', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: input,
+    }),
+
+  generatePlan: (goalId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<DevelopmentPlan>('/api/career/development-plan', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: { goalId },
+    }),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- 课程对练引擎 --------------------------- */
+
+export const practiceApi = {
+  generateQuestions: (courseId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/practice/courses/${courseId}/questions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  listAvailableQuestions: (courseId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>(
+      `/api/practice/courses/${courseId}/available-questions`,
+    ),
+
+  startSession: (courseId: string, body: unknown = {}) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/practice/courses/${courseId}/sessions`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  submitAnswer: (sessionId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/practice/sessions/${sessionId}/answers`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  finishSession: (sessionId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<PracticeReport>(`/api/practice/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: {},
+    }),
+};
+
+/* ------------------------- 临床情景对话对练 ------------------------- */
+
+export const clinicalApi = {
+  start: (scenarioId: string, body: unknown = {}) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/${scenarioId}/sessions`,
+      { method: 'POST', body },
+    ),
+
+  sendTurn: (sessionId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${sessionId}/turns`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  finish: (sessionId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<DialogueReport>(
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`,
+      { method: 'POST', body: {} },
+    ),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- 研究资料查询 --------------------------- */
+
+export const researchApi = {
+  generateSearchQuery: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<{ query?: SearchQuery } & SearchQuery>(
+      '/api/research/search-queries',
+      { method: 'POST', body },
+    ),
+
+  search: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>('/api/research/search', { method: 'POST', body }),
+
+  summarize: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<Summary>('/api/research/summaries', { method: 'POST', body }),
+
+  generateCitation: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<Citation[]>('/api/research/citations', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- AI 协同训练 --------------------------- */
+
+export const collaborationApi = {
+  listTasks: (params: Record<string, string | undefined> = {}) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>('/api/collaboration/tasks', { query: params }),
+
+  evaluateTask: (taskId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<CollaborationAssessment>(
+      `/api/collaboration/tasks/${taskId}/evaluations`,
+      { method: 'POST', body },
+    ),
+
+  listComments: () => apiRequest<unknown[]>('/api/collaboration/comments'),
+};
+
+/* ------------------------------ 导师端 ------------------------------ */
+
+export const mentorApi = {
+  reviewQuestion: (questionId: string, body: { decision: string; reason?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/mentor/questions/${questionId}/review`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  addComment: (achievementId: string, comment: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(
+      `/api/mentor/achievements/${achievementId}/comments`,
+      { method: 'POST', body: { comment } },
+    ),
+
+  listComments: (achievementId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>(
+      `/api/mentor/achievements/${achievementId}/comments`,
+    ),
+
+  listStudents: () => apiRequest<string[]>('/api/mentor/students'),
+
+  viewStudentProfile: (studentId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<StudentProfileView>(
+      `/api/mentor/students/${studentId}/profile`,
+    ),
+};
+
+/* ------------------------------ 管理端 ------------------------------ */
+
+export interface SkillDefinitionInput {
+  id?: string;
+  name: string;
+  inputSpec: unknown;
+  processingLogic: unknown;
+  knowledgeSources: unknown;
+  outputFormat: unknown;
+  credibilityRule: unknown;
+  enabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+export const adminSkillsApi = {
+  list: () => apiRequest<SkillDefinition[]>('/api/admin/skills'),
+
+  get: (skillId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<SkillDefinition | null>(`/api/admin/skills/${skillId}`),
+
+  auditLogs: () =>
+    apiRequest<SkillAuditLogEntry[]>('/api/admin/skills/audit-logs'),
+
+  upsert: (body: SkillDefinitionInput) =>
+    apiRequest<SkillDefinition>('/api/admin/skills', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  enable: (skillId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<SkillDefinition>(`/api/admin/skills/${skillId}/enable`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: {},
+    }),
+};
+
+export const adminComplianceApi = {
+  permissionScopes: () =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>('/api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes'),
+
+  auditLogs: (actorId?: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>('/api/admin/compliance/audit-logs', {
+      query: { actorId },
+    }),
+
+  denialEvents: (actorId?: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>('/api/admin/compliance/denial-events', {
+      query: { actorId },
+    }),
+};
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/types.ts b/frontend/src/lib/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c66925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/**
+ * 与后端领域类型对齐的前端类型定义。
+ *
+ * 仅声明前端实际消费的字段；后端返回的对象可能含更多字段，按需扩展即可。
+ * 枚举值与后端字符串字面量保持一致（如 Role 的 'student' / 'mentor' / 'administrator'）。
+ */
+
+/** 全系统规范角色（与后端 compliance.Role 对齐）。 */
+export enum Role {
+  Student = 'student',
+  Mentor = 'mentor',
+  Administrator = 'administrator',
+}
+
+/** 角色中文展示名。 */
+export const ROLE_LABELS: Record<Role, string> = {
+  [Role.Student]: '学生',
+  [Role.Mentor]: '导师',
+  [Role.Administrator]: '管理员',
+};
+
+/** 认证身份（与后端 AuthenticatedUser 对齐）。 */
+export interface AuthenticatedUser {
+  id: string;
+  username: string;
+  role: Role;
+}
+
+/** 登录/注册结果（与后端 AuthResult 对齐）。 */
+export interface AuthResult {
+  accessToken: string;
+  expiresIn: number;
+  user: AuthenticatedUser;
+}
+
+/** 后端统一错误响应体（AppError.toJSON()）。 */
+export interface ApiErrorBody {
+  kind?: string;
+  code?: string;
+  message?: string;
+  details?: unknown;
+}
+
+/** 学习成果类型（与后端 AchievementType 对齐，共 9 种）。 */
+export enum AchievementType {
+  CourseRecord = 'course_record',
+  Assignment = 'assignment',
+  LabReport = 'lab_report',
+  ClinicalClerkship = 'clinical_clerkship',
+  OsceAssessment = 'osce_assessment',
+  LiteratureReading = 'literature_reading',
+  ResearchOutput = 'research_output',
+  Certificate = 'certificate',
+  LicensingExamPrep = 'licensing_exam_prep',
+}
+
+export const ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  course_record: '课程记录',
+  assignment: '作业',
+  lab_report: '实验报告',
+  clinical_clerkship: '临床见习/实习',
+  osce_assessment: 'OSCE 技能考核',
+  literature_reading: '文献阅读',
+  research_output: '科研成果',
+  certificate: '证书',
+  licensing_exam_prep: '执业资格备考',
+};
+
+/** 分页结果（与后端 Paginated<T> 对齐）。 */
+export interface Paginated<T> {
+  items: T[];
+  total: number;
+  page: number;
+  pageSize: number;
+}
+
+/** 学习成果。 */
+export interface Achievement {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  type: AchievementType;
+  title: string;
+  occurredAt: string;
+  academicYear?: string;
+  semester?: string;
+  rotationDept?: string;
+  attachments?: { id: string; name: string; url: string }[];
+}
+
+/** 画像维度分值（与后端画像引擎对齐）。score 为数字或字符串 'insufficient_data'。 */
+export interface ProfileDimensionScore {
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName?: string;
+  score: number | string | null;
+  sensitive?: boolean;
+  sensitiveCategory?: string;
+}
+
+/** 学生六维画像。 */
+export interface StudentProfile {
+  studentId: string;
+  dimensions: ProfileDimensionScore[];
+  generatedAt?: string;
+}
+
+/** 维度中文展示名（覆盖常见维度键，未覆盖的回退为原值）。 */
+export const DIMENSION_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  knowledge: '知识掌握',
+  clinical: '临床能力',
+  research: '科研能力',
+  collaboration: '协同能力',
+  practice: '实践能力',
+  professionalism: '职业素养',
+};
+
+/* ===================== 各模块结构化返回类型（与后端对齐） ===================== */
+
+/** 可信度标注来源。 */
+export interface SourceRef {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  citation?: string;
+}
+
+/** 可信度标注（AI 输出统一封装）。 */
+export interface CredibilityAnnotation {
+  sources: SourceRef[];
+  confidence: number;
+  verified: boolean;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 职业规划：发展规划 ---------- */
+export interface SuggestedAction {
+  description: string;
+  targetLevel: number;
+}
+export interface RecommendedResource {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  type: string;
+  tagId: string;
+}
+export interface CompetencyGap {
+  tagId: string;
+  tagName: string;
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName: string;
+  currentLevel: number | string;
+  requiredLevel: number;
+  missingData: boolean;
+  suggestedActions: SuggestedAction[];
+  recommendedResources: RecommendedResource[];
+  resourceNote?: string;
+}
+export interface DevelopmentPlan {
+  studentId: string;
+  goalId: string;
+  goalTitle: string;
+  modelId: string;
+  gaps: CompetencyGap[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+/** 岗位胜任力模型（setCareerGoal 返回）。 */
+export interface CompetencyModel {
+  id: string;
+  goalId: string;
+  goalTitle: string;
+  framework: string;
+  dimensions: {
+    dimension: string;
+    dimensionName: string;
+    competencyTags: {
+      tagId: string;
+      tagName: string;
+      dimension: string;
+      requiredLevel: number;
+    }[];
+  }[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+export interface CareerGoalAssociation {
+  studentId: string;
+  goal: { id: string; title: string; description?: string };
+  model: CompetencyModel;
+  associatedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 课程对练：报告 ---------- */
+export interface WeakArea {
+  tagId: string;
+  tagName?: string;
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  correctCount: number;
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+export interface PracticeImprovementSuggestion {
+  content: string;
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+}
+export interface CompetencyTagBreakdown {
+  tagId: string;
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  correctCount: number;
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+export interface PracticeReport {
+  id: string;
+  sessionId: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  courseId: string;
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  correctCount: number;
+  incorrectCount: number;
+  accuracy: number;
+  totalTimeSeconds: number;
+  tagBreakdown: CompetencyTagBreakdown[];
+  weakAreas: WeakArea[];
+  suggestions: PracticeImprovementSuggestion[];
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+export interface AnswerResult {
+  sessionId: string;
+  questionId: string;
+  correct: boolean;
+  timedOut: boolean;
+  elapsedMs: number;
+  next?: { questionId: string; position: number; total: number };
+}
+
+/* ---------- 临床对话：三维报告 ---------- */
+export interface DialogueDimensionScore {
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName: string;
+  score: number;
+  competencyTagId?: string;
+  comment: string;
+}
+export interface DialogueReport {
+  id: string;
+  sessionId: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  scenarioId: string;
+  dimensions: DialogueDimensionScore[];
+  overallScore: number;
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  turnCount: number;
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 研究查询：检索式/总结/引用 ---------- */
+export interface SearchQuery {
+  id: string;
+  question: string;
+  pico: {
+    population?: string;
+    intervention?: string;
+    comparison?: string;
+    outcome?: string;
+  };
+  meshTerms: string[];
+  keywords: string[];
+  expression: string;
+  rationale?: string;
+}
+export interface SummaryConclusion {
+  id: string;
+  statement: string;
+  verified: boolean;
+  citations: SourceRef[];
+  unverifiedLabel?: string;
+}
+export interface GradedReference {
+  itemId: string;
+  title: string;
+  url: string;
+  source: string;
+  evidenceLevel: string;
+}
+export interface Summary {
+  id: string;
+  conclusions: SummaryConclusion[];
+  citationOutput: SummaryConclusion[];
+  gradedItems: GradedReference[];
+  notice: string;
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+export interface Citation {
+  itemId: string;
+  format: string;
+  text: string;
+  title: string;
+  authors: string[];
+  year: string;
+  url: string;
+  source: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 协同训练：评估结果 ---------- */
+export interface CollaborationDimensionScore {
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName: string;
+  score: number | string;
+  competencyTagId?: string;
+  comment: string;
+}
+export interface CollaborationAssessment {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  taskId: string;
+  dimensions: CollaborationDimensionScore[];
+  overallScore: number | string;
+  requiresSourceVerification: boolean;
+  verificationPrompt?: string;
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 导师：学生画像视图（脱敏） ---------- */
+export interface ProfileFieldView {
+  key: string;
+  value: unknown;
+  sensitive: boolean;
+  category?: string;
+  redacted: boolean;
+}
+export interface StudentProfileView {
+  studentId: string;
+  viewerId: string;
+  purpose: string;
+  fullAccess: boolean;
+  authorized: boolean;
+  authorizedScope: string[];
+  fields: ProfileFieldView[];
+  redactedFieldKeys: string[];
+  notice?: string;
+  resolvedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 管理端：技能定义 ---------- */
+export interface SkillDefinition {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  inputSpec?: unknown;
+  processingLogic?: unknown;
+  knowledgeSources?: unknown;
+  outputFormat?: unknown;
+  credibilityRule?: unknown;
+  enabled: boolean;
+}
+export interface SkillAuditLogEntry {
+  id?: string;
+  skillId?: string;
+  action?: string;
+  actorId?: string;
+  actorRole?: string;
+  timestamp?: string;
+  [k: string]: unknown;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/tailwind.config.ts b/frontend/tailwind.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9253929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/tailwind.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import type { Config } from 'tailwindcss';
+
+const config: Config = {
+  content: ['./src/**/*.{ts,tsx}'],
+  theme: {
+    extend: {
+      colors: {
+        brand: {
+          50: '#eef6ff',
+          100: '#d9eaff',
+          200: '#bcd9ff',
+          300: '#8ec1ff',
+          400: '#599dff',
+          500: '#3377f5',
+          600: '#1f59db',
+          700: '#1a47b0',
+          800: '#1b3e8c',
+          900: '#1c386f',
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  plugins: [],
+};
+
+export default config;
diff --git a/frontend/tsconfig.json b/frontend/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..874bd1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "lib": ["dom", "dom.iterable", "esnext"],
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "jsx": "preserve",
+    "incremental": true,
+    "plugins": [{ "name": "next" }],
+    "paths": {
+      "@/*": ["./src/*"]
+    }
+  },
+  "include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx", ".next/types/**/*.ts"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules"]
+}
diff --git a/nest-cli.json b/nest-cli.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7214eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nest-cli.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "collection": "@nestjs/schematics",
+  "sourceRoot": "src",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "deleteOutDir": true
+  }
+}
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d20ed51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8570 @@
+{
+  "name": "college-ai-center",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "college-ai-center",
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "license": "UNLICENSED",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@nestjs/common": "10.4.4",
+        "@nestjs/config": "3.2.3",
+        "@nestjs/core": "10.4.4",
+        "@nestjs/jwt": "^10.2.0",
+        "@nestjs/platform-express": "10.4.4",
+        "@nestjs/typeorm": "10.0.2",
+        "bcryptjs": "^2.4.3",
+        "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
+        "class-validator": "^0.14.1",
+        "pg": "8.12.0",
+        "reflect-metadata": "0.2.2",
+        "rxjs": "7.8.1",
+        "typeorm": "0.3.20"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@nestjs/cli": "10.4.5",
+        "@nestjs/schematics": "10.1.4",
+        "@nestjs/testing": "10.4.4",
+        "@types/bcryptjs": "^2.4.6",
+        "@types/express": "4.17.21",
+        "@types/jest": "29.5.13",
+        "@types/node": "22.5.5",
+        "fast-check": "3.22.0",
+        "jest": "29.7.0",
+        "source-map-support": "0.5.21",
+        "ts-jest": "29.2.5",
+        "ts-node": "10.9.2",
+        "tsconfig-paths": "4.2.0",
+        "typescript": "5.5.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/core": {
+      "version": "17.3.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@angular-devkit/core/-/core-17.3.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Q8q0voCGudbdCgJ7lXdnyaxKHbNQBARH68zPQV72WT8NWy+Gw/tys870i6L58NWbBaCJEUcIj/kb6KoakSRu+Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ajv": "8.12.0",
+        "ajv-formats": "2.1.1",
+        "jsonc-parser": "3.2.1",
+        "picomatch": "4.0.1",
+        "rxjs": "7.8.1",
+        "source-map": "0.7.4"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.13.0 || >=20.9.0",
+        "npm": "^6.11.0 || ^7.5.6 || >=8.0.0",
+        "yarn": ">= 1.13.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "chokidar": "^3.5.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "chokidar": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics": {
+      "version": "17.3.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@angular-devkit/schematics/-/schematics-17.3.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QRVEYpIfgkprNHc916JlPuNbLzOgrm9DZalHasnLUz4P6g7pR21olb8YCyM2OTJjombNhya9ZpckcADU5Qyvlg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@angular-devkit/core": "17.3.8",
+        "jsonc-parser": "3.2.1",
+        "magic-string": "0.30.8",
+        "ora": "5.4.1",
+        "rxjs": "7.8.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.13.0 || >=20.9.0",
+        "npm": "^6.11.0 || ^7.5.6 || >=8.0.0",
+        "yarn": ">= 1.13.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli": {
+      "version": "17.3.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli/-/schematics-cli-17.3.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TjmiwWJarX7oqvNiRAroQ5/LeKUatxBOCNEuKXO/PV8e7pn/Hr/BqfFm+UcYrQoFdZplmtNAfqmbqgVziKvCpA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@angular-devkit/core": "17.3.8",
+        "@angular-devkit/schematics": "17.3.8",
+        "ansi-colors": "4.1.3",
+        "inquirer": "9.2.15",
+        "symbol-observable": "4.0.0",
+        "yargs-parser": "21.1.1"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "schematics": "bin/schematics.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.13.0 || >=20.9.0",
+        "npm": "^6.11.0 || ^7.5.6 || >=8.0.0",
+        "yarn": ">= 1.13.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli/node_modules/chalk": {
+      "version": "5.6.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/chalk/-/chalk-5.6.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7NzBL0rN6fMUW+f7A6Io4h40qQlG+xGmtMxfbnH/K7TAtt8JQWVQK+6g0UXKMeVJoyV5EkkNsErQ8pVD3bLHbA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^12.17.0 || ^14.13 || >=16.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/chalk?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli/node_modules/cli-width": {
+      "version": "4.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/cli-width/-/cli-width-4.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ouuZd4/dm2Sw5Gmqy6bGyNNNe1qt9RpmxveLSO7KcgsTnU7RXfsw+/bukWGo1abgBiMAic068rclZsO4IWmmxQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli/node_modules/inquirer": {
+      "version": "9.2.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/inquirer/-/inquirer-9.2.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vI2w4zl/mDluHt9YEQ/543VTCwPKWiHzKtm9dM2V0NdFcqEexDAjUHzO1oA60HRNaVifGXXM1tRRNluLVHa0Kg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@ljharb/through": "^2.3.12",
+        "ansi-escapes": "^4.3.2",
+        "chalk": "^5.3.0",
+        "cli-cursor": "^3.1.0",
+        "cli-width": "^4.1.0",
+        "external-editor": "^3.1.0",
+        "figures": "^3.2.0",
+        "lodash": "^4.17.21",
+        "mute-stream": "1.0.0",
+        "ora": "^5.4.1",
+        "run-async": "^3.0.0",
+        "rxjs": "^7.8.1",
+        "string-width": "^4.2.3",
+        "strip-ansi": "^6.0.1",
+        "wrap-ansi": "^6.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli/node_modules/mute-stream": {
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mute-stream/-/mute-stream-1.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-avsJQhyd+680gKXyG/sQc0nXaC6rBkPOfyHYcFb9+hdkqQkR9bdnkJ0AMZhke0oesPqIO+mFFJ+IdBc7mst4IA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 || >=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular-devkit/schematics-cli/node_modules/run-async": {
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+      "integrity": "sha512-tVpsJW7DdjecAiFpbIB1e3qxIQsE6NoPc5/eTdrbbIC4h0LVsWhnoa3g+m2HclBIujHzsxZ4VJVA+GUuc2/LBw==",
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/yn": {
+      "version": "3.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/yn/-/yn-3.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ux4ygGWsu2c7isFWe8Yu1YluJmqVhxqK2cLXNQA5AcC3QfbGNpM7fu0Y8b/z16pXLnFxZYvWhd3fhBY9DLmC6Q==",
+      "devOptional": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/yocto-queue": {
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7425f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "name": "college-ai-center",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "description": "医科类高校 AI 学习中心系统 - 后端服务",
+  "author": "",
+  "private": true,
+  "license": "UNLICENSED",
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "nest build",
+    "format": "prettier --write \"src/**/*.ts\" \"test/**/*.ts\"",
+    "start": "nest start",
+    "start:dev": "nest start --watch",
+    "start:prod": "node dist/main",
+    "lint": "eslint \"{src,test}/**/*.ts\" --fix",
+    "test": "jest",
+    "test:watch": "jest --watch",
+    "test:cov": "jest --coverage",
+    "test:e2e": "jest --config ./test/jest-e2e.json"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@nestjs/common": "10.4.4",
+    "@nestjs/config": "3.2.3",
+    "@nestjs/core": "10.4.4",
+    "@nestjs/jwt": "^10.2.0",
+    "@nestjs/platform-express": "10.4.4",
+    "@nestjs/typeorm": "10.0.2",
+    "bcryptjs": "^2.4.3",
+    "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
+    "class-validator": "^0.14.1",
+    "pg": "8.12.0",
+    "reflect-metadata": "0.2.2",
+    "rxjs": "7.8.1",
+    "typeorm": "0.3.20"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@nestjs/cli": "10.4.5",
+    "@nestjs/schematics": "10.1.4",
+    "@nestjs/testing": "10.4.4",
+    "@types/bcryptjs": "^2.4.6",
+    "@types/express": "4.17.21",
+    "@types/jest": "29.5.13",
+    "@types/node": "22.5.5",
+    "fast-check": "3.22.0",
+    "jest": "29.7.0",
+    "source-map-support": "0.5.21",
+    "ts-jest": "29.2.5",
+    "ts-node": "10.9.2",
+    "tsconfig-paths": "4.2.0",
+    "typescript": "5.5.4"
+  },
+  "jest": {
+    "moduleFileExtensions": [
+      "js",
+      "json",
+      "ts"
+    ],
+    "rootDir": "src",
+    "testRegex": ".*\\.spec\\.ts$",
+    "transform": {
+      "^.+\\.(t|j)s$": "ts-jest"
+    },
+    "collectCoverageFrom": [
+      "**/*.(t|j)s"
+    ],
+    "coverageDirectory": "../coverage",
+    "testEnvironment": "node",
+    "moduleNameMapper": {
+      "^@common/(.*)$": "<rootDir>/common/$1",
+      "^@infra/(.*)$": "<rootDir>/infra/$1",
+      "^@modules/(.*)$": "<rootDir>/modules/$1"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/app.module.spec.ts b/src/app.module.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b379214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app.module.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from './app.module';
+import { AI_GATEWAY } from './infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.types';
+import { REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER } from './infra/reference-source/reference-source.types';
+import { SkillInvocationService } from './modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service';
+
+describe('AppModule (冒烟测试)', () => {
+  it('应用模块可成功编译并解析底座 provider', async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+
+    expect(moduleRef.get(AI_GATEWAY)).toBeDefined();
+    expect(moduleRef.get(REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER)).toBeDefined();
+    // 技能调用服务的依赖（AI 网关、知识源可用性、能力图谱映射）可被完整解析（任务 3.3）。
+    expect(moduleRef.get(SkillInvocationService)).toBeDefined();
+
+    await moduleRef.close();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/app.module.ts b/src/app.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd496d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from './infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.module';
+import { databaseConfig } from './infra/database/database.config';
+import { DatabaseModule } from './infra/database/database.module';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from './infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { ReferenceSourceModule } from './infra/reference-source/reference-source.module';
+import { AICollaborationModule } from './modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.module';
+import { AIEvaluationModule } from './modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.module';
+import { AITrustModule } from './modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.module';
+import { AuthModule } from './modules/auth/auth.module';
+import { CareerModule } from './modules/career-module/career.module';
+import { CaseReasoningModule } from './modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.module';
+import { ClinicalDialogueModule } from './modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.module';
+import { ComplianceModule } from './modules/compliance/compliance.module';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from './modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.module';
+import { LearningSpaceModule } from './modules/learning-space/learning-space.module';
+import { MedicalKnowledgeModule } from './modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.module';
+import { MedicationSafetyModule } from './modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.module';
+import { MentorModule } from './modules/mentor/mentor.module';
+import { PracticeEngineModule } from './modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.module';
+import { ProfileEngineModule } from './modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.module';
+import { ResearchQueryModule } from './modules/research-query/research-query.module';
+import { SkillCenterModule } from './modules/skill-center/skill-center.module';
+import { RotationModule } from './modules/rotation/rotation.module';
+import { SkillVideoModule } from './modules/skill-video/skill-video.module';
+import { ExamPrepModule } from './modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.module';
+import { AcademicModule } from './modules/academic/academic.module';
+
+/**
+ * 应用根模块。
+ *
+ * 注册全局配置与基础设施模块（AI 网关、资料来源适配器）。
+ *
+ * 持久化开关（`DB_ENABLED`）：
+ * - `DB_ENABLED=true`：引入 `DatabaseModule` 建立 PostgreSQL 连接（TypeORM），各业务
+ *   模块同时将仓库令牌绑定到 TypeORM 实现并注册各自实体（见各模块 `*.module.ts`）。
+ * - 其他（含未设置、测试环境）：不引入 `DatabaseModule`，各模块绑定内存实现，
+ *   无需真实数据库即可启动与测试。
+ *
+ * 配置已通过 ConfigModule.forFeature(databaseConfig) 预加载。开启数据库时建议在开发
+ * 环境设置 `DB_SYNCHRONIZE=true` 以自动建表（生产环境应使用迁移）。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    ConfigModule.forRoot({
+      isGlobal: true,
+      load: [databaseConfig],
+    }),
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled() ? [DatabaseModule] : []),
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    ReferenceSourceModule,
+    AuthModule,
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    LearningSpaceModule,
+    SkillCenterModule,
+    ComplianceModule,
+    AITrustModule,
+    AIEvaluationModule,
+    PracticeEngineModule,
+    ClinicalDialogueModule,
+    ProfileEngineModule,
+    CareerModule,
+    ResearchQueryModule,
+    AICollaborationModule,
+    MentorModule,
+    CaseReasoningModule,
+    MedicationSafetyModule,
+    MedicalKnowledgeModule,
+    RotationModule,
+    SkillVideoModule,
+    ExamPrepModule,
+    AcademicModule,
+  ],
+})
+export class AppModule {}
diff --git a/src/common/errors/app-error.ts b/src/common/errors/app-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbb0500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/app-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { ErrorKind } from './error-kind';
+
+/**
+ * 应用错误基类。
+ *
+ * 所有领域错误均继承自 `AppError`，统一携带：
+ * - `kind`：错误分类（校验/生成/授权/系统），便于上层统一映射处理策略与 HTTP 状态码。
+ * - `code`：稳定的机器可读错误码（如 `VALIDATION.MISSING_FIELDS`）。
+ * - `message`：面向用户/调用方的可读提示。
+ * - `details`：可选的结构化细节（如缺失字段列表、无效字段名等）。
+ *
+ * 配合 `Result<T, E>` 使用：错误经由 `Result.error` 返回，而非抛出，
+ * 以保证错误路径显式、数据不进入部分写入状态。
+ */
+export abstract class AppError {
+  abstract readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+  readonly code: string;
+  readonly message: string;
+  readonly details?: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>;
+
+  protected constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    this.code = code;
+    this.message = message;
+    this.details = details ? Object.freeze({ ...details }) : undefined;
+  }
+
+  /** 序列化为可安全返回给客户端的结构。 */
+  toJSON(): {
+    kind: ErrorKind;
+    code: string;
+    message: string;
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  } {
+    return {
+      kind: this.kind,
+      code: this.code,
+      message: this.message,
+      ...(this.details ? { details: { ...this.details } } : {}),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/errors/authorization-error.ts b/src/common/errors/authorization-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99cd786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/authorization-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { AppError } from './app-error';
+import { ErrorKind } from './error-kind';
+
+/**
+ * 授权错误：权限不足、缺少有效授权或越权访问时返回。
+ *
+ * 典型场景：非本人无有效知情同意授权访问画像、越权访问受保护资源、
+ * 导师查看非所带学生画像。对应需求 7.4、15.4、17.3。
+ *
+ * 错误路径应保证：拒绝访问、保持资源/数据不被访问或使用、记录拒绝事件。
+ */
+export class AuthorizationError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind = ErrorKind.Authorization;
+
+  constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  /** 越权访问：超出角色权限范围。 */
+  static accessDenied(
+    resource: string,
+    reason = '超出权限范围',
+  ): AuthorizationError {
+    return new AuthorizationError('AUTHORIZATION.ACCESS_DENIED', '访问被拒绝', {
+      resource,
+      reason,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** 缺少满足用途的有效知情同意授权。 */
+  static missingConsent(purpose: string): AuthorizationError {
+    return new AuthorizationError(
+      'AUTHORIZATION.MISSING_CONSENT',
+      '缺少有效的知情同意授权',
+      { purpose },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/errors/error-kind.ts b/src/common/errors/error-kind.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26c24e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/error-kind.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * 系统错误分类。
+ *
+ * 对应 design.md 错误处理章节中的主要错误场景类别：
+ * - VALIDATION：输入校验失败（缺字段/超长/无效日期等），如需求 1.6、1.9、13.4。
+ * - GENERATION：AI 生成失败或超时、信息不足无法生成，如需求 2.5、2.6、5.6、11.6。
+ * - AUTHORIZATION：权限不足、缺少有效授权、越权访问，如需求 7.4、15.4、17.3。
+ * - SYSTEM：系统级故障（依赖不可用、目标关联失败等），如需求 8.5、9.6、10.8。
+ */
+export enum ErrorKind {
+  Validation = 'VALIDATION',
+  Generation = 'GENERATION',
+  Authorization = 'AUTHORIZATION',
+  System = 'SYSTEM',
+}
diff --git a/src/common/errors/errors.spec.ts b/src/common/errors/errors.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4b706f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/errors.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import {
+  AuthorizationError,
+  ErrorKind,
+  GenerationError,
+  SystemError,
+  ValidationError,
+} from './index';
+
+describe('错误基类与分类', () => {
+  it('ValidationError 归类为 VALIDATION 且 missingFields 列出缺失字段', () => {
+    const e = ValidationError.missingFields(['type', 'title']);
+    expect(e.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+    expect(e.code).toBe('VALIDATION.MISSING_FIELDS');
+    expect(e.details?.missingFields).toEqual(['type', 'title']);
+  });
+
+  it('ValidationError.invalidFields 列出无效字段', () => {
+    const e = ValidationError.invalidFields(['occurredAt']);
+    expect(e.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+    expect(e.details?.invalidFields).toEqual(['occurredAt']);
+  });
+
+  it('GenerationError 区分失败/超时/信息不足', () => {
+    expect(GenerationError.failed().kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+    expect(GenerationError.timedOut(30000).details?.limitMs).toBe(30000);
+    const insufficient = GenerationError.insufficientContent(['正文内容']);
+    expect(insufficient.details?.missingCategories).toEqual(['正文内容']);
+  });
+
+  it('AuthorizationError 归类为 AUTHORIZATION', () => {
+    expect(AuthorizationError.accessDenied('profile').kind).toBe(
+      ErrorKind.Authorization,
+    );
+    expect(AuthorizationError.missingConsent('research').details?.purpose).toBe(
+      'research',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('SystemError 归类为 SYSTEM', () => {
+    expect(SystemError.internal().kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+    expect(
+      SystemError.dependencyUnavailable('PubMed').details?.dependency,
+    ).toBe('PubMed');
+  });
+
+  it('toJSON 输出包含 kind/code/message/details', () => {
+    const json = ValidationError.missingFields(['title']).toJSON();
+    expect(json).toEqual({
+      kind: ErrorKind.Validation,
+      code: 'VALIDATION.MISSING_FIELDS',
+      message: expect.any(String),
+      details: { missingFields: ['title'] },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('details 为不可变（冻结）副本', () => {
+    const e = ValidationError.missingFields(['a']);
+    expect(Object.isFrozen(e.details)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/common/errors/generation-error.ts b/src/common/errors/generation-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e39527c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/generation-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { AppError } from './app-error';
+import { ErrorKind } from './error-kind';
+
+/**
+ * 生成错误：AI 生成过程失败、超时或信息不足时返回。
+ *
+ * 典型场景：评价/总结/题目生成失败或超出时限、内容信息不足无法生成。
+ * 对应需求 2.5、2.6、3.7、5.6、11.6、12.6、13.5。
+ *
+ * 错误路径应保证：中止本次生成、保留触发数据不变、返回失败提示。
+ */
+export class GenerationError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind = ErrorKind.Generation;
+
+  constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  /** 生成失败。 */
+  static failed(message = '生成失败，请稍后重试'): GenerationError {
+    return new GenerationError('GENERATION.FAILED', message);
+  }
+
+  /** 生成超时。 */
+  static timedOut(limitMs: number): GenerationError {
+    return new GenerationError('GENERATION.TIMEOUT', '生成超出时限', {
+      limitMs,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** 信息不足，无法生成；列出缺失的内容类别。 */
+  static insufficientContent(missingCategories: string[]): GenerationError {
+    return new GenerationError(
+      'GENERATION.INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT',
+      `信息不足，无法生成：缺少 ${missingCategories.join('、')}`,
+      { missingCategories },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 课程内容不足以生成练习题（需求 3.7）。
+   *
+   * 当课程对练引擎无法基于所选课程内容生成足量练习题（课程不存在、无可用内容，或
+   * 可发布题目不足最小题量）时返回。错误路径应保证：中止本次生成、不创建任何题目、
+   * 返回表明无法生成练习题的提示（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static courseContentInsufficient(
+    message = '无法基于所选课程内容生成练习题',
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ): GenerationError {
+    return new GenerationError(
+      'GENERATION.COURSE_CONTENT_INSUFFICIENT',
+      message,
+      details,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/errors/index.ts b/src/common/errors/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..085f46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export * from './error-kind';
+export * from './app-error';
+export * from './validation-error';
+export * from './generation-error';
+export * from './authorization-error';
+export * from './system-error';
diff --git a/src/common/errors/system-error.ts b/src/common/errors/system-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c976125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/system-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { AppError } from './app-error';
+import { ErrorKind } from './error-kind';
+
+/**
+ * 系统错误：依赖不可用、内部故障或外部集成失败时返回。
+ *
+ * 典型场景：目标关联过程发生系统错误、资料来源全部不可用、知识源不可用。
+ * 对应需求 8.5、9.6、10.8、13.5。
+ *
+ * 错误路径应保证：返回错误提示、保留已有数据不变。
+ */
+export class SystemError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind = ErrorKind.System;
+
+  constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  /** 通用内部错误。 */
+  static internal(message = '系统内部错误'): SystemError {
+    return new SystemError('SYSTEM.INTERNAL', message);
+  }
+
+  /** 依赖/来源不可用。 */
+  static dependencyUnavailable(dependency: string): SystemError {
+    return new SystemError(
+      'SYSTEM.DEPENDENCY_UNAVAILABLE',
+      `依赖不可用：${dependency}`,
+      { dependency },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/errors/validation-error.ts b/src/common/errors/validation-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..551ac00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/errors/validation-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { AppError } from './app-error';
+import { ErrorKind } from './error-kind';
+
+/**
+ * 校验错误：输入不满足规格时返回。
+ *
+ * 典型场景：必填元数据缺失、字段超长、日期无效、技能输入不符 inputSpec。
+ * 对应需求 1.6、1.9、13.4。
+ *
+ * 错误路径应保证：拒绝操作、不创建任何记录（事务回滚）、返回指明问题的提示。
+ */
+export class ValidationError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind = ErrorKind.Validation;
+
+  constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 构造一个"缺失必填字段"校验错误，details 中列出全部缺失字段。
+   */
+  static missingFields(fields: string[]): ValidationError {
+    return new ValidationError(
+      'VALIDATION.MISSING_FIELDS',
+      `缺少必填字段：${fields.join('、')}`,
+      { missingFields: fields },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 构造一个"无效字段"校验错误，details 中列出无效字段。
+   */
+  static invalidFields(fields: string[]): ValidationError {
+    return new ValidationError(
+      'VALIDATION.INVALID_FIELDS',
+      `存在无效字段：${fields.join('、')}`,
+      { invalidFields: fields },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/http/app-error.http.ts b/src/common/http/app-error.http.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb33d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/http/app-error.http.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import {
+  BadRequestException,
+  ConflictException,
+  ForbiddenException,
+  HttpException,
+  InternalServerErrorException,
+  NotFoundException,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+/**
+ * 将领域错误（`AppError`）映射为合适的 HTTP 异常。
+ *
+ * 统一 Controller 层的错误响应：业务 service 返回 `Result<T, AppError>`，Controller 在
+ * 失败分支调用本函数抛出对应的 HTTP 异常，由 Nest 内置异常层产出标准错误响应。
+ *
+ * 映射规则（按 `kind` 与错误码细化）：
+ * - VALIDATION：默认 400；用户名已占用等「冲突」语义映射为 409。
+ * - AUTHORIZATION：凭据/认证类映射为 401，其余越权类映射为 403。
+ * - GENERATION：500（AI 生成失败/超时属服务端不可用）。
+ * - SYSTEM：500。
+ * - 「未找到」语义（错误码含 NOT_FOUND）：404。
+ *
+ * 响应体复用 `AppError.toJSON()`，携带 `kind` / `code` / `message` / `details`，
+ * 便于前端按 `code` 做精细处理。
+ */
+export function toHttpException(error: AppError): HttpException {
+  const body = error.toJSON();
+  const code = error.code.toUpperCase();
+
+  // 资源未找到（任意 kind 下错误码含 NOT_FOUND）。
+  if (code.includes('NOT_FOUND')) {
+    return new NotFoundException(body);
+  }
+
+  switch (error.kind) {
+    case ErrorKind.Validation:
+      // 唯一性冲突（如用户名已占用）语义上为 409。
+      if (code.includes('TAKEN') || code.includes('CONFLICT') || code.includes('ALREADY')) {
+        return new ConflictException(body);
+      }
+      return new BadRequestException(body);
+
+    case ErrorKind.Authorization:
+      // 凭据无效 / 未认证 → 401；其余越权 → 403。
+      if (
+        code.includes('INVALID_CREDENTIALS') ||
+        code.includes('UNAUTHENTICATED') ||
+        code.includes('ACCOUNT_DISABLED')
+      ) {
+        return new HttpException(body, 401);
+      }
+      return new ForbiddenException(body);
+
+    case ErrorKind.Generation:
+    case ErrorKind.System:
+    default:
+      return new InternalServerErrorException(body);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/http/index.ts b/src/common/http/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..812e7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/http/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './app-error.http';
diff --git a/src/common/index.ts b/src/common/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a46c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export * from './result';
+export * from './errors';
+export * from './pagination';
diff --git a/src/common/pagination/index.ts b/src/common/pagination/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb72765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/pagination/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './pagination';
diff --git a/src/common/pagination/pagination.spec.ts b/src/common/pagination/pagination.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78e82f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/pagination/pagination.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE, normalizePagination, paginate } from './pagination';
+
+describe('分页工具', () => {
+  it('normalizePagination 将页大小钳制到 [1, MAX_PAGE_SIZE]', () => {
+    expect(normalizePagination({ page: 1, pageSize: 1000 }).pageSize).toBe(
+      MAX_PAGE_SIZE,
+    );
+    expect(normalizePagination({ page: 1, pageSize: 0 }).pageSize).toBe(1);
+    expect(normalizePagination({ page: 0, pageSize: 10 }).page).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('paginate 返回正确的切片与总数', () => {
+    const all = Array.from({ length: 120 }, (_, i) => i);
+    const p1 = paginate(all, { page: 1, pageSize: 50 });
+    expect(p1.items).toHaveLength(50);
+    expect(p1.items[0]).toBe(0);
+    expect(p1.total).toBe(120);
+
+    const p3 = paginate(all, { page: 3, pageSize: 50 });
+    expect(p3.items).toHaveLength(20);
+    expect(p3.items[0]).toBe(100);
+  });
+
+  describe('属性（Property 8 雏形）：单页结果数量不超过 50', () => {
+    it('对任意结果集与分页参数，单页数量 ≤ MAX_PAGE_SIZE', () => {
+      fc.assert(
+        fc.property(
+          fc.array(fc.integer(), { maxLength: 500 }),
+          fc.integer({ min: -5, max: 50 }),
+          fc.integer({ min: -10, max: 200 }),
+          (all, page, pageSize) => {
+            const result = paginate(all, { page, pageSize });
+            expect(result.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+            expect(result.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(all.length);
+          },
+        ),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/common/pagination/pagination.ts b/src/common/pagination/pagination.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7104bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/pagination/pagination.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * 统一分页类型。
+ *
+ * 多个模块要求"每页最多 50 条"（需求 1.5、10.2，对应 Property 8 分页边界不变量）。
+ * `MAX_PAGE_SIZE` 在此集中定义，分页逻辑应据此对页大小进行钳制。
+ */
+
+/** 单页最大结果数量（需求 1.5、10.2）。 */
+export const MAX_PAGE_SIZE = 50;
+
+/** 分页请求参数。 */
+export interface Pagination {
+  /** 页码，从 1 开始。 */
+  page: number;
+  /** 每页条数，最大不超过 MAX_PAGE_SIZE。 */
+  pageSize: number;
+}
+
+/** 分页结果。 */
+export interface Page<T> {
+  items: T[];
+  page: number;
+  pageSize: number;
+  total: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 将请求的分页参数规整到合法范围：
+ * - page 至少为 1。
+ * - pageSize 至少为 1，且不超过 MAX_PAGE_SIZE。
+ */
+export function normalizePagination(input: Partial<Pagination>): Pagination {
+  const page = Math.max(1, Math.floor(input.page ?? 1));
+  const requestedSize = Math.floor(input.pageSize ?? MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+  const pageSize = Math.min(MAX_PAGE_SIZE, Math.max(1, requestedSize));
+  return { page, pageSize };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 基于完整结果集构造一页数据，保证单页数量不超过 MAX_PAGE_SIZE（Property 8）。
+ */
+export function paginate<T>(all: T[], input: Partial<Pagination>): Page<T> {
+  const { page, pageSize } = normalizePagination(input);
+  const start = (page - 1) * pageSize;
+  const items = all.slice(start, start + pageSize);
+  return { items, page, pageSize, total: all.length };
+}
diff --git a/src/common/result/index.ts b/src/common/result/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd5e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/result/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './result';
diff --git a/src/common/result/result.spec.ts b/src/common/result/result.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78ed6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/result/result.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import {
+  andThen,
+  err,
+  isErr,
+  isOk,
+  map,
+  mapErr,
+  ok,
+  Result,
+  unwrapOr,
+} from './result';
+
+describe('Result<T, E>', () => {
+  describe('构造与类型守卫', () => {
+    it('ok 构造成功结果且 isOk 为真', () => {
+      const r = ok(42);
+      expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+      expect(isOk(r)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isErr(r)).toBe(false);
+      if (isOk(r)) {
+        expect(r.value).toBe(42);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('err 构造失败结果且 isErr 为真', () => {
+      const r = err('boom');
+      expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+      expect(isErr(r)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isOk(r)).toBe(false);
+      if (isErr(r)) {
+        expect(r.error).toBe('boom');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('组合子', () => {
+    it('map 仅作用于成功值', () => {
+      expect(map(ok(2), (n: number) => n * 3)).toEqual(ok(6));
+      const e: Result<number, string> = err('x');
+      expect(map(e, (n: number) => n * 3)).toEqual(err('x'));
+    });
+
+    it('mapErr 仅作用于失败值', () => {
+      const e: Result<number, string> = err('x');
+      expect(mapErr(e, (s: string) => `${s}!`)).toEqual(err('x!'));
+      const o: Result<number, string> = ok(1);
+      expect(mapErr(o, (s: string) => `${s}!`)).toEqual(ok(1));
+    });
+
+    it('andThen 在成功时链式，失败时短路', () => {
+      const half = (n: number): Result<number, string> =>
+        n % 2 === 0 ? ok(n / 2) : err('odd');
+      expect(andThen(ok(8), half)).toEqual(ok(4));
+      expect(andThen(ok(7), half)).toEqual(err('odd'));
+      expect(andThen(err<string>('pre'), half)).toEqual(err('pre'));
+    });
+
+    it('unwrapOr 在失败时返回默认值', () => {
+      expect(unwrapOr(ok(5), 0)).toBe(5);
+      expect(unwrapOr(err('e'), 99)).toBe(99);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('属性：Result 恰为 Ok 或 Err 二者之一', () => {
+    it('对任意值，isOk 与 isErr 互斥且穷尽', () => {
+      fc.assert(
+        fc.property(fc.anything(), fc.boolean(), (value, makeOk) => {
+          const r: Result<unknown, unknown> = makeOk ? ok(value) : err(value);
+          expect(isOk(r)).toBe(!isErr(r));
+          expect(isOk(r) || isErr(r)).toBe(true);
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/common/result/result.ts b/src/common/result/result.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..375b927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/result/result.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/**
+ * 统一的 `Result<T, E>` 返回类型。
+ *
+ * 系统采用 Result 模式区分正常路径与错误路径（见 design.md 的 Error Handling 章节）。
+ * 任何可能失败的操作都应返回 `Result`，而不是抛出异常或返回 `null`，
+ * 以保证错误路径可被显式处理、且不会让触发数据进入不一致状态（数据保全不变量）。
+ *
+ * - `Ok<T>`   表示成功，携带值 `value: T`。
+ * - `Err<E>`  表示失败，携带错误 `error: E`。
+ */
+
+export interface Ok<T> {
+  readonly ok: true;
+  readonly value: T;
+}
+
+export interface Err<E> {
+  readonly ok: false;
+  readonly error: E;
+}
+
+export type Result<T, E> = Ok<T> | Err<E>;
+
+/** 构造一个成功结果。 */
+export function ok<T>(value: T): Ok<T> {
+  return { ok: true, value };
+}
+
+/** 构造一个失败结果。 */
+export function err<E>(error: E): Err<E> {
+  return { ok: false, error };
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：判断结果是否成功。 */
+export function isOk<T, E>(result: Result<T, E>): result is Ok<T> {
+  return result.ok === true;
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：判断结果是否失败。 */
+export function isErr<T, E>(result: Result<T, E>): result is Err<E> {
+  return result.ok === false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对成功值应用映射函数；若为失败则原样返回。
+ */
+export function map<T, U, E>(
+  result: Result<T, E>,
+  fn: (value: T) => U,
+): Result<U, E> {
+  return isOk(result) ? ok(fn(result.value)) : result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对失败值应用映射函数；若为成功则原样返回。
+ */
+export function mapErr<T, E, F>(
+  result: Result<T, E>,
+  fn: (error: E) => F,
+): Result<T, F> {
+  return isErr(result) ? err(fn(result.error)) : result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 链式组合：对成功值应用返回 Result 的函数；若为失败则短路返回。
+ */
+export function andThen<T, U, E>(
+  result: Result<T, E>,
+  fn: (value: T) => Result<U, E>,
+): Result<U, E> {
+  return isOk(result) ? fn(result.value) : result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 提取成功值，若为失败则返回提供的默认值。
+ */
+export function unwrapOr<T, E>(result: Result<T, E>, fallback: T): T {
+  return isOk(result) ? result.value : fallback;
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.module.ts b/src/infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fa2a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AI_GATEWAY } from './ai-gateway.types';
+import { MockAIGateway } from './mock-ai-gateway';
+import { OpenAICompatibleGateway } from './openai-ai-gateway';
+
+const useLLM = !!process.env.LLM_API_KEY;
+
+/**
+ * AI 网关模块。
+ *
+ * - `LLM_API_KEY` 已设置时绑定 OpenAI 兼容网关（支持通义千问 / DeepSeek / OpenAI 等）。
+ * - 未设置时回退到 Mock 实现，便于本地开发与测试。
+ *
+ * 业务模块通过 `AI_GATEWAY` 令牌注入，无需感知底层切换。
+ */
+@Module({
+  providers: useLLM
+    ? [
+        OpenAICompatibleGateway,
+        { provide: AI_GATEWAY, useExisting: OpenAICompatibleGateway },
+        MockAIGateway,
+      ]
+    : [
+        MockAIGateway,
+        { provide: AI_GATEWAY, useExisting: MockAIGateway },
+      ],
+  exports: [AI_GATEWAY, MockAIGateway],
+})
+export class AIGatewayModule {}
diff --git a/src/infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.types.ts b/src/infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79cbd5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/ai-gateway/ai-gateway.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * AI 网关类型定义。
+ *
+ * design.md 规定：所有大模型调用统一经过 AI 网关（AI Gateway）封装，
+ * 调用强制经过可信度标注与来源绑定。测试中以可控 mock 替代，
+ * 以模拟生成成功、失败、超时、无法溯源等场景。
+ */
+
+/** 一条来源引用，用于可信度标注的溯源（需求 16.2）。 */
+export interface SourceRef {
+  /** 来源标识（如权威知识源 ID、文献条目 ID）。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 来源标题或简述。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 可选的引用标识（如 DOI、PMID、章节编号）。 */
+  citation?: string;
+}
+
+/** 可信度标注（需求 16）。 */
+export interface CredibilityAnnotation {
+  /** 依据的来源，至少 1 条；为空表示无法溯源。 */
+  sources: SourceRef[];
+  /** 置信度，取值范围 0-100（需求 16.2）。 */
+  confidence: number;
+  /** false => 无法溯源，应标注"未经核验"（需求 16.4）。 */
+  verified: boolean;
+}
+
+/** AI 生成请求。 */
+export interface AIGenerationRequest {
+  /** 提示词/输入内容。 */
+  prompt: string;
+  /** 可绑定的来源，用于来源溯源。 */
+  sources?: SourceRef[];
+  /** 生成时限（毫秒），超过则视为超时。 */
+  timeoutMs?: number;
+  /** 透传的附加上下文。 */
+  context?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+/** AI 生成结果。 */
+export interface AIGenerationResult {
+  /** 生成的文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** 该输出的可信度标注。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+}
+
+/**
+ * AI 网关抽象接口。所有模块通过该接口调用大模型，便于统一治理与测试替换。
+ */
+export interface AIGateway {
+  generate(
+    request: AIGenerationRequest,
+  ): Promise<AIGenerationResult>;
+}
+
+/** 依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const AI_GATEWAY = Symbol('AI_GATEWAY');
diff --git a/src/infra/ai-gateway/index.ts b/src/infra/ai-gateway/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff951ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/ai-gateway/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export * from './ai-gateway.types';
+export * from './mock-ai-gateway';
+export * from './openai-ai-gateway';
+export * from './ai-gateway.module';
diff --git a/src/infra/ai-gateway/mock-ai-gateway.spec.ts b/src/infra/ai-gateway/mock-ai-gateway.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16aac17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/ai-gateway/mock-ai-gateway.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from './mock-ai-gateway';
+
+describe('MockAIGateway', () => {
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  });
+
+  it('默认 success 模式返回内容与已核验的可信度标注', async () => {
+    const result = await gateway.generate({ prompt: '生成评价' });
+    expect(result.content).toContain('生成评价');
+    expect(result.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(result.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(result.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+  });
+
+  it('success 模式透传调用方提供的来源', async () => {
+    const result = await gateway.generate({
+      prompt: 'x',
+      sources: [{ id: 's1', title: '指南A', citation: 'G-1' }],
+    });
+    expect(result.annotation.sources).toEqual([
+      { id: 's1', title: '指南A', citation: 'G-1' },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('fail 模式抛出错误（模拟生成失败）', async () => {
+    gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+    await expect(gateway.generate({ prompt: 'x' })).rejects.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('timeout 模式抛出错误（模拟超时）', async () => {
+    gateway.setBehavior('timeout');
+    await expect(gateway.generate({ prompt: 'x' })).rejects.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('unverified 模式返回无来源、未核验的标注', async () => {
+    gateway.setBehavior('unverified');
+    const result = await gateway.generate({ prompt: 'x' });
+    expect(result.annotation.verified).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.annotation.sources).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/infra/ai-gateway/mock-ai-gateway.ts b/src/infra/ai-gateway/mock-ai-gateway.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d3d27a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/ai-gateway/mock-ai-gateway.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+  CredibilityAnnotation,
+} from './ai-gateway.types';
+
+/**
+ * Mock AI 网关骨架。
+ *
+ * 用于测试与本地开发，替代真实大模型调用。可通过 `setBehavior` 配置不同响应模式，
+ * 以模拟 design.md 测试策略中要求的场景：生成成功、失败、超时、无法溯源。
+ *
+ * 真实实现（对接大模型服务）应在后续任务中以同样的 `AIGateway` 接口提供。
+ */
+export type MockGatewayMode = 'success' | 'fail' | 'timeout' | 'unverified';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class MockAIGateway implements AIGateway {
+  private mode: MockGatewayMode = 'success';
+  /** 模拟超时模式下抛错前的延迟时间（毫秒）。 */
+  private timeoutDelayMs = 0;
+
+  /** 配置 mock 行为，便于测试驱动不同分支。 */
+  setBehavior(mode: MockGatewayMode, timeoutDelayMs = 0): void {
+    this.mode = mode;
+    this.timeoutDelayMs = timeoutDelayMs;
+  }
+
+  async generate(
+    request: AIGenerationRequest,
+  ): Promise<AIGenerationResult> {
+    switch (this.mode) {
+      case 'fail':
+        throw new Error('MockAIGateway: 模拟生成失败');
+
+      case 'timeout':
+        if (this.timeoutDelayMs > 0) {
+          await new Promise((resolve) =>
+            setTimeout(resolve, this.timeoutDelayMs),
+          );
+        }
+        throw new Error('MockAIGateway: 模拟生成超时');
+
+      case 'unverified':
+        return {
+          content: `[mock-unverified] ${request.prompt}`,
+          annotation: this.buildAnnotation([], 0, false),
+        };
+
+      case 'success':
+      default: {
+        const sources = request.sources ?? [
+          { id: 'mock-source-1', title: 'Mock 权威来源', citation: 'MOCK-1' },
+        ];
+        return {
+          content: `[mock] ${request.prompt}`,
+          annotation: this.buildAnnotation(sources, 85, true),
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private buildAnnotation(
+    sources: CredibilityAnnotation['sources'],
+    confidence: number,
+    verified: boolean,
+  ): CredibilityAnnotation {
+    return { sources, confidence, verified };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/ai-gateway/openai-ai-gateway.ts b/src/infra/ai-gateway/openai-ai-gateway.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a859f0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/ai-gateway/openai-ai-gateway.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+
+import {
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+  CredibilityAnnotation,
+} from './ai-gateway.types';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 OpenAI 兼容 API 的 AI 网关实现。
+ *
+ * 支持通义千问（DashScope）、DeepSeek、OpenAI 等所有兼容 `/v1/chat/completions` 的服务。
+ *
+ * 环境变量：
+ * - `LLM_API_KEY`：API 密钥（必需）
+ * - `LLM_BASE_URL`：API 基地址（默认通义千问 DashScope 兼容端点）
+ * - `LLM_MODEL`：模型名（默认 `qwen-plus`）
+ * - `LLM_TIMEOUT_MS`：请求超时毫秒数（默认 30000）
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class OpenAICompatibleGateway implements AIGateway {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(OpenAICompatibleGateway.name);
+  private readonly apiKey: string;
+  private readonly baseUrl: string;
+  private readonly model: string;
+  private readonly defaultTimeoutMs: number;
+
+  constructor(private readonly config: ConfigService) {
+    this.apiKey = this.config.get<string>('LLM_API_KEY', '');
+    this.baseUrl = this.config.get<string>(
+      'LLM_BASE_URL',
+      'https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1',
+    );
+    this.model = this.config.get<string>('LLM_MODEL', 'qwen-plus');
+    this.defaultTimeoutMs = this.config.get<number>('LLM_TIMEOUT_MS', 30000);
+
+    if (!this.apiKey) {
+      this.logger.warn('LLM_API_KEY 未设置，AI 网关将无法正常调用大模型');
+    } else {
+      this.logger.log(
+        `AI 网关已配置 → ${this.baseUrl} / 模型: ${this.model}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  async generate(request: AIGenerationRequest): Promise<AIGenerationResult> {
+    if (!this.apiKey) {
+      throw new Error('LLM_API_KEY 未配置，无法调用 AI 服务');
+    }
+
+    const timeoutMs = request.timeoutMs ?? this.defaultTimeoutMs;
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
+
+    try {
+      const body = {
+        model: this.model,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user', content: request.prompt }],
+        temperature: 0.7,
+        max_tokens: 2048,
+      };
+
+      const url = `${this.baseUrl.replace(/\/+$/, '')}/chat/completions`;
+
+      const res = await fetch(url, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+          Authorization: `Bearer ${this.apiKey}`,
+        },
+        body: JSON.stringify(body),
+        signal: controller.signal,
+      });
+
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        const errText = await res.text().catch(() => '');
+        this.logger.error(
+          `LLM API 调用失败: HTTP ${res.status} - ${errText.slice(0, 500)}`,
+        );
+        throw new Error(`AI 服务返回错误 (HTTP ${res.status})`);
+      }
+
+      const data = (await res.json()) as {
+        choices?: Array<{ message?: { content?: string } }>;
+      };
+
+      const content = data.choices?.[0]?.message?.content ?? '';
+
+      const sources = request.sources ?? [];
+      const annotation: CredibilityAnnotation = {
+        sources,
+        confidence: sources.length > 0 ? 75 : 50,
+        verified: sources.length > 0,
+      };
+
+      return { content, annotation };
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (error instanceof DOMException && error.name === 'AbortError') {
+        throw new Error(`AI 生成超时（${timeoutMs}ms）`);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    } finally {
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/database/database.config.ts b/src/infra/database/database.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ab2004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/database/database.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { registerAs } from '@nestjs/config';
+
+/**
+ * PostgreSQL 数据库配置。
+ *
+ * 从环境变量读取连接参数（见 .env.example）。生产环境应禁用 synchronize，
+ * 使用迁移管理 schema。design.md 选用 PostgreSQL 作为关系型主存储。
+ */
+export interface DatabaseConfig {
+  host: string;
+  port: number;
+  username: string;
+  password: string;
+  database: string;
+  synchronize: boolean;
+  logging: boolean;
+}
+
+export const databaseConfig = registerAs(
+  'database',
+  (): DatabaseConfig => ({
+    host: process.env.DB_HOST ?? 'localhost',
+    port: parseInt(process.env.DB_PORT ?? '5432', 10),
+    username: process.env.DB_USERNAME ?? 'postgres',
+    password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD ?? 'postgres',
+    database: process.env.DB_DATABASE ?? 'college_ai_center',
+    synchronize: process.env.DB_SYNCHRONIZE === 'true',
+    logging: process.env.DB_LOGGING === 'true',
+  }),
+);
diff --git a/src/infra/database/database.module.ts b/src/infra/database/database.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..878a273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/database/database.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { databaseConfig, DatabaseConfig } from './database.config';
+
+/**
+ * 数据库模块：基于 TypeORM 建立 PostgreSQL 连接。
+ *
+ * 连接参数通过 ConfigService 从环境变量异步加载。实体将随各业务模块逐步注册，
+ * 这里通过 autoLoadEntities 自动收集各模块通过 forFeature 注册的实体。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    TypeOrmModule.forRootAsync({
+      imports: [ConfigModule.forFeature(databaseConfig)],
+      inject: [ConfigService],
+      useFactory: (config: ConfigService) => {
+        const db = config.get<DatabaseConfig>('database');
+        return {
+          type: 'postgres',
+          host: db?.host,
+          port: db?.port,
+          username: db?.username,
+          password: db?.password,
+          database: db?.database,
+          synchronize: db?.synchronize ?? false,
+          logging: db?.logging ?? false,
+          autoLoadEntities: true,
+        };
+      },
+    }),
+  ],
+})
+export class DatabaseModule {}
diff --git a/src/infra/database/persistence.util.ts b/src/infra/database/persistence.util.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196ca95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/database/persistence.util.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * 持久化装配开关工具。
+ *
+ * 全系统采用「仓库接口 + DI 令牌」解耦持久化实现：每个模块既提供内存实现
+ * （`InMemoryXxxRepository`，无需数据库即可运行，供测试与本地默认装配），也提供
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的实现（`TypeOrmXxxRepository`）。
+ *
+ * 由环境变量 `DB_ENABLED` 统一切换：
+ * - `DB_ENABLED=true`：各模块导入 `TypeOrmModule.forFeature([...实体])` 并将仓库令牌
+ *   绑定到 TypeORM 实现，`AppModule` 同时引入 `DatabaseModule` 建立 PostgreSQL 连接。
+ * - 其他（含未设置、测试环境）：各模块绑定内存实现，不依赖数据库——保证既有单元/
+ *   属性/集成测试无需真实数据库即可运行。
+ *
+ * 该开关在模块定义（装饰器求值）时读取，故须在应用启动前设置 `DB_ENABLED`
+ * （见 .env.example）。
+ */
+export function isDatabaseEnabled(): boolean {
+  return process.env.DB_ENABLED === 'true';
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/index.ts b/src/infra/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a86eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export * from './database/database.config';
+export * from './database/database.module';
+export * from './ai-gateway';
+export * from './reference-source';
diff --git a/src/infra/reference-source/index.ts b/src/infra/reference-source/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2656f71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/reference-source/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export * from './reference-source.types';
+export * from './mock-reference-source.adapter';
+export * from './reference-source.module';
diff --git a/src/infra/reference-source/mock-reference-source.adapter.spec.ts b/src/infra/reference-source/mock-reference-source.adapter.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec9027c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/reference-source/mock-reference-source.adapter.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { MockReferenceSourceAdapter } from './mock-reference-source.adapter';
+import { ReferenceSourceType } from './reference-source.types';
+
+describe('MockReferenceSourceAdapter', () => {
+  let adapter: MockReferenceSourceAdapter;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    adapter = new MockReferenceSourceAdapter();
+  });
+
+  it('默认列出全部五个资料来源', async () => {
+    const sources = await adapter.listAvailableSources();
+    expect(sources).toEqual([
+      ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+      ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+      ReferenceSourceType.Wanfang,
+      ReferenceSourceType.UpToDate,
+      ReferenceSourceType.Cochrane,
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('默认每个可用来源返回一条 mock 条目（仅含元信息，无全文）', async () => {
+    const out = await adapter.search({
+      query: '糖尿病管理',
+      sources: [ReferenceSourceType.PubMed, ReferenceSourceType.CNKI],
+    });
+    expect(out.items).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(out.availableSources).toEqual([
+      ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+      ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+    ]);
+    for (const item of out.items) {
+      expect(item).toHaveProperty('abstract');
+      expect(item).toHaveProperty('url');
+      // 版权安全：不应包含全文字段
+      expect(item).not.toHaveProperty('fullText');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('可模拟全部来源不可用（需求 10.8 场景）', async () => {
+    adapter.setAvailableSources([]);
+    const out = await adapter.search({
+      query: 'x',
+      sources: [ReferenceSourceType.PubMed],
+    });
+    expect(out.availableSources).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(out.items).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('可模拟空结果（需求 10.7 场景）', async () => {
+    adapter.setCannedItems([]);
+    const out = await adapter.search({
+      query: '极冷门检索式',
+      sources: [ReferenceSourceType.PubMed],
+    });
+    expect(out.items).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('遵循 limit 限制返回数量', async () => {
+    const out = await adapter.search({
+      query: 'x',
+      sources: [
+        ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+        ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+        ReferenceSourceType.Wanfang,
+      ],
+      limit: 1,
+    });
+    expect(out.items).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/infra/reference-source/mock-reference-source.adapter.ts b/src/infra/reference-source/mock-reference-source.adapter.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..333fec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/reference-source/mock-reference-source.adapter.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  ReferenceItem,
+  ReferenceSearchInput,
+  ReferenceSearchOutput,
+  ReferenceSourceAdapter,
+  ReferenceSourceType,
+} from './reference-source.types';
+
+/**
+ * Mock 资料来源适配器骨架。
+ *
+ * 用于测试与本地开发，模拟外部医学数据库的不同状态：
+ * - 正常返回若干条目；
+ * - 指定来源不可用（需求 10.8）；
+ * - 空结果（需求 10.7）。
+ *
+ * 真实实现（对接 PubMed/CNKI 等 API）应在后续任务中以同样接口提供。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MockReferenceSourceAdapter implements ReferenceSourceAdapter {
+  private availableSources: ReferenceSourceType[] = [
+    ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+    ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+    ReferenceSourceType.Wanfang,
+    ReferenceSourceType.UpToDate,
+    ReferenceSourceType.Cochrane,
+  ];
+  /** 配置的固定返回结果；为空数组表示空结果场景。 */
+  private cannedItems: ReferenceItem[] | null = null;
+
+  /** 配置当前可用的资料来源（空数组模拟全部不可用，需求 10.8）。 */
+  setAvailableSources(sources: ReferenceSourceType[]): void {
+    this.availableSources = [...sources];
+  }
+
+  /** 配置检索返回的固定条目（传入 [] 模拟空结果，需求 10.7）。 */
+  setCannedItems(items: ReferenceItem[] | null): void {
+    this.cannedItems = items ? [...items] : items;
+  }
+
+  async listAvailableSources(): Promise<ReferenceSourceType[]> {
+    return [...this.availableSources];
+  }
+
+  async search(
+    input: ReferenceSearchInput,
+  ): Promise<ReferenceSearchOutput> {
+    const availableSources = input.sources.filter((s) =>
+      this.availableSources.includes(s),
+    );
+
+    if (this.cannedItems !== null) {
+      const limited =
+        typeof input.limit === 'number'
+          ? this.cannedItems.slice(0, input.limit)
+          : this.cannedItems;
+      return { items: [...limited], availableSources };
+    }
+
+    // 默认：每个可用来源返回一条 mock 条目。
+    const items: ReferenceItem[] = availableSources.map((source, index) => ({
+      id: `mock-${source}-${index}`,
+      source,
+      title: `Mock 文献条目 (${source})`,
+      authors: ['Mock Author'],
+      publishedAt: '2024-01-01',
+      abstract: `针对查询「${input.query}」的 mock 摘要。`,
+      url: `https://example.org/${source}/${index}`,
+    }));
+
+    const limited =
+      typeof input.limit === 'number' ? items.slice(0, input.limit) : items;
+    return { items: limited, availableSources };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/reference-source/reference-source.module.ts b/src/infra/reference-source/reference-source.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5467a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/reference-source/reference-source.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { MockReferenceSourceAdapter } from './mock-reference-source.adapter';
+import { REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER } from './reference-source.types';
+
+/**
+ * 资料来源模块。
+ *
+ * 当前默认绑定 Mock 适配器作为骨架。后续接入真实数据库 API 时，
+ * 替换 provider 即可，业务模块通过 `REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER` 令牌注入。
+ */
+@Module({
+  providers: [
+    MockReferenceSourceAdapter,
+    {
+      provide: REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER,
+      useExisting: MockReferenceSourceAdapter,
+    },
+  ],
+  exports: [REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER, MockReferenceSourceAdapter],
+})
+export class ReferenceSourceModule {}
diff --git a/src/infra/reference-source/reference-source.types.ts b/src/infra/reference-source/reference-source.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b94dd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/reference-source/reference-source.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * 资料来源适配器类型定义。
+ *
+ * design.md 规定：通过资料来源适配器（Reference Source Adapter）对接
+ * PubMed/CNKI/万方/UpToDate/Cochrane 等外部数据库 API。
+ * 测试中以 mock 模拟外部数据库的可用、不可用、空结果等状态（需求 10.7、10.8）。
+ *
+ * 版权安全（需求 10.4）：检索条目仅含检索信息、摘要与原文链接，不存储或分发全文。
+ */
+
+/** 支持的资料来源类型。 */
+export enum ReferenceSourceType {
+  PubMed = 'PUBMED',
+  CNKI = 'CNKI',
+  Wanfang = 'WANFANG',
+  UpToDate = 'UPTODATE',
+  Cochrane = 'COCHRANE',
+}
+
+/** 一条检索结果条目（仅元信息，不含受版权保护全文，需求 10.4）。 */
+export interface ReferenceItem {
+  id: string;
+  source: ReferenceSourceType;
+  title: string;
+  authors: string[];
+  publishedAt: string;
+  /** 摘要。 */
+  abstract: string;
+  /** 指向原文的链接。 */
+  url: string;
+}
+
+/** 检索查询入参。 */
+export interface ReferenceSearchInput {
+  /** 检索表达式（含 PICO 要素 / MeSH 主题词）。 */
+  query: string;
+  /** 指定检索的资料来源范围。 */
+  sources: ReferenceSourceType[];
+  /** 限制返回数量。 */
+  limit?: number;
+}
+
+/** 检索查询结果。 */
+export interface ReferenceSearchOutput {
+  items: ReferenceItem[];
+  /** 本次检索中实际可用的来源。 */
+  availableSources: ReferenceSourceType[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 资料来源适配器抽象接口。
+ */
+export interface ReferenceSourceAdapter {
+  /** 返回当前可用的资料来源。 */
+  listAvailableSources(): Promise<ReferenceSourceType[]>;
+  /** 在指定来源范围内检索。 */
+  search(input: ReferenceSearchInput): Promise<ReferenceSearchOutput>;
+}
+
+/** 依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER = Symbol('REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER');
diff --git a/src/integration/achievement-profile-career.integration.spec.ts b/src/integration/achievement-profile-career.integration.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3dc62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/integration/achievement-profile-career.integration.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+import { isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { ModuleSource } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AchievementType } from '@modules/learning-space';
+import { ProfileDimension, INSUFFICIENT_DATA } from '@modules/profile-engine';
+import { CareerGoal } from '@modules/career-module';
+
+import {
+  IntegrationHarness,
+  makeIntegrationHarness,
+} from './integration-harness';
+
+/**
+ * 端到端集成：学习成果 → 能力标签 → 画像 → 职业规划 的数据贯通验证
+ * （任务 14；需求 1.7、14.1、6.x、9.1）。
+ *
+ * 贯通核心：学习空间、画像引擎与职业规划模块**共享同一个能力图谱仓库**。
+ * 本测试验证一条数据自学习空间写入能力图谱后，能被画像引擎与职业规划模块读取并反映，
+ * 形成「成果 → 标签 → 画像维度 → 发展规划差距项」的贯通链路。
+ */
+describe('集成：学习成果→能力标签→画像→职业规划 贯通（需求 14.1、6.x、9.1）', () => {
+  let h: IntegrationHarness;
+  const studentId = 'stu-integration-1';
+  const clinicalGoal: CareerGoal = {
+    id: 'goal.clinical-physician',
+    title: '临床医师',
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    h = await makeIntegrationHarness();
+  });
+
+  it('学习成果新增后映射到能力图谱的已定义标签（成果→标签贯通，需求 1.7、14.1）', async () => {
+    const added = await h.learningSpace.addAchievement(studentId, {
+      type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship,
+      title: '内科见习记录',
+      occurredAt: new Date('2024-10-01T00:00:00Z'),
+    });
+
+    expect(isOk(added)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(added)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 成果关联到 ≥1 已定义能力标签（需求 1.7）。
+    expect(added.value.pendingTagAssociation).toBe(false);
+    expect(added.value.achievement.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // 贯通验证：同一共享能力图谱中存在一条来自学习空间、指向该成果的映射记录。
+    const mappings = await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId);
+    expect(mappings.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const mapping = mappings.find(
+      (m) => m.referenceId === added.value.achievement.id,
+    );
+    expect(mapping).toBeDefined();
+    expect(mapping?.source).toBe(ModuleSource.LearningSpace);
+    // 映射的标签均为已定义临床类标签。
+    for (const tagId of mapping?.tagIds ?? []) {
+      expect(await h.tagService.isDefinedTag(tagId)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('能力图谱状态经画像引擎读取并反映到对应维度（图谱→画像贯通，需求 6.1、6.4）', async () => {
+    // 先经学习空间建立成果与标签关联（无分值映射）。
+    const added = await h.learningSpace.addAchievement(studentId, {
+      type: AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+      title: '系统解剖学课程记录',
+      occurredAt: new Date('2024-10-08T00:00:00Z'),
+    });
+    expect(isOk(added)).toBe(true);
+
+    // 初次画像：知识维度尚无分值数据 → 数据不足（需求 6.5）。
+    const before = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(before)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(before)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const knowledgeBefore = before.value.dimensions.find(
+      (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+    )!;
+    expect(knowledgeBefore.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+
+    // 向共享能力图谱写入一条带分值的知识能力数据（代表对成果的能力评定）。
+    const mapped = await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      {
+        studentId,
+        referenceId: added.ok ? added.value.achievement.id : 'x',
+        score: 72,
+      },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+    expect(isOk(mapped)).toBe(true);
+
+    // 再次画像：读取同一共享图谱，知识维度反映为有界分值并可追溯（需求 6.1、6.3、6.4）。
+    const after = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(after)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(after)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const knowledgeAfter = after.value.dimensions.find(
+      (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+    )!;
+    expect(knowledgeAfter.score).toBe(72);
+    expect(knowledgeAfter.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(knowledgeAfter.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+    expect(knowledgeAfter.traceability.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // 画像分值与能力概览口径一致（复用同一共享图谱聚合）。
+    const overview = await h.overviewService.getCompetencyOverview(studentId);
+    const overviewKnowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+      (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+    )!;
+    expect(knowledgeAfter.score).toBe(overviewKnowledge.score);
+  });
+
+  it('职业规划发展规划基于同一共享能力图谱计算差距项（图谱→职业规划贯通，需求 9.1）', async () => {
+    // 设定职业目标（关联岗位胜任力模型）。
+    const goalResult = await h.career.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+    expect(isOk(goalResult)).toBe(true);
+
+    // 向共享能力图谱写入知识维度分值（低于模型要求水平 80）。
+    const mapped = await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'eval-knowledge-1', score: 50 },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+    expect(isOk(mapped)).toBe(true);
+
+    // 生成发展规划：读取同一共享图谱逐项对照（需求 9.1）。
+    const plan = await h.career.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+      studentId,
+      clinicalGoal.id,
+    );
+    expect(isOk(plan)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(plan)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // tag.knowledge.basic 当前 50 < 要求 80 → 数值差距项（贯通：career 读到了写入的分值）。
+    const knowledgeGap = plan.value.gaps.find(
+      (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+    );
+    expect(knowledgeGap).toBeDefined();
+    expect(knowledgeGap?.missingData).toBe(false);
+    expect(knowledgeGap?.currentLevel).toBe(50);
+    expect(knowledgeGap?.requiredLevel).toBe(80);
+    // 每个差距项引用对应能力标签并含建议行动（需求 9.2、9.4）。
+    expect(knowledgeGap?.suggestedActions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // 缺数据的能力标签（未写入分值）作为缺数据差距项（需求 9.1）。
+    const clinicalGap = plan.value.gaps.find(
+      (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.clinical.decision',
+    );
+    expect(clinicalGap?.missingData).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('能力图谱更新后职业规划动态重算差距项（闭环贯通，需求 9.5）', async () => {
+    await h.career.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+    // 初始：知识维度 50 → 差距项存在。
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'eval-k-1', score: 50 },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+    const first = await h.career.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+      studentId,
+      clinicalGoal.id,
+    );
+    expect(isOk(first)).toBe(true);
+    if (isOk(first)) {
+      expect(
+        first.value.gaps.find((g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic'),
+      ).toBeDefined();
+    }
+
+    // 共享图谱更新：补充高分映射，平均 (50+100+100)/3 = 83 ≥ 80 → 达标。
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'eval-k-2', score: 100 },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'eval-k-3', score: 100 },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+
+    const second = await h.career.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+      studentId,
+      clinicalGoal.id,
+    );
+    expect(isOk(second)).toBe(true);
+    if (isOk(second)) {
+      // 动态闭环：再次请求基于更新后的图谱重算，知识差距项消失（需求 9.5）。
+      expect(
+        second.value.gaps.find((g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic'),
+      ).toBeUndefined();
+    }
+
+    // 画像同步反映更新后的知识维度分值（需求 6.3）。
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (isOk(profile)) {
+      const knowledge = profile.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(83);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/integration/core-invariants.integration.spec.ts b/src/integration/core-invariants.integration.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4885828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/integration/core-invariants.integration.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE } from '@common/pagination';
+
+import {
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AchievementType } from '@modules/learning-space';
+import {
+  SkillDefinitionService,
+  createBuiltinSkillDefinitions,
+} from '@modules/skill-center';
+import {
+  Action,
+  Purpose,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  SensitiveFieldCategory,
+  User,
+} from '@modules/compliance';
+
+import {
+  IntegrationHarness,
+  buildReferenceItem,
+  makeIntegrationHarness,
+} from './integration-harness';
+
+/**
+ * 端到端集成：核心不变量贯通触达（任务 14；确认 Property 1-8 的核心不变量在装配后成立）。
+ *
+ * 说明：Property 1-8 的完整属性测试分散在各模块的 `*.property.spec.ts` /
+ * `*.spec.ts` 中（fast-check 驱动），由全量测试套件统一运行。本文件不重复属性测试，
+ * 而是以集成装配的真实服务对每个 Property 所在领域做一次"核心不变量"冒烟断言，
+ * 确认底座装配正确、跨模块共享时各不变量仍然成立。
+ */
+describe('集成：核心不变量贯通触达（Property 1-8 冒烟确认）', () => {
+  let h: IntegrationHarness;
+  const studentId = 'stu-invariant-1';
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    h = await makeIntegrationHarness();
+  });
+
+  it('Property 1（技能定义序列化往返一致性）：内置技能定义往返等价', () => {
+    const codec = new SkillDefinitionService();
+    for (const def of createBuiltinSkillDefinitions()) {
+      const roundTripped = codec.deserialize(codec.serialize(def));
+      expect(codec.equivalent(def, roundTripped)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('Property 2（能力标签映射有效性）：已定义标签映射成功、未定义标签拒绝且不创建记录', async () => {
+    // 已定义标签 → 成功。
+    const okResult = await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'ref-ok', score: 60 },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+    expect(isOk(okResult)).toBe(true);
+
+    // 未定义标签 → 拒绝、不创建映射记录（需求 14.3）。
+    const before = (await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId)).length;
+    const badResult = await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'ref-bad' },
+      ['tag.does-not-exist'],
+    );
+    expect(isErr(badResult)).toBe(true);
+    const after = (await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId)).length;
+    expect(after).toBe(before);
+  });
+
+  it('Property 3（画像维度分值有界性）：每个维度为 [0,100] 数值或数据不足标记', async () => {
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'ref-k', score: 150 }, // 越界 → clamp
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(profile)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const dim of profile.value.dimensions) {
+      if (dim.score === INSUFFICIENT_DATA) {
+        expect(dim.traceability).toEqual([]);
+      } else {
+        expect(typeof dim.score).toBe('number');
+        expect(dim.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(dim.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+      }
+    }
+    // 越界分值被 clamp 到 100。
+    const knowledge = profile.value.dimensions.find(
+      (d) => d.dimensionName === '知识掌握',
+    )!;
+    expect(knowledge.score).toBe(100);
+  });
+
+  it('Property 4（授权强制不变量）：本人完整、非本人无授权脱敏、授权后释放、撤销后失效', async () => {
+    const owner: User = { id: studentId, role: Role.Student };
+    const mentor: User = { id: 'mentor-inv-1', role: Role.Mentor };
+    const profile = {
+      studentId,
+      fields: [
+        { key: 'dimension.knowledge', value: 80, sensitive: false },
+        {
+          key: 'dimension.clinical',
+          value: 70,
+          sensitive: true,
+          category: SensitiveFieldCategory.MedicalRecord,
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    // 本人 → 完整。
+    const ownerView = await h.consent.resolveProfileView(
+      owner,
+      profile,
+      Purpose.CareerGuidance,
+    );
+    expect(ownerView.fullAccess).toBe(true);
+    expect(ownerView.redactedFieldKeys).toEqual([]);
+
+    // 非本人无授权 → 敏感字段脱敏。
+    const noAuth = await h.consent.resolveProfileView(
+      mentor,
+      profile,
+      Purpose.MentorReview,
+    );
+    expect(noAuth.fullAccess).toBe(false);
+    expect(noAuth.redactedFieldKeys).toContain('dimension.clinical');
+
+    // 授权后 → 敏感字段释放。
+    const now = new Date();
+    const grant = await h.consent.grantConsent({
+      studentId,
+      scope: [SensitiveFieldCategory.MedicalRecord],
+      purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+      validFrom: new Date(now.getTime() - 1000),
+      validUntil: new Date(now.getTime() + 60_000),
+    });
+    expect(isOk(grant)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(grant)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const authed = await h.consent.resolveProfileView(
+      mentor,
+      profile,
+      Purpose.MentorReview,
+    );
+    expect(authed.redactedFieldKeys).not.toContain('dimension.clinical');
+
+    // 撤销后 → 立即按未授权处理（需求 7.8）。
+    await h.consent.revokeConsent(studentId, grant.value.id);
+    const afterRevoke = await h.consent.resolveProfileView(
+      mentor,
+      profile,
+      Purpose.MentorReview,
+    );
+    expect(afterRevoke.redactedFieldKeys).toContain('dimension.clinical');
+  });
+
+  it('Property 5（引用可追溯不变量）：引用输出仅含可追溯结论，无法溯源不作为引用输出', async () => {
+    const summary = await h.research.summarize([
+      buildReferenceItem({ id: 'ref-traceable' }),
+    ]);
+    expect(isOk(summary)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(summary)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const conclusion of summary.value.citationOutput) {
+      expect(conclusion.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(conclusion.citations.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    }
+    // 未验证结论绝不出现在引用输出中。
+    const unverified = summary.value.conclusions.filter((c) => !c.verified);
+    for (const c of unverified) {
+      expect(summary.value.citationOutput).not.toContain(c);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('Property 6（权限判定一致性）：允许 ⟺ 操作在角色范围内；越权必记录拒绝', async () => {
+    const admin: User = { id: 'admin-inv-1', role: Role.Administrator };
+    const student: User = { id: 'stu-inv-2', role: Role.Student };
+
+    // 管理员可配置技能定义（范围内）。
+    const adminDecision = await h.compliance.checkAccess(
+      admin,
+      { resourceType: ResourceType.SkillDefinition, identifier: 's-1' },
+      Action.Configure,
+    );
+    expect(adminDecision.allowed).toBe(true);
+
+    // 学生删除审计日志（越权）→ 拒绝并记录。
+    const studentDecision = await h.compliance.checkAccess(
+      student,
+      { resourceType: ResourceType.AuditLog, identifier: 'log-1' },
+      Action.Delete,
+    );
+    expect(studentDecision.allowed).toBe(false);
+    expect(studentDecision.denialEventId).toBeTruthy();
+    const denials = await h.compliance.listDenialEventsByActor(student.id);
+    expect(denials.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('Property 7（错误路径数据保全）：非法成果新增被拒且不创建任何记录', async () => {
+    const before = await h.learningSpaceRepo.countAchievements();
+    // 缺少必填元数据（标题为空）→ 拒绝（需求 1.6）。
+    const result = await h.learningSpace.addAchievement(studentId, {
+      type: AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+      title: '   ',
+      occurredAt: new Date('2024-10-01T00:00:00Z'),
+    });
+    expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+    // 数据保全：无任何记录被创建。
+    expect(await h.learningSpaceRepo.countAchievements()).toBe(before);
+  });
+
+  it('Property 8（分页边界不变量）：单页结果数量不超过 50', async () => {
+    // 新增 55 条成果。
+    for (let i = 0; i < 55; i += 1) {
+      const result = await h.learningSpace.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        type: AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+        title: `课程记录 ${i + 1}`,
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-10-01T00:00:00Z'),
+      });
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    // 请求 pageSize 超过上界 → 被钳制到 MAX_PAGE_SIZE。
+    const page = await h.learningSpace.listAchievements(
+      studentId,
+      {},
+      { page: 1, pageSize: 1000 },
+    );
+    expect(page.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+    expect(page.items.length).toBe(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/integration/cross-cutting.integration.spec.ts b/src/integration/cross-cutting.integration.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b990ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/integration/cross-cutting.integration.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { CollaborationDimension } from '@modules/ai-collaboration';
+import { AchievementType } from '@modules/learning-space';
+import {
+  Action,
+  ComplianceAccessService,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  User,
+} from '@modules/compliance';
+
+import {
+  DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SOURCES,
+  IntegrationHarness,
+  buildReferenceItem,
+  makeIntegrationHarness,
+  seedAvailablePracticeQuestions,
+} from './integration-harness';
+
+/**
+ * 端到端集成：横切层贯通验证（任务 14；需求 16.1、17.2）。
+ *
+ * - AI 可信层（需求 16.1、16.2、16.4）：验证全系统涉及 AI 输出的模块（AI 评估、对练
+ *   改进建议、临床对话报告、研究总结、AI 协同评估）的输出均携带可信度标注，且满足
+ *   不变量：存在 ≥1 来源 ⟺ verified；置信度恒处于 0-100。
+ * - 合规模块（需求 17.2、17.3）：验证受保护资源访问经 `checkAccess` 判定——范围内
+ *   允许、越权拒绝并记录拒绝事件。
+ */
+describe('集成：AI 可信层横切贯通（需求 16.1、16.2、16.4）', () => {
+  let h: IntegrationHarness;
+  const studentId = 'stu-trust-1';
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    h = await makeIntegrationHarness();
+  });
+
+  /** 可信度标注不变量断言：≥1 来源 ⟺ verified；置信度 0-100。 */
+  const expectCredibilityInvariants = (annotation: {
+    sources: unknown[];
+    confidence: number;
+    verified: boolean;
+  }): void => {
+    expect(annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+    expect(annotation.verified).toBe(annotation.sources.length >= 1);
+  };
+
+  it('AI 评估引擎形成性评价携带可信度标注且可经可信层查看依据（需求 2.3、16.1-16.3）', async () => {
+    const added = await h.learningSpace.addAchievement(studentId, {
+      type: AchievementType.ResearchOutput,
+      title: '一项关于高血压管理的文献综述',
+      occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-20T00:00:00Z'),
+    });
+    expect(isOk(added)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(added)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const evaluation = await h.aiEvaluation.generateFormativeEvaluation(
+      added.value.achievement,
+    );
+    expect(isOk(evaluation)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(evaluation)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 评价附带可信度标注，列出 ≥1 依据来源（需求 2.3、16.1、16.2）。
+    expect(evaluation.value.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expectCredibilityInvariants(evaluation.value.annotation);
+    expect(evaluation.value.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+    // 每条发展建议引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+    expect(evaluation.value.suggestions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    for (const suggestion of evaluation.value.suggestions) {
+      expect(suggestion.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    }
+    // 经 AI 可信层按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。
+    const evidence = h.aiTrust.getEvidenceById(evaluation.value.trustOutputId);
+    expect(evidence).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(evidence?.verified).toBe(true);
+    expect(evidence?.entries.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  it('课程对练改进建议携带 0%-100% 可信度标注（需求 4.8、16.1）', async () => {
+    const courseId = 'course-trust-101';
+    // 一道题作答错误 → 该能力标签构成薄弱环节 → 触发改进建议。
+    const [q1] = await seedAvailablePracticeQuestions(h, courseId, studentId, [
+      { tagIds: ['tag.clinical.decision'] },
+    ]);
+    const start = await h.practice.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+    expect(isOk(start)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(start)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await h.practice.submitAnswer(start.value.id, q1.id, 'B'); // 错
+    const report = await h.practice.finishPractice(start.value.id);
+    expect(isOk(report)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(report)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expect(report.value.suggestions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    for (const suggestion of report.value.suggestions) {
+      expectCredibilityInvariants(suggestion.annotation);
+      expect(suggestion.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      expect(suggestion.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('临床对话报告携带可信度标注（需求 5.3、16.1）', async () => {
+    const start = await h.dialogue.startDialogue(
+      studentId,
+      'scenario.chest-pain-001',
+    );
+    expect(isOk(start)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(start)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await h.dialogue.sendTurn(start.value.id, '请描述您的症状。');
+    const report = await h.dialogue.finishDialogue(start.value.id);
+    expect(isOk(report)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(report)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expectCredibilityInvariants(report.value.annotation);
+    expect(report.value.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(report.value.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it('研究资料总结携带可信度标注且引用输出仅含可追溯结论（需求 11.1、11.4、16.4）', async () => {
+    const summary = await h.research.summarize([buildReferenceItem()]);
+    expect(isOk(summary)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(summary)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expectCredibilityInvariants(summary.value.annotation);
+    // 引用输出中的每条结论均可追溯（需求 11.4，Property 5）。
+    for (const conclusion of summary.value.citationOutput) {
+      expect(conclusion.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(conclusion.citations.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('AI 协同评估携带可信度标注（需求 12.x、16.1）', async () => {
+    const tasks = await h.collaboration.listTrainingTasks(
+      CollaborationDimension.Questioning,
+    );
+    const evaluation = await h.collaboration.evaluateTask(
+      studentId,
+      tasks[0].id,
+      {
+        content: '协同评估提交',
+        dimensionEvidence: {
+          [CollaborationDimension.Questioning]: '结构化提问证据。',
+        },
+      },
+    );
+    expect(isOk(evaluation)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(evaluation)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expectCredibilityInvariants(evaluation.value.annotation);
+    expect(evaluation.value.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it('无法溯源的 AI 输出被标注「未经核验」（需求 16.4）', async () => {
+    // 经 AI 可信层封装一条无来源输出，验证未经核验标注。
+    const wrapped = h.aiTrust.wrap({ content: '无来源的 AI 输出' });
+    expect(wrapped.annotation.verified).toBe(false);
+    expect(wrapped.annotation.sources.length).toBe(0);
+    expect(wrapped.unverified).toBe(true);
+    expect(wrapped.unverifiedLabel).toBe('未经核验');
+    expectCredibilityInvariants(wrapped.annotation);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * 合规模块横切贯通验证（需求 17.1、17.2、17.3）。
+ */
+describe('集成：合规模块横切贯通（需求 17.2、17.3）', () => {
+  let h: IntegrationHarness;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    h = await makeIntegrationHarness();
+  });
+
+  const student: User = { id: 'stu-c-1', role: Role.Student };
+  const mentor: User = { id: 'mentor-c-1', role: Role.Mentor };
+
+  it('范围内访问被允许且不记录拒绝事件（需求 17.2）', async () => {
+    const decision = await h.compliance.checkAccess(
+      student,
+      { resourceType: ResourceType.Achievement, identifier: 'ach-1' },
+      Action.Read,
+    );
+    expect(decision.allowed).toBe(true);
+    expect(decision.reason).toBeUndefined();
+    const denials = await h.compliance.listDenialEventsByActor(student.id);
+    expect(denials.length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('越权访问被拒绝并记录拒绝事件（需求 17.3）', async () => {
+    // 学生无权配置技能定义（仅管理员/导师可 Configure）。
+    const decision = await h.compliance.checkAccess(
+      student,
+      {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.SkillDefinition,
+        identifier: 'skill.research-query',
+      },
+      Action.Configure,
+    );
+    expect(decision.allowed).toBe(false);
+    expect(decision.reason).toBe(
+      ComplianceAccessService.REASON_OUT_OF_SCOPE,
+    );
+    expect(decision.denialEventId).toBeTruthy();
+
+    // 拒绝事件被记录（含操作者、资源标识、原因，需求 17.3）。
+    const denials = await h.compliance.listDenialEventsByActor(student.id);
+    expect(denials.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(denials[0].resourceType).toBe(ResourceType.SkillDefinition);
+    expect(denials[0].resourceId).toBe('skill.research-query');
+    expect(denials[0].actorId).toBe(student.id);
+  });
+
+  it('导师审核题目在权限范围内（需求 15.1、17.2）', async () => {
+    const decision = await h.compliance.checkAccess(
+      mentor,
+      { resourceType: ResourceType.Question, identifier: 'q-1' },
+      Action.Review,
+    );
+    expect(decision.allowed).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('导师查看非所带学生画像经记录级校验记录越权尝试（需求 15.4、17.3）', async () => {
+    // 角色级 checkAccess 允许导师读取学生画像（需求 17.1）。
+    const roleDecision = await h.compliance.checkAccess(
+      mentor,
+      { resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile, identifier: 'stu-x' },
+      Action.Read,
+    );
+    expect(roleDecision.allowed).toBe(true);
+
+    // 记录级：缺少带教关系 → 由调用方记录越权尝试（需求 15.4）。
+    const denial = await h.compliance.recordDenial(
+      mentor,
+      { resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile, identifier: 'stu-x' },
+      Action.Read,
+    );
+    expect(denial.allowed).toBe(false);
+    expect(denial.reason).toBe(ComplianceAccessService.REASON_NO_MENTORSHIP);
+    const denials = await h.compliance.listDenialEventsByActor(mentor.id);
+    expect(denials.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(denials[0].resourceId).toBe('stu-x');
+  });
+
+  it('研究查询来源全部不可用时中止检索并保留检索式（合规/数据保全贯通，需求 10.8）', async () => {
+    const studentId = 'stu-c-2';
+    const queryResult = await h.research.generateSearchQuery(
+      studentId,
+      '阿司匹林预防冠心病的疗效',
+    );
+    expect(isOk(queryResult)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(queryResult)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const before = await h.researchRepo.countQueries();
+
+    // 所有指定来源不可用。
+    h.referenceAdapter.setAvailableSources([]);
+    const search = await h.research.search(
+      queryResult.value,
+      DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SOURCES,
+    );
+    expect(isErr(search)).toBe(true);
+    // 数据保全：检索式记录不变（需求 10.8）。
+    expect(await h.researchRepo.countQueries()).toBe(before);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/integration/integration-harness.ts b/src/integration/integration-harness.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e8afe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/integration/integration-harness.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+/**
+ * 端到端集成测试装配（任务 14：端到端集成与贯通验证）。
+ *
+ * 本文件提供一个**共享同一能力图谱仓库**的全系统装配工厂，是「贯通验证」的核心：
+ * 各业务模块（学习空间、课程对练、临床情景对话、研究查询、AI 协同、画像、职业规划）
+ * 与底座（能力图谱、技能能力中心、AI 可信层、合规模块）均使用内存仓库 / mock 适配器
+ * 直接装配（与各模块单测一致的 `new` 装配风格），并**共享同一个**
+ * `InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository` 实例——使一个模块写入能力图谱的数据可被下游
+ * 模块（画像、职业规划）读取，从而对跨模块数据贯通（需求 14.1）进行集成验证。
+ *
+ * 该文件不含测试用例（非 `*.spec.ts`），仅作为集成测试的共享装配与工具。
+ */
+
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import {
+  MockReferenceSourceAdapter,
+  ReferenceItem,
+  ReferenceSourceType,
+} from '@infra/reference-source';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyOverviewService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import {
+  InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository,
+  LearningSpaceService,
+} from '@modules/learning-space';
+import { AIEvaluationService } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSource as PracticeAuthoritativeSource,
+  AuthoritativeSourceType as PracticeSourceType,
+  InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository,
+  MockCourseContentProvider,
+  PracticeEngineService,
+  Question,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  QuestionType,
+  SystemPracticeClock,
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources as buildDefaultPracticeSources,
+} from '@modules/practice-engine';
+import {
+  ClinicalDialogueService,
+  InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository,
+  MockClinicalScenarioProvider,
+  SystemDialogueClock,
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources as buildDefaultDialogueSources,
+  buildDefaultScenario,
+} from '@modules/clinical-dialogue';
+import {
+  InMemoryResearchQueryRepository,
+  ResearchQueryService,
+  SystemResearchQueryClock,
+} from '@modules/research-query';
+import {
+  AICollaborationService,
+  InMemoryAICollaborationRepository,
+  SystemCollaborationClock,
+} from '@modules/ai-collaboration';
+import { ProfileEngineService } from '@modules/profile-engine';
+import {
+  CareerService,
+  InMemoryCareerRepository,
+  SystemCareerClock,
+  buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider,
+  buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider,
+} from '@modules/career-module';
+import {
+  ComplianceAccessService,
+  ConsentService,
+  InMemoryComplianceRepository,
+} from '@modules/compliance';
+
+/**
+ * 端到端集成装配：全系统服务 + 共享底座仓库。
+ *
+ * `graphRepo` 是贯通验证的关键——全部接触能力图谱的服务共享该实例。
+ */
+export interface IntegrationHarness {
+  /** 共享能力图谱仓库（贯通验证核心：所有模块共享同一实例）。 */
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  overviewService: CompetencyOverviewService;
+  aiTrust: AITrustService;
+  gateway: MockAIGateway;
+
+  learningSpaceRepo: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  learningSpace: LearningSpaceService;
+
+  aiEvaluation: AIEvaluationService;
+
+  practiceRepo: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository;
+  practiceProvider: MockCourseContentProvider;
+  practice: PracticeEngineService;
+
+  dialogueRepo: InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository;
+  dialogueProvider: MockClinicalScenarioProvider;
+  dialogue: ClinicalDialogueService;
+
+  researchRepo: InMemoryResearchQueryRepository;
+  referenceAdapter: MockReferenceSourceAdapter;
+  research: ResearchQueryService;
+
+  collaborationRepo: InMemoryAICollaborationRepository;
+  collaboration: AICollaborationService;
+
+  profile: ProfileEngineService;
+
+  careerRepo: InMemoryCareerRepository;
+  career: CareerService;
+
+  complianceRepo: InMemoryComplianceRepository;
+  compliance: ComplianceAccessService;
+  consent: ConsentService;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一个全系统集成装配，并装载默认能力标签体系（需求 14.1）。
+ *
+ * 所有接触能力图谱的服务（学习空间、对练、对话、研究、协同、画像、职业规划）共享
+ * 同一个 `InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository`，从而可对「一个模块写入 → 下游模块读取」
+ * 的数据贯通进行集成验证。AI 网关默认为 `success` 模式。
+ */
+export async function makeIntegrationHarness(): Promise<IntegrationHarness> {
+  // ---- 共享底座：能力图谱 + AI 可信层 + AI 网关 ----
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  const overviewService = new CompetencyOverviewService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+  const aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+  const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  gateway.setBehavior('success');
+
+  // ---- 个人学习空间（写入共享能力图谱）----
+  const learningSpaceRepo = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+  const learningSpace = new LearningSpaceService(
+    learningSpaceRepo,
+    tagService,
+    mappingService,
+  );
+
+  // ---- AI 评估引擎（经 AI 可信层封装输出）----
+  const aiEvaluation = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+
+  // ---- 课程对练引擎（对练报告写入共享能力图谱）----
+  const practiceProvider = new MockCourseContentProvider();
+  for (const source of buildDefaultPracticeSources()) {
+    practiceProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+  }
+  const practiceRepo = new InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository();
+  const practice = new PracticeEngineService(
+    gateway,
+    practiceProvider,
+    practiceRepo,
+    new SystemPracticeClock(),
+    mappingService,
+    tagService,
+    aiEvaluation,
+  );
+
+  // ---- 临床情景对话对练（对练报告写入共享能力图谱）----
+  const dialogueProvider = new MockClinicalScenarioProvider();
+  for (const source of buildDefaultDialogueSources()) {
+    dialogueProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+  }
+  dialogueProvider.setScenario(buildDefaultScenario());
+  const dialogueRepo = new InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository();
+  const dialogue = new ClinicalDialogueService(
+    gateway,
+    dialogueProvider,
+    dialogueRepo,
+    new SystemDialogueClock(),
+    aiTrust,
+    mappingService,
+    tagService,
+  );
+
+  // ---- 研究资料查询技能（查询使用写入共享能力图谱）----
+  const referenceAdapter = new MockReferenceSourceAdapter();
+  const researchRepo = new InMemoryResearchQueryRepository();
+  const research = new ResearchQueryService(
+    gateway,
+    referenceAdapter,
+    researchRepo,
+    new SystemResearchQueryClock(),
+    mappingService,
+    tagService,
+    aiTrust,
+  );
+
+  // ---- AI 协同能力培养（评估写入共享能力图谱）----
+  const collaborationRepo = new InMemoryAICollaborationRepository();
+  const collaboration = new AICollaborationService(
+    gateway,
+    collaborationRepo,
+    new SystemCollaborationClock(),
+    aiTrust,
+    mappingService,
+    tagService,
+  );
+
+  // ---- 学生画像引擎（读取共享能力图谱 + 学习空间）----
+  const profile = new ProfileEngineService(
+    graphRepo,
+    overviewService,
+    learningSpace,
+  );
+
+  // ---- 职业规划模块（读取共享能力图谱对照胜任力模型）----
+  const careerRepo = new InMemoryCareerRepository();
+  const career = new CareerService(
+    buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider(),
+    careerRepo,
+    new SystemCareerClock(),
+    tagService,
+    graphRepo,
+    buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider(),
+  );
+
+  // ---- 合规横切层 ----
+  const complianceRepo = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+  const compliance = new ComplianceAccessService(complianceRepo);
+  const consent = new ConsentService(complianceRepo);
+
+  return {
+    graphRepo,
+    tagService,
+    mappingService,
+    overviewService,
+    aiTrust,
+    gateway,
+    learningSpaceRepo,
+    learningSpace,
+    aiEvaluation,
+    practiceRepo,
+    practiceProvider,
+    practice,
+    dialogueRepo,
+    dialogueProvider,
+    dialogue,
+    researchRepo,
+    referenceAdapter,
+    research,
+    collaborationRepo,
+    collaboration,
+    profile,
+    careerRepo,
+    career,
+    complianceRepo,
+    compliance,
+    consent,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 直接向课程对练仓库登记一批「可用于对练」题目（绕过生成/审核，聚焦贯通流程）。
+ *
+ * 每道题为 A1 选择题、标准答案为 'A'，并关联给定能力标签，便于驱动对练报告映射到
+ * 能力图谱（需求 4.6）。
+ *
+ * @param harness 集成装配。
+ * @param courseId 题目所属课程标识。
+ * @param studentId 归属学生标识。
+ * @param specs 每道题的能力标签配置。
+ */
+export async function seedAvailablePracticeQuestions(
+  harness: IntegrationHarness,
+  courseId: string,
+  studentId: string,
+  specs: { tagIds: string[] }[],
+): Promise<Question[]> {
+  const defaultSource: PracticeAuthoritativeSource =
+    buildDefaultPracticeSources()[0];
+  const questions: Question[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < specs.length; i += 1) {
+    const question: Question = {
+      id: `${courseId}-q-${i + 1}`,
+      courseId,
+      studentId,
+      topicId: `${courseId}-topic-${i + 1}`,
+      type: QuestionType.A1,
+      stem: `集成测试题目 ${i + 1}`,
+      options: [
+        { key: 'A', text: '选项 A' },
+        { key: 'B', text: '选项 B' },
+      ],
+      answer: 'A',
+      authoritativeSources: [
+        {
+          sourceId: defaultSource.id,
+          title: defaultSource.title,
+          citation: defaultSource.citation,
+          type: PracticeSourceType.Textbook,
+        },
+      ],
+      competencyTagIds: [...specs[i].tagIds],
+      status: QuestionStatus.Available,
+      generatedAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+    };
+    questions.push(await harness.practiceRepo.saveQuestion(question));
+  }
+  return questions;
+}
+
+/** 默认资料来源集合（供研究查询检索使用）。 */
+export const DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SOURCES: ReferenceSourceType[] = [
+  ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+  ReferenceSourceType.Cochrane,
+];
+
+/** 一个可追溯的资料条目工厂（供研究查询总结/引用流程使用）。 */
+export function buildReferenceItem(
+  over: Partial<ReferenceItem> = {},
+): ReferenceItem {
+  return {
+    id: 'ref-1',
+    source: ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+    title: '二甲双胍治疗 2 型糖尿病的随机对照试验系统评价',
+    authors: ['张三', '李四'],
+    publishedAt: '2023-06-01',
+    abstract: '本研究系统评价了二甲双胍对 2 型糖尿病血糖控制的疗效。',
+    url: 'https://example.org/pubmed/ref-1',
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/integration/skill-graph-profile.integration.spec.ts b/src/integration/skill-graph-profile.integration.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b7dd25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/integration/skill-graph-profile.integration.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import { isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { ModuleSource } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { ProfileDimension } from '@modules/profile-engine';
+import { CollaborationDimension } from '@modules/ai-collaboration';
+
+import {
+  DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SOURCES,
+  IntegrationHarness,
+  makeIntegrationHarness,
+  seedAvailablePracticeQuestions,
+} from './integration-harness';
+
+/**
+ * 端到端集成：技能调用（课程对练 / 研究查询 / AI 协同）→ 能力图谱 → 画像 的贯通验证
+ * （任务 14；需求 4.6、5.4、10.5、12.4、6.x、14.1）。
+ *
+ * 贯通核心：技能类模块与画像引擎**共享同一个能力图谱仓库**。本测试验证技能调用结果
+ * 经能力图谱映射后，能被画像引擎读取并反映到对应画像维度。
+ */
+describe('集成：技能调用→能力图谱→画像 贯通（需求 4.6、5.4、10.5、12.4）', () => {
+  let h: IntegrationHarness;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    h = await makeIntegrationHarness();
+  });
+
+  it('课程对练报告映射到能力图谱并反映到临床画像维度（对练→图谱→画像贯通，需求 4.6）', async () => {
+    const studentId = 'stu-practice-1';
+    const courseId = 'course-cardio-101';
+    // 关联临床类标签的可用题目（对练后将映射到临床维度）。
+    const [q1, q2] = await seedAvailablePracticeQuestions(h, courseId, studentId, [
+      { tagIds: ['tag.clinical.decision'] },
+      { tagIds: ['tag.clinical.history-taking'] },
+    ]);
+
+    const start = await h.practice.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+    expect(isOk(start)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(start)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const sessionId = start.value.id;
+    // 两题均答对 → 临床标签正确率高、分值贡献为正。
+    await h.practice.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+    await h.practice.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'A');
+
+    const report = await h.practice.finishPractice(sessionId);
+    expect(isOk(report)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(report)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 报告将成绩映射到共享能力图谱（需求 4.6）。
+    expect(report.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const mappings = await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId);
+    expect(mappings.some((m) => m.source === ModuleSource.PracticeEngine)).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+
+    // 贯通验证：画像引擎读取同一共享图谱，临床技能维度反映对练成绩。
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(profile)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const clinical = profile.value.dimensions.find(
+      (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+    )!;
+    expect(typeof clinical.score).toBe('number');
+    expect(clinical.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(clinical.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+    // 该维度可追溯到课程对练数据记录（需求 6.4）。
+    expect(
+      clinical.traceability.some(
+        (t) => t.sourceModule === ModuleSource.PracticeEngine,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('研究查询使用映射到能力图谱并反映到科研画像维度（研究→图谱→画像贯通，需求 10.5）', async () => {
+    const studentId = 'stu-research-1';
+
+    // 生成检索式并检索（mock 适配器默认可用来源 + 返回条目）。
+    const queryResult = await h.research.generateSearchQuery(
+      studentId,
+      '二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病对降低血糖的疗效如何？',
+    );
+    expect(isOk(queryResult)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(queryResult)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const searchResult = await h.research.search(
+      queryResult.value,
+      DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SOURCES,
+    );
+    expect(isOk(searchResult)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(searchResult)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 查询使用情况映射到共享能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+    expect(searchResult.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    const mappings = await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId);
+    expect(
+      mappings.some((m) => m.source === ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    // 研究查询映射文献检索 / 检索式构建标签（科研维度）。
+    const researchTags = new Set(mappings.flatMap((m) => m.tagIds));
+    expect(
+      researchTags.has('tag.research.literature-search') ||
+        researchTags.has('tag.research.query-building'),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    // 贯通验证：画像引擎读取共享图谱。研究查询映射默认无分值，故科研维度可能数据不足；
+    // 这里追加一条带分值的科研映射以体现可量化反映，再验证维度分值有界。
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill,
+      { studentId, referenceId: queryResult.value.id, score: 70 },
+      ['tag.research.literature-search'],
+    );
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (isOk(profile)) {
+      const research = profile.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ResearchAbility,
+      )!;
+      expect(research.score).toBe(70);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('AI 协同评估映射到能力图谱并反映到 AI 协同画像维度（协同→图谱→画像贯通，需求 12.4）', async () => {
+    const studentId = 'stu-collab-1';
+    const tasks = await h.collaboration.listTrainingTasks(
+      CollaborationDimension.Questioning,
+    );
+    expect(tasks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    const evaluation = await h.collaboration.evaluateTask(
+      studentId,
+      tasks[0].id,
+      {
+        content: '向 AI 提出结构化临床问题并核验其回答。',
+        dimensionEvidence: {
+          [CollaborationDimension.Questioning]:
+            '我向 AI 提供了年龄、伴随症状与排除项等结构化情境信息。',
+          [CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification]:
+            '我逐条核验了 AI 输出的来源与证据等级。',
+          [CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary]:
+            '我明确了 AI 辅助与医师责任的边界。',
+          [CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow]:
+            '我设计了包含复核节点的人机协同工作流。',
+        },
+      },
+    );
+    expect(isOk(evaluation)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(evaluation)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 评估结果映射到共享能力图谱（需求 12.4）。
+    expect(evaluation.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    const mappings = await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId);
+    expect(
+      mappings.some((m) => m.source === ModuleSource.AICollaboration),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    // 贯通验证：画像引擎读取共享图谱，AI 协同素养维度反映评估结果（需求 12.4）。
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (isOk(profile)) {
+      const aiCollab = profile.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.AICollaborationLiteracy,
+      )!;
+      expect(typeof aiCollab.score).toBe('number');
+      expect(aiCollab.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(aiCollab.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+      expect(
+        aiCollab.traceability.some(
+          (t) => t.sourceModule === ModuleSource.AICollaboration,
+        ),
+      ).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('临床情景对话报告映射到能力图谱（对话→图谱贯通，需求 5.4）', async () => {
+    const studentId = 'stu-dialogue-1';
+    const start = await h.dialogue.startDialogue(
+      studentId,
+      'scenario.chest-pain-001',
+    );
+    expect(isOk(start)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(start)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await h.dialogue.sendTurn(start.value.id, '请问您哪里不舒服？');
+    await h.dialogue.sendTurn(start.value.id, '疼痛持续多久了？');
+
+    const report = await h.dialogue.finishDialogue(start.value.id);
+    expect(isOk(report)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(report)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 三维结果映射到共享能力图谱（需求 5.4）。
+    expect(report.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const mappings = await h.mappingService.listMappings(studentId);
+    expect(
+      mappings.some(
+        (m) => m.source === ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    // 贯通验证：画像引擎读取共享图谱，临床/人文维度反映对话评估（需求 5.4、6.4）。
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (isOk(profile)) {
+      const clinical = profile.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      )!;
+      expect(
+        clinical.traceability.some(
+          (t) => t.sourceModule === ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice,
+        ) || typeof clinical.score === 'number',
+      ).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('多模块写入同一共享能力图谱后画像综合反映多个维度（多源贯通，需求 14.1、6.2）', async () => {
+    const studentId = 'stu-multi-1';
+    const courseId = 'course-multi-101';
+
+    // 课程对练 → 临床维度。
+    const [q1] = await seedAvailablePracticeQuestions(h, courseId, studentId, [
+      { tagIds: ['tag.clinical.decision'] },
+    ]);
+    const start = await h.practice.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+    if (isOk(start)) {
+      await h.practice.submitAnswer(start.value.id, q1.id, 'A');
+      await h.practice.finishPractice(start.value.id);
+    }
+
+    // 研究查询（带分值）→ 科研维度。
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'q-multi-1', score: 65 },
+      ['tag.research.literature-search'],
+    );
+
+    // 学习成果（带分值评定）→ 知识维度。
+    await h.mappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine,
+      { studentId, referenceId: 'ach-multi-1', score: 88 },
+      ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    );
+
+    const profile = await h.profile.generateProfile(studentId);
+    expect(isOk(profile)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(profile)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // 多个维度均有数值分值（多源数据在统一图谱上聚合，需求 14.1）。
+    const scored = profile.value.dimensions.filter(
+      (d) => typeof d.score === 'number',
+    );
+    const scoredDims = new Set(scored.map((d) => d.dimension));
+    expect(scoredDims.has(ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery)).toBe(true);
+    expect(scoredDims.has(ProfileDimension.ResearchAbility)).toBe(true);
+    expect(scoredDims.has(ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills)).toBe(true);
+    // 每个有分值维度均有界且可追溯。
+    for (const dim of scored) {
+      expect(dim.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(dim.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+      expect(dim.traceability.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75bec19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+/**
+ * 应用入口。
+ *
+ * 启动 NestJS HTTP 服务，端口由环境变量 APP_PORT 决定（默认 3000）。
+ *
+ * 环境变量加载时机（关键）：持久化开关 `DB_ENABLED` 在各模块定义（装饰器求值）时被
+ * 读取，早于 `ConfigModule.forRoot()` 在运行时加载 `.env`。因此这里在**导入 AppModule
+ * 之前**先用 `process.loadEnvFile('.env')` 将 `.env` 注入 `process.env`，再以动态
+ * `import()` 加载 AppModule，确保 `DB_ENABLED` 等开关在模块求值时已可见。
+ *
+ * 跨域（CORS）：默认放开跨域以便前端（Next.js）本地联调；可由 `CORS_ORIGIN` 收窄。
+ * 全局校验管道：启用 DTO 校验与白名单过滤（配合各 Controller 的 class-validator DTO）。
+ */
+async function bootstrap(): Promise<void> {
+  // 在导入 AppModule 之前加载 .env（若存在），使导入期求值的开关可见。
+  if (existsSync('.env')) {
+    process.loadEnvFile('.env');
+  }
+
+  // 动态导入：确保 AppModule 的导入期求值发生在 .env 注入之后。
+  const { AppModule } = await import('./app.module');
+
+  const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
+
+  // 前端联调：默认允许跨域；CORS_ORIGIN 可设为具体来源以收窄。
+  app.enableCors({
+    origin: process.env.CORS_ORIGIN ?? true,
+    credentials: true,
+  });
+
+  // 全局校验管道：剔除非白名单字段并转换基础类型。
+  app.useGlobalPipes(
+    new ValidationPipe({
+      whitelist: true,
+      transform: true,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const port = parseInt(process.env.APP_PORT ?? '3000', 10);
+  await app.listen(port);
+}
+
+void bootstrap();
diff --git a/src/modules/README.md b/src/modules/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ffc6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# 业务模块目录（modules）
+
+各业务模块按设计文档（design.md）的 Components and Interfaces 章节划分，将在后续任务中逐个实现。
+每个模块自成一个 NestJS 模块（含 service / controller / entity / 测试），通过依赖注入复用底座与横切层。
+
+底座层（优先实现）：
+- `competency-graph/` —— 能力图谱（任务 2）
+- `skill-center/` —— 技能能力中心（任务 3）
+
+横切层：
+- `compliance/` —— 合规模块（权限/脱敏/授权/审计，任务 4）
+- `ai-trust/` —— AI 可信层（可信度标注/来源溯源，任务 4）
+
+业务模块：
+- `learning-space/` —— 个人学习空间（任务 5）
+- `evaluation/` —— AI 评估引擎（任务 6）
+- `practice/` —— 课程对练引擎（任务 7）
+- `clinical-dialogue/` —— 临床情景对话对练（任务 8）
+- `profile/` —— 学生画像引擎（任务 9）
+- `career/` —— 职业规划模块（任务 10）
+- `research-query/` —— 研究资料查询技能（任务 11）
+- `ai-collaboration/` —— AI 协同能力培养模块（任务 12）
+- `mentor/` —— 导师端集成（任务 13）
+
+> 共享基础设施位于 `src/common`（Result/错误基类/分页）与 `src/infra`
+> （数据库、AI 网关、资料来源适配器）。
diff --git a/src/modules/academic/academic.controller.ts b/src/modules/academic/academic.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15cf063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/academic/academic.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { AcademicService } from './academic.service';
+
+@Controller('api/academic')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class AcademicController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: AcademicService) {}
+
+  @Post('records')
+  addRecord(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() body: { type?: string; title: string; content: string; mentorFeedback?: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.addRecord(user.id, body);
+  }
+
+  @Get('records')
+  listRecords(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.listRecords(user.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/academic/academic.module.ts b/src/modules/academic/academic.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62fdbf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/academic/academic.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AcademicController } from './academic.controller';
+import { AcademicService } from './academic.service';
+
+@Module({
+  providers: [AcademicService],
+  controllers: [AcademicController],
+  exports: [AcademicService],
+})
+export class AcademicModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/academic/academic.service.ts b/src/modules/academic/academic.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5612422
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/academic/academic.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+export interface AcademicRecord {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  type?: string;
+  title: string;
+  content: string;
+  mentorFeedback?: string;
+  date: string;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+
+const DEMO_RECORDS: AcademicRecord[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'demo-1',
+    studentId: 'demo',
+    type: 'journal-club',
+    title: '糖尿病肾病最新诊疗进展',
+    content: '本周 Journal Club 汇报了 2024 ADA 指南中关于糖尿病肾病筛查与治疗的新建议，重点讨论了 SGLT2i 在延缓肾功能恶化中的证据。',
+    mentorFeedback: '汇报结构清晰，但需要对 DAPA-CKD 研究的亚组分析做更深入理解。建议下周补充。',
+    date: '2024-06-01',
+    createdAt: '2024-06-01T10:00:00Z',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-2',
+    studentId: 'demo',
+    type: 'case-discussion',
+    title: '不明原因发热的鉴别诊断思路',
+    content: '参与教学查房，讨论了一例发热待查患者。从感染性疾病、肿瘤、自身免疫病三个方向进行鉴别，最终诊断为结核性腹膜炎。',
+    date: '2024-05-28',
+    createdAt: '2024-05-28T14:30:00Z',
+  },
+];
+
+@Injectable()
+export class AcademicService {
+  private records = new Map<string, AcademicRecord[]>();
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.records.set('demo', [...DEMO_RECORDS]);
+  }
+
+  addRecord(
+    studentId: string,
+    body: { type?: string; title: string; content: string; mentorFeedback?: string },
+  ): AcademicRecord {
+    const record: AcademicRecord = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      type: body.type,
+      title: body.title,
+      content: body.content,
+      mentorFeedback: body.mentorFeedback,
+      date: new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+      createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+
+    const userRecords = this.records.get(studentId) ?? [];
+    userRecords.unshift(record);
+    this.records.set(studentId, userRecords);
+
+    return record;
+  }
+
+  listRecords(studentId: string): AcademicRecord[] {
+    return this.records.get(studentId) ?? [];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/academic/index.ts b/src/modules/academic/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f980e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/academic/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { AcademicModule } from './academic.module';
+export { AcademicService } from './academic.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.controller.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7933cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Post, Query } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import {
+  AddMentorCommentDto,
+  EvaluateTaskDto,
+  ListTrainingTasksQueryDto,
+} from './ai-collaboration.dto';
+import { AICollaborationService } from './ai-collaboration.service';
+import {
+  CollaborationAssessment,
+  MentorComment,
+  TrainingTask,
+} from './ai-collaboration.types';
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养 HTTP 接口（`/api/collaboration`，需求 12）。
+ *
+ * 类级默认面向**学生本人**（`@Roles(Role.Student)`）：归属学生取自认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受请求体/路径中的 studentId，避免越权（学生角色的
+ * `id` 即 `studentId`）。导师点评端点以方法级 `@Roles(Role.Mentor)` 覆盖类级角色
+ * （`RolesGuard` 经 `getAllAndOverride` 取方法级优先）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `GET  /api/collaboration/tasks?dimension=...`：列出协同训练任务（需求 12.1，学生）。
+ * - `POST /api/collaboration/tasks/:taskId/evaluations`：完成任务并四维评估（需求 12.2-12.4、12.6、12.7，学生）。
+ * - `POST /api/collaboration/assessments/:assessmentId/comments`：导师点评协同过程质量（需求 12.5，导师）。
+ * - `GET  /api/collaboration/comments`：列出对本人可见的导师点评（需求 12.5，学生）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应（任务/评估不存在 → 404、
+ * 生成失败/超时 → 500 等）。
+ */
+@Controller('api/collaboration')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class AICollaborationController {
+  constructor(private readonly collaboration: AICollaborationService) {}
+
+  /** 列出协同训练任务（可按维度筛选，学生，需求 12.1）。 */
+  @Get('tasks')
+  async listTrainingTasks(
+    @Query() query: ListTrainingTasksQueryDto,
+  ): Promise<TrainingTask[]> {
+    return this.collaboration.listTrainingTasks(query.dimension);
+  }
+
+  /** 完成一个协同训练任务并评估四个协同能力维度（学生本人，需求 12.2-12.4、12.6、12.7）。 */
+  @Post('tasks/:taskId/evaluations')
+  async evaluateTask(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('taskId') taskId: string,
+    @Body() dto: EvaluateTaskDto,
+  ): Promise<CollaborationAssessment> {
+    const result = await this.collaboration.evaluateTask(user.id, taskId, {
+      content: dto.content,
+      adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput: dto.adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput,
+      dimensionEvidence: dto.dimensionEvidence,
+    });
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 导师对某评估结果点评协同过程质量并对学生可见（导师，需求 12.5）。 */
+  @Post('assessments/:assessmentId/comments')
+  @Roles(Role.Mentor)
+  async addMentorComment(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('assessmentId') assessmentId: string,
+    @Body() dto: AddMentorCommentDto,
+  ): Promise<MentorComment> {
+    const result = await this.collaboration.addMentorComment(
+      assessmentId,
+      user.id,
+      dto.comment,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 列出对本人可见的全部导师点评（学生本人，需求 12.5）。 */
+  @Get('comments')
+  async listVisibleComments(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ): Promise<MentorComment[]> {
+    return this.collaboration.listVisibleComments(user.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.dto.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38002ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import {
+  IsBoolean,
+  IsEnum,
+  IsObject,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  MaxLength,
+} from 'class-validator';
+
+import { CollaborationDimension, DimensionEvidence } from './ai-collaboration.types';
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养 HTTP 请求体 / 查询参数 DTO（需求 12）。
+ *
+ * 与 learning-space / clinical-dialogue 的 DTO 约定一致：使用 class-validator 装饰器在
+ * 全局 `ValidationPipe`（whitelist + transform）下完成校验；路径参数（taskId /
+ * assessmentId）以普通 `@Param` 字符串接收，不在此声明。归属学生 / 导师由认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`）决定，不在请求体中传 studentId / mentorId（防越权）。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 列出训练任务查询参数（需求 12.1）。
+ *
+ * `dimension` 可选：传入时仅返回该协同能力维度的训练任务，缺省返回全部内置任务。
+ */
+export class ListTrainingTasksQueryDto {
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsEnum(CollaborationDimension)
+  dimension?: CollaborationDimension;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 完成训练任务的提交请求体（需求 12.2、12.3、12.7）。
+ *
+ * 对应 `TaskSubmission`：
+ * - `content`：总体说明（可选）。
+ * - `adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput`：是否直接采用未经来源核验的 AI 输出（需求 12.3）。
+ * - `dimensionEvidence`：各协同能力维度的可观察证据（需求 12.2、12.7）；缺某维度时
+ *   该维度由 service 标记「数据不足」。轻量校验为对象，键值由 service 按维度只读消费。
+ */
+export class EvaluateTaskDto {
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(4000)
+  content?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsBoolean()
+  adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput?: boolean;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsObject()
+  dimensionEvidence?: Partial<Record<CollaborationDimension, DimensionEvidence>>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 导师点评请求体（需求 12.5）。
+ *
+ * 仅需点评内容；被点评对象（评估结果）由路径参数 `assessmentId` 提供，导师由认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`）决定。
+ */
+export class AddMentorCommentDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(4000)
+  comment!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fc9e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 12）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生列出训练任务（四维各 ≥1 个，需求 12.1）→ 选一任务提交并四维评估全流程
+ *   （需求 12.2、12.7）。
+ * - 直接采用未核验 AI 输出时返回需来源核验提示（需求 12.3）。
+ * - 导师对评估结果点评、且对该学生可见（需求 12.5）。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 非学生角色访问学生端点被拒（403，角色守卫）。
+ * - 训练任务不存在返回 404（需求 12.6 前置）。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）；内置训练任务目录覆盖四个维度（需求 12.1）。
+ */
+describe('AICollaboration E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `u_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('学生列出训练任务 → 提交并四维评估全流程', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    // 列出训练任务（四个维度各 ≥1 个，需求 12.1）。
+    const tasksRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/collaboration/tasks',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(tasksRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const tasks = await tasksRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(tasks)).toBe(true);
+    expect(tasks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(4);
+    const dimensions = new Set(tasks.map((t: { dimension: string }) => t.dimension));
+    expect(dimensions.size).toBe(4);
+
+    // 选择首个任务提交并评估（需求 12.2、12.7）。
+    const taskId = tasks[0].id;
+    const evalRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/collaboration/tasks/${taskId}/evaluations`,
+      {
+        content: '我针对该任务记录了向 AI 提问与核验过程。',
+        dimensionEvidence: {
+          questioning: '我提出了结构化的临床问题，明确了人群、目标与约束。',
+        },
+      },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(evalRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const assessment = await evalRes.json();
+    expect(assessment.taskId).toBe(taskId);
+    expect(Array.isArray(assessment.dimensions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(assessment.dimensions.length).toBe(4);
+    expect(assessment.requiresSourceVerification).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('维度按 dimension 过滤仅返回该维度任务（需求 12.1）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/collaboration/tasks?dimension=questioning',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const tasks = await res.json();
+    expect(tasks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(
+      tasks.every((t: { dimension: string }) => t.dimension === 'questioning'),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('直接采用未核验 AI 输出 → 需来源核验提示（需求 12.3）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const tasksRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/collaboration/tasks',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    const tasks = await tasksRes.json();
+    const evalRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/collaboration/tasks/${tasks[0].id}/evaluations`,
+      { adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput: true },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(evalRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const assessment = await evalRes.json();
+    expect(assessment.requiresSourceVerification).toBe(true);
+    expect(typeof assessment.verificationPrompt).toBe('string');
+  });
+
+  it('导师点评评估结果 → 对该学生可见（需求 12.5）', async () => {
+    const studentToken = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+
+    // 学生先完成一次评估。
+    const tasksRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/collaboration/tasks',
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    const tasks = await tasksRes.json();
+    const evalRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/collaboration/tasks/${tasks[0].id}/evaluations`,
+      { dimensionEvidence: { questioning: '结构化提问记录。' } },
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    const assessment = await evalRes.json();
+
+    // 导师点评。
+    const commentRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/collaboration/assessments/${assessment.id}/comments`,
+      { comment: '提问结构清晰，建议加强对来源的核验。' },
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(commentRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const comment = await commentRes.json();
+    expect(comment.assessmentId).toBe(assessment.id);
+    expect(comment.visibleToStudent).toBe(true);
+
+    // 学生可见该点评。
+    const visibleRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/collaboration/comments',
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(visibleRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const visible = await visibleRes.json();
+    expect(
+      visible.some((c: { id: string }) => c.id === comment.id),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('训练任务不存在返回 404（需求 12.6 前置）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/collaboration/tasks/task.does-not-exist/evaluations',
+      {},
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(404);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/collaboration/tasks');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色访问学生端点被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/collaboration/tasks',
+      undefined,
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('学生访问导师点评端点被拒（403，方法级角色覆盖）', async () => {
+    const studentToken = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/collaboration/assessments/whatever/comments',
+      { comment: '越权尝试' },
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.module.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..250015b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { AITrustModule } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { AICollaborationController } from './ai-collaboration.controller';
+import { AICollaborationService } from './ai-collaboration.service';
+import {
+  AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY,
+  COLLABORATION_CLOCK,
+} from './ai-collaboration.types';
+import { CollaborationAssessmentEntity } from './entities/collaboration-assessment.entity';
+import { CollaborationMentorCommentEntity } from './entities/collaboration-mentor-comment.entity';
+import { InMemoryAICollaborationRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-ai-collaboration.repository';
+import { TypeOrmAICollaborationRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-ai-collaboration.repository';
+import { SystemCollaborationClock } from './system-collaboration-clock';
+
+/** AI 协同能力培养持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const AI_COLLABORATION_ENTITIES = [
+  CollaborationAssessmentEntity,
+  CollaborationMentorCommentEntity,
+];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 12 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ * 训练任务目录为内置静态配置，两种实现均从常量提供（不落库）。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmAICollaborationRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryAICollaborationRepository,
+      {
+        provide: AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryAICollaborationRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养模块（需求 12，对应 design.md 组件 8「AI 协同能力培养模块」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现任务 12：
+ * - `listTrainingTasks()`：提供四个协同能力维度各 ≥1 个、以真实任务为载体的协同训练
+ *   任务（需求 12.1）。
+ * - `evaluateTask()`：30 秒内对四个维度以 0-100 评估（需求 12.2）；直接采用未核验
+ *   AI 输出时提示并要求核验、计入批判性验证（需求 12.3）；结果 5 秒内映射能力图谱
+ *   计入画像与胜任力对照（需求 12.4）；生成失败或超时时中止、保留任务记录、提示
+ *   （需求 12.6）；维度数据不足时标记「数据不足」并保留其余（需求 12.7）。
+ * - `addMentorComment()`：允许导师点评协同过程质量并对学生可见（需求 12.5）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `AIGatewayModule`：经统一 AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY` 令牌）生成评估正文
+ *   （design.md：所有大模型调用统一经 AI 网关）。
+ * - `AITrustModule`：经 `AITrustService.wrap()` 为评估结果统一附加可信度标注与来源
+ *   溯源（需求 16）。
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`：经 `CompetencyMappingService` 将四维结果按能力标签映射
+ *   到能力图谱（需求 12.4），经 `CompetencyTagService` 校验能力标签为已定义标签。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现（内置训练任务目录覆盖
+ * 四个维度，需求 12.1），无需数据库即可运行。
+ *
+ * 协同评估计时时钟 `COLLABORATION_CLOCK`：默认绑定系统时钟
+ * （`SystemCollaborationClock`），用于评估/点评时间戳；测试可注入可控时钟替代。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    AITrustModule,
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(AI_COLLABORATION_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    SystemCollaborationClock,
+    {
+      provide: COLLABORATION_CLOCK,
+      useExisting: SystemCollaborationClock,
+    },
+    AICollaborationService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [AICollaborationController],
+  exports: [
+    AICollaborationService,
+    AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY,
+    COLLABORATION_CLOCK,
+  ],
+})
+export class AICollaborationModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eed4ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { AICollaborationService } from './ai-collaboration.service';
+import {
+  ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  CODE_ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_FAILED,
+  CODE_ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT,
+  CODE_TASK_NOT_FOUND,
+  COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS,
+  CollaborationClock,
+  CollaborationDimension,
+  DIMENSION_TAGS,
+  SOURCE_VERIFICATION_PROMPT,
+  TaskSubmission,
+} from './ai-collaboration.types';
+import { AssessmentError } from './assessment-error';
+import { InMemoryAICollaborationRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-ai-collaboration.repository';
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养服务单元测试（任务 12，需求 12.1-12.7）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 训练任务（需求 12.1）：四个协同能力维度各 ≥1 个任务；按维度筛选。
+ * - 评估（需求 12.2）：30 秒预算内对四个维度以 0-100 评分。
+ * - 未核验 AI 输出（需求 12.3）：提示并要求来源核验，计入批判性验证维度。
+ * - 能力图谱映射（需求 12.4）：结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（来源为 AI 协同能力培养）。
+ * - 导师点评（需求 12.5）：导师点评对学生可见。
+ * - 错误路径（需求 12.6）：评估失败/超时时中止、保留训练任务记录不变、提示失败。
+ * - 数据不足（需求 12.7）：某维度数据不足时标记「数据不足」并保留其余维度结果。
+ */
+
+/** 可控时钟：测试精确驱动评估/点评时间戳。 */
+class FakeClock implements CollaborationClock {
+  private current: Date;
+  constructor(start: Date) {
+    this.current = new Date(start);
+  }
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.current);
+  }
+  advance(ms: number): void {
+    this.current = new Date(this.current.getTime() + ms);
+  }
+}
+
+interface Harness {
+  service: AICollaborationService;
+  gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  repository: InMemoryAICollaborationRepository;
+  mapping: CompetencyMappingService;
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  clock: FakeClock;
+}
+
+const studentId = 'stu-001';
+const mentorId = 'mentor-001';
+
+async function makeHarness(
+  start = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+): Promise<Harness> {
+  const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  gateway.setBehavior('success');
+
+  const repository = new InMemoryAICollaborationRepository();
+
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+  const aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+  const clock = new FakeClock(start);
+
+  const service = new AICollaborationService(
+    gateway,
+    repository,
+    clock,
+    aiTrust,
+    mapping,
+    tagService,
+  );
+
+  return { service, gateway, repository, mapping, graphRepo, clock };
+}
+
+/** 构造一份覆盖四个维度证据的"充分"提交。 */
+function fullSubmission(over: Partial<TaskSubmission> = {}): TaskSubmission {
+  return {
+    content: '已完成协同训练任务并记录全过程。',
+    dimensionEvidence: {
+      [CollaborationDimension.Questioning]:
+        '我向 AI 提出了结构化的临床问题，明确了患者年龄、伴随症状与排除项。',
+      [CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification]:
+        '我对照临床指南逐条核验了 AI 的用药建议并标注了证据等级。',
+      [CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary]:
+        '我明确了知情同意签署必须由医师本人负责，不可委托给 AI。',
+      [CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow]:
+        '我设计了分工-迭代-复核的人机协同工作流并执行了质量把关。',
+    },
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
+
+/** 完成一次成功评估并返回评估 id。 */
+async function evaluateOk(
+  h: Harness,
+  taskId = 'task.questioning.differential',
+  submission: TaskSubmission = fullSubmission(),
+): Promise<string> {
+  const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(studentId, taskId, submission);
+  expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+  return isOk(result) ? result.value.id : '';
+}
+
+describe('AICollaborationService AI 协同能力培养（需求 12）', () => {
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 训练任务（需求 12.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('协同训练任务（需求 12.1）', () => {
+    it('为四个协同能力维度各提供至少一个训练任务（需求 12.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const tasks = await h.service.listTrainingTasks();
+
+      for (const dimension of COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS) {
+        const forDim = tasks.filter((t) => t.dimension === dimension);
+        expect(forDim.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        // 每个任务绑定该维度对应的能力标签（需求 12.4）。
+        for (const task of forDim) {
+          expect(task.competencyTagId).toBe(DIMENSION_TAGS[dimension]);
+          expect(task.description.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('按维度筛选训练任务（需求 12.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const tasks = await h.service.listTrainingTasks(
+        CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification,
+      );
+
+      expect(tasks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      expect(
+        tasks.every(
+          (t) => t.dimension === CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification,
+        ),
+      ).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('内置训练任务的能力标签均为能力图谱已定义标签（呼应需求 14.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(h.graphRepo);
+
+      const tasks = await h.service.listTrainingTasks();
+
+      for (const task of tasks) {
+        expect(await tagService.isDefinedTag(task.competencyTagId)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 四维评估（需求 12.2）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('四维评估（需求 12.2）', () => {
+    it('对四个维度以 0-100 分值进行评估（需求 12.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const assessment = result.value;
+        // 恰含四个维度（需求 12.2）。
+        expect(assessment.dimensions.length).toBe(
+          COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS.length,
+        );
+        const dims = new Set(assessment.dimensions.map((d) => d.dimension));
+        for (const dim of COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS) {
+          expect(dims.has(dim)).toBe(true);
+        }
+        // 每个维度评分在 0-100（需求 12.2）。
+        for (const d of assessment.dimensions) {
+          expect(typeof d.score).toBe('number');
+          if (typeof d.score === 'number') {
+            expect(d.score).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+            expect(d.score).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+          }
+        }
+        expect(typeof assessment.overallScore).toBe('number');
+        // 评估附可信度标注（需求 16）。
+        expect(assessment.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(assessment.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(assessment.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        expect(assessment.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(assessment.requiresSourceVerification).toBe(false);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 30 秒内完成评估（需求 12.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(
+        ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('评估结果持久化到仓库（需求 12.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const id = await evaluateOk(h);
+
+      const stored = await h.repository.findAssessment(id);
+      expect(stored?.id).toBe(id);
+      expect(await h.repository.countAssessments()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('对不存在的训练任务拒绝评估、不创建评估记录（前置条件）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'no-such-task',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_TASK_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countAssessments()).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 未核验 AI 输出（需求 12.3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('直接采用未核验 AI 输出（需求 12.3）', () => {
+    it('提示并要求来源核验，且计入批判性验证维度（需求 12.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      // 对照组：未采用未核验输出（但提供批判性验证证据）。
+      const baseline = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.critical-verification.guideline',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+      // 实验组：直接采用未核验 AI 输出。
+      const flagged = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.critical-verification.guideline',
+        fullSubmission({ adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput: true }),
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(baseline)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isOk(flagged)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(baseline) && isOk(flagged)) {
+        // 返回提示并要求来源核验（需求 12.3）。
+        expect(flagged.value.requiresSourceVerification).toBe(true);
+        expect(flagged.value.verificationPrompt).toBe(SOURCE_VERIFICATION_PROMPT);
+
+        const findCv = (dims: typeof flagged.value.dimensions) =>
+          dims.find(
+            (d) => d.dimension === CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification,
+          );
+        const baseCv = findCv(baseline.value.dimensions);
+        const flaggedCv = findCv(flagged.value.dimensions);
+        expect(typeof baseCv?.score).toBe('number');
+        expect(typeof flaggedCv?.score).toBe('number');
+        // 计入批判性验证维度：拉低该维度评分（需求 12.3）。
+        if (
+          typeof baseCv?.score === 'number' &&
+          typeof flaggedCv?.score === 'number'
+        ) {
+          expect(flaggedCv.score).toBeLessThan(baseCv.score);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('即使未提供批判性验证证据，采用未核验输出本身也使该维度可评估（需求 12.3、12.7）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      // 不提供任何维度证据，但标记采用了未核验 AI 输出。
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.critical-verification.guideline',
+        { adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput: true },
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const cv = result.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification,
+        );
+        // 批判性验证维度因存在可观察行为数据而非"数据不足"（需求 12.3）。
+        expect(typeof cv?.score).toBe('number');
+        expect(result.value.requiresSourceVerification).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 能力图谱映射（需求 12.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('能力图谱映射（需求 12.4）', () => {
+    it('评估结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（来源为 AI 协同能力培养，需求 12.4）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        // 评估记录了映射记录标识（需求 12.4）。
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        // 能力图谱中确有该学生的映射记录，来源为 AI 协同能力培养。
+        const mappings = await h.mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(
+          mappings.every((m) => m.source === ModuleSource.AICollaboration),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        // 映射的标签均属 AI 协同素养维度的已定义标签。
+        const aiTagIds = Object.values(DIMENSION_TAGS);
+        for (const m of mappings) {
+          for (const tagId of m.tagIds) {
+            expect(aiTagIds).toContain(tagId);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 导师点评（需求 12.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('导师点评（需求 12.5）', () => {
+    it('导师可点评协同过程质量，点评对学生可见（需求 12.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const assessmentId = await evaluateOk(h);
+
+      const result = await h.service.addMentorComment(
+        assessmentId,
+        mentorId,
+        '提问结构清晰，但对 AI 输出的核验仍可更系统。',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.visibleToStudent).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.value.mentorId).toBe(mentorId);
+        expect(result.value.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+      }
+
+      // 学生可见点评（需求 12.5）。
+      const visible = await h.service.listVisibleComments(studentId);
+      expect(visible.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(visible[0].comment).toContain('提问结构清晰');
+    });
+
+    it('对不存在的评估结果拒绝点评、不创建点评记录（需求 12.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.addMentorComment(
+        'no-such-assessment',
+        mentorId,
+        '点评内容',
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          AssessmentError.CODE_ASSESSMENT_NOT_FOUND,
+        );
+      }
+      const visible = await h.service.listVisibleComments(studentId);
+      expect(visible.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 评估错误路径（需求 12.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('评估生成失败/超时（需求 12.6）', () => {
+    it('评估生成失败时中止、保留训练任务记录不变、提示失败（需求 12.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const tasksBefore = await h.service.listTrainingTasks();
+
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_FAILED);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：不创建评估记录、训练任务记录不变（需求 12.6）。
+      expect(await h.repository.countAssessments()).toBe(0);
+      const tasksAfter = await h.service.listTrainingTasks();
+      expect(JSON.stringify(tasksAfter)).toBe(JSON.stringify(tasksBefore));
+    });
+
+    it('评估生成超出 30 秒时限时中止、保留训练任务记录不变、提示失败（需求 12.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const tasksBefore = await h.service.listTrainingTasks();
+
+      // 注入极短预算定向触发超时竞速分支：从原型取真实实现，spy 覆盖后以极短预算调用。
+      const tinyBudget = 1;
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(h.service) as {
+        generateAssessmentWithBudget: (
+          task: unknown,
+          submission: unknown,
+          budgetMs: number,
+        ) => unknown;
+      };
+      const originalFn = proto.generateAssessmentWithBudget;
+      const spy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'generateAssessmentWithBudget')
+        .mockImplementation(function (
+          this: unknown,
+          task: unknown,
+          submission: unknown,
+        ) {
+          return originalFn.call(this, task, submission, tinyBudget);
+        });
+      // 让网关在抛错前延迟，超过极短预算，确保命中超时分支而非失败分支。
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('timeout', 50);
+
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT);
+        expect(result.error.details?.limitMs).toBe(tinyBudget);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：不创建评估记录、训练任务记录不变（需求 12.6）。
+      expect(await h.repository.countAssessments()).toBe(0);
+      const tasksAfter = await h.service.listTrainingTasks();
+      expect(JSON.stringify(tasksAfter)).toBe(JSON.stringify(tasksBefore));
+
+      spy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('评估失败后网关恢复可再次成功评估（任务记录被保留可续）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+      const failed = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+      expect(isErr(failed)).toBe(true);
+
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('success');
+      const ok2 = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        fullSubmission(),
+      );
+      expect(isOk(ok2)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await h.repository.countAssessments()).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 维度数据不足（需求 12.7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('维度数据不足（需求 12.7）', () => {
+    it('某维度缺少数据时标记"数据不足"并保留其余维度结果（需求 12.7）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      // 仅提供提问能力维度证据，其余维度无证据。
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        {
+          content: '仅完成了提问部分。',
+          dimensionEvidence: {
+            [CollaborationDimension.Questioning]:
+              '我向 AI 提出了结构化的临床问题，明确情境与约束。',
+          },
+        },
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const byDim = new Map(
+          result.value.dimensions.map((d) => [d.dimension, d]),
+        );
+        // 提问能力维度有数值评分（需求 12.2）。
+        expect(typeof byDim.get(CollaborationDimension.Questioning)?.score).toBe(
+          'number',
+        );
+        // 其余三个维度标记"数据不足"（需求 12.7），且其余维度结果被保留。
+        for (const dim of [
+          CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification,
+          CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary,
+          CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow,
+        ]) {
+          expect(byDim.get(dim)?.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+        }
+        // 四个维度均出现在结果中（保留其余维度，需求 12.7）。
+        expect(result.value.dimensions.length).toBe(
+          COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS.length,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('全部维度数据不足时综合评分为"数据不足"且不创建能力图谱映射（需求 12.7）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.evaluateTask(
+        studentId,
+        'task.questioning.differential',
+        { content: '未提供任何维度证据。' },
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const d of result.value.dimensions) {
+          expect(d.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+        }
+        expect(result.value.overallScore).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+        // 无可计入能力分值 → 不创建映射记录（需求 12.4、12.7）。
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBe(0);
+        const mappings = await h.mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings.length).toBe(0);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.service.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21e41dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+  SourceRef,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AIOutputKind, AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import {
+  AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY,
+  ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  ASSESSMENT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  AICollaborationRepository,
+  COLLABORATION_CLOCK,
+  COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS,
+  CollaborationAssessment,
+  CollaborationClock,
+  CollaborationDimension,
+  CollaborationDimensionScore,
+  DIMENSION_NAMES,
+  DIMENSION_TAGS,
+  InsufficientData,
+  MentorComment,
+  SOURCE_VERIFICATION_PROMPT,
+  TaskSubmission,
+  TrainingTask,
+  UNVERIFIED_ADOPTION_PENALTY,
+  hasDimensionData,
+} from './ai-collaboration.types';
+import { AssessmentError } from './assessment-error';
+
+/** 内部信号：区分评估生成预算超时与一般生成失败（与 ai-evaluation / clinical-dialogue 一致）。 */
+class AssessmentTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养服务（需求 12，对应 design.md 组件 8「AI 协同能力培养模块」）。
+ *
+ * 职责（对齐 design.md 接口）：
+ * - `listTrainingTasks(dimension?)`：提供以真实任务为载体的协同训练任务，四个协同
+ *   能力维度（提问能力、批判性验证、责任边界意识、协同工作流）各 ≥1 个（需求 12.1）。
+ * - `evaluateTask(studentId, taskId, submission)`：30 秒内对学生在四个维度以 0-100
+ *   分值进行评估（需求 12.2）；学生直接采用未核验 AI 输出时返回提示并要求来源核验、
+ *   将该行为计入批判性验证维度（需求 12.3）；评估结果 5 秒内按能力标签映射能力图谱，
+ *   计入学生画像与岗位胜任力对照（需求 12.4）；生成失败或超时时中止、保留训练任务
+ *   记录不变、返回失败提示（需求 12.6）；某维度数据不足时标记「数据不足」并保留其余
+ *   维度结果（需求 12.7）。
+ * - `addMentorComment(assessmentId, mentorId, comment)`：允许导师对该学生的协同过程
+ *   质量进行点评，并将点评对该学生可见（需求 12.5）。
+ *
+ * 复用底座：
+ * - AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY`）：经统一网关生成评估正文（design.md：所有大模型调用统一
+ *   经 AI 网关）。
+ * - AI 可信层（`AITrustService.wrap`）：为评估结果统一附加可信度标注与来源溯源
+ *   （需求 16）。
+ * - 能力图谱（`CompetencyMappingService.mapData`）：将四维结果按能力标签映射到能力
+ *   图谱（需求 12.4，来源标记为 `ModuleSource.AICollaboration`），经
+ *   `CompetencyTagService` 校验标签为已定义标签（呼应需求 14.3）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径数据保全（需求 12.6）：评估生成失败/超时时仅返回错误、不调用
+ * `saveAssessment`，训练任务记录保持不变。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class AICollaborationService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly aiGateway: AIGateway,
+    @Inject(AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: AICollaborationRepository,
+    @Inject(COLLABORATION_CLOCK)
+    private readonly clock: CollaborationClock,
+    private readonly aiTrust: AITrustService,
+    private readonly competencyMapping: CompetencyMappingService,
+    private readonly competencyTags: CompetencyTagService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 列出协同训练任务（需求 12.1）。
+   *
+   * 不传维度时返回全部内置训练任务（覆盖四个维度各 ≥1 个）；传入维度时仅返回该维度
+   * 的训练任务。任务以真实任务为载体（需求 12.1）。
+   *
+   * @param dimension 可选的协同能力维度筛选。
+   */
+  async listTrainingTasks(
+    dimension?: CollaborationDimension,
+  ): Promise<TrainingTask[]> {
+    if (dimension) {
+      return this.repository.listTasksByDimension(dimension);
+    }
+    return this.repository.listTasks();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 完成一个 AI 协同训练任务并评估四个协同能力维度（需求 12.2-12.4、12.6、12.7）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验训练任务存在；不存在时返回 `AssessmentError`（前置条件未满足），不创建
+   *    任何评估记录。
+   * 2. 在 30 秒预算内经 AI 网关生成评估正文（需求 12.2）；生成失败或超时时中止、
+   *    保留训练任务记录不变（不调用 `saveAssessment`）、返回失败提示（需求 12.6）。
+   * 3. 对四个维度以 0-100 评分（需求 12.2）；某维度缺少足以评估的数据时标记
+   *    `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 并保留其余维度（需求 12.7）。
+   * 4. 学生直接采用未核验 AI 输出时（`adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput === true`）：标记需
+   *    来源核验并携带提示文案（需求 12.3），且将该行为计入批判性验证维度（拉低其
+   *    评分，需求 12.3）。
+   * 5. 经 AI 可信层 `wrap()` 统一附加可信度标注（需求 16）。
+   * 6. 在 5 秒预算内按能力标签将结果映射到能力图谱（需求 12.4，来源标记为
+   *    `ModuleSource.AICollaboration`）。
+   * 7. 持久化评估结果并返回。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 完成训练任务的学生标识。
+   * @param taskId 训练任务标识。
+   * @param submission 学生提交（含各维度证据与未核验 AI 输出标记）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回四维评估结果；任务不存在返回校验类 `AssessmentError`；评估
+   *   生成失败或超时返回生成类 `AssessmentError`（需求 12.6）。
+   */
+  async evaluateTask(
+    studentId: string,
+    taskId: string,
+    submission: TaskSubmission,
+  ): Promise<Result<CollaborationAssessment, AssessmentError>> {
+    // 1. 训练任务存在性校验（前置条件）。
+    const task = await this.repository.findTask(taskId);
+    if (!task) {
+      return err(AssessmentError.taskNotFound(taskId));
+    }
+
+    const safeSubmission: TaskSubmission = submission ?? {};
+
+    // 2. 在 30 秒预算内生成评估正文（需求 12.2）；失败/超时中止并保留任务记录（需求 12.6）。
+    const generation = await this.generateAssessmentWithBudget(
+      task,
+      safeSubmission,
+      ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (isErr(generation)) {
+      // 需求 12.6：中止本次评估、保留训练任务记录不变（不创建评估记录）、返回失败提示。
+      return generation;
+    }
+
+    // 3-4. 四维评分（需求 12.2、12.7）并计入未核验采用行为（需求 12.3）。
+    const adoptedUnverified =
+      safeSubmission.adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput === true;
+    const dimensions = await this.scoreDimensions(safeSubmission);
+    const overallScore = this.computeOverallScore(dimensions);
+
+    // 5. 经 AI 可信层封装可信度标注（需求 16）。
+    const basisSources = this.buildTaskSources(task);
+    const combinedSources = this.mergeSources(
+      basisSources,
+      generation.value.annotation.sources,
+    );
+    const wrapped = this.aiTrust.wrap({
+      content: generation.value.content,
+      sources: combinedSources,
+      confidence: generation.value.annotation.confidence,
+      kind: AIOutputKind.Evaluation,
+    });
+
+    const assessmentId = randomUUID();
+
+    // 6. 将四维结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（5 秒预算内，需求 12.4）。
+    const competencyMappingIds = await this.mapAssessmentToGraph(
+      studentId,
+      assessmentId,
+      dimensions,
+      overallScore,
+    );
+
+    const now = this.clock.now();
+    const assessment: CollaborationAssessment = {
+      id: assessmentId,
+      studentId,
+      taskId: task.id,
+      dimensions,
+      overallScore,
+      requiresSourceVerification: adoptedUnverified,
+      ...(adoptedUnverified
+        ? { verificationPrompt: SOURCE_VERIFICATION_PROMPT }
+        : {}),
+      annotation: wrapped.annotation,
+      trustOutputId: wrapped.id,
+      competencyMappingIds,
+      generatedAt: now,
+    };
+
+    // 7. 持久化评估结果。
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveAssessment(assessment);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 导师对学生协同过程质量进行点评（需求 12.5）。
+   *
+   * 点评关联到具体评估结果（`assessmentId`，即「该学生完成的该训练任务」），并对该
+   * 学生可见（`visibleToStudent` 恒为 `true`）。评估结果不存在时返回校验类
+   * `AssessmentError`（无可点评对象），不创建点评记录。
+   *
+   * @param assessmentId 被点评的评估结果标识。
+   * @param mentorId 点评导师标识。
+   * @param comment 点评内容。
+   * @returns 成功时返回对学生可见的点评记录；评估结果不存在时返回 `AssessmentError`。
+   */
+  async addMentorComment(
+    assessmentId: string,
+    mentorId: string,
+    comment: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<MentorComment, AssessmentError>> {
+    const assessment = await this.repository.findAssessment(assessmentId);
+    if (!assessment) {
+      // 无对应评估结果即无可点评对象。
+      return err(AssessmentError.assessmentNotFound(assessmentId));
+    }
+
+    const record: MentorComment = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      assessmentId: assessment.id,
+      taskId: assessment.taskId,
+      studentId: assessment.studentId,
+      mentorId,
+      comment,
+      visibleToStudent: true,
+      createdAt: this.clock.now(),
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveComment(record);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出对某学生可见的全部导师点评（需求 12.5）。
+   *
+   * 供学生端查看导师对其协同过程质量的点评（点评对学生可见，需求 12.5）。
+   */
+  async listVisibleComments(studentId: string): Promise<MentorComment[]> {
+    return this.repository.listVisibleCommentsForStudent(studentId);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 四维评分（需求 12.2、12.3、12.7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 对四个协同能力维度评分（需求 12.2、12.7）并计入未核验采用行为（需求 12.3）。
+   *
+   * 对每个维度：
+   * - 缺少足以评估的数据时标记 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`（需求 12.7），并保留其余维度结果。
+   * - 否则由该维度证据以确定性公式给出 0-100 评分（需求 12.2）。
+   * - 批判性验证维度：当学生直接采用未核验 AI 输出时（需求 12.3），从其评分中扣减
+   *   惩罚分（恒钳制到 [0, 100]），将该行为计入该维度评估。
+   *
+   * 每个维度解析其默认能力标签（需求 12.4），仅当该标签为能力图谱已定义标签时随评分
+   * 携带，避免引用未定义标签（呼应需求 14.3）。
+   */
+  private async scoreDimensions(
+    submission: TaskSubmission,
+  ): Promise<CollaborationDimensionScore[]> {
+    const adoptedUnverified = submission.adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput === true;
+    const dimensions: CollaborationDimensionScore[] = [];
+
+    for (const dimension of COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS) {
+      const candidateTagId = DIMENSION_TAGS[dimension];
+      const isDefined = candidateTagId
+        ? await this.competencyTags.isDefinedTag(candidateTagId)
+        : false;
+
+      let score: number | InsufficientData;
+      let comment: string;
+
+      if (!hasDimensionData(submission, dimension)) {
+        // 需求 12.7：该维度数据不足，标记并保留其余维度。
+        score = INSUFFICIENT_DATA;
+        comment = `「${DIMENSION_NAMES[dimension]}」缺少足以评估的数据，已标记为数据不足。`;
+      } else {
+        let base = this.baseScoreFromEvidence(
+          submission.dimensionEvidence?.[dimension] ?? '',
+        );
+        if (
+          dimension === CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification &&
+          adoptedUnverified
+        ) {
+          // 需求 12.3：直接采用未核验 AI 输出，计入批判性验证维度（拉低评分）。
+          base -= UNVERIFIED_ADOPTION_PENALTY;
+        }
+        score = this.clampScore(base);
+        comment = this.buildDimensionComment(dimension, score, adoptedUnverified);
+      }
+
+      dimensions.push({
+        dimension,
+        dimensionName: DIMENSION_NAMES[dimension],
+        score,
+        competencyTagId: isDefined ? candidateTagId : undefined,
+        comment,
+      });
+    }
+
+    return dimensions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由维度证据确定性计算基础评分，落在 [0, 100]（需求 12.2）。
+   *
+   * 证据越充分（文本越长，体现越完整的协同过程）评分越高，并以上限钳制。空证据
+   * 给出中性基线分（仅在该维度仍被判定为「有数据」时使用，如批判性验证因存在未核验
+   * 采用行为而有数据但未附文本证据）。
+   */
+  private baseScoreFromEvidence(evidence: string): number {
+    const length = (evidence ?? '').trim().length;
+    // 中性基线 50，随证据长度线性增长，最高加 50。
+    return this.clampScore(50 + Math.min(50, length));
+  }
+
+  /** 计算综合评分：数值维度的均值；四维全为「数据不足」时为 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`。 */
+  private computeOverallScore(
+    dimensions: CollaborationDimensionScore[],
+  ): number | InsufficientData {
+    const numeric = dimensions
+      .map((d) => d.score)
+      .filter((s): s is number => typeof s === 'number');
+    if (numeric.length === 0) {
+      return INSUFFICIENT_DATA;
+    }
+    const mean = numeric.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s, 0) / numeric.length;
+    return this.round2(mean);
+  }
+
+  /** 构造单个维度的简要评语。 */
+  private buildDimensionComment(
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension,
+    score: number,
+    adoptedUnverified: boolean,
+  ): string {
+    const name = DIMENSION_NAMES[dimension];
+    if (
+      dimension === CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification &&
+      adoptedUnverified
+    ) {
+      return `「${name}」评分 ${score}：检测到直接采用未核验 AI 输出，已计入本维度评估并相应扣减。`;
+    }
+    return `「${name}」评分 ${score}。`;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 能力图谱映射（需求 12.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 将四维结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 12.4）。
+   *
+   * 收集四个维度携带的、且为能力图谱已定义的能力标签（仅取有数值评分的维度，去重、
+   * 截断至映射上限 `MAX_MAPPING_TAGS`，呼应需求 14.2），以综合评分作为分值贡献，调用
+   * `CompetencyMappingService.mapData()` 写入映射记录（来源标记为 AI 协同能力培养），
+   * 使其计入学生画像与岗位胜任力对照（需求 12.4）。整个映射在 5 秒预算内完成
+   * （需求 12.4）；无任何已定义标签或综合评分为「数据不足」时不创建映射记录。
+   *
+   * @returns 创建的映射记录标识集合。
+   */
+  private async mapAssessmentToGraph(
+    studentId: string,
+    assessmentId: string,
+    dimensions: CollaborationDimensionScore[],
+    overallScore: number | InsufficientData,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    if (typeof overallScore !== 'number') {
+      // 四维全为数据不足：无可计入的能力分值，不创建映射记录（需求 12.7）。
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    const definedTagIds = [
+      ...new Set(
+        dimensions
+          .filter((d) => typeof d.score === 'number')
+          .map((d) => d.competencyTagId)
+          .filter((id): id is string => Boolean(id)),
+      ),
+    ].slice(0, MAX_MAPPING_TAGS);
+
+    if (definedTagIds.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    const mapped = await this.withBudget(
+      this.competencyMapping.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.AICollaboration,
+        {
+          studentId,
+          referenceId: assessmentId,
+          score: overallScore,
+          metadata: { kind: 'ai_collaboration_assessment' },
+        },
+        definedTagIds,
+      ),
+      ASSESSMENT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+
+    if (mapped && mapped.ok) {
+      return [mapped.value.id];
+    }
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 评估生成预算（需求 12.2、12.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内经 AI 网关生成评估正文（需求 12.2 的 30 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用与 ai-evaluation / clinical-dialogue 一致的超时竞速预算：
+   * - 网关抛错（生成失败）映射为 `AssessmentError.generationFailed`（需求 12.6）。
+   * - 超过预算未返回由超时竞速终止并映射为 `AssessmentError.timedOut`（需求 12.6）。
+   *
+   * 两个失败分支均不创建评估记录、不修改训练任务数据（数据保全，需求 12.6）。
+   */
+  private async generateAssessmentWithBudget(
+    task: TrainingTask,
+    submission: TaskSubmission,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<Result<AIGenerationResult, AssessmentError>> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new AssessmentTimeoutSignal()), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const result = await Promise.race([
+        this.aiGateway.generate(this.buildAssessmentPrompt(task, submission)),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(result);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof AssessmentTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(AssessmentError.timedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(AssessmentError.generationFailed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 工具方法
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内等待一个 Promise 完成（需求 12.4 的 5 秒映射上限保护）。
+   *
+   * 采用超时竞速：超过预算未完成则返回 undefined（降级为不写入映射，不阻塞评估生成）。
+   * 映射本身为内存/单库级别操作，正常恒在预算内完成。
+   */
+  private async withBudget<T>(
+    promise: Promise<T>,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<T | undefined> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), budgetMs);
+      });
+      return await Promise.race([promise, timeout]);
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 由训练任务构造依据来源（需求 16.2），使评估标注可溯源到训练任务。 */
+  private buildTaskSources(task: TrainingTask): SourceRef[] {
+    return [
+      {
+        id: `training-task:${task.id}`,
+        title: `协同训练任务「${task.title}」`,
+        citation: task.id,
+      },
+    ];
+  }
+
+  /** 合并两组来源，按来源 id 去重（保留首次出现顺序）。 */
+  private mergeSources(
+    primary: SourceRef[],
+    secondary: SourceRef[],
+  ): SourceRef[] {
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    const merged: SourceRef[] = [];
+    for (const source of [...primary, ...(secondary ?? [])]) {
+      if (seen.has(source.id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      seen.add(source.id);
+      merged.push({ ...source });
+    }
+    return merged;
+  }
+
+  /** 将分值钳制到 [0, 100]。 */
+  private clampScore(value: number): number {
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (value < 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (value > 100) {
+      return 100;
+    }
+    return Math.round(value);
+  }
+
+  /** 四舍五入到两位小数（分值口径统一）。 */
+  private round2(value: number): number {
+    return Math.round(value * 100) / 100;
+  }
+
+  /** 构造评估正文的 AI 网关生成请求，绑定训练任务以便溯源（需求 12.2）。 */
+  private buildAssessmentPrompt(
+    task: TrainingTask,
+    submission: TaskSubmission,
+  ): AIGenerationRequest {
+    return {
+      prompt:
+        `请基于学生在协同训练任务「${task.title}」（主要训练维度：` +
+        `${DIMENSION_NAMES[task.dimension]}）中的提交，从提问能力、批判性验证、` +
+        `责任边界意识与协同工作流四个维度评估其与 AI 负责任协作的能力。` +
+        `提交说明：${submission.content ?? '（无）'}`,
+      sources: this.buildTaskSources(task).map((s) => ({
+        id: s.id,
+        title: s.title,
+        citation: s.citation,
+      })),
+      timeoutMs: ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.types.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17af1ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/ai-collaboration.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养模块（AI_Collaboration_Module）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 12，对应 design.md 组件 8「AI 协同能力培养模块」。本文件聚焦
+ * "模型 + 抽象"：
+ * - `CollaborationDimension`：四个协同能力维度（提问能力、批判性验证、责任边界意识、
+ *   协同工作流，需求 12.2）。
+ * - `TrainingTask`：以真实任务为载体的协同训练任务（需求 12.1）。
+ * - `TaskSubmission`：学生完成训练任务的提交（含未核验 AI 输出标记，需求 12.3）。
+ * - `CollaborationAssessment` / `CollaborationDimensionScore`：四维评估结果
+ *   （0-100 或"数据不足"，需求 12.2、12.7）。
+ * - `MentorComment`：导师对协同过程质量的点评（对学生可见，需求 12.5）。
+ * - `AICollaborationRepository`：训练任务、评估、点评的持久化抽象（接口 + DI 令牌）。
+ * - `CollaborationClock`：计时时钟抽象，使时间戳在测试中可控。
+ *
+ * 本模块依赖能力图谱（`@modules/competency-graph`）作为底座：四维评估结果按能力标签
+ * 映射到能力图谱（需求 12.4），使其计入学生画像与岗位胜任力对照。AI 评估正文经统一
+ * AI 网关（`@infra/ai-gateway`）生成，并经 AI 可信层（`@modules/ai-trust`）附加可信度
+ * 标注。
+ */
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { INSUFFICIENT_DATA, InsufficientData } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+/**
+ * 协同能力维度（需求 12.2）。
+ *
+ * 协同能力评估涵盖以下四个维度，与能力图谱「AI 协同素养」维度
+ * （`dim.ai-collaboration`）下的能力标签一一对应（见 `DIMENSION_TAGS`）。
+ */
+export enum CollaborationDimension {
+  /** 提问能力。 */
+  Questioning = 'questioning',
+  /** 批判性验证。 */
+  CriticalVerification = 'critical_verification',
+  /** 责任边界意识。 */
+  ResponsibilityBoundary = 'responsibility_boundary',
+  /** 协同工作流。 */
+  CollaborationWorkflow = 'collaboration_workflow',
+}
+
+/** 全部四个协同能力维度（供遍历，需求 12.1、12.2）。 */
+export const COLLABORATION_DIMENSIONS: readonly CollaborationDimension[] =
+  Object.values(CollaborationDimension) as CollaborationDimension[];
+
+/** 四个协同能力维度的中文名称（用于任务/评估呈现）。 */
+export const DIMENSION_NAMES: Readonly<Record<CollaborationDimension, string>> =
+  {
+    [CollaborationDimension.Questioning]: '提问能力',
+    [CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification]: '批判性验证',
+    [CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary]: '责任边界意识',
+    [CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow]: '协同工作流',
+  };
+
+/**
+ * 四个协同能力维度到能力图谱能力标签的映射（需求 12.4）。
+ *
+ * 下列标签均为能力图谱默认统一标签体系（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS`）中、归属
+ * 「AI 协同素养」维度（`dim.ai-collaboration`）的已定义标签：
+ * - 提问能力 → `tag.ai.questioning`。
+ * - 批判性验证 → `tag.ai.critical-verification`。
+ * - 责任边界意识 → `tag.ai.responsibility-boundary`。
+ * - 协同工作流 → `tag.ai.workflow`。
+ *
+ * 映射前仍会经 `CompetencyTagService.isDefinedTag` 校验，未定义标签将被剔除
+ * （呼应需求 14.3）。
+ */
+export const DIMENSION_TAGS: Readonly<Record<CollaborationDimension, string>> = {
+  [CollaborationDimension.Questioning]: 'tag.ai.questioning',
+  [CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification]: 'tag.ai.critical-verification',
+  [CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary]:
+    'tag.ai.responsibility-boundary',
+  [CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow]: 'tag.ai.workflow',
+};
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同训练任务（需求 12.1）。
+ *
+ * 以真实任务为载体（如「就某临床问题向 AI 提问并核验其回答」），每个任务以一个
+ * 协同能力维度为主要训练目标（`dimension`），并绑定该维度对应的能力标签
+ * （`competencyTagId`）。系统内置目录须覆盖四个维度各 ≥1 个任务（需求 12.1）。
+ */
+export interface TrainingTask {
+  /** 任务唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 任务标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 任务描述（真实任务载体，需求 12.1）。 */
+  description: string;
+  /** 任务主要训练的协同能力维度（需求 12.1）。 */
+  dimension: CollaborationDimension;
+  /** 该维度对应的能力标签标识（需求 12.4）。 */
+  competencyTagId: string;
+  /** 任务要求说明（指导学生如何完成）。 */
+  instructions: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单个协同能力维度的可观察证据（需求 12.2、12.7）。
+ *
+ * 学生在提交中针对某维度提供的过程性证据文本（如向 AI 提出的问题、对 AI 输出的
+ * 核验记录、对责任边界的说明、协同工作流的步骤记录）。某维度缺少证据时视为
+ * 「数据不足」（需求 12.7）。
+ */
+export type DimensionEvidence = string;
+
+/**
+ * 学生完成训练任务的提交（需求 12.2、12.3、12.7）。
+ *
+ * - `dimensionEvidence`：各维度的可观察证据，用于四维评估（需求 12.2）；缺某维度
+ *   证据时该维度标记「数据不足」（需求 12.7）。
+ * - `adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput`：是否直接采用了未经来源核验的 AI 输出（需求 12.3）。
+ *   为 `true` 时，模块提示并要求来源核验，且将该行为计入批判性验证维度评估
+ *   （拉低该维度分值，且该维度因存在可观察行为数据而不被标记「数据不足」）。
+ */
+export interface TaskSubmission {
+  /** 学生提交的总体说明（可选）。 */
+  content?: string;
+  /** 是否直接采用未经来源核验的 AI 输出（需求 12.3）。 */
+  adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput?: boolean;
+  /** 各协同能力维度的可观察证据（需求 12.2、12.7）。 */
+  dimensionEvidence?: Partial<Record<CollaborationDimension, DimensionEvidence>>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单个协同能力维度的评估结果（需求 12.2、12.7）。
+ *
+ * 不变量（呼应 Property 3 分值有界性）：`score` 要么是 0 到 100 之间的数值
+ * （需求 12.2），要么是 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 标记（数据不足，需求 12.7），不存在
+ * 其他取值。
+ */
+export interface CollaborationDimensionScore {
+  /** 协同能力维度。 */
+  dimension: CollaborationDimension;
+  /** 维度中文名称。 */
+  dimensionName: string;
+  /** 该维度评分：0-100（需求 12.2）或 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`（数据不足，需求 12.7）。 */
+  score: number | InsufficientData;
+  /** 该维度映射到的能力标签标识（已定义标签，需求 12.4）。 */
+  competencyTagId?: string;
+  /** 该维度的简要评语。 */
+  comment: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 协同能力评估结果（需求 12.2、12.3、12.4、12.7）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `dimensions` 恰含四个协同能力维度（需求 12.2）。
+ * - 每个维度 `score` 恒为 [0, 100] 或 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`（需求 12.2、12.7）。
+ * - `annotation` 携带可信度标注（经 AI 可信层统一封装，需求 16）。
+ */
+export interface CollaborationAssessment {
+  /** 评估唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 对应训练任务标识。 */
+  taskId: string;
+  /** 四维评估结果（需求 12.2、12.7）。 */
+  dimensions: CollaborationDimensionScore[];
+  /**
+   * 综合评分：四维中数值分值的均值（0-100）；当四维均为「数据不足」时为
+   * `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`。
+   */
+  overallScore: number | InsufficientData;
+  /**
+   * 是否需要学生进行来源核验（需求 12.3）。
+   * 当学生直接采用未经核验的 AI 输出时为 `true`，并随 `verificationPrompt` 提示。
+   */
+  requiresSourceVerification: boolean;
+  /** 要求来源核验的提示文案（仅在 `requiresSourceVerification` 为真时存在，需求 12.3）。 */
+  verificationPrompt?: string;
+  /** 评估整体可信度标注（需求 16）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  /** 结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 12.4）。 */
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  /** 评估生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 导师点评（需求 12.5）。
+ *
+ * 导师对某学生在某训练任务上的协同过程质量的点评，关联到具体评估结果
+ * （`assessmentId`，即「该学生完成的该任务」），并对该学生可见
+ * （`visibleToStudent` 恒为 `true`，需求 12.5）。
+ */
+export interface MentorComment {
+  /** 点评唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 关联的评估结果标识（一个学生完成的一个训练任务，需求 12.5）。 */
+  assessmentId: string;
+  /** 对应训练任务标识。 */
+  taskId: string;
+  /** 被点评学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 点评导师标识。 */
+  mentorId: string;
+  /** 点评内容。 */
+  comment: string;
+  /** 是否对该学生可见（恒为 true，需求 12.5）。 */
+  visibleToStudent: boolean;
+  /** 点评创建时间。 */
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 内置 AI 协同训练任务目录（需求 12.1）。
+ *
+ * 为四个协同能力维度各提供至少一个以真实任务为载体的协同训练任务（需求 12.1）。
+ * 每个任务绑定其主要维度对应的、能力图谱中的已定义能力标签（`DIMENSION_TAGS`）。
+ */
+export const BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS: readonly TrainingTask[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'task.questioning.differential',
+    title: '向 AI 提问以辅助鉴别诊断',
+    description:
+      '面对一例发热待查的真实病例，向 AI 提出结构化的临床问题以辅助构建鉴别诊断列表。',
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension.Questioning,
+    competencyTagId: DIMENSION_TAGS[CollaborationDimension.Questioning],
+    instructions:
+      '请记录你向 AI 提出的问题，体现明确的临床情境、目标与约束（如年龄、伴随症状、排除项）。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'task.critical-verification.guideline',
+    title: '核验 AI 给出的用药建议',
+    description:
+      '就一例高血压合并糖尿病患者的用药方案，让 AI 给出建议，并对照权威临床指南逐条核验。',
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification,
+    competencyTagId:
+      DIMENSION_TAGS[CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification],
+    instructions:
+      '请记录你如何核验 AI 输出的每条建议来源与证据等级，标注采纳/存疑/驳回及其依据。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'task.responsibility-boundary.consent',
+    title: '界定 AI 在知情同意中的责任边界',
+    description:
+      '在为患者准备知情同意材料时，明确哪些环节可由 AI 辅助、哪些必须由医师本人负责。',
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary,
+    competencyTagId:
+      DIMENSION_TAGS[CollaborationDimension.ResponsibilityBoundary],
+    instructions:
+      '请说明你如何划分 AI 辅助与医师责任的边界，并指出不可委托给 AI 的决策点及理由。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'task.workflow.case-summary',
+    title: '在病例总结工作流中协同 AI',
+    description:
+      '将一份门诊病例资料整理为结构化病例总结，设计人机协同的工作流并执行。',
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow,
+    competencyTagId: DIMENSION_TAGS[CollaborationDimension.CollaborationWorkflow],
+    instructions:
+      '请记录你的协同工作流步骤（如分工、迭代、复核节点），体现人在回路与质量把关。',
+  },
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * 评估生成时限（毫秒，需求 12.2：30 秒内评估）。
+ *
+ * 采用与 ai-evaluation / clinical-dialogue 一致的超时竞速预算模式：评估在该预算内
+ * 完成；生成失败或超出该时限时中止本次评估、保留训练任务记录不变，并返回表明评估
+ * 生成失败的提示（需求 12.6）。
+ */
+export const ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * 评估结果能力图谱映射预算（毫秒，需求 12.4：5 秒内映射）。
+ *
+ * 评估结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 12.4）。映射为内存/单库查询级别，恒在该
+ * 预算内完成；采用超时竞速预算模式作为时延上界保护（与需求 14.2 的 5 秒口径一致）。
+ */
+export const ASSESSMENT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+/**
+ * 要求来源核验的提示文案（需求 12.3）。
+ *
+ * 当学生直接采用未经来源核验的 AI 输出时，模块向学生返回该提示，要求其进行来源核验。
+ */
+export const SOURCE_VERIFICATION_PROMPT =
+  '检测到你直接采用了未经来源核验的 AI 输出，请对其来源与证据进行核验后再行采纳。' as const;
+
+/** 批判性验证维度因直接采用未核验 AI 输出而扣减的分值（需求 12.3）。 */
+export const UNVERIFIED_ADOPTION_PENALTY = 45;
+
+/**
+ * 判断提交中某协同能力维度是否具备足以评估的数据（需求 12.2、12.7）。
+ *
+ * 规则：
+ * - 一般维度：当 `dimensionEvidence[dimension]` 为非空文本时视为有数据。
+ * - 批判性验证维度：除上述外，当 `adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput === true` 时也视为有
+ *   数据——「直接采用未核验 AI 输出」本身即是关于批判性验证的可观察行为数据
+ *   （需求 12.3），据此给出（较低的）评分，而非标记「数据不足」。
+ *
+ * 缺少足以评估的数据时返回 false，调用方据此将该维度标记 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`
+ * 并保留其余维度评估结果（需求 12.7）。纯读取，不修改提交数据。
+ */
+export function hasDimensionData(
+  submission: TaskSubmission,
+  dimension: CollaborationDimension,
+): boolean {
+  const evidence = submission.dimensionEvidence?.[dimension];
+  if (typeof evidence === 'string' && evidence.trim() !== '') {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (
+    dimension === CollaborationDimension.CriticalVerification &&
+    submission.adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput === true
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力培养持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与能力图谱、临床情景对话对练等模块一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 负责训练任务（内置目录，需求 12.1）、评估结果（需求 12.2）与导师点评
+ * （需求 12.5）的持久化。
+ */
+export interface AICollaborationRepository {
+  /** 列出全部训练任务（需求 12.1）。 */
+  listTasks(): Promise<TrainingTask[]>;
+  /** 列出指定协同能力维度的训练任务（需求 12.1）。 */
+  listTasksByDimension(
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension,
+  ): Promise<TrainingTask[]>;
+  /** 按 id 查找训练任务，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findTask(id: string): Promise<TrainingTask | null>;
+  /** 持久化一份协同能力评估结果（需求 12.2）。 */
+  saveAssessment(
+    assessment: CollaborationAssessment,
+  ): Promise<CollaborationAssessment>;
+  /** 按 id 查找评估结果，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findAssessment(id: string): Promise<CollaborationAssessment | null>;
+  /** 统计评估结果总数（用于错误路径数据保全断言）。 */
+  countAssessments(): Promise<number>;
+  /** 持久化一条导师点评（需求 12.5）。 */
+  saveComment(comment: MentorComment): Promise<MentorComment>;
+  /** 按评估结果列出导师点评（需求 12.5）。 */
+  listCommentsByAssessment(assessmentId: string): Promise<MentorComment[]>;
+  /** 列出对某学生可见的全部导师点评（需求 12.5）。 */
+  listVisibleCommentsForStudent(studentId: string): Promise<MentorComment[]>;
+}
+
+/** AI 协同能力培养持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY = Symbol('AI_COLLABORATION_REPOSITORY');
+
+/**
+ * 协同评估计时时钟抽象。
+ *
+ * 将「当前时间」与系统时钟解耦，使评估/点评的时间戳在测试中可控，业务代码通过
+ * `COLLABORATION_CLOCK` 令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface CollaborationClock {
+  /** 返回当前时间。 */
+  now(): Date;
+}
+
+/** 协同评估计时时钟的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const COLLABORATION_CLOCK = Symbol('COLLABORATION_CLOCK');
+
+/** 训练任务不存在（无法评估）的错误码（前置条件未满足）。 */
+export const CODE_TASK_NOT_FOUND = 'AI_COLLABORATION.TASK_NOT_FOUND';
+
+/** 评估生成失败的错误码（需求 12.6）。 */
+export const CODE_ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_FAILED =
+  'AI_COLLABORATION.ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_FAILED';
+
+/** 评估生成超出时限的错误码（需求 12.6）。 */
+export const CODE_ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT = 'AI_COLLABORATION.ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT';
+
+/** 重新导出能力图谱「数据不足」标记，便于本模块统一引用（需求 12.7）。 */
+export { INSUFFICIENT_DATA };
+export type { InsufficientData };
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/assessment-error.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/assessment-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96dadc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/assessment-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同能力评估错误（需求 12）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `AICollaborationService.evaluateTask()`（design.md 组件 8）中
+ * `Result<CollaborationAssessment, AssessmentError>` 的错误载体，统一承载协同能力
+ * 评估的各类非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略
+ * （与 `EvaluationError` / `ProfileError` 的设计风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖分支：
+ * - `taskNotFound()`：训练任务不存在，拒绝评估（校验类错误，前置条件未满足）。
+ * - `generationFailed()`：评估生成失败，中止本次评估并提示失败（需求 12.6）。
+ * - `timedOut()`：评估生成超出时限，中止本次评估并提示失败
+ *   （需求 12.6，配合需求 12.2 的 30 秒预算）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（需求 12.6，数据保全）：任一错误分支都不得使触发评估的数据进入
+ * 不一致状态——评估失败/超时时不创建任何评估记录、保留训练任务记录不变，仅返回错误。
+ */
+export class AssessmentError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 训练任务不存在的错误码（前置条件未满足）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TASK_NOT_FOUND = 'AI_COLLABORATION.TASK_NOT_FOUND';
+  /** 评估结果不存在（无可点评对象）的错误码（需求 12.5）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_ASSESSMENT_NOT_FOUND =
+    'AI_COLLABORATION.ASSESSMENT_NOT_FOUND';
+  /** 评估生成失败的错误码（需求 12.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_GENERATION_FAILED =
+    'AI_COLLABORATION.ASSESSMENT_GENERATION_FAILED';
+  /** 评估生成超出时限的错误码（需求 12.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TIMEOUT = 'AI_COLLABORATION.ASSESSMENT_TIMEOUT';
+
+  /**
+   * 训练任务不存在（无法评估）。
+   *
+   * 归类为校验类错误（前置条件未满足，而非生成失败）。不创建任何评估记录。
+   */
+  static taskNotFound(taskId: string): AssessmentError {
+    return new AssessmentError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      AssessmentError.CODE_TASK_NOT_FOUND,
+      `AI 协同训练任务不存在：${taskId}`,
+      { taskId },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 评估结果不存在（无可点评对象，需求 12.5）。
+   *
+   * 导师点评须关联到一份已存在的协同能力评估结果；评估结果不存在时拒绝点评、不创建
+   * 点评记录。归类为校验类错误（前置条件未满足）。
+   */
+  static assessmentNotFound(assessmentId: string): AssessmentError {
+    return new AssessmentError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      AssessmentError.CODE_ASSESSMENT_NOT_FOUND,
+      `无可点评的协同能力评估结果：${assessmentId}`,
+      { assessmentId },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 评估生成失败（需求 12.6）。
+   *
+   * 中止本次评估、保留训练任务记录不变、返回表明评估生成失败的提示。
+   */
+  static generationFailed(reason?: string): AssessmentError {
+    return new AssessmentError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      AssessmentError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+      '协同能力评估生成失败，已中止本次评估',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 评估生成超出时限（需求 12.6，配合需求 12.2 的 30 秒预算）。 */
+  static timedOut(limitMs: number): AssessmentError {
+    return new AssessmentError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      AssessmentError.CODE_TIMEOUT,
+      '协同能力评估生成超出时限，已中止本次评估',
+      { limitMs },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/entities/collaboration-assessment.entity.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/entities/collaboration-assessment.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfc62b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/entities/collaboration-assessment.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { InsufficientData } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { CollaborationDimensionScore } from '../ai-collaboration.types';
+
+/**
+ * 协同能力评估结果持久化实体（需求 12.2、12.3、12.4、12.7）。
+ *
+ * 表示某学生完成某训练任务后生成的一份四维协同能力评估结果，归属到学生
+ * （`studentId`）与训练任务（`taskId`）。训练任务目录本身为内置静态配置
+ * （`BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS`），不在此持久化——本实体只承载动态生成的评估数据。
+ *
+ * 复杂可变字段以 JSONB 存储：
+ * - `dimensions`：四维评估结果（含每维 `score` 的 `number | INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 联合）。
+ * - `annotation`：可信度标注（含 `sources[]`，需求 16）。
+ * - `competencyMappingIds`：能力图谱映射记录标识集合（需求 12.4）。
+ * - `overallScore`：综合评分，可能是数值（0-100）或 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 字符串标记
+ *   （四维均数据不足时）。为容纳该联合类型，以 JSONB 存储，读回时按原始 JSON 值
+ *   还原（数值仍为 number，标记仍为字符串），保持联合类型不变。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'collaboration_assessments' })
+export class CollaborationAssessmentEntity {
+  /** 评估唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 对应训练任务标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  taskId!: string;
+
+  /** 四维评估结果（需求 12.2、12.7）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  dimensions!: CollaborationDimensionScore[];
+
+  /**
+   * 综合评分：四维数值分值均值（0-100），或四维均数据不足时为 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`
+   * 标记。以 JSONB 存储以容纳 `number | InsufficientData` 联合类型。
+   */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  overallScore!: number | InsufficientData;
+
+  /** 是否需要学生进行来源核验（需求 12.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean' })
+  requiresSourceVerification!: boolean;
+
+  /** 要求来源核验的提示文案（仅在 `requiresSourceVerification` 为真时存在，需求 12.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  verificationPrompt?: string | null;
+
+  /** 评估整体可信度标注（需求 16）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  annotation!: CredibilityAnnotation;
+
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  trustOutputId!: string;
+
+  /** 结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识集合（需求 12.4）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  competencyMappingIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 评估生成时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  generatedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/entities/collaboration-mentor-comment.entity.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/entities/collaboration-mentor-comment.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6c8c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/entities/collaboration-mentor-comment.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * 导师点评持久化实体（需求 12.5）。
+ *
+ * 表示导师对某学生在某训练任务上的协同过程质量的点评，关联到具体评估结果
+ * （`assessmentId`，即「该学生完成的该任务」），并对该学生可见
+ * （`visibleToStudent` 恒为 `true`，需求 12.5）。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'collaboration_mentor_comments' })
+export class CollaborationMentorCommentEntity {
+  /** 点评唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 关联的评估结果标识（一个学生完成的一个训练任务，需求 12.5）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  assessmentId!: string;
+
+  /** 对应训练任务标识。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  taskId!: string;
+
+  /** 被点评学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 点评导师标识。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  mentorId!: string;
+
+  /** 点评内容。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  comment!: string;
+
+  /** 是否对该学生可见（恒为 true，需求 12.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean' })
+  visibleToStudent!: boolean;
+
+  /** 点评创建时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  createdAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/index.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e9bb64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export * from './ai-collaboration.types';
+export * from './assessment-error';
+export * from './system-collaboration-clock';
+export * from './entities/collaboration-assessment.entity';
+export * from './entities/collaboration-mentor-comment.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-ai-collaboration.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-ai-collaboration.repository';
+export * from './ai-collaboration.dto';
+export * from './ai-collaboration.controller';
+export * from './ai-collaboration.service';
+export * from './ai-collaboration.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/repositories/in-memory-ai-collaboration.repository.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/repositories/in-memory-ai-collaboration.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c5842d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/repositories/in-memory-ai-collaboration.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AICollaborationRepository,
+  BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS,
+  CollaborationAssessment,
+  CollaborationDimension,
+  MentorComment,
+  TrainingTask,
+} from '../ai-collaboration.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版 AI 协同能力培养仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱/临床情景对话对练底座风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，
+ * 作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 训练任务目录（需求 12.1）以内置常量 `BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS` 初始化（覆盖四个维度
+ * 各 ≥1 个任务），构造时载入。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date、嵌套对象），避免外部引用
+ * 篡改内部状态，配合错误路径数据保全不变量（需求 12.6：评估失败时保留训练任务记录
+ * 不变）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryAICollaborationRepository
+  implements AICollaborationRepository
+{
+  private readonly tasks = new Map<string, TrainingTask>();
+  private readonly assessments = new Map<string, CollaborationAssessment>();
+  private readonly comments = new Map<string, MentorComment>();
+
+  constructor() {
+    // 以内置训练任务目录初始化（覆盖四个维度各 ≥1 个，需求 12.1）。
+    this.seedTasks(BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 载入一组训练任务（覆盖同 id 任务）。
+   *
+   * 默认装配与测试均使用内置目录；该方法供测试在需要时替换/追加训练任务目录。
+   */
+  seedTasks(tasks: readonly TrainingTask[]): void {
+    for (const task of tasks) {
+      this.tasks.set(task.id, this.cloneTask(task));
+    }
+  }
+
+  async listTasks(): Promise<TrainingTask[]> {
+    return [...this.tasks.values()].map((t) => this.cloneTask(t));
+  }
+
+  async listTasksByDimension(
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension,
+  ): Promise<TrainingTask[]> {
+    return [...this.tasks.values()]
+      .filter((t) => t.dimension === dimension)
+      .map((t) => this.cloneTask(t));
+  }
+
+  async findTask(id: string): Promise<TrainingTask | null> {
+    const found = this.tasks.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneTask(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async saveAssessment(
+    assessment: CollaborationAssessment,
+  ): Promise<CollaborationAssessment> {
+    const stored = this.cloneAssessment(assessment);
+    this.assessments.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneAssessment(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findAssessment(id: string): Promise<CollaborationAssessment | null> {
+    const found = this.assessments.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneAssessment(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async countAssessments(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.assessments.size;
+  }
+
+  async saveComment(comment: MentorComment): Promise<MentorComment> {
+    const stored = this.cloneComment(comment);
+    this.comments.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneComment(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listCommentsByAssessment(
+    assessmentId: string,
+  ): Promise<MentorComment[]> {
+    return [...this.comments.values()]
+      .filter((c) => c.assessmentId === assessmentId)
+      .map((c) => this.cloneComment(c));
+  }
+
+  async listVisibleCommentsForStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<MentorComment[]> {
+    return [...this.comments.values()]
+      .filter((c) => c.studentId === studentId && c.visibleToStudent)
+      .map((c) => this.cloneComment(c));
+  }
+
+  private cloneTask(task: TrainingTask): TrainingTask {
+    return { ...task };
+  }
+
+  private cloneAssessment(
+    assessment: CollaborationAssessment,
+  ): CollaborationAssessment {
+    return {
+      ...assessment,
+      dimensions: assessment.dimensions.map((d) => ({ ...d })),
+      annotation: {
+        ...assessment.annotation,
+        sources: assessment.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      competencyMappingIds: [...assessment.competencyMappingIds],
+      generatedAt: new Date(assessment.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneComment(comment: MentorComment): MentorComment {
+    return {
+      ...comment,
+      createdAt: new Date(comment.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/repositories/typeorm-ai-collaboration.repository.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/repositories/typeorm-ai-collaboration.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91623e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/repositories/typeorm-ai-collaboration.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  AICollaborationRepository,
+  BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS,
+  CollaborationAssessment,
+  CollaborationDimension,
+  MentorComment,
+  TrainingTask,
+} from '../ai-collaboration.types';
+import { CollaborationAssessmentEntity } from '../entities/collaboration-assessment.entity';
+import { CollaborationMentorCommentEntity } from '../entities/collaboration-mentor-comment.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的 AI 协同能力培养仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现协同能力评估结果（需求 12.2）与导师点评
+ * （需求 12.5）的持久化。与内存实现共享 `AICollaborationRepository` 接口，可在装配层
+ * 互换。
+ *
+ * 训练任务目录（需求 12.1）为内置静态配置，与内存实现一致地从常量
+ * `BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS` 在内存中提供（`listTasks` / `listTasksByDimension` /
+ * `findTask`），**不**落库——任务目录作为代码定义的配置存在。仅动态数据
+ * （评估结果、导师点评）写入数据库。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date、嵌套对象），避免外部引用
+ * 或 ORM 内部缓存对象篡改领域状态。读回时重建 `Date`（`generatedAt` / `createdAt`），
+ * 保留 `overallScore` 与每维 `score` 的 `number | INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 联合类型，
+ * 以及 `annotation.sources[]` 的逐条拷贝。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmAICollaborationRepository
+  implements AICollaborationRepository
+{
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(CollaborationAssessmentEntity)
+    private readonly assessmentRepo: Repository<CollaborationAssessmentEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(CollaborationMentorCommentEntity)
+    private readonly commentRepo: Repository<CollaborationMentorCommentEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  // ── 训练任务：内置静态目录，内存提供（需求 12.1） ───────────────────────────
+
+  async listTasks(): Promise<TrainingTask[]> {
+    return BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS.map((t) => this.cloneTask(t));
+  }
+
+  async listTasksByDimension(
+    dimension: CollaborationDimension,
+  ): Promise<TrainingTask[]> {
+    return BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS.filter((t) => t.dimension === dimension).map(
+      (t) => this.cloneTask(t),
+    );
+  }
+
+  async findTask(id: string): Promise<TrainingTask | null> {
+    const found = BUILTIN_TRAINING_TASKS.find((t) => t.id === id);
+    return found ? this.cloneTask(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  // ── 评估结果：持久化（需求 12.2） ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  async saveAssessment(
+    assessment: CollaborationAssessment,
+  ): Promise<CollaborationAssessment> {
+    const entity = this.assessmentRepo.create({
+      id: assessment.id,
+      studentId: assessment.studentId,
+      taskId: assessment.taskId,
+      dimensions: assessment.dimensions.map((d) => ({ ...d })),
+      overallScore: assessment.overallScore,
+      requiresSourceVerification: assessment.requiresSourceVerification,
+      verificationPrompt: assessment.verificationPrompt ?? null,
+      annotation: {
+        ...assessment.annotation,
+        sources: assessment.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      trustOutputId: assessment.trustOutputId,
+      competencyMappingIds: [...assessment.competencyMappingIds],
+      generatedAt: assessment.generatedAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.assessmentRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toAssessment(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findAssessment(id: string): Promise<CollaborationAssessment | null> {
+    const found = await this.assessmentRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toAssessment(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async countAssessments(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.assessmentRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  // ── 导师点评：持久化（需求 12.5） ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  async saveComment(comment: MentorComment): Promise<MentorComment> {
+    const entity = this.commentRepo.create({
+      id: comment.id,
+      assessmentId: comment.assessmentId,
+      taskId: comment.taskId,
+      studentId: comment.studentId,
+      mentorId: comment.mentorId,
+      comment: comment.comment,
+      visibleToStudent: comment.visibleToStudent,
+      createdAt: comment.createdAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.commentRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toComment(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listCommentsByAssessment(
+    assessmentId: string,
+  ): Promise<MentorComment[]> {
+    const all = await this.commentRepo.find({ where: { assessmentId } });
+    return all.map((c) => this.toComment(c));
+  }
+
+  async listVisibleCommentsForStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<MentorComment[]> {
+    const all = await this.commentRepo.find({
+      where: { studentId, visibleToStudent: true },
+    });
+    return all.map((c) => this.toComment(c));
+  }
+
+  // ── 映射辅助：实体 ↔ 领域，含防御性拷贝与 Date 重建 ────────────────────────
+
+  private cloneTask(task: TrainingTask): TrainingTask {
+    return { ...task };
+  }
+
+  private toAssessment(
+    entity: CollaborationAssessmentEntity,
+  ): CollaborationAssessment {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      taskId: entity.taskId,
+      dimensions: (entity.dimensions ?? []).map((d) => ({ ...d })),
+      overallScore: entity.overallScore,
+      requiresSourceVerification: entity.requiresSourceVerification,
+      ...(entity.verificationPrompt != null
+        ? { verificationPrompt: entity.verificationPrompt }
+        : {}),
+      annotation: {
+        ...entity.annotation,
+        sources: (entity.annotation?.sources ?? []).map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      trustOutputId: entity.trustOutputId,
+      competencyMappingIds: [...(entity.competencyMappingIds ?? [])],
+      generatedAt: new Date(entity.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toComment(entity: CollaborationMentorCommentEntity): MentorComment {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      assessmentId: entity.assessmentId,
+      taskId: entity.taskId,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      mentorId: entity.mentorId,
+      comment: entity.comment,
+      visibleToStudent: entity.visibleToStudent,
+      createdAt: new Date(entity.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-collaboration/system-collaboration-clock.ts b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/system-collaboration-clock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbbfbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-collaboration/system-collaboration-clock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { CollaborationClock } from './ai-collaboration.types';
+
+/**
+ * 系统时钟实现（需求 12.2、12.5）。
+ *
+ * 默认的 `CollaborationClock` 实现，直接读取系统时间，用于评估结果（需求 12.2）与
+ * 导师点评（需求 12.5）的时间戳。测试可注入可控时钟替代本实现，通过
+ * `COLLABORATION_CLOCK` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemCollaborationClock implements CollaborationClock {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.error-paths.spec.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.error-paths.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9572bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.error-paths.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import {
+  Achievement,
+  AchievementType,
+  Milestone,
+} from '@modules/learning-space';
+
+import { AIEvaluationService } from './ai-evaluation.service';
+import {
+  CONTENT_CATEGORY_TIME,
+  CONTENT_CATEGORY_TITLE,
+  CONTENT_CATEGORY_TYPE,
+} from './ai-evaluation.types';
+import { EvaluationError } from './evaluation-error';
+
+/**
+ * AI 评估引擎：评价错误路径测试（任务 6.2，需求 2.5、2.6，验证 Property 7 相关部分）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 信息不足中止（需求 2.5）：成果缺少 AI 评价所需内容信息时中止生成、保留成果数据
+ *   不变，并返回说明缺失内容类别的提示。
+ * - 生成失败中止（需求 2.6）：AI 网关 fail 模式下中止生成、保留触发数据不变、提示失败。
+ * - 超时中止（需求 2.6）：AI 网关 timeout 模式下中止生成、保留触发数据不变、提示失败。
+ *
+ * Property 7（错误路径数据保全）：每个错误路径调用前后对触发数据做深拷贝比对
+ * （`toEqual` 深相等），断言触发评价的成果/里程碑对象未被修改（不产生部分写入）。
+ */
+describe('AIEvaluationService 评价错误路径（需求 2.5、2.6，Property 7）', () => {
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  let aiTrust: AITrustService;
+  let graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let service: AIEvaluationService;
+
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+  const definedTagId = 'tag.knowledge.clinical';
+
+  const makeAchievement = (over: Partial<Achievement> = {}): Achievement => ({
+    id: 'ach-001',
+    studentId,
+    type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship,
+    title: '内科临床见习记录',
+    occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T08:00:00.000Z'),
+    academicYear: '2024-2025',
+    semester: '秋季',
+    attachments: [],
+    competencyTagIds: [definedTagId],
+    pendingTagAssociation: false,
+    ...over,
+  });
+
+  const makeMilestone = (over: Partial<Milestone> = {}): Milestone => ({
+    id: 'ms-001',
+    studentId,
+    name: '完成内科轮转',
+    reachedAt: new Date('2025-01-15T08:00:00.000Z'),
+    achievementIds: ['ach-001'],
+    ...over,
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * 结构化深拷贝快照，用于错误路径前后数据保全比对（Property 7）。
+   * 使用 `structuredClone` 以保留 `Date` 等类型。
+   */
+  const snapshot = <T>(value: T): T => structuredClone(value);
+
+  /**
+   * 断言触发数据在错误路径前后保持不变（Property 7）。
+   *
+   * 采用 JSON 序列化后比对：可对两侧的无效日期（`Invalid Date`）一致归一化，避免
+   * Jest `toEqual` 因 `NaN !== NaN` 将两个无效日期判为不等而产生误判；同时仍能完整
+   * 比对全部字段值（深相等）。
+   */
+  const expectUnchanged = (actual: unknown, before: unknown): void => {
+    expect(JSON.stringify(actual)).toBe(JSON.stringify(before));
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    gateway.setBehavior('success');
+    aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+    graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+    service = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 2.5：信息不足中止（Property 7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('信息不足中止（需求 2.5，Property 7）', () => {
+    it('成果缺少标题时中止形成性评价并提示缺失「成果标题」（需求 2.5）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement({ title: '   ' });
+      const before = snapshot(achievement);
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          EvaluationError.CODE_INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        // 说明缺失的内容类别（需求 2.5）。
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingCategories).toEqual([
+          CONTENT_CATEGORY_TITLE,
+        ]);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：成果数据未被修改（Property 7）。
+      expectUnchanged(achievement, before);
+    });
+
+    it('成果缺少有效时间时中止形成性评价并提示缺失「成果时间」（需求 2.5）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement({
+        occurredAt: new Date('not-a-date'),
+      });
+      const before = snapshot(achievement);
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          EvaluationError.CODE_INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingCategories).toEqual([
+          CONTENT_CATEGORY_TIME,
+        ]);
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievement, before);
+    });
+
+    it('成果缺少多项内容时列出全部缺失类别（需求 2.5）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement({
+        type: undefined as unknown as AchievementType,
+        title: '',
+        occurredAt: new Date('invalid'),
+      });
+      const before = snapshot(achievement);
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingCategories).toEqual([
+          CONTENT_CATEGORY_TYPE,
+          CONTENT_CATEGORY_TITLE,
+          CONTENT_CATEGORY_TIME,
+        ]);
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievement, before);
+    });
+
+    it('信息不足时不调用 AI 网关（避免任何生成副作用）（需求 2.5，Property 7）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement({ title: '' });
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(gateway, 'generate');
+
+      await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(spy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('终结性评价中任一成果信息不足时中止并保留全部成果数据不变（需求 2.5，Property 7）', async () => {
+      const achievements = [
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-001', title: '见习记录一' }),
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-002', title: '   ' }),
+      ];
+      const milestone = makeMilestone({
+        achievementIds: ['ach-001', 'ach-002'],
+      });
+      const achievementsBefore = snapshot(achievements);
+      const milestoneBefore = snapshot(milestone);
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(gateway, 'generate');
+
+      const result = await service.generateSummativeEvaluation(
+        milestone,
+        achievements,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          EvaluationError.CODE_INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingCategories).toEqual([
+          CONTENT_CATEGORY_TITLE,
+        ]);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：触发数据（成果与里程碑）均未被修改（Property 7）。
+      expectUnchanged(achievements, achievementsBefore);
+      expectUnchanged(milestone, milestoneBefore);
+      expect(spy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 2.6：生成失败中止（Property 7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('生成失败中止（需求 2.6，Property 7）', () => {
+    it('形成性评价生成失败时中止并保留成果数据不变（需求 2.6）', async () => {
+      gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+      const achievement = makeAchievement();
+      const before = snapshot(achievement);
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          EvaluationError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievement, before);
+    });
+
+    it('终结性评价生成失败时中止并保留触发数据不变（需求 2.6）', async () => {
+      gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+      const achievements = [
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-001', title: '见习记录一' }),
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-002', title: '见习记录二' }),
+      ];
+      const milestone = makeMilestone({
+        achievementIds: ['ach-001', 'ach-002'],
+      });
+      const achievementsBefore = snapshot(achievements);
+      const milestoneBefore = snapshot(milestone);
+
+      const result = await service.generateSummativeEvaluation(
+        milestone,
+        achievements,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          EvaluationError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+        );
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievements, achievementsBefore);
+      expectUnchanged(milestone, milestoneBefore);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 2.6：超时中止（Property 7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('超时中止（需求 2.6，Property 7）', () => {
+    it('形成性评价生成超时时中止并保留成果数据不变（需求 2.6）', async () => {
+      gateway.setBehavior('timeout');
+      const achievement = makeAchievement();
+      const before = snapshot(achievement);
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        // timeout 模式立即抛错，被映射为生成失败；两者均为需求 2.6 的中止提示。
+        expect([
+          EvaluationError.CODE_TIMEOUT,
+          EvaluationError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+        ]).toContain(result.error.code);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievement, before);
+    });
+
+    it('超出生成预算时返回超时错误并保留成果数据不变（需求 2.6）', async () => {
+      // 让 mock 在抛错前延迟，超过下方注入的极短预算，触发超时竞速分支。
+      gateway.setBehavior('timeout', 50);
+      const achievement = makeAchievement();
+      const before = snapshot(achievement);
+
+      // 注入极短预算定向触发 CODE_TIMEOUT 竞速分支：先从原型上取得真实实现，
+      // 再以 spy 覆盖并改用极短预算调用真实实现（避免对 spy 自身递归）。
+      const tinyBudget = 1;
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(service) as {
+        generateWithBudget: (request: unknown, budgetMs: number) => unknown;
+      };
+      const originalFn = proto.generateWithBudget;
+      const generateSpy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'generateWithBudget')
+        .mockImplementation(function (this: unknown, request: unknown) {
+          return originalFn.call(this, request, tinyBudget);
+        });
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(EvaluationError.CODE_TIMEOUT);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.details?.limitMs).toBe(tinyBudget);
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievement, before);
+
+      generateSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('终结性评价生成超时时中止并保留触发数据不变（需求 2.6）', async () => {
+      gateway.setBehavior('timeout');
+      const achievements = [makeAchievement()];
+      const milestone = makeMilestone();
+      const achievementsBefore = snapshot(achievements);
+      const milestoneBefore = snapshot(milestone);
+
+      const result = await service.generateSummativeEvaluation(
+        milestone,
+        achievements,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect([
+          EvaluationError.CODE_TIMEOUT,
+          EvaluationError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+        ]).toContain(result.error.code);
+      }
+      expectUnchanged(achievements, achievementsBefore);
+      expectUnchanged(milestone, milestoneBefore);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.module.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d35e464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { AITrustModule } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { AIEvaluationService } from './ai-evaluation.service';
+
+/**
+ * AI 评估引擎模块（需求 2，对应 design.md 组件 2「AI 评估引擎」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现：
+ * - 任务 6.1：形成性与终结性评价（`AIEvaluationService`）成功路径与空节点跳过。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `AIGatewayModule`：经统一 AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY` 令牌）调用大模型生成评价
+ *   （design.md：所有大模型调用统一经 AI 网关）。
+ * - `AITrustModule`：经 `AITrustService` 为评价统一附加可信度标注与来源溯源
+ *   （需求 2.3、16）。
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`：经 `CompetencyTagService` 校验发展建议引用的能力标签
+ *   为已定义标签（需求 2.4）。
+ *
+ * 导出 `AIEvaluationService` 供学习空间（形成性评价触发，需求 2.1）、课程对练引擎
+ * （薄弱环节改进建议，需求 4.7-4.8，后续任务）等模块注入使用。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [AIGatewayModule, AITrustModule, CompetencyGraphModule],
+  providers: [AIEvaluationService],
+  exports: [AIEvaluationService],
+})
+export class AIEvaluationModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7877991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import {
+  Achievement,
+  AchievementType,
+  Milestone,
+} from '@modules/learning-space';
+
+import { AIEvaluationService } from './ai-evaluation.service';
+import { EvaluationKind } from './ai-evaluation.types';
+import { EvaluationError } from './evaluation-error';
+
+/**
+ * AI 评估引擎：形成性与终结性评价测试（任务 6.1，需求 2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4、2.7）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 形成性评价生成：附带可信度标注（≥1 依据来源，需求 2.3）、发展建议引用 ≥1 能力
+ *   标签（需求 2.4），在 30 秒预算内完成（需求 2.1）。
+ * - 终结性评价生成：基于里程碑节点内全部学习成果（需求 2.2）。
+ * - 空节点跳过：节点内无任何学习成果时跳过终结性评价并返回提示（需求 2.7）。
+ *
+ * 使用 MockAIGateway 的 success 模式驱动成功路径。
+ */
+describe('AIEvaluationService 形成性与终结性评价（需求 2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4、2.7）', () => {
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  let aiTrust: AITrustService;
+  let graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let service: AIEvaluationService;
+
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+  /** 已定义的能力标签 id（来自默认标签体系），供成果关联。 */
+  const definedTagId = 'tag.knowledge.clinical';
+  const otherDefinedTagId = 'tag.clinical.history-taking';
+
+  const makeAchievement = (over: Partial<Achievement> = {}): Achievement => ({
+    id: 'ach-001',
+    studentId,
+    type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship,
+    title: '内科临床见习记录',
+    occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T08:00:00.000Z'),
+    academicYear: '2024-2025',
+    semester: '秋季',
+    attachments: [],
+    competencyTagIds: [definedTagId],
+    pendingTagAssociation: false,
+    ...over,
+  });
+
+  const makeMilestone = (over: Partial<Milestone> = {}): Milestone => ({
+    id: 'ms-001',
+    studentId,
+    name: '完成内科轮转',
+    reachedAt: new Date('2025-01-15T08:00:00.000Z'),
+    achievementIds: ['ach-001'],
+    ...over,
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    gateway.setBehavior('success');
+    aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+    graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+    service = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+  });
+
+  describe('形成性评价（需求 2.1、2.3、2.4）', () => {
+    it('成功生成形成性评价并附带列出至少一条依据来源的可信度标注（需求 2.3）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement();
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const ev = result.value;
+        expect(ev.kind).toBe(EvaluationKind.Formative);
+        expect(ev.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+        expect(ev.targetId).toBe(achievement.id);
+        expect(ev.achievementIds).toEqual([achievement.id]);
+        // 可信度标注列出 ≥1 依据来源（需求 2.3）。
+        expect(ev.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(ev.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+        expect(ev.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(ev.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        // 依据来源应包含该学习成果（需求 2.3）。
+        expect(
+          ev.annotation.sources.some((s) => s.id === `achievement:${achievement.id}`),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        expect(ev.trustOutputId).toBeDefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('每条发展建议引用至少一个已定义能力标签（需求 2.4）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement({
+        competencyTagIds: [definedTagId, otherDefinedTagId],
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.suggestions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        const definedIds = new Set(DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.map((t) => t.id));
+        for (const suggestion of result.value.suggestions) {
+          // 每条建议引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+          expect(suggestion.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+          // 引用的标签均为能力图谱已定义标签（呼应需求 14.3）。
+          for (const tagId of suggestion.competencyTagIds) {
+            expect(definedIds.has(tagId)).toBe(true);
+          }
+        }
+        // 成果关联的两个标签都体现在发展建议中。
+        const allReferenced = result.value.suggestions.flatMap(
+          (s) => s.competencyTagIds,
+        );
+        expect(allReferenced).toContain(definedTagId);
+        expect(allReferenced).toContain(otherDefinedTagId);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('成果未关联任何已定义标签时仍回退保证发展建议引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement({
+        competencyTagIds: ['tag.not-defined'],
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.suggestions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        const definedIds = new Set(DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.map((t) => t.id));
+        for (const suggestion of result.value.suggestions) {
+          expect(suggestion.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+          for (const tagId of suggestion.competencyTagIds) {
+            expect(definedIds.has(tagId)).toBe(true);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 30 秒预算内完成生成（需求 2.1）', async () => {
+      const achievement = makeAchievement();
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await service.generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(30_000);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('终结性评价（需求 2.2）', () => {
+    it('基于里程碑节点内全部学习成果生成终结性评价（需求 2.2）', async () => {
+      const achievements = [
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-001', title: '见习记录一' }),
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-002', title: '见习记录二' }),
+        makeAchievement({ id: 'ach-003', title: '见习记录三' }),
+      ];
+      const milestone = makeMilestone({
+        achievementIds: achievements.map((a) => a.id),
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.generateSummativeEvaluation(
+        milestone,
+        achievements,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const ev = result.value;
+        expect(ev.kind).toBe(EvaluationKind.Summative);
+        expect(ev.targetId).toBe(milestone.id);
+        // 基于节点内全部成果（需求 2.2）。
+        expect(ev.achievementIds).toEqual(['ach-001', 'ach-002', 'ach-003']);
+        // 可信度标注列出依据来源（需求 2.3）：应覆盖全部成果。
+        expect(ev.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3);
+        for (const a of achievements) {
+          expect(
+            ev.annotation.sources.some((s) => s.id === `achievement:${a.id}`),
+          ).toBe(true);
+        }
+        // 发展建议引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+        expect(ev.suggestions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        for (const suggestion of ev.suggestions) {
+          expect(suggestion.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('空节点跳过（需求 2.7）', () => {
+    it('节点内无任何学习成果时跳过终结性评价并返回提示（需求 2.7）', async () => {
+      const milestone = makeMilestone({ achievementIds: [] });
+
+      const result = await service.generateSummativeEvaluation(milestone, []);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          EvaluationError.CODE_NO_EVALUABLE_ACHIEVEMENTS,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.details?.milestoneId).toBe(milestone.id);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('空节点跳过时不调用 AI 网关（保留里程碑数据不变）（需求 2.7）', async () => {
+      const milestone = makeMilestone({ achievementIds: [] });
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(gateway, 'generate');
+
+      await service.generateSummativeEvaluation(milestone, []);
+
+      expect(spy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('对练薄弱环节改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）', () => {
+    it('为每个薄弱环节生成一条引用其能力标签、附 0%-100% 可信度标注的改进建议', async () => {
+      const suggestions = await service.generateImprovementSuggestions({
+        studentId,
+        reportId: 'report-001',
+        weakAreas: [
+          { tagId: definedTagId, correctnessRate: 20 },
+          { tagId: otherDefinedTagId, correctnessRate: 0 },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      // 与薄弱环节一一对应（需求 4.7）。
+      expect(suggestions.length).toBe(2);
+      const referencedTags = suggestions.flatMap((s) => s.competencyTagIds);
+      expect(referencedTags).toContain(definedTagId);
+      expect(referencedTags).toContain(otherDefinedTagId);
+
+      for (const suggestion of suggestions) {
+        // 引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 4.7）。
+        expect(suggestion.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        // 0%-100% 可信度标注（需求 4.8）。
+        expect(suggestion.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(suggestion.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        // 附依据来源、可追溯（需求 4.8、16.2）。
+        expect(suggestion.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(suggestion.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+        expect(suggestion.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('无薄弱环节时返回空建议列表', async () => {
+      const suggestions = await service.generateImprovementSuggestions({
+        studentId,
+        reportId: 'report-002',
+        weakAreas: [],
+      });
+
+      expect(suggestions).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.service.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71a561c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+  SourceRef,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService, AIOutputKind } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import { Achievement, Milestone } from '@modules/learning-space';
+import { CompetencyTagService } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import {
+  Evaluation,
+  EvaluationKind,
+  FORMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  ImprovementSuggestion,
+  ImprovementSuggestionInput,
+  SUMMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  Suggestion,
+  findMissingContentCategories,
+} from './ai-evaluation.types';
+import { EvaluationError } from './evaluation-error';
+
+/** 内部信号：用于区分预算超时与一般生成失败（与 skill-invocation 一致）。 */
+class EvaluationTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * AI 评估引擎服务（需求 2，对应 design.md 组件 2「AI 评估引擎」）。
+ *
+ * 本任务（6.1）实现成功路径与空节点跳过：
+ * - `generateFormativeEvaluation()`：当一条学习成果被成功保存时，在 30 秒内生成针对
+ *   该成果的形成性评价与发展建议（需求 2.1）。
+ * - `generateSummativeEvaluation()`：当里程碑节点内存在至少一条学习成果时，基于该
+ *   节点内全部学习成果生成终结性评价（需求 2.2）；节点内无任何成果时跳过生成并返回
+ *   表明无可评价学习成果的提示（需求 2.7）。
+ *
+ * 横切保证：
+ * - 每条评价附带可信度标注，且列出该评价所依据的至少一条学习成果或权威知识源
+ *   （需求 2.3）——经 AI 可信层 `AITrustService.wrap()` 统一封装（需求 16）。
+ * - 每条发展建议引用能力图谱中的至少一个能力标签（需求 2.4）——标签经
+ *   `CompetencyTagService` 校验为已定义标签。
+ *
+ * 时延（需求 2.1）：AI 生成采用与技能调用一致的超时竞速预算模式
+ * （见 skill-invocation.service.ts），在 30 秒预算内完成。
+ *
+ * 错误路径（需求 2.5 信息不足、需求 2.6 生成失败/超时）由任务 6.2 实现：
+ * - 需求 2.5：在调用 AI 网关之前校验内容信息充分性，不足时中止生成、保留触发数据
+ *   不变（数据保全，Property 7），并返回 `EvaluationError.insufficientContent`
+ *   说明缺失的内容类别。
+ * - 需求 2.6：AI 生成封装在 `generateWithBudget()` 内，网关失败映射为
+ *   `EvaluationError.generationFailed`、超出预算映射为 `EvaluationError.timedOut`，
+ *   两者均不修改触发评价的成果/里程碑数据（数据保全，Property 7）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class AIEvaluationService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly aiGateway: AIGateway,
+    private readonly aiTrust: AITrustService,
+    private readonly competencyTags: CompetencyTagService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 生成针对单条学习成果的形成性评价（需求 2.1、2.3、2.4）。
+   *
+   * 在 30 秒预算内经 AI 网关生成评价正文，附带列出至少一条依据来源的可信度标注
+   * （以该学习成果作为依据，需求 2.3），并生成至少一条引用 ≥1 已定义能力标签的发展
+   * 建议（需求 2.4）。评价生成不修改学习成果数据（数据保全）。
+   *
+   * @param achievement 触发评价的学习成果（需已成功保存）。
+   */
+  async generateFormativeEvaluation(
+    achievement: Achievement,
+  ): Promise<Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>> {
+    // 需求 2.5：内容信息不足时中止生成、保留成果数据不变，并提示缺失的内容类别。
+    // 在调用 AI 网关之前校验，确保不产生任何生成副作用（数据保全，Property 7）。
+    const missing = findMissingContentCategories(achievement);
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(EvaluationError.insufficientContent(missing));
+    }
+
+    const sources = this.buildAchievementSources([achievement]);
+    const prompt = this.buildFormativePrompt(achievement);
+
+    const generation = await this.generateWithBudget(
+      { prompt, sources, timeoutMs: FORMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS },
+      FORMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (isErr(generation)) {
+      return generation;
+    }
+
+    const evaluation = await this.assembleEvaluation({
+      kind: EvaluationKind.Formative,
+      studentId: achievement.studentId,
+      targetId: achievement.id,
+      achievements: [achievement],
+      basisSources: sources,
+      generation: generation.value,
+    });
+    return ok(evaluation);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 基于里程碑节点内全部学习成果生成终结性评价（需求 2.2、2.3、2.4、2.7）。
+   *
+   * - 若节点内无任何学习成果（`achievements` 为空），跳过生成并返回表明该节点无可评价
+   *   学习成果的提示（需求 2.7）；不修改里程碑数据（数据保全）。
+   * - 否则基于节点内全部成果生成终结性评价，附依据来源标注（需求 2.3）与引用 ≥1 能力
+   *   标签的发展建议（需求 2.4）。
+   *
+   * @param milestone 已达成的里程碑节点。
+   * @param achievements 该节点内的全部学习成果（需求 2.2）。
+   */
+  async generateSummativeEvaluation(
+    milestone: Milestone,
+    achievements: Achievement[],
+  ): Promise<Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>> {
+    // 需求 2.7：节点内无任何学习成果时跳过生成并返回提示。
+    if (!achievements || achievements.length === 0) {
+      return err(EvaluationError.noEvaluableAchievements(milestone.id));
+    }
+
+    // 需求 2.5：终结性评价基于节点内全部成果（需求 2.2）；若其中存在成果缺少 AI 评价
+    // 所需的内容信息，则中止本次生成、保留数据不变，并提示缺失的内容类别。校验在调用
+    // AI 网关之前完成，确保不产生任何生成副作用（数据保全，Property 7）。
+    const missing = this.collectMissingContentCategories(achievements);
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(EvaluationError.insufficientContent(missing));
+    }
+
+    const sources = this.buildAchievementSources(achievements);
+    const prompt = this.buildSummativePrompt(milestone, achievements);
+
+    const generation = await this.generateWithBudget(
+      { prompt, sources, timeoutMs: SUMMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS },
+      SUMMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (isErr(generation)) {
+      return generation;
+    }
+
+    const evaluation = await this.assembleEvaluation({
+      kind: EvaluationKind.Summative,
+      studentId: milestone.studentId,
+      targetId: milestone.id,
+      achievements,
+      basisSources: sources,
+      generation: generation.value,
+    });
+    return ok(evaluation);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 对练薄弱环节改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 针对对练报告中的每个薄弱环节生成改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+   *
+   * 对应 design.md 组件 2 接口 `generateImprovementSuggestions(report)`：当一次对练
+   * 报告生成时，AI 评估引擎为报告中的每个薄弱环节（正确率 < 60% 的能力标签，需求 4.5）
+   * 生成一条改进建议（需求 4.7），并为每条建议附带取值范围 0%-100% 的可信度标注
+   * （需求 4.8）。
+   *
+   * 横切保证：
+   * - 每条建议引用其对应的薄弱环节能力标签（`competencyTagIds`，需求 4.7），并经
+   *   `CompetencyTagService` 解析标签名称用于文案（未定义标签回退使用标签标识）。
+   * - 每条建议经 AI 可信层 `AITrustService.wrap()` 统一封装可信度标注（需求 4.8、16）：
+   *   以该薄弱环节能力标签作为依据来源（≥1 条 → 可溯源），并钳制置信度到 0-100。
+   *
+   * 输入无薄弱环节（空列表）时返回空建议列表：报告无薄弱环节即无需改进建议。
+   * 本方法不修改任何对练数据（数据保全）。
+   *
+   * @param input 改进建议生成输入（归属学生、报告引用、薄弱环节集合）。
+   * @returns 与薄弱环节一一对应的改进建议列表，每条附 0%-100% 可信度标注。
+   */
+  async generateImprovementSuggestions(
+    input: ImprovementSuggestionInput,
+  ): Promise<ImprovementSuggestion[]> {
+    const suggestions: ImprovementSuggestion[] = [];
+    for (const weakArea of input.weakAreas ?? []) {
+      const tag = await this.competencyTags.getTag(weakArea.tagId);
+      const label = tag?.name ?? weakArea.tagName ?? weakArea.tagId;
+
+      // 以该薄弱环节能力标签作为可追溯依据来源（需求 4.8、16.2）。
+      const source: SourceRef = {
+        id: `competency-tag:${weakArea.tagId}`,
+        title: `能力标签「${label}」`,
+        citation: weakArea.tagId,
+      };
+
+      const content =
+        `针对薄弱环节「${label}」（本次对练正确率 ` +
+        `${weakArea.correctnessRate}%），建议围绕该能力维度进行专项强化：` +
+        `复习相关权威知识源、针对性完成对练并复盘错题。`;
+
+      // 经 AI 可信层统一封装可信度标注（需求 4.8、16）。
+      const wrapped = this.aiTrust.wrap({
+        content,
+        sources: [source],
+        confidence: 80,
+        kind: AIOutputKind.Suggestion,
+      });
+
+      suggestions.push({
+        content,
+        competencyTagIds: [weakArea.tagId],
+        annotation: wrapped.annotation,
+        trustOutputId: wrapped.id,
+      });
+    }
+    return suggestions;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 评价组装（需求 2.3、2.4、16）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 将一次成功的 AI 生成结果组装为 `Evaluation`。
+   *
+   * - 经 `AITrustService.wrap()` 以"学习成果依据来源 + 网关来源"统一封装可信度标注，
+   *   保证标注列出至少一条依据来源（需求 2.3、16）。
+   * - 生成至少一条引用 ≥1 已定义能力标签的发展建议（需求 2.4）。
+   */
+  private async assembleEvaluation(params: {
+    kind: EvaluationKind;
+    studentId: string;
+    targetId: string;
+    achievements: Achievement[];
+    basisSources: SourceRef[];
+    generation: AIGenerationResult;
+  }): Promise<Evaluation> {
+    const { kind, studentId, targetId, achievements, basisSources, generation } =
+      params;
+
+    // 合并"学习成果依据"与"网关返回来源"，去重后作为评价依据（需求 2.3）。
+    const combinedSources = this.mergeSources(
+      basisSources,
+      generation.annotation.sources,
+    );
+
+    // 经 AI 可信层统一封装可信度标注（需求 16）。来源 ≥1 时标注为可溯源。
+    const wrapped = this.aiTrust.wrap({
+      content: generation.content,
+      sources: combinedSources,
+      confidence: generation.annotation.confidence,
+      kind: AIOutputKind.Evaluation,
+    });
+
+    const suggestions = await this.buildSuggestions(achievements);
+
+    return {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      kind,
+      studentId,
+      targetId,
+      achievementIds: achievements.map((a) => a.id),
+      content: generation.content,
+      annotation: wrapped.annotation,
+      suggestions,
+      trustOutputId: wrapped.id,
+      generatedAt: new Date(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 生成发展建议，每条引用 ≥1 已定义能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+   *
+   * 标签来源：取被评价学习成果上已关联的能力标签（`competencyTagIds`），并经
+   * `CompetencyTagService` 过滤为能力图谱中的已定义标签（避免引用未定义标签，
+   * 呼应需求 14.3）。当成果未关联任何已定义标签时，回退到统一标签体系中的首个标签，
+   * 以保证至少存在一条引用 ≥1 能力标签的发展建议（需求 2.4）。
+   *
+   * 为每个已定义标签生成一条针对该能力维度的发展建议，使每条建议都明确对应一个能力
+   * 标签（需求 2.4）。
+   */
+  private async buildSuggestions(
+    achievements: Achievement[],
+  ): Promise<Suggestion[]> {
+    const definedTagIds = await this.resolveDefinedTagIds(achievements);
+    const suggestions: Suggestion[] = [];
+    for (const tagId of definedTagIds) {
+      const tag = await this.competencyTags.getTag(tagId);
+      const label = tag?.name ?? tagId;
+      suggestions.push({
+        content: `建议围绕「${label}」能力维度开展针对性提升，巩固相关知识与实践。`,
+        competencyTagIds: [tagId],
+      });
+    }
+    return suggestions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 解析被评价成果对应的已定义能力标签集合（需求 2.4）。
+   *
+   * 先收集全部成果上关联的标签并去重，再逐一经 `CompetencyTagService.isDefinedTag`
+   * 过滤；若无任何已定义标签，则回退到统一标签体系首个标签，保证返回 ≥1 个标签。
+   */
+  private async resolveDefinedTagIds(
+    achievements: Achievement[],
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    const candidates = [
+      ...new Set(achievements.flatMap((a) => a.competencyTagIds ?? [])),
+    ];
+
+    const defined: string[] = [];
+    for (const tagId of candidates) {
+      if (await this.competencyTags.isDefinedTag(tagId)) {
+        defined.push(tagId);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (defined.length === 0) {
+      // 回退：保证发展建议至少引用一个已定义能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+      const allTags = await this.competencyTags.listTags();
+      if (allTags.length > 0) {
+        defined.push(allTags[0].id);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return defined;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 内容信息充分性（需求 2.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 汇总一组学习成果缺失的 AI 评价所需内容类别（需求 2.5）。
+   *
+   * 对终结性评价而言，节点内任一成果缺少评价所需内容信息都会导致信息不足；本方法
+   * 聚合全部成果缺失的内容类别并去重（保留「类型→标题→时间」顺序），作为提示返回。
+   * 纯读取，不修改任何成果数据（数据保全，Property 7）。
+   */
+  private collectMissingContentCategories(
+    achievements: Achievement[],
+  ): string[] {
+    const missing = new Set<string>();
+    for (const achievement of achievements) {
+      for (const category of findMissingContentCategories(achievement)) {
+        missing.add(category);
+      }
+    }
+    return [...missing];
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 依据来源（需求 2.3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 由学习成果构造依据来源（需求 2.3）。
+   *
+   * 每条学习成果即为一条可追溯的评价依据，投影为 `SourceRef`，使可信度标注能够列出
+   * 该评价所依据的至少一条学习成果（需求 2.3）。
+   */
+  private buildAchievementSources(achievements: Achievement[]): SourceRef[] {
+    return achievements.map((a) => ({
+      id: `achievement:${a.id}`,
+      title: a.title,
+      citation: a.id,
+    }));
+  }
+
+  /** 合并两组来源，按来源 id 去重（保留首次出现顺序）。 */
+  private mergeSources(
+    primary: SourceRef[],
+    secondary: SourceRef[],
+  ): SourceRef[] {
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    const merged: SourceRef[] = [];
+    for (const source of [...primary, ...(secondary ?? [])]) {
+      if (seen.has(source.id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      seen.add(source.id);
+      merged.push({ ...source });
+    }
+    return merged;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 提示词构造
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** 构造形成性评价提示词（需求 2.1）。 */
+  private buildFormativePrompt(achievement: Achievement): string {
+    return (
+      `请针对以下学习成果生成形成性评价与发展建议：` +
+      `类型=${achievement.type}，标题=${achievement.title}，` +
+      `时间=${achievement.occurredAt.toISOString()}。`
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 构造终结性评价提示词（需求 2.2）。 */
+  private buildSummativePrompt(
+    milestone: Milestone,
+    achievements: Achievement[],
+  ): string {
+    const titles = achievements.map((a) => a.title).join('、');
+    return (
+      `请基于里程碑「${milestone.name}」节点内的全部学习成果生成终结性评价：` +
+      `共 ${achievements.length} 条成果（${titles}）。`
+    );
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // AI 生成预算（需求 2.1；需求 2.6 错误返回供任务 6.2 复用）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内调用 AI 网关（需求 2.1 的 30 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用与技能调用一致的超时竞速：
+   * - 网关抛错（生成失败）映射为 `EvaluationError.generationFailed`（需求 2.6）。
+   * - 超过预算未返回则由超时竞速终止并返回 `EvaluationError.timedOut`（需求 2.6）。
+   *
+   * 失败/超时分支为评价错误路径（任务 6.2）所需，此处已结构化返回，供其直接复用。
+   */
+  private async generateWithBudget(
+    request: AIGenerationRequest,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<Result<AIGenerationResult, EvaluationError>> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(
+          () => reject(new EvaluationTimeoutSignal()),
+          budgetMs,
+        );
+      });
+      const result = await Promise.race([
+        this.aiGateway.generate(request),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(result);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof EvaluationTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(EvaluationError.timedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(EvaluationError.generationFailed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.types.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e72c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/ai-evaluation.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/**
+ * AI 评估引擎（AI_Evaluation_Engine）领域类型定义。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 2：AI 形成性与终结性评价及发展建议。本文件聚焦"模型 + 常量"：
+ * - `EvaluationKind`：评价类别（形成性 / 终结性，需求 2.1、2.2）。
+ * - `Suggestion`：发展建议，引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+ * - `Evaluation`：评价结果，附带可信度标注（≥1 依据来源，需求 2.3）。
+ *
+ * 设计依据 design.md 组件 2「AI 评估引擎」接口：
+ * ```
+ * generateFormativeEvaluation(achievement): Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>
+ * generateSummativeEvaluation(milestone, achievements): Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * 复用底座类型（不重定义）：
+ * - 可信度标注与来源结构复用 `@infra/ai-gateway` 的 `CredibilityAnnotation` 与
+ *   `SourceRef`；标注由 `@modules/ai-trust` 的 `AITrustService` 统一封装（需求 16）。
+ * - 学习成果与里程碑模型复用 `@modules/learning-space` 的 `Achievement` 与
+ *   `Milestone`。
+ * - 能力标签校验复用 `@modules/competency-graph` 的 `CompetencyTagService`。
+ */
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+import { Achievement } from '@modules/learning-space';
+
+/**
+ * 形成性评价生成预算（毫秒，需求 2.1）。
+ *
+ * 需求 2.1 要求形成性评价在 30 秒内生成。采用与技能调用一致的超时竞速预算模式
+ * （见 skill-invocation.service.ts），超过该预算视为超时（需求 2.6，错误路径由
+ * 任务 6.2 实现）。
+ */
+export const FORMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * 终结性评价生成预算（毫秒）。
+ *
+ * 需求 2.2 未显式规定终结性评价的时限；为与形成性评价保持一致的生成时延上界，
+ * 终结性评价沿用同一 30 秒预算。
+ */
+export const SUMMATIVE_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * AI 评价所需的内容类别标识（需求 2.5）。
+ *
+ * 需求 2.5：若某条学习成果缺少 AI 评价所需的内容信息，则中止生成、保留数据不变，
+ * 并返回表明信息不足且说明缺失内容类别的提示。基于 `Achievement` 模型，能够支撑一次
+ * 有意义评价的最小内容信息为：
+ * - 成果类型（`type`）：决定评价的语境与维度（需求 2.4 的能力标签亦由类型推导）。
+ * - 成果标题（`title`）：评价正文与提示词的核心内容载体。
+ * - 成果时间（`occurredAt`）：评价的过程性定位（形成性/终结性均需要）。
+ *
+ * 这些类别名称会在信息不足时通过 `EvaluationError.insufficientContent()` 回传，
+ * 用于向学生说明"缺失的内容类别"。
+ */
+export const CONTENT_CATEGORY_TYPE = '成果类型';
+/** AI 评价所需内容类别：成果标题（需求 2.5）。 */
+export const CONTENT_CATEGORY_TITLE = '成果标题';
+/** AI 评价所需内容类别：成果时间（需求 2.5）。 */
+export const CONTENT_CATEGORY_TIME = '成果时间';
+
+/**
+ * 检查单条学习成果是否具备 AI 评价所需的内容信息（需求 2.5）。
+ *
+ * 返回缺失的内容类别列表（空列表表示内容充足）。判定规则：
+ * - 缺少 `type`（空/未定义）→ 缺失「成果类型」。
+ * - 缺少 `title`（未定义、空串或仅空白）→ 缺失「成果标题」。
+ * - 缺少有效 `occurredAt`（非 Date 或非有效日期）→ 缺失「成果时间」。
+ *
+ * 本函数为纯读取，不修改传入的成果对象（数据保全，Property 7）。
+ *
+ * @param achievement 待检查的学习成果。
+ * @returns 缺失内容类别列表，按「类型→标题→时间」固定顺序。
+ */
+export function findMissingContentCategories(
+  achievement: Achievement,
+): string[] {
+  const missing: string[] = [];
+
+  if (!achievement?.type) {
+    missing.push(CONTENT_CATEGORY_TYPE);
+  }
+
+  const title = achievement?.title;
+  if (typeof title !== 'string' || title.trim().length === 0) {
+    missing.push(CONTENT_CATEGORY_TITLE);
+  }
+
+  const occurredAt = achievement?.occurredAt;
+  const hasValidDate =
+    occurredAt instanceof Date && !Number.isNaN(occurredAt.getTime());
+  if (!hasValidDate) {
+    missing.push(CONTENT_CATEGORY_TIME);
+  }
+
+  return missing;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 评价类别（需求 2.1、2.2）。
+ */
+export enum EvaluationKind {
+  /** 形成性评价：针对单条学习成果的过程性反馈（需求 2.1）。 */
+  Formative = 'formative',
+  /** 终结性评价：针对里程碑节点内全部成果的总结性评价（需求 2.2）。 */
+  Summative = 'summative',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 发展建议（需求 2.4）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：每条发展建议引用能力图谱中的至少一个能力标签（`competencyTagIds`
+ * 非空且均为已定义标签），以指明该建议对应的能力维度（需求 2.4）。
+ */
+export interface Suggestion {
+  /** 建议文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /**
+   * 该建议引用的能力标签标识（≥1 个，均为能力图谱已定义标签，需求 2.4）。
+   */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 评价结果（需求 2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `annotation.sources` 至少包含一条依据（学习成果或权威知识源，需求 2.3）。
+ * - `suggestions` 中每条建议引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）。
+ */
+export interface Evaluation {
+  /** 评价唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 评价类别（形成性 / 终结性）。 */
+  kind: EvaluationKind;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /**
+   * 评价所针对的目标标识：
+   * - 形成性评价为学习成果 id（需求 2.1）。
+   * - 终结性评价为里程碑 id（需求 2.2）。
+   */
+  targetId: string;
+  /**
+   * 终结性评价所依据的学习成果 id 集合（需求 2.2）。
+   * 形成性评价为单条成果，故仅含一个元素。
+   */
+  achievementIds: string[];
+  /** 评价正文内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /**
+   * 可信度标注（需求 2.3、16）：列出该评价所依据的至少一条学习成果或权威知识源。
+   * 由 AI 可信层（`AITrustService`）统一封装。
+   */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 发展建议列表，每条引用 ≥1 能力标签（需求 2.4）。 */
+  suggestions: Suggestion[];
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  /** 评价生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// 对练薄弱环节改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8，对应 design.md 组件 2
+// `generateImprovementSuggestions(report)`）
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * 对练报告中的一个薄弱环节（需求 4.7 输入）。
+ *
+ * 课程对练引擎（Practice_Engine）将薄弱环节投影为本最小结构传入 AI 评估引擎，
+ * 避免 AI 评估引擎反向依赖课程对练引擎的领域模型（保持底座→业务的单向依赖）。
+ * 薄弱环节定义为该次对练中正确率低于 60% 的能力标签（需求 4.5）。
+ */
+export interface PracticeWeakArea {
+  /** 薄弱环节对应的能力标签标识（需求 4.7）。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 能力标签名称（可选，用于建议文案）。 */
+  tagName?: string;
+  /** 该标签的正确率（0-100，百分比）。 */
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 改进建议生成输入（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 承载对练报告中用于生成改进建议的最小信息：归属学生、报告引用与薄弱环节集合。
+ */
+export interface ImprovementSuggestionInput {
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源对练报告引用（用于溯源）。 */
+  reportId: string;
+  /** 薄弱环节集合（需求 4.5、4.7）。 */
+  weakAreas: PracticeWeakArea[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对练改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `competencyTagIds` 非空，引用该薄弱环节对应的能力标签（需求 4.7）。
+ * - `annotation` 携带取值范围 0%-100% 的置信度（需求 4.8），经 AI 可信层统一封装。
+ */
+export interface ImprovementSuggestion {
+  /** 建议文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** 该建议对应的能力标签标识（薄弱环节标签，需求 4.7）。 */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  /** 可信度标注（含 0%-100% 置信度，需求 4.8）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  trustOutputId: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/evaluation-error.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/evaluation-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92a626c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/evaluation-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { AppError } from '@common/errors';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+/**
+ * AI 评估引擎错误（需求 2）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `AIEvaluationService` 接口（`design.md` 组件 2）中
+ * `Result<Evaluation, EvaluationError>` 的错误载体，统一承载评价生成的各类
+ * 非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 本任务（6.1）只使用以下成功/跳过相关分支：
+ * - `noEvaluableAchievements()`：里程碑节点内不存在任何学习成果时，跳过终结性评价
+ *   生成并返回表明该节点无可评价学习成果的提示（需求 2.7）。
+ *
+ * 以下错误分支为评价错误路径（任务 6.2）预留，工厂方法在此一并定义，使 6.2 可直接
+ * 复用而无需改动调用方的错误处理结构：
+ * - `insufficientContent()`：内容信息不足，中止生成并说明缺失的内容类别（需求 2.5）。
+ * - `generationFailed()`：生成失败，中止生成并提示失败（需求 2.6）。
+ * - `timedOut()`：生成超出时限，中止生成并提示失败（需求 2.6，配合需求 2.1 的
+ *   30 秒预算）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量：任一错误分支都不得使触发评价的数据进入不一致状态——评价生成不修改
+ * 学习成果或里程碑数据，仅返回错误（数据保全，见 design.md 错误处理章节）。
+ */
+export class EvaluationError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 里程碑节点内无可评价学习成果的错误码（需求 2.7）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_NO_EVALUABLE_ACHIEVEMENTS =
+    'EVALUATION.NO_EVALUABLE_ACHIEVEMENTS';
+  /** 内容信息不足的错误码（需求 2.5，任务 6.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT =
+    'EVALUATION.INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT';
+  /** 生成失败的错误码（需求 2.6，任务 6.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_GENERATION_FAILED = 'EVALUATION.GENERATION_FAILED';
+  /** 生成超出时限的错误码（需求 2.6，任务 6.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TIMEOUT = 'EVALUATION.TIMEOUT';
+
+  /**
+   * 里程碑节点内不存在任何学习成果（需求 2.7）。
+   *
+   * 终结性评价基于节点内全部学习成果生成（需求 2.2）；当节点为空时跳过生成并返回
+   * 本提示。归类为校验类错误（前置条件未满足，而非系统/生成失败）。
+   */
+  static noEvaluableAchievements(milestoneId: string): EvaluationError {
+    return new EvaluationError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      EvaluationError.CODE_NO_EVALUABLE_ACHIEVEMENTS,
+      '该里程碑节点内无可评价的学习成果，已跳过终结性评价生成',
+      { milestoneId },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 内容信息不足，无法生成评价（需求 2.5，任务 6.2）。
+   *
+   * 说明缺失的内容类别，供上层提示学生补充。
+   */
+  static insufficientContent(missingCategories: string[]): EvaluationError {
+    return new EvaluationError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      EvaluationError.CODE_INSUFFICIENT_CONTENT,
+      `内容信息不足，无法生成评价：缺少 ${missingCategories.join('、')}`,
+      { missingCategories },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 生成失败（需求 2.6，任务 6.2）。 */
+  static generationFailed(reason?: string): EvaluationError {
+    return new EvaluationError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      EvaluationError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+      '评价生成失败，已中止本次生成',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 生成超出时限（需求 2.6，配合需求 2.1 的 30 秒预算，任务 6.2）。 */
+  static timedOut(limitMs: number): EvaluationError {
+    return new EvaluationError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      EvaluationError.CODE_TIMEOUT,
+      '评价生成超出时限，已中止本次生成',
+      { limitMs },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-evaluation/index.ts b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1d42a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-evaluation/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export * from './ai-evaluation.types';
+export * from './evaluation-error';
+export * from './ai-evaluation.service';
+export * from './ai-evaluation.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.module.ts b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88d2d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AITrustService } from './ai-trust.service';
+
+/**
+ * AI 可信层模块（横切关注点，需求 16）。
+ *
+ * 设计依据 design.md 组件 13「AI 可信层」：作为全系统的水平横切层，为所有产生
+ * AI 输出的业务模块（AI 评估引擎、临床情景对话对练、研究资料查询技能等）统一提供
+ * 可信度标注封装、依据查看与「未经核验」标注。
+ *
+ * 导出 `AITrustService` 供其他模块注入使用；本模块无外部依赖（纯横切工具），
+ * 可信度标注与来源结构复用 `@infra/ai-gateway` 的类型，无需引入 AI 网关模块。
+ */
+@Module({
+  providers: [AITrustService],
+  exports: [AITrustService],
+})
+export class AITrustModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f97ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+import { CredibilityAnnotation, SourceRef } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+import { AITrustService } from './ai-trust.service';
+import {
+  AIOutputKind,
+  MAX_CONFIDENCE,
+  MIN_CONFIDENCE,
+  RawAIOutput,
+  UNVERIFIED_LABEL,
+  clampConfidence,
+  isTraceable,
+} from './ai-trust.types';
+
+/**
+ * AI 可信层服务测试（需求 16.1、16.2、16.3、16.4）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 可信度标注封装：任意 AI 输出附带可信度标注（需求 16.1），含 ≥1 来源与
+ *   0%-100% 置信度（需求 16.2）。
+ * - 置信度钳制/校验：越界、非数值统一收敛到 0-100（需求 16.2）。
+ * - 依据查看：返回可追溯来源条目及其引用标识（需求 16.3）。
+ * - 未经核验标记：无法溯源时标注「未经核验」并随输出/呈现一并携带（需求 16.4）。
+ */
+describe('AITrustService（AI 可信层，需求 16）', () => {
+  let service: AITrustService;
+
+  const SOURCES: SourceRef[] = [
+    { id: 'src-1', title: '临床诊疗指南', citation: 'PMID:12345' },
+    { id: 'src-2', title: '内科学教材第 9 版', citation: 'ISBN-978' },
+  ];
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    service = new AITrustService();
+  });
+
+  describe('wrap：可信度标注封装（需求 16.1、16.2）', () => {
+    it('为 AI 输出附带可信度标注（需求 16.1）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: 'AI 形成性评价：临床推理较强。',
+        sources: SOURCES,
+        confidence: 88,
+        kind: AIOutputKind.Evaluation,
+      });
+
+      expect(output.annotation).toBeDefined();
+      expect(output.content).toBe('AI 形成性评价：临床推理较强。');
+      expect(output.kind).toBe(AIOutputKind.Evaluation);
+      expect(output.id).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(output.wrappedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+    });
+
+    it('标注包含至少一条来源与 0-100 置信度（需求 16.2）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: '建议加强体格检查训练。',
+        sources: SOURCES,
+        confidence: 75,
+        kind: AIOutputKind.Suggestion,
+      });
+
+      // ≥1 来源。
+      expect(output.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      expect(output.annotation.sources).toEqual(SOURCES);
+      // 置信度处于 0-100。
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBe(75);
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(MIN_CONFIDENCE);
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_CONFIDENCE);
+      // 可溯源 => verified。
+      expect(output.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(output.unverified).toBe(false);
+      expect(output.unverifiedLabel).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('优先采用 AI 网关返回的 annotation（需求 16.1、16.2）', () => {
+      const annotation: CredibilityAnnotation = {
+        sources: [{ id: 'src-x', title: 'UpToDate 条目', citation: 'UTD-1' }],
+        confidence: 92,
+        verified: true,
+      };
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: '资料总结结论。',
+        annotation,
+        // 同时提供 sources/confidence，应被 annotation 覆盖。
+        sources: [],
+        confidence: 10,
+        kind: AIOutputKind.Summary,
+      });
+
+      expect(output.annotation.sources).toEqual(annotation.sources);
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBe(92);
+      expect(output.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('默认 kind 为 Other（需求 16.1：覆盖任意 AI 输出）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({ content: '任意 AI 文本', sources: SOURCES });
+      expect(output.kind).toBe(AIOutputKind.Other);
+    });
+
+    it('封装输出为来源副本，外部数组改动不影响已封装标注（不可篡改）', () => {
+      const mutable: SourceRef[] = [{ id: 'src-1', title: 'A' }];
+      const output = service.wrap({ content: 'c', sources: mutable });
+      mutable.push({ id: 'src-2', title: 'B' });
+      mutable[0].title = 'changed';
+
+      expect(output.annotation.sources).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(output.annotation.sources[0].title).toBe('A');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('wrap：置信度钳制/校验（需求 16.2）', () => {
+    it.each([
+      [150, MAX_CONFIDENCE],
+      [101, MAX_CONFIDENCE],
+      [-5, MIN_CONFIDENCE],
+      [Number.NaN, MIN_CONFIDENCE],
+    ])('将越界/非法置信度 %p 钳制为 %p', (input, expected) => {
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: 'c',
+        sources: SOURCES,
+        confidence: input as number,
+      });
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBe(expected);
+    });
+
+    it('置信度缺省（可溯源）按 0 处理并保持在范围内', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({ content: 'c', sources: SOURCES });
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBe(MIN_CONFIDENCE);
+    });
+
+    it('边界值 0 与 100 原样保留', () => {
+      expect(
+        service.wrap({ content: 'c', sources: SOURCES, confidence: 0 })
+          .annotation.confidence,
+      ).toBe(0);
+      expect(
+        service.wrap({ content: 'c', sources: SOURCES, confidence: 100 })
+          .annotation.confidence,
+      ).toBe(100);
+    });
+
+    it('clampConfidence 工具函数行为正确', () => {
+      expect(clampConfidence(undefined)).toBe(0);
+      expect(clampConfidence(Number.NaN)).toBe(0);
+      expect(clampConfidence(-1)).toBe(0);
+      expect(clampConfidence(101)).toBe(100);
+      expect(clampConfidence(50)).toBe(50);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getEvidence：依据查看（需求 16.3）', () => {
+    it('返回可追溯来源条目及其引用标识', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: '评价内容',
+        sources: SOURCES,
+        confidence: 80,
+      });
+
+      const evidence = service.getEvidence(output);
+
+      expect(evidence.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(evidence.outputId).toBe(output.id);
+      expect(evidence.entries).toHaveLength(2);
+      // 来源条目含来源标识、标题与引用标识（需求 16.3）。
+      expect(evidence.entries[0]).toEqual({
+        sourceId: 'src-1',
+        title: '临床诊疗指南',
+        citation: 'PMID:12345',
+      });
+      expect(evidence.entries[1].sourceId).toBe('src-2');
+      expect(evidence.entries[1].citation).toBe('ISBN-978');
+      expect(evidence.unverifiedLabel).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(evidence.retrievedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+    });
+
+    it('按标识查看已封装输出的依据（需求 16.3）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: '评价内容',
+        sources: SOURCES,
+        confidence: 80,
+      });
+
+      const evidence = service.getEvidenceById(output.id);
+      expect(evidence).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(evidence?.entries.map((e) => e.sourceId)).toEqual([
+        'src-1',
+        'src-2',
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('未知标识返回 null', () => {
+      expect(service.getEvidenceById('non-existent')).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('依据查看为内存查表，远低于 3 秒上限（需求 16.3）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({ content: 'c', sources: SOURCES });
+      const start = Date.now();
+      service.getEvidence(output);
+      expect(Date.now() - start).toBeLessThan(3000);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('未经核验标记（需求 16.4）', () => {
+    const UNTRACEABLE_CASES: Array<[string, RawAIOutput]> = [
+      ['空 sources 数组', { content: '无依据输出', sources: [] }],
+      ['未提供 sources', { content: '无依据输出' }],
+      [
+        'annotation.sources 为空',
+        {
+          content: '无依据输出',
+          annotation: { sources: [], confidence: 50, verified: true },
+        },
+      ],
+    ];
+
+    it.each(UNTRACEABLE_CASES)(
+      '无法溯源（%s）时标注「未经核验」',
+      (_label, raw) => {
+        const output = service.wrap(raw);
+
+        expect(output.annotation.verified).toBe(false);
+        expect(output.unverified).toBe(true);
+        expect(output.unverifiedLabel).toBe(UNVERIFIED_LABEL);
+        expect(output.annotation.sources).toHaveLength(0);
+      },
+    );
+
+    it('无法溯源时即便提供了正置信度也归零（避免误导）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({
+        content: '无依据输出',
+        sources: [],
+        confidence: 90,
+      });
+      expect(output.annotation.confidence).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('查看无法溯源输出的依据时返回空条目并附「未经核验」标注（需求 16.4）', () => {
+      const output = service.wrap({ content: '无依据输出', sources: [] });
+      const evidence = service.getEvidence(output);
+
+      expect(evidence.verified).toBe(false);
+      expect(evidence.entries).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(evidence.unverifiedLabel).toBe(UNVERIFIED_LABEL);
+    });
+
+    it('呈现载荷在无法溯源时携带「未经核验」标注供呈现层显示（需求 16.4）', () => {
+      const unverified = service.wrap({ content: '无依据输出', sources: [] });
+      const verified = service.wrap({
+        content: '有依据输出',
+        sources: SOURCES,
+        confidence: 70,
+      });
+
+      const unverifiedPayload = service.toPresentation(unverified);
+      expect(unverifiedPayload.verified).toBe(false);
+      expect(unverifiedPayload.label).toBe(UNVERIFIED_LABEL);
+      expect(unverifiedPayload.content).toBe('无依据输出');
+
+      const verifiedPayload = service.toPresentation(verified);
+      expect(verifiedPayload.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(verifiedPayload.label).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('isTraceable 工具函数行为正确', () => {
+      expect(isTraceable(undefined)).toBe(false);
+      expect(isTraceable([])).toBe(false);
+      expect(isTraceable(SOURCES)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.service.ts b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ea2374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation, SourceRef } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+import {
+  AIOutputKind,
+  EvidenceEntry,
+  EvidenceView,
+  PresentationPayload,
+  RawAIOutput,
+  TrustWrappedOutput,
+  UNVERIFIED_LABEL,
+  clampConfidence,
+  isTraceable,
+} from './ai-trust.types';
+
+/**
+ * AI 可信层服务（横切关注点，需求 16）。
+ *
+ * 设计依据 design.md 组件 13「AI 可信层」：为全系统所有产生 AI 输出的模块统一
+ * 附加可信度标注与来源溯源，将「可信度标注 + 来源溯源 + 未经核验标记」集中到一层，
+ * 确保需求 16 在全系统一致生效。
+ *
+ * 职责：
+ * - `wrap()`：将一条 AI 原始输出封装为信任输出，附带可信度标注（≥1 来源 +
+ *   0%-100% 置信度，需求 16.1、16.2）；无法溯源时标注 `verified=false` 并携带
+ *   「未经核验」文案（需求 16.4）。置信度统一钳制到 0-100。
+ * - `getEvidence()` / `getEvidenceById()`：查看某条 AI 输出的依据，返回可追溯的
+ *   来源条目及其引用标识（需求 16.3）；无法溯源时返回空条目并附「未经核验」标注
+ *   （需求 16.4）。
+ * - `toPresentation()`：产出呈现载荷，使呈现层在展示无法溯源的输出时一并显示
+ *   「未经核验」标注（需求 16.4）。
+ *
+ * 复用底座类型（不重定义）：可信度标注与来源结构复用 `@infra/ai-gateway` 的
+ * `CredibilityAnnotation` 与 `SourceRef`。
+ *
+ * 持久化：信任封装输出在内存登记表（`registry`）中按 `id` 索引，供 `getEvidenceById`
+ * / 按标识查看依据。依据查看为内存查表（远低于需求 16.3 的 3 秒上限）。本服务为
+ * 纯横切工具，登记表为可选用途——调用方亦可持有 `TrustWrappedOutput` 直接调用
+ * `getEvidence(output)`，无需经登记表。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class AITrustService {
+  /** 信任封装输出登记表，按 `id` 索引，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  private readonly registry = new Map<string, TrustWrappedOutput>();
+
+  /**
+   * 将一条 AI 原始输出封装为信任输出（需求 16.1、16.2、16.4）。
+   *
+   * 规则：
+   * - 来源取 `raw.annotation.sources` 优先，其次 `raw.sources`，缺省为空数组。
+   * - 置信度取 `raw.annotation.confidence` 优先，其次 `raw.confidence`，并钳制到
+   *   0-100（需求 16.2）。
+   * - 当存在 ≥1 来源时视为可溯源：`verified=true`（需求 16.2）。
+   * - 当无任何来源时视为无法溯源：`verified=false`、`unverified=true`，并携带
+   *   「未经核验」文案 `unverifiedLabel`（需求 16.4），同时置信度归零（无依据时
+   *   不应保留正的置信度，避免误导）。
+   *
+   * 封装后的输出登记到内存表，便于后续按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。
+   */
+  wrap(raw: RawAIOutput): TrustWrappedOutput {
+    const sources = this.resolveSources(raw);
+    const verified = isTraceable(sources);
+
+    // 无法溯源时置信度归零：无依据不应保留正置信度（需求 16.4 语义）。
+    const rawConfidence = verified ? this.resolveConfidence(raw) : 0;
+    const confidence = clampConfidence(rawConfidence);
+
+    const annotation: CredibilityAnnotation = {
+      sources,
+      confidence,
+      verified,
+    };
+
+    const output: TrustWrappedOutput = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      content: raw.content,
+      kind: raw.kind ?? AIOutputKind.Other,
+      annotation,
+      unverified: !verified,
+      unverifiedLabel: verified ? undefined : UNVERIFIED_LABEL,
+      wrappedAt: new Date(),
+    };
+
+    this.registry.set(output.id, output);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 查看一条信任封装输出的依据（需求 16.3、16.4）。
+   *
+   * 返回该输出可追溯到的来源条目及其引用标识（需求 16.3）。若无法溯源，则 `entries`
+   * 为空、`verified=false` 且附「未经核验」标注（需求 16.4）。为内存内投影，远低于
+   * 需求 16.3 的 3 秒上限。
+   */
+  getEvidence(output: TrustWrappedOutput): EvidenceView {
+    const entries = output.annotation.sources.map(toEvidenceEntry);
+    return {
+      outputId: output.id,
+      verified: output.annotation.verified,
+      confidence: output.annotation.confidence,
+      entries,
+      unverifiedLabel: output.annotation.verified ? undefined : UNVERIFIED_LABEL,
+      retrievedAt: new Date(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按标识查看一条已封装 AI 输出的依据（需求 16.3）。
+   *
+   * 从内存登记表按 `id` 检索后委托 `getEvidence`。若标识不存在（未经本服务封装或
+   * 已不在登记表）则返回 `null`，由调用方决定提示。
+   */
+  getEvidenceById(outputId: string): EvidenceView | null {
+    const output = this.registry.get(outputId);
+    if (!output) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.getEvidence(output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 产出呈现载荷（需求 16.4）。
+   *
+   * 供呈现层展示 AI 输出：当输出无法溯源时携带「未经核验」标注 `label`，呈现层应在
+   * 展示内容时一并显示（需求 16.4）。
+   */
+  toPresentation(output: TrustWrappedOutput): PresentationPayload {
+    return {
+      outputId: output.id,
+      content: output.content,
+      confidence: output.annotation.confidence,
+      verified: output.annotation.verified,
+      label: output.annotation.verified ? undefined : UNVERIFIED_LABEL,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 解析来源：`annotation.sources` 优先，其次 `sources`，缺省为空数组。 */
+  private resolveSources(raw: RawAIOutput): SourceRef[] {
+    const sources = raw.annotation?.sources ?? raw.sources ?? [];
+    // 复制以避免外部数组后续改动影响已封装输出（不可篡改）。
+    return sources.map((source) => ({ ...source }));
+  }
+
+  /** 解析置信度：`annotation.confidence` 优先，其次 `confidence`。 */
+  private resolveConfidence(raw: RawAIOutput): number | undefined {
+    return raw.annotation?.confidence ?? raw.confidence;
+  }
+}
+
+/** 将一条来源引用投影为依据条目（需求 16.3）。 */
+function toEvidenceEntry(source: SourceRef): EvidenceEntry {
+  return {
+    sourceId: source.id,
+    title: source.title,
+    citation: source.citation,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.types.ts b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7beed69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-trust/ai-trust.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/**
+ * AI 可信层（横切关注点，需求 16）领域类型。
+ *
+ * 设计依据 design.md 组件 13「AI 可信层」：为全系统所有产生 AI 输出的模块
+ * （AI 评估引擎、临床情景对话对练、研究资料查询技能等）统一附加可信度标注与
+ * 来源溯源，避免各模块各自实现导致遗漏。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 16：
+ * - 16.1：任意 AI 评价/建议/总结附带可信度标注。
+ * - 16.2：可信度标注包含至少一条来源与 0%-100% 置信度。
+ * - 16.3：请求查看依据时展示可追溯来源条目及其引用标识。
+ * - 16.4：无法溯源的输出标注「未经核验」，并在呈现时一并显示该标注。
+ *
+ * 复用底座类型：本文件不重新定义可信度标注与来源结构，而是复用
+ * `@infra/ai-gateway` 暴露的 `CredibilityAnnotation` 与 `SourceRef`（见
+ * ai-gateway.types.ts），仅在其之上组合出 AI 可信层特有的「信任封装输出」与
+ * 「依据视图」类型。
+ */
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation, SourceRef } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+/**
+ * 「未经核验」标注文案（需求 16.4）。
+ *
+ * 当一条 AI 输出无法追溯到任何来源时，本系统将其标注为「未经核验」，并在向用户
+ * 呈现该输出时一并显示。该常量是全系统统一的标注文案，供 UI 与下游模块直接展示。
+ */
+export const UNVERIFIED_LABEL = '未经核验' as const;
+
+/** 置信度下界（需求 16.2：取值范围 0%-100%）。 */
+export const MIN_CONFIDENCE = 0 as const;
+
+/** 置信度上界（需求 16.2：取值范围 0%-100%）。 */
+export const MAX_CONFIDENCE = 100 as const;
+
+/**
+ * AI 输出类别（需求 16.1）。
+ *
+ * 需求 16.1 列举了需附带可信度标注的三类 AI 输出：评价、建议、总结。`Other`
+ * 用于覆盖其他类型的 AI 文本输出，保证「任意 AI 输出」均可经本层统一封装。
+ */
+export enum AIOutputKind {
+  /** AI 评价（形成性 / 终结性评价，需求 2）。 */
+  Evaluation = 'evaluation',
+  /** AI 发展建议 / 改进建议（需求 2.4、4.7）。 */
+  Suggestion = 'suggestion',
+  /** 资料总结（需求 11）。 */
+  Summary = 'summary',
+  /** 其他 AI 文本输出。 */
+  Other = 'other',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 待封装的 AI 原始输出（`AITrustService.wrap` 的输入）。
+ *
+ * 调用方可二选一地提供来源与置信度：
+ * - 直接提供 AI 网关返回的 `annotation`（`CredibilityAnnotation`）；或
+ * - 分别提供 `sources` 与 `confidence`。
+ * 两者同时提供时以 `annotation` 优先。来源缺省视为无法溯源（需求 16.4），置信度
+ * 缺省按 0 处理，并统一钳制到 0-100（需求 16.2）。
+ */
+export interface RawAIOutput {
+  /** AI 生成的文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** AI 网关返回的原始可信度标注（可选，优先于 `sources`/`confidence`）。 */
+  annotation?: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 依据来源（可选，当未提供 `annotation` 时使用）。 */
+  sources?: SourceRef[];
+  /** 原始置信度（可选，当未提供 `annotation` 时使用；将被钳制到 0-100）。 */
+  confidence?: number;
+  /** AI 输出类别（可选，默认 `Other`，需求 16.1）。 */
+  kind?: AIOutputKind;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 信任封装后的 AI 输出（`AITrustService.wrap` 的产物，需求 16.1、16.4）。
+ *
+ * 任意经本层封装的 AI 输出都携带可信度标注（需求 16.1）。当无法追溯到任何来源时，
+ * `verified === false` 且 `unverifiedLabel` 取「未经核验」文案——该标注随输出一并
+ * 携带，使呈现层（UI / 下游模块）能在展示该输出时直接显示（需求 16.4）。
+ */
+export interface TrustWrappedOutput {
+  /** 信任封装输出的唯一标识（供 `getEvidenceById` 按条溯源，需求 16.3）。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** AI 生成的文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** AI 输出类别（需求 16.1）。 */
+  kind: AIOutputKind;
+  /**
+   * 可信度标注（需求 16.1、16.2）。
+   * - `sources`：依据来源（≥1 条时可溯源）。
+   * - `confidence`：钳制后的置信度，恒处于 0-100（需求 16.2）。
+   * - `verified`：是否可溯源（等价于存在至少一条来源，需求 16.4）。
+   */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 是否无法溯源（`!annotation.verified` 的语义别名，需求 16.4）。 */
+  unverified: boolean;
+  /**
+   * 「未经核验」标注文案（需求 16.4）。
+   * 仅当无法溯源（`unverified === true`）时存在，取值为 `UNVERIFIED_LABEL`；
+   * 可溯源时为 `undefined`。呈现层据此决定是否显示该标注。
+   */
+  unverifiedLabel?: typeof UNVERIFIED_LABEL;
+  /** 封装时间。 */
+  wrappedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单条可追溯来源条目（需求 16.3）。
+ *
+ * 从 `SourceRef` 投影而来，包含来源标识、标题与引用标识，供「查看依据」呈现。
+ */
+export interface EvidenceEntry {
+  /** 来源标识。 */
+  sourceId: string;
+  /** 来源标题或简述。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 引用标识（如 DOI、PMID、章节编号；可选）。 */
+  citation?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 依据视图（`AITrustService.getEvidence` 的返回，需求 16.3、16.4）。
+ *
+ * 当用户请求查看某条 AI 输出的依据时返回：列出该输出可追溯到的来源条目及其引用
+ * 标识（`entries`，需求 16.3）。若该输出无法溯源，则 `entries` 为空、`verified`
+ * 为 false 且 `unverifiedLabel` 给出「未经核验」标注（需求 16.4）。
+ *
+ * 性能（需求 16.3：3 秒内）：依据查看为内存内投影 / 按标识查表（O(n) 来源条目，
+ * 通常为个位数），远低于 3 秒上限，不涉及外部 IO。
+ */
+export interface EvidenceView {
+  /** 所查看 AI 输出的标识。 */
+  outputId: string;
+  /** 该输出是否可溯源（需求 16.4）。 */
+  verified: boolean;
+  /** 钳制后的置信度，恒处于 0-100（需求 16.2）。 */
+  confidence: number;
+  /** 可追溯的来源条目及其引用标识（需求 16.3）。 */
+  entries: EvidenceEntry[];
+  /** 「未经核验」标注（仅在无法溯源时存在，需求 16.4）。 */
+  unverifiedLabel?: typeof UNVERIFIED_LABEL;
+  /** 依据查看时间。 */
+  retrievedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 呈现载荷（`AITrustService.toPresentation` 的返回，需求 16.4）。
+ *
+ * 供呈现层直接展示：内容 + 是否需显示「未经核验」标注。无法溯源时 `label` 取
+ * `UNVERIFIED_LABEL`，呈现层应在展示内容时一并显示该标注（需求 16.4）。
+ */
+export interface PresentationPayload {
+  /** 所呈现 AI 输出的标识。 */
+  outputId: string;
+  /** AI 生成的文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** 钳制后的置信度，恒处于 0-100（需求 16.2）。 */
+  confidence: number;
+  /** 是否可溯源。 */
+  verified: boolean;
+  /** 需随内容一并显示的「未经核验」标注（仅在无法溯源时存在，需求 16.4）。 */
+  label?: typeof UNVERIFIED_LABEL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 将一个置信度值钳制到合法范围 0-100（需求 16.2）。
+ *
+ * 非数值（`undefined` / `NaN`）按 0 处理；超出 `[0, 100]` 的值被收敛到边界。这是
+ * 可信度标注「置信度取值范围 0%-100%」不变量的判定核心，供服务与测试共用，保证
+ * 任意输入都不会产生越界置信度。
+ */
+export function clampConfidence(value: number | undefined): number {
+  if (value === undefined || Number.isNaN(value)) {
+    return MIN_CONFIDENCE;
+  }
+  if (value < MIN_CONFIDENCE) {
+    return MIN_CONFIDENCE;
+  }
+  if (value > MAX_CONFIDENCE) {
+    return MAX_CONFIDENCE;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判定一组来源是否可追溯（需求 16.2、16.4）。
+ *
+ * 当且仅当存在至少一条来源时返回 true。可溯源是「附带至少一条来源」（需求 16.2）
+ * 与「无法溯源标注未经核验」（需求 16.4）的判定核心。
+ */
+export function isTraceable(sources: readonly SourceRef[] | undefined): boolean {
+  return Array.isArray(sources) && sources.length >= 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ai-trust/index.ts b/src/modules/ai-trust/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..905cdd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ai-trust/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export * from './ai-trust.types';
+export * from './ai-trust.service';
+export * from './ai-trust.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth-error.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b15e6dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+/**
+ * 认证错误。
+ *
+ * 作为认证服务（注册 / 登录）`Result<T, AuthError>` 的错误载体，统一承载认证阶段的
+ * 各类非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层（含 HTTP 异常过滤器）映射
+ * 处理策略与状态码。
+ *
+ * 安全要点：登录失败一律返回**一致**的「用户名或口令错误」（`invalidCredentials`），
+ * 不区分「用户不存在」与「口令错误」，避免用户名枚举（账户探测）泄露。
+ */
+export class AuthError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 注册输入不合法（用户名/口令长度等）的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_INPUT = 'AUTH.INVALID_INPUT';
+  /** 用户名已存在的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_USERNAME_TAKEN = 'AUTH.USERNAME_TAKEN';
+  /** 凭据无效（用户名或口令错误）的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_CREDENTIALS = 'AUTH.INVALID_CREDENTIALS';
+  /** 账户已停用的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_ACCOUNT_DISABLED = 'AUTH.ACCOUNT_DISABLED';
+
+  /** 注册输入不合法（校验类）。 */
+  static invalidInput(reason: string, fields?: string[]): AuthError {
+    return new AuthError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      AuthError.CODE_INVALID_INPUT,
+      reason,
+      fields ? { fields } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 用户名已被占用（校验类）。 */
+  static usernameTaken(username: string): AuthError {
+    return new AuthError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      AuthError.CODE_USERNAME_TAKEN,
+      '该用户名已被注册',
+      { username },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 凭据无效（授权类）。
+   *
+   * 用户不存在与口令错误共用此错误，避免用户名枚举。
+   */
+  static invalidCredentials(): AuthError {
+    return new AuthError(
+      ErrorKind.Authorization,
+      AuthError.CODE_INVALID_CREDENTIALS,
+      '用户名或口令错误',
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 账户已停用（授权类）。 */
+  static accountDisabled(): AuthError {
+    return new AuthError(
+      ErrorKind.Authorization,
+      AuthError.CODE_ACCOUNT_DISABLED,
+      '账户已停用，请联系管理员',
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.config.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c534d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * 认证模块配置。
+ *
+ * JWT 密钥与有效期从环境变量读取（见 .env.example）。生产环境必须通过 `JWT_SECRET`
+ * 配置高强度密钥；未配置时回退到一个**仅供本地开发**的默认值，并在非开发环境下应
+ * 视为不安全（部署前务必覆盖）。
+ */
+
+/** JWT 默认有效期（秒）：2 小时。 */
+export const DEFAULT_JWT_EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS = 2 * 60 * 60;
+
+/**
+ * 仅供本地开发的回退密钥。
+ *
+ * 生产环境必须通过环境变量 `JWT_SECRET` 覆盖；切勿在生产使用此默认值。
+ */
+const DEV_FALLBACK_SECRET = 'college-ai-center-dev-secret-change-me';
+
+/** 解析 JWT 签名密钥（优先环境变量 `JWT_SECRET`）。 */
+export function resolveJwtSecret(): string {
+  const secret = process.env.JWT_SECRET;
+  if (secret && secret.trim() !== '') {
+    return secret;
+  }
+  return DEV_FALLBACK_SECRET;
+}
+
+/** 解析 JWT 有效期（秒，环境变量 `JWT_EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS`，缺省 2 小时）。 */
+export function resolveJwtExpiresInSeconds(): number {
+  const raw = process.env.JWT_EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS;
+  const parsed = raw ? parseInt(raw, 10) : NaN;
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed > 0
+    ? parsed
+    : DEFAULT_JWT_EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.controller.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23938f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import {
+  Body,
+  Controller,
+  Get,
+  HttpCode,
+  NotFoundException,
+  Post,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
+import { AuthResult, AuthenticatedUser } from './auth.types';
+import { CurrentUser, Public } from './decorators';
+import { LoginDto, RegisterDto } from './dto';
+
+/**
+ * 认证 HTTP 接口（`/api/auth`）。
+ *
+ * - `POST /api/auth/register`（公开）：注册账户并返回访问令牌。
+ * - `POST /api/auth/login`（公开）：登录并返回访问令牌。
+ * - `GET  /api/auth/me`（需认证）：返回当前认证身份。
+ *
+ * 注册/登录以 `@Public()` 放行全局 JWT 守卫；`/me` 需有效 Bearer 令牌。
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应。
+ */
+@Controller('api/auth')
+export class AuthController {
+  constructor(private readonly authService: AuthService) {}
+
+  /** 注册账户（公开）。 */
+  @Public()
+  @Post('register')
+  async register(@Body() dto: RegisterDto): Promise<AuthResult> {
+    const result = await this.authService.register({
+      username: dto.username,
+      password: dto.password,
+      role: dto.role,
+      displayName: dto.displayName,
+      id: dto.id,
+    });
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 登录（公开）。返回 200 而非 201。 */
+  @Public()
+  @Post('login')
+  @HttpCode(200)
+  async login(@Body() dto: LoginDto): Promise<AuthResult> {
+    const result = await this.authService.login(dto.username, dto.password);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 返回当前认证身份（需认证）。 */
+  @Get('me')
+  async me(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ): Promise<AuthenticatedUser> {
+    const profile = await this.authService.getProfile(user.id);
+    if (!profile) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('用户不存在');
+    }
+    return profile;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0756565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * 认证端到端 HTTP 测试。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局 JwtAuthGuard / RolesGuard / ValidationPipe），用 Node 内置
+ * fetch 对真实 HTTP 端点发起请求，验证：
+ * - 注册/登录返回令牌（公开端点放行）。
+ * - 受保护端点 `/api/auth/me` 无令牌 401、有令牌 200。
+ * - 校验管道拒绝非法注册体（400）。
+ * - 重复用户名 409、错误口令 401。
+ *
+ * 不依赖 supertest；使用全局 fetch（Node 18+）。默认走内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('Auth E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0); // 随机可用端口
+    const url = await app.getUrl();
+    // getUrl 可能返回 [::1]，规整为 127.0.0.1 以便 fetch。
+    baseUrl = url.replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const post = (path: string, body: unknown, token?: string) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify(body),
+    });
+
+  const get = (path: string, token?: string) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      headers: token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {},
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `user_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  it('注册 → 登录 → 访问受保护端点 /me 全流程', async () => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+
+    // 注册（公开）。
+    const regRes = await post('/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role: 'student',
+      displayName: '测试学生',
+    });
+    expect(regRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const reg = await regRes.json();
+    expect(reg.accessToken).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(reg.user.username).toBe(username);
+
+    // 登录（公开）返回 200。
+    const loginRes = await post('/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    expect(loginRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const login = await loginRes.json();
+    const token = login.accessToken;
+    expect(token).toBeTruthy();
+
+    // /me 需认证：带令牌 200。
+    const meRes = await get('/api/auth/me', token);
+    expect(meRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const me = await meRes.json();
+    expect(me.username).toBe(username);
+    expect(me.role).toBe('student');
+  });
+
+  it('无令牌访问受保护端点返回 401', async () => {
+    const res = await get('/api/auth/me');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('无效令牌访问受保护端点返回 401', async () => {
+    const res = await get('/api/auth/me', 'garbage.token.value');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('注册体不合法（口令过短）返回 400', async () => {
+    const res = await post('/api/auth/register', {
+      username: unique(),
+      password: 'short',
+      role: 'student',
+      displayName: 'X',
+    });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('注册体角色非法返回 400', async () => {
+    const res = await post('/api/auth/register', {
+      username: unique(),
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+      role: 'hacker',
+      displayName: 'X',
+    });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('重复用户名返回 409', async () => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const body = {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+      role: 'student',
+      displayName: '测试',
+    };
+    const first = await post('/api/auth/register', body);
+    expect(first.status).toBe(201);
+    const second = await post('/api/auth/register', {
+      ...body,
+      displayName: '另一个',
+    });
+    expect(second.status).toBe(409);
+  });
+
+  it('错误口令登录返回 401', async () => {
+    const username = unique();
+    await post('/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+      role: 'mentor',
+      displayName: '导师',
+    });
+    const res = await post('/api/auth/login', {
+      username,
+      password: 'wrongpassword',
+    });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.module.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e54702a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import { Logger, Module, type OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { APP_GUARD } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { JwtModule } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+
+import { AuthController } from './auth.controller';
+import {
+  resolveJwtExpiresInSeconds,
+  resolveJwtSecret,
+} from './auth.config';
+import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
+import { AUTH_REPOSITORY, PASSWORD_HASHER } from './auth.types';
+import { BcryptPasswordHasher } from './bcrypt-password-hasher';
+import { UserAccountEntity } from './entities/user-account.entity';
+import { JwtAuthGuard } from './jwt-auth.guard';
+import { InMemoryAuthRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-auth.repository';
+import { TypeOrmAuthRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-auth.repository';
+import { RolesGuard } from './roles.guard';
+import {
+  isSeedTestAccountsEnabled,
+  SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS,
+} from './seed-accounts';
+
+/** 认证模块持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const AUTH_ENTITIES = [UserAccountEntity];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: AUTH_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmAuthRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryAuthRepository,
+      {
+        provide: AUTH_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryAuthRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 认证模块。
+ *
+ * 提供全系统统一的身份认证与基于角色的访问控制：
+ * - `AuthService`：注册 / 登录 / 令牌校验（bcrypt 口令哈希 + 签名 JWT）。
+ * - `AuthController`：`/api/auth/register|login|me`。
+ * - 全局守卫（默认安全）：`JwtAuthGuard` 经 `APP_GUARD` 注册为全局守卫，所有端点默认
+ *   需认证，`@Public()` 端点放行；`RolesGuard` 紧随其后做角色级访问控制
+ *   （配合 `@Roles(...)`）。
+ *
+ * 角色复用合规模块的全系统规范角色（`Role`），与权限判定（需求 17）共用同一词表。
+ *
+ * 导出 `AuthService`、`PASSWORD_HASHER` 等供其他模块（如管理员初始化、测试）复用。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    JwtModule.register({
+      secret: resolveJwtSecret(),
+      signOptions: { expiresIn: resolveJwtExpiresInSeconds() },
+    }),
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled() ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(AUTH_ENTITIES)] : []),
+  ],
+  controllers: [AuthController],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    BcryptPasswordHasher,
+    {
+      provide: PASSWORD_HASHER,
+      useExisting: BcryptPasswordHasher,
+    },
+    AuthService,
+    // 全局守卫：先认证（JWT），后角色校验。APP_GUARD 顺序即注册顺序。
+    {
+      provide: APP_GUARD,
+      useClass: JwtAuthGuard,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: APP_GUARD,
+      useClass: RolesGuard,
+    },
+  ],
+  exports: [AuthService, AUTH_REPOSITORY, PASSWORD_HASHER],
+})
+export class AuthModule implements OnModuleInit {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(AuthModule.name);
+
+  constructor(private readonly authService: AuthService) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 应用启动时幂等创建三个内置测试账户（学生 / 导师 / 管理员），便于本地联调与三端
+   * 演示。已存在的账户（用户名已占用）会被跳过、不覆盖、不报错。
+   *
+   * 可通过 `SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS=false` 关闭（如生产环境）。
+   */
+  async onModuleInit(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!isSeedTestAccountsEnabled()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const account of SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS) {
+      const result = await this.authService.register({
+        id: account.id,
+        username: account.username,
+        password: account.password,
+        role: account.role,
+        displayName: account.displayName,
+      });
+      // 已存在（用户名已占用）属预期：保持幂等，仅跳过。
+      if (result.ok) {
+        this.logger.log(
+          `已创建测试账户：${account.username}（${account.roleLabel}）`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..146e44a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AuthError } from './auth-error';
+import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
+import { Role } from './auth.types';
+import { BcryptPasswordHasher } from './bcrypt-password-hasher';
+import { InMemoryAuthRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-auth.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 认证服务单元测试。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：注册（成功 / 校验失败 / 用户名占用）、登录（成功 / 凭据错误 / 停用）、
+ * 令牌签发与校验、口令仅以哈希存储、用户名枚举防护（用户不存在与口令错误返回一致）。
+ */
+describe('AuthService 认证服务', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryAuthRepository;
+  let service: AuthService;
+
+  const jwt = new JwtService({
+    secret: 'test-secret',
+    signOptions: { expiresIn: 3600 },
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryAuthRepository();
+    service = new AuthService(repository, new BcryptPasswordHasher(), jwt);
+  });
+
+  const validRegister = {
+    username: 'alice',
+    password: 'sup3rsecret',
+    role: Role.Student,
+    displayName: '爱丽丝',
+  };
+
+  describe('注册', () => {
+    it('注册成功返回访问令牌与用户公开信息，且不泄露口令哈希', async () => {
+      const result = await service.register(validRegister);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      expect(result.value.accessToken).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(result.value.expiresIn).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.value.user.username).toBe('alice');
+      expect(result.value.user.role).toBe(Role.Student);
+      // 公开信息不含任何口令字段。
+      expect(JSON.stringify(result.value.user)).not.toContain('password');
+    });
+
+    it('账户仅存储口令哈希，绝不存明文', async () => {
+      await service.register(validRegister);
+      const account = await repository.findByUsername('alice');
+      expect(account).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(account?.passwordHash).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(account?.passwordHash).not.toBe(validRegister.password);
+      // bcrypt 哈希前缀。
+      expect(account?.passwordHash.startsWith('$2')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('用户名过短时拒绝注册且不创建账户（校验类）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.register({ ...validRegister, username: 'ab' });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(AuthError.CODE_INVALID_INPUT);
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAccounts()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('口令过短时拒绝注册（安全下限）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.register({
+        ...validRegister,
+        password: 'short',
+      });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(AuthError.CODE_INVALID_INPUT);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('用户名已占用时拒绝（大小写不敏感）', async () => {
+      await service.register(validRegister);
+      const result = await service.register({
+        ...validRegister,
+        username: 'ALICE',
+        displayName: '另一个',
+      });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(AuthError.CODE_USERNAME_TAKEN);
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAccounts()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('学生角色可指定 id（对齐既有 studentId）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.register({
+        ...validRegister,
+        id: 'stu-001',
+      });
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.user.id).toBe('stu-001');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('登录', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await service.register(validRegister);
+    });
+
+    it('正确凭据登录成功并签发可校验的令牌', async () => {
+      const result = await service.login('alice', 'sup3rsecret');
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const verified = await service.verifyToken(result.value.accessToken);
+      expect(isOk(verified)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(verified)) {
+        expect(verified.value.username).toBe('alice');
+        expect(verified.value.role).toBe(Role.Student);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('口令错误时返回一致的凭据错误（授权类）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.login('alice', 'wrongpassword');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Authorization);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(AuthError.CODE_INVALID_CREDENTIALS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('用户不存在时返回与口令错误一致的错误（防用户名枚举）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.login('nobody', 'whatever123');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        // 与口令错误同码，不区分「用户不存在」。
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(AuthError.CODE_INVALID_CREDENTIALS);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('令牌校验', () => {
+    it('无效令牌返回凭据错误', async () => {
+      const result = await service.verifyToken('not-a-valid-token');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(AuthError.CODE_INVALID_CREDENTIALS);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.service.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a72770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AuthError } from './auth-error';
+import { resolveJwtExpiresInSeconds } from './auth.config';
+import {
+  AUTH_REPOSITORY,
+  AuthRepository,
+  AuthResult,
+  AuthenticatedUser,
+  JwtPayload,
+  MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
+  MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH,
+  MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
+  MIN_USERNAME_LENGTH,
+  PASSWORD_HASHER,
+  PasswordHasher,
+  RegisterInput,
+  Role,
+  UserAccount,
+} from './auth.types';
+
+/**
+ * 认证服务。
+ *
+ * 提供注册、登录与令牌校验：
+ * - `register()`：校验输入、用户名唯一性，对口令做 bcrypt 哈希后创建账户，签发令牌。
+ * - `login()`：按用户名查账户、恒定时间口令比较、停用校验，成功签发 JWT。
+ * - `verifyToken()`：校验并解析 JWT，还原认证身份（供守卫使用）。
+ *
+ * 安全要点：
+ * - 绝不存储/记录明文口令；账户仅持有 bcrypt 哈希。
+ * - 登录失败一律返回一致的「用户名或口令错误」，避免用户名枚举。
+ * - 即便用户名不存在也执行一次哈希比较（dummy），以抹平响应时间差，进一步抵御
+ *   基于时序的账户探测。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class AuthService {
+  /**
+   * 用于「用户不存在」分支的占位哈希，确保仍执行一次 bcrypt 比较以抹平时序差异。
+   * 这是一个对随机口令生成的合法 bcrypt 哈希，任何真实口令都不会匹配。
+   */
+  private dummyHashPromise?: Promise<string>;
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AUTH_REPOSITORY) private readonly repository: AuthRepository,
+    @Inject(PASSWORD_HASHER) private readonly hasher: PasswordHasher,
+    private readonly jwtService: JwtService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 注册新账户并签发访问令牌。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验用户名/口令/角色/展示名（长度与取值）；不合法则拒绝、不创建账户。
+   * 2. 校验用户名唯一（大小写不敏感）；已占用则拒绝。
+   * 3. 对口令做 bcrypt 哈希，创建账户（仅存哈希），签发 JWT。
+   *
+   * @param input 注册输入（明文口令仅在此短暂存在，不落库）。
+   */
+  async register(
+    input: RegisterInput,
+  ): Promise<Result<AuthResult, AuthError>> {
+    const validation = this.validateRegisterInput(input);
+    if (validation) {
+      return err(validation);
+    }
+
+    const username = input.username.trim();
+    const existing = await this.repository.findByUsername(username);
+    if (existing) {
+      return err(AuthError.usernameTaken(username));
+    }
+
+    const passwordHash = await this.hasher.hash(input.password);
+    const account: UserAccount = {
+      id: input.id?.trim() || randomUUID(),
+      username,
+      passwordHash,
+      role: input.role,
+      displayName: input.displayName.trim(),
+      disabled: false,
+      createdAt: new Date(),
+    };
+    const created = await this.repository.createAccount(account);
+    return ok(this.issueToken(created));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 登录：校验凭据并签发访问令牌。
+   *
+   * 失败一律返回一致的 `invalidCredentials`（不区分用户不存在/口令错误）；用户不存在
+   * 时仍执行一次哈希比较以抹平时序差异。账户停用时返回 `accountDisabled`。
+   *
+   * @param username 登录用户名。
+   * @param password 明文口令（仅在此短暂存在，不落库）。
+   */
+  async login(
+    username: string,
+    password: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<AuthResult, AuthError>> {
+    const account = await this.repository.findByUsername(
+      (username ?? '').trim(),
+    );
+
+    if (!account) {
+      // 抹平时序：对占位哈希执行一次比较，再返回一致的凭据错误。
+      await this.hasher.compare(password ?? '', await this.getDummyHash());
+      return err(AuthError.invalidCredentials());
+    }
+
+    const matches = await this.hasher.compare(
+      password ?? '',
+      account.passwordHash,
+    );
+    if (!matches) {
+      return err(AuthError.invalidCredentials());
+    }
+
+    if (account.disabled) {
+      return err(AuthError.accountDisabled());
+    }
+
+    return ok(this.issueToken(account));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 校验并解析访问令牌，还原认证身份（供 JWT 守卫使用）。
+   *
+   * 令牌签名无效、过期或结构非法时返回 `invalidCredentials`。
+   *
+   * @param token 访问令牌（不含 Bearer 前缀）。
+   */
+  async verifyToken(
+    token: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<AuthenticatedUser, AuthError>> {
+    try {
+      const payload = await this.jwtService.verifyAsync<JwtPayload>(token);
+      if (!payload?.sub || !payload?.role) {
+        return err(AuthError.invalidCredentials());
+      }
+      return ok({
+        id: payload.sub,
+        username: payload.username,
+        role: payload.role,
+      });
+    } catch {
+      return err(AuthError.invalidCredentials());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 读取某用户的公开信息（供 /auth/me 等使用）。 */
+  async getProfile(userId: string): Promise<AuthenticatedUser | null> {
+    const account = await this.repository.findById(userId);
+    if (!account) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return {
+      id: account.id,
+      username: account.username,
+      role: account.role,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 内部辅助
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** 由账户签发 JWT 并组装登录结果。 */
+  private issueToken(account: UserAccount): AuthResult {
+    const payload: JwtPayload = {
+      sub: account.id,
+      role: account.role,
+      username: account.username,
+    };
+    const expiresIn = resolveJwtExpiresInSeconds();
+    const accessToken = this.jwtService.sign(payload, { expiresIn });
+    return {
+      accessToken,
+      expiresIn,
+      user: {
+        id: account.id,
+        username: account.username,
+        role: account.role,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 校验注册输入；返回错误或 undefined（通过）。 */
+  private validateRegisterInput(input: RegisterInput): AuthError | undefined {
+    const username = (input.username ?? '').trim();
+    if (
+      username.length < MIN_USERNAME_LENGTH ||
+      username.length > MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH
+    ) {
+      return AuthError.invalidInput(
+        `用户名长度须在 ${MIN_USERNAME_LENGTH}-${MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH} 之间`,
+        ['username'],
+      );
+    }
+    const password = input.password ?? '';
+    if (
+      password.length < MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH ||
+      password.length > MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH
+    ) {
+      return AuthError.invalidInput(
+        `口令长度须在 ${MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH}-${MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH} 之间`,
+        ['password'],
+      );
+    }
+    if (!Object.values(Role).includes(input.role)) {
+      return AuthError.invalidInput('角色取值非法', ['role']);
+    }
+    if (!input.displayName || input.displayName.trim() === '') {
+      return AuthError.invalidInput('展示名不能为空', ['displayName']);
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  /** 惰性生成占位哈希（用于登录时抹平时序差异）。 */
+  private getDummyHash(): Promise<string> {
+    if (!this.dummyHashPromise) {
+      this.dummyHashPromise = this.hasher.hash(randomUUID());
+    }
+    return this.dummyHashPromise;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/auth.types.ts b/src/modules/auth/auth.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87c5926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/auth.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/**
+ * 认证模块（Auth）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 认证模块为全系统提供统一的身份认证（注册 / 登录 / 令牌签发与校验）与基于角色的
+ * 访问控制基础设施。角色复用合规模块的全系统规范角色 `Role`
+ * （`@modules/compliance`：student / mentor / administrator），使认证身份与合规权限
+ * 判定（需求 17）共用同一角色词表。
+ *
+ * 设计风格与其余模块一致：领域模型 + 仓库接口 + DI 令牌，默认绑定内存实现，
+ * 可在 `DB_ENABLED=true` 时切换为 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 实现而业务代码无需改动。
+ *
+ * 安全要点：
+ * - 账户仅存储口令的哈希（`passwordHash`，bcrypt），绝不存储明文口令。
+ * - 令牌为签名 JWT，载荷仅含必要的身份信息（用户标识、角色、用户名）。
+ */
+
+// 直接从合规模块的类型文件导入 Role，避免经由 barrel（index.ts）引入
+// compliance.controller → @modules/auth 的循环依赖。
+import { Role } from '@modules/compliance/compliance.types';
+
+/** 重新导出全系统规范角色，便于认证模块消费方统一引用。 */
+export { Role };
+
+/**
+ * 用户账户（认证主体）。
+ *
+ * `id` 为全系统用户唯一标识：当角色为学生（`Role.Student`）时，该 `id` 即用作各业务
+ * 模块中引用的 `studentId`（学习空间、画像、对练等），从而认证身份与领域数据天然
+ * 对齐，无需额外映射。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `username` 在系统内唯一（登录标识）。
+ * - `passwordHash` 为 bcrypt 哈希，绝不存储明文。
+ * - `disabled` 为 true 时禁止登录（账户停用）。
+ */
+export interface UserAccount {
+  /** 用户唯一标识（学生角色时即 studentId）。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 登录用户名（唯一）。 */
+  username: string;
+  /** 口令哈希（bcrypt，绝不存明文）。 */
+  passwordHash: string;
+  /** 角色（全系统规范角色）。 */
+  role: Role;
+  /** 展示名。 */
+  displayName: string;
+  /** 是否停用（停用账户禁止登录）。 */
+  disabled: boolean;
+  /** 账户创建时间。 */
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 认证身份（请求上下文中的当前用户）。
+ *
+ * 由 JWT 守卫从校验通过的令牌还原并附加到请求对象，供 Controller 与角色守卫使用。
+ * 仅含必要身份信息，不含口令哈希等敏感字段。
+ */
+export interface AuthenticatedUser {
+  /** 用户唯一标识（学生角色时即 studentId）。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 用户名。 */
+  username: string;
+  /** 角色。 */
+  role: Role;
+}
+
+/**
+ * JWT 载荷。
+ *
+ * `sub` 为标准的主体（用户标识）声明；`role` / `username` 为便于守卫与审计的附加声明。
+ */
+export interface JwtPayload {
+  /** 主体（用户标识）。 */
+  sub: string;
+  /** 角色。 */
+  role: Role;
+  /** 用户名。 */
+  username: string;
+}
+
+/** 注册输入。 */
+export interface RegisterInput {
+  /** 登录用户名（唯一）。 */
+  username: string;
+  /** 明文口令（仅在注册/登录入口短暂存在，不落库）。 */
+  password: string;
+  /** 角色。 */
+  role: Role;
+  /** 展示名。 */
+  displayName: string;
+  /**
+   * 可选的指定用户标识。
+   *
+   * 缺省时由服务生成。学生注册时可用于将账户 `id` 对齐到既有领域 `studentId`；
+   * 一般留空由系统生成。
+   */
+  id?: string;
+}
+
+/** 登录成功结果：签发的访问令牌与用户公开信息。 */
+export interface AuthResult {
+  /** 访问令牌（签名 JWT）。 */
+  accessToken: string;
+  /** 令牌有效期（秒）。 */
+  expiresIn: number;
+  /** 用户公开信息（不含口令哈希）。 */
+  user: AuthenticatedUser;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 认证模块持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现：既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于
+ * 测试与默认装配。
+ */
+export interface AuthRepository {
+  /** 新建用户账户（调用方已确保用户名唯一）。 */
+  createAccount(account: UserAccount): Promise<UserAccount>;
+  /** 按用户名查找账户，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findByUsername(username: string): Promise<UserAccount | null>;
+  /** 按用户标识查找账户，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findById(id: string): Promise<UserAccount | null>;
+  /** 统计账户总数。 */
+  countAccounts(): Promise<number>;
+}
+
+/** 认证模块持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const AUTH_REPOSITORY = Symbol('AUTH_REPOSITORY');
+
+/** 口令哈希服务的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const PASSWORD_HASHER = Symbol('PASSWORD_HASHER');
+
+/**
+ * 口令哈希服务抽象。
+ *
+ * 将口令哈希算法与具体实现解耦，便于测试替换与未来算法演进。默认实现基于 bcrypt。
+ */
+export interface PasswordHasher {
+  /** 对明文口令生成哈希（含盐）。 */
+  hash(plain: string): Promise<string>;
+  /** 校验明文口令与哈希是否匹配。 */
+  compare(plain: string, hash: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+/** 用户名最小长度。 */
+export const MIN_USERNAME_LENGTH = 3;
+
+/** 用户名最大长度。 */
+export const MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH = 64;
+
+/** 口令最小长度（安全下限）。 */
+export const MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 8;
+
+/** 口令最大长度（防御性上界，避免超长输入引发 bcrypt 截断风险）。 */
+export const MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 128;
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/bcrypt-password-hasher.ts b/src/modules/auth/bcrypt-password-hasher.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54d6883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/bcrypt-password-hasher.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import * as bcrypt from 'bcryptjs';
+
+import { PasswordHasher } from './auth.types';
+
+/** bcrypt 加盐轮数（cost factor）。10 为安全与性能的常用平衡点。 */
+const BCRYPT_SALT_ROUNDS = 10;
+
+/**
+ * 基于 bcrypt 的口令哈希服务。
+ *
+ * 使用 `bcryptjs`（纯 JS 实现，跨平台无需本地编译）。`hash` 自动生成随机盐并嵌入
+ * 输出，`compare` 为恒定时间比较，抵御时序攻击。绝不存储或记录明文口令。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class BcryptPasswordHasher implements PasswordHasher {
+  async hash(plain: string): Promise<string> {
+    return bcrypt.hash(plain, BCRYPT_SALT_ROUNDS);
+  }
+
+  async compare(plain: string, hash: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return bcrypt.compare(plain, hash);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/decorators.ts b/src/modules/auth/decorators.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f44c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/decorators.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { ExecutionContext, SetMetadata, createParamDecorator } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, Role } from './auth.types';
+
+/** 元数据键：标记公开端点（跳过 JWT 守卫）。 */
+export const IS_PUBLIC_KEY = 'auth:isPublic';
+
+/**
+ * `@Public()`：将端点标记为公开，跳过全局 JWT 守卫。
+ *
+ * 全系统默认安全（所有端点需认证）；仅注册/登录等少数入口用此装饰器放行。
+ */
+export const Public = (): MethodDecorator & ClassDecorator =>
+  SetMetadata(IS_PUBLIC_KEY, true);
+
+/** 元数据键：标记端点允许的角色集合。 */
+export const ROLES_KEY = 'auth:roles';
+
+/**
+ * `@Roles(...roles)`：限定可访问端点的角色（配合 `RolesGuard`）。
+ *
+ * 未标注时不限制角色（仅需通过认证）。标注后，仅当前用户角色在允许集合内方可访问。
+ */
+export const Roles = (...roles: Role[]): MethodDecorator & ClassDecorator =>
+  SetMetadata(ROLES_KEY, roles);
+
+/**
+ * `@CurrentUser()`：从请求中注入当前认证身份（由 JWT 守卫附加）。
+ *
+ * 用法：`handler(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser)`。
+ */
+export const CurrentUser = createParamDecorator(
+  (_data: unknown, ctx: ExecutionContext): AuthenticatedUser | undefined => {
+    const request = ctx.switchToHttp().getRequest<{
+      user?: AuthenticatedUser;
+    }>();
+    return request.user;
+  },
+);
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/dto.ts b/src/modules/auth/dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad68949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import {
+  IsEnum,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  Length,
+  MaxLength,
+} from 'class-validator';
+
+import {
+  MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
+  MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH,
+  MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
+  MIN_USERNAME_LENGTH,
+  Role,
+} from './auth.types';
+
+/**
+ * 注册请求体。
+ *
+ * 经全局 `ValidationPipe`（whitelist + transform）校验：剔除非白名单字段、约束长度
+ * 与角色取值。口令长度上下界与服务层一致，做前置防御。
+ */
+export class RegisterDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @Length(MIN_USERNAME_LENGTH, MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH)
+  username!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @Length(MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH, MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH)
+  password!: string;
+
+  @IsEnum(Role)
+  role!: Role;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  displayName!: string;
+
+  /** 可选指定用户标识（学生角色时可对齐既有 studentId）。 */
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  id?: string;
+}
+
+/** 登录请求体。 */
+export class LoginDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH)
+  username!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH)
+  password!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/entities/user-account.entity.ts b/src/modules/auth/entities/user-account.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4fc93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/entities/user-account.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+// 直接从合规模块类型文件导入，避免经由 barrel 触发与 @modules/auth 的循环依赖。
+import { Role } from '@modules/compliance/compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 用户账户持久化实体。
+ *
+ * 表示一个认证主体。`id` 为全系统用户唯一标识（学生角色时即 studentId）。`username`
+ * 唯一（登录标识），建唯一索引。`passwordHash` 存 bcrypt 哈希（绝不存明文）。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'user_accounts' })
+export class UserAccountEntity {
+  /** 用户唯一标识（业务主键；学生角色时即 studentId）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 登录用户名（唯一）。 */
+  @Index({ unique: true })
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  username!: string;
+
+  /** 口令哈希（bcrypt，绝不存明文）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  passwordHash!: string;
+
+  /** 角色（全系统规范角色）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  role!: Role;
+
+  /** 展示名。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  displayName!: string;
+
+  /** 是否停用（停用账户禁止登录）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean', default: false })
+  disabled!: boolean;
+
+  /** 账户创建时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  createdAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/index.ts b/src/modules/auth/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16cd00c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+export * from './auth.types';
+export * from './auth-error';
+export * from './auth.config';
+export * from './bcrypt-password-hasher';
+export * from './decorators';
+export * from './dto';
+export * from './jwt-auth.guard';
+export * from './roles.guard';
+export * from './auth.service';
+export * from './auth.controller';
+export * from './entities/user-account.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-auth.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-auth.repository';
+export * from './auth.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/jwt-auth.guard.ts b/src/modules/auth/jwt-auth.guard.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e773f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/jwt-auth.guard.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import {
+  CanActivate,
+  ExecutionContext,
+  Injectable,
+  UnauthorizedException,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core';
+
+import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
+import { AuthenticatedUser } from './auth.types';
+import { IS_PUBLIC_KEY } from './decorators';
+import { isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+/**
+ * 全局 JWT 认证守卫（默认安全）。
+ *
+ * 注册为全局守卫后，所有端点默认需要有效的 Bearer 访问令牌；以 `@Public()` 标记的
+ * 端点（注册/登录等）跳过校验。校验通过后，将认证身份附加到 `request.user`，供
+ * `@CurrentUser()` 与 `RolesGuard` 使用。
+ *
+ * 安全要点：缺失/格式错误/无效/过期令牌一律返回 401，不泄露具体原因。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class JwtAuthGuard implements CanActivate {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly reflector: Reflector,
+    private readonly authService: AuthService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): Promise<boolean> {
+    // 公开端点：跳过认证。
+    const isPublic = this.reflector.getAllAndOverride<boolean>(IS_PUBLIC_KEY, [
+      context.getHandler(),
+      context.getClass(),
+    ]);
+    if (isPublic) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest<{
+      headers: Record<string, string | undefined>;
+      user?: AuthenticatedUser;
+    }>();
+    const token = this.extractBearerToken(request.headers.authorization);
+    if (!token) {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('缺少访问令牌');
+    }
+
+    const result = await this.authService.verifyToken(token);
+    if (!isOk(result)) {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('访问令牌无效或已过期');
+    }
+
+    request.user = result.value;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** 从 `Authorization: Bearer <token>` 提取令牌；格式不符返回 null。 */
+  private extractBearerToken(header: string | undefined): string | null {
+    if (!header) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const [scheme, token] = header.split(' ');
+    if (scheme !== 'Bearer' || !token) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return token;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/repositories/in-memory-auth.repository.ts b/src/modules/auth/repositories/in-memory-auth.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc17bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/repositories/in-memory-auth.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthRepository, UserAccount } from '../auth.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版认证仓库。
+ *
+ * 无需数据库即可工作，作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时提供。
+ *
+ * 用户名唯一性以 `byUsername` 索引维护；进出仓库的账户均深拷贝（含 Date），避免外部
+ * 引用篡改内部状态。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryAuthRepository implements AuthRepository {
+  /** 账户，按 id 索引。 */
+  private readonly byId = new Map<string, UserAccount>();
+  /** 用户名 → id 索引（小写归一，保证大小写不敏感的唯一性）。 */
+  private readonly byUsername = new Map<string, string>();
+
+  async createAccount(account: UserAccount): Promise<UserAccount> {
+    const stored = this.clone(account);
+    this.byId.set(stored.id, stored);
+    this.byUsername.set(stored.username.toLowerCase(), stored.id);
+    return this.clone(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findByUsername(username: string): Promise<UserAccount | null> {
+    const id = this.byUsername.get(username.toLowerCase());
+    if (!id) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const found = this.byId.get(id);
+    return found ? this.clone(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<UserAccount | null> {
+    const found = this.byId.get(id);
+    return found ? this.clone(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async countAccounts(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.byId.size;
+  }
+
+  private clone(account: UserAccount): UserAccount {
+    return { ...account, createdAt: new Date(account.createdAt) };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/repositories/typeorm-auth.repository.ts b/src/modules/auth/repositories/typeorm-auth.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdf702a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/repositories/typeorm-auth.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { AuthRepository, UserAccount } from '../auth.types';
+import { UserAccountEntity } from '../entities/user-account.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的认证仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 与内存实现共享 `AuthRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。用户名唯一性由实体上的
+ * 唯一索引在数据库层保证；按用户名查询大小写不敏感（小写归一）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmAuthRepository implements AuthRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(UserAccountEntity)
+    private readonly accountRepo: Repository<UserAccountEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async createAccount(account: UserAccount): Promise<UserAccount> {
+    const entity = this.accountRepo.create({
+      id: account.id,
+      username: account.username,
+      passwordHash: account.passwordHash,
+      role: account.role,
+      displayName: account.displayName,
+      disabled: account.disabled,
+      createdAt: account.createdAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.accountRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toAccount(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findByUsername(username: string): Promise<UserAccount | null> {
+    // 大小写不敏感匹配（与内存实现一致）。
+    const found = await this.accountRepo
+      .createQueryBuilder('account')
+      .where('LOWER(account.username) = LOWER(:username)', { username })
+      .getOne();
+    return found ? this.toAccount(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<UserAccount | null> {
+    const found = await this.accountRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toAccount(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async countAccounts(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.accountRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  private toAccount(entity: UserAccountEntity): UserAccount {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      username: entity.username,
+      passwordHash: entity.passwordHash,
+      role: entity.role,
+      displayName: entity.displayName,
+      disabled: entity.disabled,
+      createdAt: new Date(entity.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/roles.guard.ts b/src/modules/auth/roles.guard.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbd3ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/roles.guard.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import {
+  CanActivate,
+  ExecutionContext,
+  ForbiddenException,
+  Injectable,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, Role } from './auth.types';
+import { ROLES_KEY } from './decorators';
+
+/**
+ * 基于角色的访问守卫（配合 `@Roles(...)`）。
+ *
+ * 在全局 JWT 守卫之后运行：当端点以 `@Roles(...)` 限定角色时，仅当 `request.user` 的
+ * 角色在允许集合内方可访问，否则 403。未标注 `@Roles` 的端点不受角色限制（仅需认证）。
+ *
+ * 说明：这是粗粒度的角色级访问控制；细粒度的资源级判定（如带教关系、画像授权）仍由
+ * 合规模块（需求 7、15、17）在 service 层负责。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class RolesGuard implements CanActivate {
+  constructor(private readonly reflector: Reflector) {}
+
+  canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): boolean {
+    const requiredRoles = this.reflector.getAllAndOverride<Role[] | undefined>(
+      ROLES_KEY,
+      [context.getHandler(), context.getClass()],
+    );
+    if (!requiredRoles || requiredRoles.length === 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest<{
+      user?: AuthenticatedUser;
+    }>();
+    const user = request.user;
+    if (!user || !requiredRoles.includes(user.role)) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException('当前角色无权访问该资源');
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/seed-accounts.ts b/src/modules/auth/seed-accounts.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ecbc34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/auth/seed-accounts.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { Role, type RegisterInput } from './auth.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内置测试账户（便于本地联调与三端演示）。
+ *
+ * 三个固定账户分别对应学生 / 导师 / 管理员三种角色，使用稳定的用户名与口令；
+ * 应用启动时由 `AuthModule` 幂等创建（已存在则跳过，不覆盖、不报错）。
+ *
+ * 安全说明：这些为**仅供开发/演示**的弱口令账户。可通过环境变量
+ * `SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS=false` 关闭种子（如在生产环境）；默认开启以便联调。
+ *
+ * 学生账户使用固定 `id`，使其作为各业务模块中的 `studentId` 稳定可预期
+ * （学生角色的账户 `id` 即 `studentId`）。
+ */
+export interface SeedAccount extends RegisterInput {
+  /** 角色中文名（仅用于前端展示/日志）。 */
+  roleLabel: string;
+}
+
+/** 三个内置测试账户（学生 / 导师 / 管理员）。 */
+export const SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS: readonly SeedAccount[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'student-demo',
+    username: 'student',
+    password: 'student123',
+    role: Role.Student,
+    displayName: '测试学生',
+    roleLabel: '学生',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'mentor-demo',
+    username: 'mentor',
+    password: 'mentor123',
+    role: Role.Mentor,
+    displayName: '测试导师',
+    roleLabel: '导师',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'admin-demo',
+    username: 'admin',
+    password: 'admin123',
+    role: Role.Administrator,
+    displayName: '测试管理员',
+    roleLabel: '管理员',
+  },
+];
+
+/** 是否启用测试账户种子（默认启用；`SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS=false` 关闭）。 */
+export function isSeedTestAccountsEnabled(): boolean {
+  return (process.env.SEED_TEST_ACCOUNTS ?? 'true').toLowerCase() !== 'false';
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career-error.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..811929b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import { CareerGoalRef } from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块错误（需求 8、需求 9）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `CareerModule` 接口（`design.md` 组件 6）中
+ * `Result<CompetencyModel, GoalError>` 的错误载体，统一承载职业目标设定与
+ * 胜任力模型关联的各类非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射
+ * 处理策略。
+ *
+ * 本任务（10.1）覆盖的错误分支：
+ * - `invalidGoal()`：职业目标缺少必填字段（标识或名称），拒绝设定且不创建记录（校验类）。
+ * - `unsupportedGoal()`：目标无匹配岗位胜任力模型，提示暂不支持并**随错误携带**
+ *   ≥3 个相近可选目标推荐（需求 8.4，校验类）。
+ * - `associationFailed()`：关联岗位胜任力模型过程发生系统错误，提示关联失败并保留
+ *   学生已设定的职业目标（需求 8.5，系统类）。
+ * - `associationTimedOut()`：关联超出 3 秒时限（需求 8.1 的预算），按系统错误处理，
+ *   提示关联失败并保留已设定目标（需求 8.5，系统类）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（Property 7）：任一错误分支都不得使触发关联的数据进入不一致状态——
+ * - 校验/无匹配/系统错误时均**不写入**新的目标关联记录；
+ * - 若学生此前已设定职业目标，则保留其不变（需求 8.5，数据保全，见 design.md
+ *   错误处理章节）。
+ */
+export class GoalError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  /** 暂不支持目标时推荐的相近可选目标（需求 8.4，仅 `unsupportedGoal` 时存在）。 */
+  readonly recommendedGoals?: readonly CareerGoalRef[];
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+    recommendedGoals?: readonly CareerGoalRef[],
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+    if (recommendedGoals) {
+      this.recommendedGoals = Object.freeze([...recommendedGoals]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 职业目标缺少必填字段的错误码（需求 8.1）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_GOAL = 'CAREER.INVALID_GOAL';
+  /** 职业目标暂不支持（无匹配岗位胜任力模型）的错误码（需求 8.4）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL = 'CAREER.UNSUPPORTED_GOAL';
+  /** 关联岗位胜任力模型发生系统错误的错误码（需求 8.5）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED = 'CAREER.ASSOCIATION_FAILED';
+  /** 关联岗位胜任力模型超出时限的错误码（需求 8.1、8.5）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT = 'CAREER.ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT';
+
+  /**
+   * 职业目标缺少必填字段（标识或名称），无法设定（需求 8.1）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝设定、不创建任何记录，返回指明缺失字段的校验错误（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static invalidGoal(missingFields: string[]): GoalError {
+    return new GoalError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      GoalError.CODE_INVALID_GOAL,
+      `职业目标缺少必填字段：${missingFields.join('、')}`,
+      { missingFields },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 职业目标暂不支持：无匹配的岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.4）。
+   *
+   * 提示该目标暂不支持，并随错误携带至少 3 个相近的可选目标推荐（需求 8.4）。
+   * 不写入任何目标关联记录，保留学生此前已设定的目标不变（数据保全）。
+   *
+   * @param goalId 暂不支持的职业目标标识。
+   * @param recommendedGoals 推荐的相近可选目标（应 ≥3，需求 8.4）。
+   */
+  static unsupportedGoal(
+    goalId: string,
+    recommendedGoals: readonly CareerGoalRef[],
+  ): GoalError {
+    return new GoalError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      GoalError.CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL,
+      '该职业目标暂不支持，已为你推荐相近的可选目标',
+      {
+        goalId,
+        recommendedGoalIds: recommendedGoals.map((g) => g.id),
+      },
+      recommendedGoals,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 关联岗位胜任力模型过程发生系统错误（需求 8.5）。
+   *
+   * 向学生显示指示关联失败的错误提示，并保留学生已设定的职业目标（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static associationFailed(reason?: string): GoalError {
+    return new GoalError(
+      ErrorKind.System,
+      GoalError.CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED,
+      '关联岗位胜任力模型失败，已保留你已设定的职业目标',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 关联岗位胜任力模型超出时限（需求 8.1 的 3 秒预算，按系统错误处理，需求 8.5）。
+   *
+   * 中止本次关联、提示关联失败，并保留学生已设定的职业目标（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static associationTimedOut(limitMs: number): GoalError {
+    return new GoalError(
+      ErrorKind.System,
+      GoalError.CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT,
+      '关联岗位胜任力模型超出时限，已保留你已设定的职业目标',
+      { limitMs },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.controller.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ec2f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import {
+  GenerateDevelopmentPlanDto,
+  SetCareerGoalDto,
+} from './career.dto';
+import { CareerService } from './career.service';
+import {
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  CompetencyModel,
+  DevelopmentPlan,
+} from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块 HTTP 接口（`/api/career`，需求 8、需求 9）。
+ *
+ * 全部端点面向**学生本人**（`Role.Student`）：归属学生取自认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受请求体/路径中的 studentId，避免越权操作他人数据
+ * （学生角色的 `id` 即 `studentId`）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `POST /api/career/goal`：设定职业目标并关联岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1-8.5）。
+ * - `GET  /api/career/goal`：读取当前已设定的职业目标关联（需求 8.5、任务 10.2）。
+ * - `POST /api/career/development-plan`：生成动态闭环发展规划（需求 9.1-9.7）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应。其中目标暂不支持
+ * （`GoalError.unsupportedGoal`）的相近目标推荐承载于错误 `details`/`recommendedGoals`，
+ * 经 `AppError.toJSON()` 随错误响应体返回客户端（需求 8.4）。
+ */
+@Controller('api/career')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class CareerController {
+  constructor(private readonly career: CareerService) {}
+
+  /** 设定职业目标并关联岗位胜任力模型（学生本人，需求 8.1-8.5）。 */
+  @Post('goal')
+  async setCareerGoal(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() dto: SetCareerGoalDto,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyModel> {
+    const result = await this.career.setCareerGoal(user.id, {
+      id: dto.id,
+      title: dto.title,
+      description: dto.description,
+    });
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 读取当前已设定的职业目标关联（学生本人；未设定时返回 null，需求 8.5）。 */
+  @Get('goal')
+  async getGoalAssociation(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation | null> {
+    return this.career.getGoalAssociation(user.id);
+  }
+
+  /** 生成动态闭环发展规划（学生本人，需求 9.1-9.7）。 */
+  @Post('development-plan')
+  async generateDevelopmentPlan(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() dto: GenerateDevelopmentPlanDto,
+  ): Promise<DevelopmentPlan> {
+    const result = await this.career.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+      user.id,
+      dto.goalId,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.dto.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42d9744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { IsOptional, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块请求体 DTO（需求 8、需求 9）。
+ *
+ * 遵循 learning-space / clinical-dialogue 既有约定：仅承载请求体字段的 class-validator
+ * 校验；归属学生取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser().id`），不在请求体中传 studentId（防越权）。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 设定职业目标请求体（需求 8.1）。
+ *
+ * 对应 `CareerGoal`：`id` 用于在岗位胜任力模型目录中查找对应模型；`title` 为展示名称；
+ * `description` 可选。Controller 将其原样作为 `CareerGoal` 交给 service。
+ */
+export class SetCareerGoalDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  id!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  title!: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(1024)
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 生成动态闭环发展规划请求体（需求 9.1、9.6）。
+ *
+ * `goalId` 须与学生已设定的职业目标一致（由 service 校验）。
+ */
+export class GenerateDevelopmentPlanDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  goalId!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab15660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { CompetencyTagService } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 8、需求 9）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生设定职业目标（内置目标 `goal.clinical-physician`）→ 返回岗位胜任力模型
+ *   （四维度齐全）；随后据此生成动态闭环发展规划。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 非学生角色（导师）访问学生端点被拒（403，角色守卫）。
+ * - 校验失败（缺 id/title）返回 400。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('Career E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    // 装载能力图谱默认统一标签体系：岗位胜任力模型分解所引用的能力标签须为
+    // 能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.3、14.1），否则关联校验失败。
+    await app.get(CompetencyTagService).seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `s_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('学生设定职业目标 → 返回岗位胜任力模型 → 生成发展规划', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    // 设定内置职业目标（临床医师）。
+    const goalRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/career/goal',
+      { id: 'goal.clinical-physician', title: '临床医师' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(goalRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const model = await goalRes.json();
+    expect(model.goalId).toBe('goal.clinical-physician');
+    // 需求 8.2：岗位胜任力模型恰含四个能力维度。
+    expect(Array.isArray(model.dimensions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(model.dimensions.length).toBe(4);
+    // 需求 8.3：每维度 ≥3 个能力标签。
+    expect(
+      model.dimensions.every(
+        (d: { competencyTags: unknown[] }) => d.competencyTags.length >= 3,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    // 读取当前已设定目标关联。
+    const getRes = await req('GET', '/api/career/goal', undefined, token);
+    expect(getRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const association = await getRes.json();
+    expect(association.goal.id).toBe('goal.clinical-physician');
+
+    // 据此生成动态闭环发展规划（需求 9）。
+    const planRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/career/development-plan',
+      { goalId: 'goal.clinical-physician' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(planRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const plan = await planRes.json();
+    expect(plan.goalId).toBe('goal.clinical-physician');
+    expect(Array.isArray(plan.gaps)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/career/goal');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色访问被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/career/goal', undefined, mentorToken);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('缺必填字段返回 400', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/career/goal',
+      { title: '缺 id' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.module.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebbf722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { CareerController } from './career.controller';
+import { CareerService } from './career.service';
+import {
+  CAREER_CLOCK,
+  CAREER_REPOSITORY,
+  COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER,
+  LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER,
+} from './career.types';
+import { CareerGoalAssociationEntity } from './entities/career-goal-association.entity';
+import { buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider } from './mock-competency-model.provider';
+import { buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider } from './mock-learning-resource.provider';
+import { InMemoryCareerRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-career.repository';
+import { TypeOrmCareerRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-career.repository';
+import { SystemCareerClock } from './system-career-clock';
+
+/** 职业规划模块持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const CAREER_ENTITIES = [CareerGoalAssociationEntity];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 8、9 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: CAREER_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmCareerRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryCareerRepository,
+      {
+        provide: CAREER_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryCareerRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块（Career_Module，需求 8、需求 9，对应 design.md 组件 6）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现任务 10.1（职业目标设定与岗位胜任力分解）：
+ * - `setCareerGoal()`：3 秒内将职业目标关联到对应岗位胜任力模型并展示（需求 8.1）。
+ * - 岗位胜任力模型参照权威医学胜任力框架，含科学与学术/临床能力/健康与社会/职业素养
+ *   四维度（需求 8.2），每维度分解为 ≥3 个能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.3、14.1）。
+ * - 无匹配模型时提示暂不支持并推荐 ≥3 相近目标（需求 8.4）；关联系统错误/超时时提示
+ *   失败并保留学生已设定的职业目标（需求 8.5）。
+ *
+ * 任务 10.2（`generateDevelopmentPlan()` 动态闭环发展规划）将在本模块内补充；为此本模块
+ * 的类型与持久化已预留（目标关联携带目标与模型、能力标签携带目标水平），届时将按
+ * design.md 依赖关系引入 `ProfileEngineModule` 以对照学生能力图谱数据。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`（底座）：经 `CompetencyTagService` 校验岗位胜任力模型分解
+ *   所引用的能力标签均为能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.3、14.1），并解析标签名称用于展示。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `CAREER_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现（`InMemoryCareerRepository`），
+ * 无需数据库即可运行，承载需求 8.5「保留已设定目标」与任务 10.2 读取当前目标。
+ *
+ * 岗位胜任力模型目录提供方 `COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER`：默认绑定内存可配置 mock 实现
+ * （装配了多个内置医学岗位模型与受支持目标），后续可替换为对接真实岗位胜任力模型库的
+ * 适配器，通过令牌注入无需改动业务代码。
+ *
+ * 关联计时时钟 `CAREER_CLOCK`：默认绑定系统时钟（`SystemCareerClock`），用于关联/
+ * 模型生成时间戳；测试可注入可控时钟替代。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(CAREER_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    {
+      provide: COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER,
+      useFactory: buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER,
+      useFactory: buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider,
+    },
+    SystemCareerClock,
+    {
+      provide: CAREER_CLOCK,
+      useExisting: SystemCareerClock,
+    },
+    CareerService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [CareerController],
+  exports: [
+    CareerService,
+    CAREER_REPOSITORY,
+    COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER,
+    LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER,
+    CAREER_CLOCK,
+  ],
+})
+export class CareerModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6890fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { CareerService } from './career.service';
+import { GoalError } from './career-error';
+import { PlanError } from './plan-error';
+import {
+  CAREER_REPOSITORY,
+  CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED,
+  CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT,
+  CODE_INVALID_GOAL,
+  CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST,
+  CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE,
+  CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL,
+  CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL,
+  COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS,
+  CareerGoal,
+  CompetencyModelDimension,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_FRAMEWORK,
+  LearningResourceType,
+  MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS,
+  MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION,
+  NO_COMPETENCY_DATA,
+  NO_RESOURCE_RECOMMENDATION_NOTE,
+} from './career.types';
+import {
+  buildDefaultModelBlueprint,
+  buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider,
+  MockCompetencyModelProvider,
+} from './mock-competency-model.provider';
+import {
+  buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider,
+  EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG,
+  MockLearningResourceProvider,
+} from './mock-learning-resource.provider';
+import { InMemoryCareerRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-career.repository';
+import { CareerClock } from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块服务单元测试（任务 10.1，需求 8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4、8.5）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 目标设定成功（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3）：3 秒内关联岗位胜任力模型；模型四维度齐全、
+ *   每维度 ≥3 个能力图谱已定义标签；目标关联被持久化。
+ * - 无匹配模型（需求 8.4）：提示暂不支持并推荐 ≥3 个相近可选目标；不写入记录。
+ * - 系统错误/超时（需求 8.5）：提示关联失败并保留学生已设定的职业目标不变。
+ * - 入参校验（需求 8.1）：缺失字段时拒绝设定且不创建记录。
+ */
+
+/** 可控时钟：测试精确驱动关联/模型生成时间戳。 */
+class FakeClock implements CareerClock {
+  private current: Date;
+  constructor(start: Date) {
+    this.current = new Date(start);
+  }
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.current);
+  }
+  advance(ms: number): void {
+    this.current = new Date(this.current.getTime() + ms);
+  }
+}
+
+interface Harness {
+  service: CareerService;
+  provider: MockCompetencyModelProvider;
+  repository: InMemoryCareerRepository;
+  tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  resourceProvider: MockLearningResourceProvider;
+  clock: FakeClock;
+}
+
+const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+async function makeHarness(
+  start = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+): Promise<Harness> {
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+
+  const provider = buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider();
+  const repository = new InMemoryCareerRepository();
+  const resourceProvider = buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider();
+  const clock = new FakeClock(start);
+
+  const service = new CareerService(
+    provider,
+    repository,
+    clock,
+    tagService,
+    graphRepo,
+    resourceProvider,
+  );
+
+  return {
+    service,
+    provider,
+    repository,
+    tagService,
+    mappingService,
+    graphRepo,
+    resourceProvider,
+    clock,
+  };
+}
+
+const clinicalGoal: CareerGoal = {
+  id: 'goal.clinical-physician',
+  title: '临床医师',
+};
+
+describe('CareerService 职业规划模块（需求 8）', () => {
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 目标设定与胜任力模型关联（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('设定目标并关联胜任力模型（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3）', () => {
+    it('关联到对应岗位胜任力模型并返回供展示（需求 8.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const model = result.value;
+        expect(model.goalId).toBe(clinicalGoal.id);
+        expect(model.goalTitle).toBe(clinicalGoal.title);
+        // 参照权威医学胜任力框架（需求 8.2）。
+        expect(model.framework).toBe(DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_FRAMEWORK);
+        expect(model.generatedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 3 秒内完成关联（需求 8.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(3_000);
+    });
+
+    it('模型恰含科学与学术/临床能力/健康与社会/职业素养四个维度（需求 8.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const dims = result.value.dimensions.map((d) => d.dimension);
+        expect(dims.length).toBe(COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS.length);
+        for (const dimension of COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS) {
+          expect(dims).toContain(dimension);
+        }
+        // 维度齐全且无重复。
+        expect(new Set(dims).size).toBe(COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS.length);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('每个能力维度至少包含 3 个能力标签（需求 8.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const group of result.value.dimensions) {
+          expect(group.competencyTags.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+            MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION,
+          );
+          // 同一维度内标签去重。
+          const ids = group.competencyTags.map((t) => t.tagId);
+          expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('模型分解所引用的能力标签均为能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.3、14.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const definedTags = await h.tagService.listTags();
+      const definedTagIds = new Set(definedTags.map((t) => t.id));
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const group of result.value.dimensions) {
+          for (const tag of group.competencyTags) {
+            expect(definedTagIds.has(tag.tagId)).toBe(true);
+            // 标签名称由能力图谱解析。
+            expect(tag.tagName).toBeTruthy();
+            // 携带目标水平供任务 10.2 对照（需求 9.1），且有界 [0,100]。
+            expect(tag.requiredLevel).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+            expect(tag.requiredLevel).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+            expect(tag.dimension).toBe(group.dimension);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('成功关联后持久化学生已设定目标与模型（需求 8.1、8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      const association = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+      expect(association).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(association?.goal.id).toBe(clinicalGoal.id);
+      expect(association?.model.goalId).toBe(clinicalGoal.id);
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('重新设定目标时按学生覆盖写入（保留单一当前目标）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.surgeon',
+        title: '外科医师',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      const association = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+      expect(association?.goal.id).toBe('goal.surgeon');
+      // 一个学生仅保留一个当前目标。
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 无匹配模型（需求 8.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('无匹配模型时提示并推荐相近目标（需求 8.4）', () => {
+    it('暂不支持时返回提示并推荐至少 3 个相近可选目标（需求 8.4）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const unsupported: CareerGoal = {
+        id: 'goal.unknown-occupation',
+        title: '未知岗位',
+      };
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, unsupported);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL);
+        // 推荐 ≥3 个相近可选目标（需求 8.4）。
+        const recommended = result.error.recommendedGoals ?? [];
+        expect(recommended.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS);
+        // 推荐目标不含目标本身，且互不重复。
+        const ids = recommended.map((g) => g.id);
+        expect(ids).not.toContain(unsupported.id);
+        expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('暂不支持时不写入任何目标关联记录（数据保全，需求 8.4）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.unknown-occupation',
+        title: '未知岗位',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(0);
+      expect(await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId)).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('暂不支持时保留学生此前已设定的职业目标不变（需求 8.4、8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 先成功设定一个目标。
+      await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+      const before = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+
+      // 再设定一个暂不支持的目标。
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.unknown-occupation',
+        title: '未知岗位',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      // 已设定目标保持不变。
+      const after = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+      expect(after?.goal.id).toBe(before?.goal.id);
+      expect(after?.model.id).toBe(before?.model.id);
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 关联系统错误/超时（需求 8.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('关联系统错误时提示并保留已设目标（需求 8.5）', () => {
+    it('关联过程发生系统错误时返回失败提示（需求 8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      h.provider.setFailMode('throw');
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('关联系统错误时保留学生已设定的职业目标不变（需求 8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 先成功设定一个目标。
+      await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+      const before = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+
+      // 再设定时关联系统错误。
+      h.provider.setFailMode('throw');
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.surgeon',
+        title: '外科医师',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      // 数据保全：已设定目标保持不变（需求 8.5）。
+      const after = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+      expect(after?.goal.id).toBe(before?.goal.id);
+      expect(after?.model.id).toBe(before?.model.id);
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('关联系统错误且学生此前无已设目标时不创建任何记录（需求 8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      h.provider.setFailMode('throw');
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('关联超出 3 秒预算时按系统错误处理并保留已设目标（需求 8.1、8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 先成功设定一个目标。
+      await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+      const before = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+
+      // 注入极短预算定向触发超时竞速分支：从原型取真实实现，spy 覆盖后以极短预算调用。
+      const tinyBudget = 1;
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(h.service) as {
+        associateWithBudget: (goal: unknown, budgetMs: number) => unknown;
+      };
+      const originalFn = proto.associateWithBudget;
+      const spy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'associateWithBudget')
+        .mockImplementation(function (this: unknown, goal: unknown) {
+          return originalFn.call(this, goal, tinyBudget);
+        });
+      // 让模型库解析前延迟，超过极短预算，确保命中超时分支而非失败分支。
+      h.provider.setFailMode('none', 50);
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.surgeon',
+        title: '外科医师',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT);
+        expect(result.error.details?.limitMs).toBe(tinyBudget);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：已设定目标保持不变（需求 8.5）。
+      const after = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+      expect(after?.goal.id).toBe(before?.goal.id);
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(1);
+
+      spy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('模型配置不合法（引用未定义能力标签）时按关联失败处理（需求 8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 登记一个引用未定义标签的非法模型蓝本。
+      const invalid = buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.invalid', '非法岗位');
+      invalid.dimensions[0].requirements.push({
+        tagId: 'tag.does-not-exist',
+        requiredLevel: 80,
+      });
+      h.provider.setModelBlueprint(invalid);
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.invalid',
+        title: '非法岗位',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED);
+      }
+      // 不写入记录（数据保全）。
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('模型某维度能力标签不足 3 个时按关联失败处理（需求 8.3、8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const deficient = buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.deficient', '能力不足岗位');
+      // 将科学与学术维度的标签裁剪到不足 3 个。
+      const science = deficient.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship,
+      )!;
+      science.requirements = science.requirements.slice(0, 2);
+      h.provider.setModelBlueprint(deficient);
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: 'goal.deficient',
+        title: '能力不足岗位',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 入参校验（需求 8.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('入参校验（需求 8.1）', () => {
+    it('缺失学生标识时拒绝设定且不创建记录（需求 8.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal('', clinicalGoal);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_INVALID_GOAL);
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('studentId');
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('缺失职业目标标识与名称时拒绝设定且不创建记录（需求 8.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, {
+        id: '',
+        title: '',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_INVALID_GOAL);
+        const missing = result.error.details?.missingFields as string[];
+        expect(missing).toContain('goal.id');
+        expect(missing).toContain('goal.title');
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countGoalAssociations()).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 读取当前目标（需求 8.5、任务 10.2 预留）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('读取当前已设定目标', () => {
+    it('返回学生当前已设定的目标关联（需求 8.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      const association = await h.service.getGoalAssociation(studentId);
+
+      expect(association?.goal.id).toBe(clinicalGoal.id);
+      expect(association?.model.dimensions.length).toBe(
+        COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS.length,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('未设定目标时返回 null', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      expect(await h.service.getGoalAssociation('stu-none')).toBeNull();
+      expect(await h.service.getGoalAssociation('')).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 动态闭环发展规划（任务 10.2，需求 9.1-9.7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('动态闭环发展规划 generateDevelopmentPlan（需求 9）', () => {
+    /** 目标岗位：临床医师（临床能力要求 85，其余维度要求 80）。 */
+    const clinicalGoalId = 'goal.clinical-physician';
+
+    /** 通过新增一条带分值映射，设定某能力标签的当前水平。 */
+    async function setTagLevel(
+      h: Harness,
+      tagId: string,
+      score: number,
+      referenceId = `ref-${tagId}-${score}`,
+    ): Promise<void> {
+      const result = await h.mappingService.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.PracticeEngine,
+        { studentId, referenceId, score },
+        [tagId],
+      );
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    }
+
+    /** 在差距列表中按 tagId 查找差距项。 */
+    function findGap(
+      gaps: { tagId: string }[],
+      tagId: string,
+    ): { tagId: string } | undefined {
+      return gaps.find((g) => g.tagId === tagId);
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 逐项对照与差距标记（需求 9.1）
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    describe('逐项对照能力水平与要求、标记差距项（需求 9.1）', () => {
+      it('学生水平低于要求水平的能力项被标记为数值差距项（需求 9.1）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // 要求 80，当前 50 → 数值差距项。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 50);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const gap = result.value.gaps.find(
+            (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+          );
+          expect(gap).toBeDefined();
+          expect(gap?.missingData).toBe(false);
+          expect(gap?.currentLevel).toBe(50);
+          expect(gap?.requiredLevel).toBe(80);
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('学生水平达到/超过要求水平的能力项不计入差距项（需求 9.1）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // 要求 80，当前 90 → 非差距项；当前 80（恰达标）→ 非差距项。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 90);
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.clinical', 80);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          expect(
+            findGap(result.value.gaps, 'tag.knowledge.basic'),
+          ).toBeUndefined();
+          expect(
+            findGap(result.value.gaps, 'tag.knowledge.clinical'),
+          ).toBeUndefined();
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('能力图谱中缺少数据的能力项被一并标记为缺数据差距项（需求 9.1）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // 不为任何标签提供数据 → 全部标签均为缺数据差距项。
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          // 模型四维度共 15 个能力标签，均无数据 → 15 个差距项。
+          expect(result.value.gaps.length).toBe(15);
+          for (const gap of result.value.gaps) {
+            expect(gap.missingData).toBe(true);
+            expect(gap.currentLevel).toBe(NO_COMPETENCY_DATA);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('无分值映射不计入当前水平，对应能力项标记为缺数据差距项（需求 9.1）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // 仅登记无分值映射（不贡献能力水平）。
+        const mapped = await h.mappingService.mapData(
+          ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+          { studentId, referenceId: 'ref-noscore' },
+          ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+        );
+        expect(isOk(mapped)).toBe(true);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const gap = findGap(result.value.gaps, 'tag.knowledge.basic') as
+            | { missingData: boolean; currentLevel: unknown }
+            | undefined;
+          expect(gap?.missingData).toBe(true);
+          expect(gap?.currentLevel).toBe(NO_COMPETENCY_DATA);
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('多条带分值映射对同一标签取平均后对照要求水平（需求 9.1）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // 平均 (60+90)/2 = 75 < 80 → 数值差距项，当前水平 75。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 60, 'ref-a');
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 90, 'ref-b');
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const gap = result.value.gaps.find(
+            (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+          );
+          expect(gap?.currentLevel).toBe(75);
+          expect(gap?.missingData).toBe(false);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 每差距项的建议行动、推荐资源与能力标签引用（需求 9.2、9.3、9.4）
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    describe('差距项建议行动 / 推荐资源 / 能力标签引用（需求 9.2、9.3、9.4）', () => {
+      it('每个差距项均含 ≥1 建议行动且标明目标能力水平（需求 9.2）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 40);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          expect(result.value.gaps.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+          for (const gap of result.value.gaps) {
+            expect(gap.suggestedActions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+            for (const action of gap.suggestedActions) {
+              expect(action.description).toBeTruthy();
+              // 目标能力水平 = 要求水平（需求 9.2）。
+              expect(action.targetLevel).toBe(gap.requiredLevel);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('每个有对应资源的差距项推荐 ≥1 学习资源或对练任务（需求 9.3）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // tag.knowledge.basic 在内置目录中有资源。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 40);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const gap = result.value.gaps.find(
+            (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+          );
+          expect(gap?.recommendedResources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+          // 推荐项可为学习资源或对练任务。
+          const types = new Set(gap?.recommendedResources.map((r) => r.type));
+          expect(
+            types.has(LearningResourceType.LearningResource) ||
+              types.has(LearningResourceType.PracticeTask),
+          ).toBe(true);
+          // 资源关联到对应能力标签（需求 9.4）。
+          for (const r of gap?.recommendedResources ?? []) {
+            expect(r.tagId).toBe('tag.knowledge.basic');
+          }
+          // 有资源时不带"暂无可推荐"标注。
+          expect(gap?.resourceNote).toBeUndefined();
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('每个差距项引用对应能力标签与所属能力维度（需求 9.4）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.clinical.history-taking', 30);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const gap = result.value.gaps.find(
+            (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.clinical.history-taking',
+          );
+          expect(gap?.tagId).toBe('tag.clinical.history-taking');
+          expect(gap?.tagName).toBe('病史采集');
+          expect(gap?.dimension).toBe(
+            CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence,
+          );
+          expect(gap?.dimensionName).toBe('临床能力');
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 差距项无资源时保留并标注（需求 9.7）
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    describe('差距项无可推荐资源时保留并标注（需求 9.7）', () => {
+      it('无对应资源的差距项被保留并标注"暂无可推荐"（需求 9.7）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG（职业规划认知）在内置目录中无资源，
+        // 缺数据即构成差距项 → 应保留并标注暂无可推荐。
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const gap = result.value.gaps.find(
+            (g) => g.tagId === EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG,
+          );
+          // 差距项被保留。
+          expect(gap).toBeDefined();
+          // 无推荐资源且带标注（需求 9.7）。
+          expect(gap?.recommendedResources.length).toBe(0);
+          expect(gap?.resourceNote).toBe(NO_RESOURCE_RECOMMENDATION_NOTE);
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('其余有资源的差距项不受无资源差距项影响（需求 9.3、9.7）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          // 有资源的标签：推荐非空、无标注；无资源标签：推荐为空、有标注。
+          for (const gap of result.value.gaps) {
+            if (gap.recommendedResources.length === 0) {
+              expect(gap.resourceNote).toBe(NO_RESOURCE_RECOMMENDATION_NOTE);
+            } else {
+              expect(gap.resourceNote).toBeUndefined();
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 动态闭环：能力图谱更新后重算全部差距项（需求 9.5）
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    describe('能力图谱更新后再次请求重算全部差距项（需求 9.5）', () => {
+      it('能力提升至要求水平后再次请求，对应差距项消失（需求 9.5）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 40);
+
+        const first = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+        expect(isOk(first)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(first)) {
+          const gap = first.value.gaps.find(
+            (g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+          );
+          expect(gap?.currentLevel).toBe(40);
+        }
+
+        // 能力图谱更新：补充高分映射，使平均 (40+100+100)/3 = 80 → 达标。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 100, 'ref-up-1');
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 100, 'ref-up-2');
+
+        const second = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+        expect(isOk(second)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(second)) {
+          // 重算后该能力达标（平均 80），差距项消失（需求 9.5）。
+          expect(
+            second.value.gaps.find((g) => g.tagId === 'tag.knowledge.basic'),
+          ).toBeUndefined();
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('能力图谱更新后差距项数量随之变化（动态闭环，需求 9.5）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+        // 初始全部缺数据：15 个差距项。
+        const before = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+        expect(isOk(before)).toBe(true);
+        const beforeCount = isOk(before) ? before.value.gaps.length : -1;
+
+        // 为多个标签补充达标数据，差距项应减少。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 95);
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.clinical', 95);
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.research.literature-search', 95);
+
+        const after = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+        expect(isOk(after)).toBe(true);
+        const afterCount = isOk(after) ? after.value.gaps.length : -1;
+
+        expect(afterCount).toBe(beforeCount - 3);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 未选目标 / 模型不可用时拒绝并保留数据（需求 9.6）
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    describe('未选目标 / 模型不可用时拒绝并保留能力图谱数据（需求 9.6）', () => {
+      it('学生未选择目标岗位时拒绝生成并提示缺少目标岗位胜任力模型（需求 9.6）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        // 未设定任何目标。
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isErr(result)) {
+          expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+          expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL);
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('请求目标与学生已设定目标不一致时按未选择目标处理（需求 9.6）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          'goal.surgeon',
+        );
+
+        expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isErr(result)) {
+          expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL);
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('入参缺失必填字段时拒绝生成（需求 9.6）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+
+        const noStudent = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          '',
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+        expect(isErr(noStudent)).toBe(true);
+        if (isErr(noStudent)) {
+          expect(noStudent.error.code).toBe(CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST);
+          expect(noStudent.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('studentId');
+        }
+
+        const noGoal = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(studentId, '');
+        expect(isErr(noGoal)).toBe(true);
+        if (isErr(noGoal)) {
+          expect(noGoal.error.code).toBe(CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST);
+          expect(noGoal.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('goalId');
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('目标岗位胜任力模型不可用（维度为空）时拒绝生成（需求 9.6）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+        // 篡改已持久化的关联，使模型维度为空，模拟模型不可用。
+        const association = await h.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+        expect(association).not.toBeNull();
+        if (association) {
+          association.model.dimensions = [];
+          await h.repository.saveGoalAssociation(association);
+        }
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isErr(result)) {
+          expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+          expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE);
+        }
+      });
+
+      it('拒绝生成时保留学生已有能力图谱数据不变（只读，需求 9.6）', async () => {
+        const h = await makeHarness();
+        // 未设定目标，但已有能力图谱映射数据。
+        await setTagLevel(h, 'tag.knowledge.basic', 55);
+        const before = await h.graphRepo.listMappingsByStudent(studentId);
+
+        const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+          studentId,
+          clinicalGoalId,
+        );
+
+        expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+        // 数据保全：能力图谱映射记录不被修改/写入（需求 9.6）。
+        const after = await h.graphRepo.listMappingsByStudent(studentId);
+        expect(after.length).toBe(before.length);
+        expect(after.map((m) => m.id).sort()).toEqual(
+          before.map((m) => m.id).sort(),
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 规划基础属性（防回归）
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    it('成功生成的规划携带学生/目标/模型标识与生成时间（需求 9）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      await h.service.setCareerGoal(studentId, clinicalGoal);
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateDevelopmentPlan(
+        studentId,
+        clinicalGoalId,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+        expect(result.value.goalId).toBe(clinicalGoalId);
+        expect(result.value.goalTitle).toBe('临床医师');
+        expect(result.value.modelId).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(result.value.generatedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('生成发展规划相关错误码常量自洽（防回归）', () => {
+      expect(PlanError.CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST).toBe(
+        CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST,
+      );
+      expect(PlanError.CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL).toBe(CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL);
+      expect(PlanError.CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE).toBe(CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // 错误码常量自洽性（防回归）。
+  it('定义了目标设定相关错误码常量', () => {
+    expect(GoalError.CODE_INVALID_GOAL).toBe(CODE_INVALID_GOAL);
+    expect(GoalError.CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL).toBe(CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL);
+    expect(GoalError.CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED).toBe(CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED);
+    expect(GoalError.CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT).toBe(CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT);
+  });
+
+  // 依赖未使用的导入告警规避（CAREER_REPOSITORY 令牌在模块装配中使用）。
+  it('导出仓库令牌供模块装配', () => {
+    expect(CAREER_REPOSITORY.toString()).toContain('CAREER_REPOSITORY');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.service.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ea3b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyMapping,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { GoalError } from './career-error';
+import { PlanError } from './plan-error';
+import {
+  CAREER_CLOCK,
+  CAREER_REPOSITORY,
+  COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS,
+  COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSION_NAMES,
+  COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER,
+  COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MAX,
+  COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MIN,
+  CareerClock,
+  CareerGoal,
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  CareerGoalRef,
+  CareerRepository,
+  CompetencyGap,
+  CompetencyModel,
+  CompetencyModelBlueprint,
+  CompetencyModelDimensionGroup,
+  CompetencyModelProvider,
+  CompetencyRequirement,
+  DevelopmentPlan,
+  GOAL_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER,
+  LearningResourceProvider,
+  MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS,
+  MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION,
+  NO_COMPETENCY_DATA,
+  NO_RESOURCE_RECOMMENDATION_NOTE,
+  RecommendedResource,
+  SuggestedAction,
+} from './career.types';
+
+/** 内部信号：区分关联预算超时（需求 8.1、8.5）与一般关联系统错误（需求 8.5）。 */
+class AssociationTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * 关联结果（内部）：命中岗位胜任力模型，或目标暂不支持（无匹配）。
+ *
+ * - `matched`：成功关联到岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1）。
+ * - `no_match`：目标无匹配岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.4），后续推荐相近目标。
+ */
+type AssociateOutcome =
+  | { kind: 'matched'; model: CompetencyModel }
+  | { kind: 'no_match' };
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块服务（需求 8，对应 design.md 组件 6「职业规划模块」）。
+ *
+ * 本服务实现任务 10.1（职业目标设定与岗位胜任力分解）与任务 10.2（动态闭环发展规划，
+ * `generateDevelopmentPlan()`）。任务 10.1 的类型与持久化已为 10.2 预留并复用
+ * （`CareerGoalAssociation` 携带目标与模型、能力标签携带目标水平 `requiredLevel`）。
+ *
+ * 接口（对齐 design.md）：
+ * - `setCareerGoal()`：3 秒内将职业目标关联到对应岗位胜任力模型并向学生展示该模型
+ *   （需求 8.1）。岗位胜任力模型参照权威医学胜任力框架，含科学与学术、临床能力、
+ *   健康与社会、职业素养四个维度（需求 8.2），每维度分解为 ≥3 个能力标签（需求 8.3），
+ *   且全部能力标签均为能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.3、14.1）。
+ *   - 无匹配模型：提示该目标暂不支持，并推荐 ≥3 个相近的可选目标（需求 8.4）。
+ *   - 关联过程发生系统错误（含超出 3 秒预算）：返回关联失败提示，并保留学生已设定的
+ *     职业目标（需求 8.5）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径数据保全（Property 7，需求 8.5）：
+ * - 校验失败 / 无匹配 / 系统错误 / 超时时均**不写入**新的目标关联记录；学生此前已设定
+ *   的目标关联在仓库中保持不变（不被覆盖）。
+ * - 仅在成功关联时按学生标识覆盖写入新的目标关联（需求 8.1）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER`：岗位胜任力模型目录（"目标→模型"映射与"无匹配→推荐
+ *   相近目标"，需求 8.1、8.4）。
+ * - `CompetencyTagService`（能力图谱）：校验模型分解所引用的能力标签均为已定义标签
+ *   （需求 8.3、14.1），并解析标签名称用于展示。
+ * - `CAREER_REPOSITORY`：持久化学生已设定目标与关联模型（需求 8.1、8.5、任务 10.2）。
+ * - `CAREER_CLOCK`：关联/模型生成时间戳（测试可控）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class CareerService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER)
+    private readonly modelProvider: CompetencyModelProvider,
+    @Inject(CAREER_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: CareerRepository,
+    @Inject(CAREER_CLOCK)
+    private readonly clock: CareerClock,
+    private readonly competencyTags: CompetencyTagService,
+    @Inject(COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly graphRepository: CompetencyGraphRepository,
+    @Inject(LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER)
+    private readonly resourceProvider: LearningResourceProvider,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 设定职业目标并关联岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4、8.5）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 入参校验：`studentId` 与职业目标的 `id`、`title` 必填，缺失时拒绝设定、不创建
+   *    任何记录（数据保全），返回指明缺失字段的校验错误（需求 8.1）。
+   * 2. 在 3 秒预算内关联岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1）：查找目标对应模型蓝本、解析并校验
+   *    四维度齐全、每维度 ≥3 个能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.2、8.3），构造可展示模型。
+   *    - 关联过程抛出异常（如模型库系统错误、模型配置不合法）→ 返回关联失败提示
+   *      （需求 8.5），保留已设定目标。
+   *    - 关联超出 3 秒预算 → 按系统错误处理（需求 8.1、8.5），保留已设定目标。
+   * 3. 无匹配模型（需求 8.4）：推荐 ≥3 个相近的可选目标，返回"暂不支持 + 推荐"提示，
+   *    不写入记录、保留已设定目标。
+   * 4. 命中模型（需求 8.1）：按学生标识覆盖写入目标关联，返回岗位胜任力模型供展示。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 设定目标的学生标识。
+   * @param goal 学生设定的职业目标（需求 8.1）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回关联的岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1）；目标暂不支持时返回携带推荐
+   *   相近目标的 `GoalError`（需求 8.4）；关联系统错误/超时返回 `GoalError`（需求 8.5）。
+   */
+  async setCareerGoal(
+    studentId: string,
+    goal: CareerGoal,
+  ): Promise<Result<CompetencyModel, GoalError>> {
+    // 1. 入参校验（需求 8.1）。
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!studentId || studentId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('studentId');
+    }
+    if (!goal || !goal.id || goal.id.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('goal.id');
+    }
+    if (!goal || !goal.title || goal.title.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('goal.title');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      // 数据保全：不写入任何记录，保留学生已设定目标（若有）不变。
+      return err(GoalError.invalidGoal(missing));
+    }
+
+    // 2. 在 3 秒预算内关联岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1、8.5）。
+    const associated = await this.associateWithBudget(
+      goal,
+      GOAL_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (isErr(associated)) {
+      // 需求 8.5：关联系统错误/超时 → 提示失败、保留已设定目标（不写入记录）。
+      return associated;
+    }
+
+    const outcome = associated.value;
+
+    // 3. 无匹配模型（需求 8.4）：推荐 ≥3 个相近目标，保留已设定目标不变。
+    if (outcome.kind === 'no_match') {
+      const recommendations = await this.buildRecommendations(goal);
+      return err(GoalError.unsupportedGoal(goal.id, recommendations));
+    }
+
+    // 4. 命中模型（需求 8.1）：覆盖写入目标关联并返回模型供展示。
+    const association: CareerGoalAssociation = {
+      studentId,
+      goal: { ...goal },
+      model: outcome.model,
+      associatedAt: this.clock.now(),
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveGoalAssociation(association);
+    return ok(saved.model);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 读取某学生当前已设定的职业目标关联（需求 8.5、任务 10.2）。
+   *
+   * 供"保留已设定目标"的断言与任务 10.2 生成发展规划读取当前目标与模型使用。
+   * 不存在时返回 null。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 目标学生标识。
+   */
+  async getGoalAssociation(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation | null> {
+    if (!studentId || studentId.trim() === '') {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 动态闭环发展规划（需求 9，design.md 组件 6 `generateDevelopmentPlan`）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 生成动态闭环发展规划（需求 9.1、9.2、9.3、9.4、9.5、9.6、9.7）。
+   *
+   * 将学生**当前**能力图谱中的每一项能力水平与目标岗位胜任力模型中对应的要求水平
+   * 逐项对照，标记能力差距项（含缺数据项），并为每个差距项生成建议行动、推荐学习
+   * 资源/对练任务、引用对应能力标签。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 入参校验（需求 9.6）：`studentId` 与 `goalId` 必填，缺失时拒绝生成、不修改任何
+   *    数据，返回校验错误。
+   * 2. 读取学生当前已设定目标关联（任务 10.1 持久化）：
+   *    - 不存在，或请求的 `goalId` 与已设目标不符 → 未选择目标岗位（需求 9.6），拒绝生成、
+   *      保留能力图谱数据不变（只读，不写入）。
+   *    - 目标关联存在但模型缺失/维度为空 → 目标岗位胜任力模型不可用（需求 9.6），拒绝生成。
+   * 3. 读取学生**实时**能力图谱映射（需求 9.5 动态闭环：每次请求重算），按能力标签聚合
+   *    当前水平（与能力概览口径一致：仅带分值映射可计入，clamp 到 [0,100]，取平均）。
+   * 4. 逐项对照（需求 9.1）：遍历模型四维度全部能力标签要求，
+   *    - 学生缺该标签（带分值）数据 → 缺数据差距项（`currentLevel = NO_COMPETENCY_DATA`）。
+   *    - 学生水平 < 要求水平 → 数值差距项。
+   *    - 学生水平 ≥ 要求水平 → 非差距项（不纳入差距列表）。
+   * 5. 为每个差距项（需求 9.2、9.3、9.4、9.7）：生成 ≥1 建议行动（标明目标水平）、
+   *    按能力标签推荐 ≥1 学习资源/对练任务（无对应资源时保留差距项并标注"暂无可推荐"）、
+   *    引用对应能力标签。
+   *
+   * 数据保全（需求 9.6、Property 7）：本方法对能力图谱**全程只读**，任一错误路径或正常
+   * 路径均不写入/修改学生能力图谱数据。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 请求生成规划的学生标识。
+   * @param goalId 请求对照的目标岗位标识（须与学生已设定目标一致）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回发展规划（需求 9.1-9.4、9.7）；未选目标/模型不可用/入参非法时
+   *   返回 `PlanError`（需求 9.6）。
+   */
+  async generateDevelopmentPlan(
+    studentId: string,
+    goalId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<DevelopmentPlan, PlanError>> {
+    // 1. 入参校验（需求 9.6）。
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!studentId || studentId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('studentId');
+    }
+    if (!goalId || goalId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('goalId');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(PlanError.invalidPlanRequest(missing));
+    }
+
+    // 2. 读取学生当前已设定目标关联（需求 9.6）。
+    const association = await this.repository.findGoalAssociation(studentId);
+    if (!association || association.goal.id !== goalId) {
+      // 未选择目标岗位（无目标，或请求目标与已设目标不符）→ 拒绝并保留数据不变。
+      return err(PlanError.noTargetGoal(studentId, goalId));
+    }
+
+    const model = association.model;
+    if (!model || !model.dimensions || model.dimensions.length === 0) {
+      // 目标岗位胜任力模型不可用 → 拒绝并保留数据不变。
+      return err(PlanError.modelUnavailable(goalId));
+    }
+
+    // 3. 读取学生实时能力图谱映射并按能力标签聚合当前水平（需求 9.5）。
+    const mappings = await this.graphRepository.listMappingsByStudent(
+      studentId,
+    );
+    const levelByTag = this.aggregateLevelsByTag(mappings);
+
+    // 4. 逐项对照模型全部能力标签要求，标记能力差距项（需求 9.1）。
+    const gaps: CompetencyGap[] = [];
+    for (const group of model.dimensions) {
+      for (const requirement of group.competencyTags) {
+        const gap = await this.buildGapIfAny(group, requirement, levelByTag);
+        if (gap) {
+          gaps.push(gap);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return ok({
+      studentId,
+      goalId: model.goalId,
+      goalTitle: model.goalTitle,
+      modelId: model.id,
+      gaps,
+      generatedAt: this.clock.now(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按能力标签聚合学生当前能力水平（需求 9.1、9.5）。
+   *
+   * 口径与 `CompetencyOverviewService` 一致：仅**带分值**的映射可计入；某能力标签的
+   * 当前水平为触及该标签的全部带分值映射分值的算术平均（clamp 到 [0,100]、四舍五入）。
+   * 无任何带分值映射触及的标签不出现在结果中（视为缺数据，需求 9.1 缺数据项）。
+   */
+  private aggregateLevelsByTag(
+    mappings: CompetencyMapping[],
+  ): Map<string, number> {
+    const scoresByTag = new Map<string, number[]>();
+    for (const mapping of mappings) {
+      if (mapping.score == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const clamped = this.clampLevel(mapping.score);
+      // 同一映射对其触及的每个标签各计一次分值贡献（标签内去重，避免重复计数）。
+      for (const tagId of new Set(mapping.tagIds)) {
+        const list = scoresByTag.get(tagId) ?? [];
+        list.push(clamped);
+        scoresByTag.set(tagId, list);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const levelByTag = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const [tagId, scores] of scoresByTag) {
+      const sum = scores.reduce((total, value) => total + value, 0);
+      levelByTag.set(tagId, this.clampLevel(sum / scores.length));
+    }
+    return levelByTag;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 对单条能力标签要求逐项对照，命中差距时构造能力差距项（需求 9.1、9.2、9.3、9.4、9.7）。
+   *
+   * 判定：
+   * - 学生缺该标签（带分值）数据 → 缺数据差距项（需求 9.1）。
+   * - 学生水平 < 要求水平 → 数值差距项（需求 9.1）。
+   * - 学生水平 ≥ 要求水平 → 非差距项，返回 null。
+   *
+   * 命中差距时：生成 ≥1 建议行动（标明目标水平，需求 9.2）、按能力标签推荐学习资源/
+   * 对练任务（需求 9.3；无对应资源时空数组并标注"暂无可推荐"，需求 9.7）、引用对应
+   * 能力标签（需求 9.4）。
+   */
+  private async buildGapIfAny(
+    group: CompetencyModelDimensionGroup,
+    requirement: CompetencyRequirement,
+    levelByTag: Map<string, number>,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyGap | null> {
+    const requiredLevel = requirement.requiredLevel;
+    const hasData = levelByTag.has(requirement.tagId);
+    const currentLevel = hasData
+      ? (levelByTag.get(requirement.tagId) as number)
+      : NO_COMPETENCY_DATA;
+
+    // 非差距项：有数据且已达到/超过要求水平。
+    if (hasData && (currentLevel as number) >= requiredLevel) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const missingData = !hasData;
+
+    // 需求 9.2：≥1 建议行动，标明目标能力水平。
+    const suggestedActions: SuggestedAction[] = [
+      missingData
+        ? {
+            description:
+              `补充「${requirement.tagName}」相关学习与对练数据，并将能力提升至目标水平 ` +
+              `${requiredLevel} 分`,
+            targetLevel: requiredLevel,
+          }
+        : {
+            description:
+              `将「${requirement.tagName}」能力由当前 ${currentLevel as number} 分提升至 ` +
+              `目标水平 ${requiredLevel} 分`,
+            targetLevel: requiredLevel,
+          },
+    ];
+
+    // 需求 9.3、9.4、9.7：按能力标签推荐学习资源/对练任务。
+    const resources = await this.resourceProvider.listResourcesByTag(
+      requirement.tagId,
+    );
+    const recommendedResources: RecommendedResource[] = resources.map((r) => ({
+      id: r.id,
+      title: r.title,
+      type: r.type,
+      tagId: r.tagId,
+    }));
+
+    const gap: CompetencyGap = {
+      tagId: requirement.tagId,
+      tagName: requirement.tagName,
+      dimension: group.dimension,
+      dimensionName: group.dimensionName,
+      currentLevel,
+      requiredLevel,
+      missingData,
+      suggestedActions,
+      recommendedResources,
+    };
+
+    // 需求 9.7：无对应资源时保留差距项并标注"暂无可推荐"。
+    if (recommendedResources.length === 0) {
+      gap.resourceNote = NO_RESOURCE_RECOMMENDATION_NOTE;
+    }
+
+    return gap;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内关联岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1 的 3 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用与 ai-evaluation / practice-engine / clinical-dialogue 一致的超时竞速预算：
+   * - 关联（查找模型蓝本 + 解析校验 + 构造模型）在预算内完成则返回关联结果。
+   * - 关联抛出异常（模型库系统错误、模型配置不合法）→ `GoalError.associationFailed`
+   *   （需求 8.5）。
+   * - 超过预算未返回 → 由超时竞速终止并映射为 `GoalError.associationTimedOut`
+   *   （需求 8.1、8.5）。
+   *
+   * 两个失败分支均不写入任何目标关联记录（数据保全，需求 8.5）。
+   */
+  private async associateWithBudget(
+    goal: CareerGoal,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<Result<AssociateOutcome, GoalError>> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(
+          () => reject(new AssociationTimeoutSignal()),
+          budgetMs,
+        );
+      });
+      const outcome = await Promise.race([this.associate(goal), timeout]);
+      return ok(outcome);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof AssociationTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(GoalError.associationTimedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(GoalError.associationFailed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 关联职业目标到岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4）。
+   *
+   * 查找目标对应的模型蓝本：
+   * - 不存在 → 返回 `no_match`（触发需求 8.4 的推荐相近目标）。
+   * - 存在 → 构造并校验岗位胜任力模型（四维度齐全、每维度 ≥3 已定义标签，需求 8.2、8.3）。
+   *
+   * 模型库系统错误（`getModelBlueprint` 抛错）或模型配置不合法（校验抛错）由上层
+   * `associateWithBudget` 捕获并映射为关联失败（需求 8.5）。
+   */
+  private async associate(goal: CareerGoal): Promise<AssociateOutcome> {
+    const blueprint = await this.modelProvider.getModelBlueprint(goal.id);
+    if (!blueprint) {
+      return { kind: 'no_match' };
+    }
+    const model = await this.buildModel(blueprint);
+    return { kind: 'matched', model };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由模型蓝本构造并校验岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.2、8.3）。
+   *
+   * 校验与构造：
+   * - 逐维度解析每个能力标签：经 `CompetencyTagService.getTag` 校验为能力图谱**已定义**
+   *   标签（需求 8.3、14.1），未定义则抛错（由上层映射为关联失败，需求 8.5）。
+   * - 每个维度去重后能力标签数量须 ≥ `MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION`（3，需求 8.3），否则抛错。
+   * - 模型须恰含四个能力维度：科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养（需求 8.2），
+   *   缺任一维度则抛错。
+   * - 能力标签目标水平钳制到 [0,100]（供任务 10.2 对照，需求 9.1）。
+   */
+  private async buildModel(
+    blueprint: CompetencyModelBlueprint,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyModel> {
+    const dimensions: CompetencyModelDimensionGroup[] = [];
+    const seenDimensions = new Set<string>();
+
+    for (const dimensionBlueprint of blueprint.dimensions) {
+      if (seenDimensions.has(dimensionBlueprint.dimension)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `岗位胜任力模型存在重复能力维度：${dimensionBlueprint.dimension}`,
+        );
+      }
+      seenDimensions.add(dimensionBlueprint.dimension);
+
+      const competencyTags: CompetencyRequirement[] = [];
+      const seenTagIds = new Set<string>();
+      for (const requirement of dimensionBlueprint.requirements) {
+        if (seenTagIds.has(requirement.tagId)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        // 需求 8.3、14.1：模型分解所引用的能力标签必须为能力图谱已定义标签。
+        const tag = await this.competencyTags.getTag(requirement.tagId);
+        if (!tag) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `岗位胜任力模型引用了未定义的能力标签：${requirement.tagId}`,
+          );
+        }
+        seenTagIds.add(requirement.tagId);
+        competencyTags.push({
+          tagId: tag.id,
+          tagName: tag.name,
+          dimension: dimensionBlueprint.dimension,
+          requiredLevel: this.clampLevel(requirement.requiredLevel),
+        });
+      }
+
+      // 需求 8.3：每个能力维度至少包含 3 个能力标签。
+      if (competencyTags.length < MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `能力维度 ${dimensionBlueprint.dimension} 的能力标签不足 ` +
+            `${MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION} 个`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      dimensions.push({
+        dimension: dimensionBlueprint.dimension,
+        dimensionName:
+          COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSION_NAMES[dimensionBlueprint.dimension],
+        competencyTags,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // 需求 8.2：模型须恰含四个能力维度。
+    for (const dimension of COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS) {
+      if (!seenDimensions.has(dimension)) {
+        throw new Error(`岗位胜任力模型缺少能力维度：${dimension}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      goalId: blueprint.goalId,
+      goalTitle: blueprint.goalTitle,
+      framework: blueprint.framework,
+      dimensions,
+      generatedAt: this.clock.now(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 无匹配模型时推荐相近目标（需求 8.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 为无匹配模型的职业目标构造 ≥3 个相近的可选目标推荐（需求 8.4）。
+   *
+   * 先取目录提供方的相近目标推荐；若不足 `MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS`（3），则以目录中
+   * 其他受支持目标去重补足，尽力保证返回至少 3 个相近可选目标。
+   */
+  private async buildRecommendations(
+    goal: CareerGoal,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalRef[]> {
+    const recommended = await this.modelProvider.recommendSimilarGoals(
+      goal,
+      MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS,
+    );
+
+    const result: CareerGoalRef[] = [];
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    for (const ref of recommended) {
+      if (ref.id === goal.id || seen.has(ref.id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      seen.add(ref.id);
+      result.push({ ...ref });
+    }
+
+    if (result.length < MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS) {
+      // 兜底：以目录中其他受支持目标补足至 ≥3（需求 8.4）。
+      const supported = await this.modelProvider.listSupportedGoals();
+      for (const ref of supported) {
+        if (result.length >= MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (ref.id === goal.id || seen.has(ref.id)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        seen.add(ref.id);
+        result.push({ ...ref });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** 将能力标签目标水平钳制到 [0,100]（与能力概览口径一致，供任务 10.2 对照）。 */
+  private clampLevel(value: number): number {
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MIN;
+    }
+    const rounded = Math.round(value);
+    if (rounded < COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MIN) {
+      return COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MIN;
+    }
+    if (rounded > COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MAX) {
+      return COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MAX;
+    }
+    return rounded;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/career.types.ts b/src/modules/career-module/career.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bd1293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/career.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块（Career_Module）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 8（职业目标设定与岗位胜任力分解）与需求 9（动态闭环发展规划，见任务 10.2），
+ * 对应 design.md 组件 6「职业规划模块」。本文件聚焦"模型 + 抽象"：
+ * - `CareerGoal` / `CareerGoalRef`：职业目标及其引用（需求 8.1、8.4）。
+ * - `CompetencyModelDimension` 等：岗位胜任力模型的四个能力维度（需求 8.2）。
+ * - `CompetencyRequirement` / `CompetencyModelDimensionGroup` / `CompetencyModel`：
+ *   岗位胜任力模型及其按能力标签分解的结构（需求 8.2、8.3）。每个能力标签携带
+ *   一个目标能力水平 `requiredLevel`，供任务 10.2 与能力图谱逐项对照（需求 9.1）。
+ * - `CompetencyModelBlueprint` / `CompetencyModelProvider`：岗位胜任力模型目录的来源
+ *   抽象（与 practice-engine 的 `CourseContentProvider`、临床对话的
+ *   `ClinicalScenarioProvider` 一致的可替换风格），承载"目标→模型"映射与
+ *   "无匹配→推荐相近目标"行为（需求 8.4），便于配置与测试。
+ * - `CareerGoalAssociation` / `CareerRepository`：已设定职业目标与其关联模型的持久化
+ *   抽象（接口 + DI 令牌），用于需求 8.5「保留已设定的职业目标」与任务 10.2 读取。
+ * - `CareerClock`：计时时钟抽象，使时间戳在测试中可控。
+ *
+ * 本模块依赖能力图谱（`@modules/competency-graph`）以校验模型分解所引用的能力标签
+ * 均为已定义标签，并复用其统一标签体系（需求 14.1），使任务 10.2 的能力差距对照
+ * 在统一标签上成立。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 职业目标（Career goal，需求 8.1）。
+ *
+ * 学生设定的职业目标。`id` 用于在岗位胜任力模型目录中查找对应模型（需求 8.1）；
+ * 无匹配时按目标信息推荐相近的可选目标（需求 8.4）。
+ */
+export interface CareerGoal {
+  /** 目标唯一标识（用于匹配岗位胜任力模型）。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 目标展示名称（如「临床医师」「外科医师」）。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 目标说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 职业目标引用（需求 8.4）。
+ *
+ * 用于"无匹配模型时推荐相近的可选目标"的轻量引用，以及目录中可选目标的列举。
+ */
+export interface CareerGoalRef {
+  /** 目标唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 目标展示名称。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 目标说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+  /** 目标所属类别（可选，供目录按类别推荐相近目标）。 */
+  category?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 岗位胜任力模型的能力维度（需求 8.2）。
+ *
+ * 参照权威医学胜任力框架，岗位胜任力模型至少包含以下四个能力维度：
+ * 科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养。
+ */
+export enum CompetencyModelDimension {
+  /** 科学与学术。 */
+  ScienceAndScholarship = 'science_and_scholarship',
+  /** 临床能力。 */
+  ClinicalCompetence = 'clinical_competence',
+  /** 健康与社会。 */
+  HealthAndSociety = 'health_and_society',
+  /** 职业素养。 */
+  Professionalism = 'professionalism',
+}
+
+/** 岗位胜任力模型的四个能力维度（固定顺序，供遍历与校验，需求 8.2）。 */
+export const COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSIONS: readonly CompetencyModelDimension[] = [
+  CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship,
+  CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence,
+  CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety,
+  CompetencyModelDimension.Professionalism,
+];
+
+/** 四个能力维度的中文名称（用于模型展示，需求 8.2）。 */
+export const COMPETENCY_MODEL_DIMENSION_NAMES: Readonly<
+  Record<CompetencyModelDimension, string>
+> = {
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship]: '科学与学术',
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence]: '临床能力',
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety]: '健康与社会',
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.Professionalism]: '职业素养',
+};
+
+/**
+ * 参照的权威医学胜任力框架名称（需求 8.2）。
+ *
+ * 岗位胜任力模型应参照权威医学胜任力框架；本系统采用中国临床医学专业本科毕业生
+ * 胜任力框架（科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养四维度）。
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_FRAMEWORK =
+  '中国临床医学专业本科毕业生胜任力框架（科学与学术·临床能力·健康与社会·职业素养）';
+
+/** 每个能力维度至少包含的能力标签数量（需求 8.3）。 */
+export const MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION = 3;
+
+/** 无匹配模型时推荐的相近可选目标的最少数量（需求 8.4）。 */
+export const MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS = 3;
+
+/** 能力标签目标水平下界（与能力概览 0-100 口径一致，供任务 10.2 对照）。 */
+export const COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MIN = 0;
+
+/** 能力标签目标水平上界（与能力概览 0-100 口径一致，供任务 10.2 对照）。 */
+export const COMPETENCY_REQUIRED_LEVEL_MAX = 100;
+
+/**
+ * 关联职业目标到岗位胜任力模型的时间预算（毫秒，需求 8.1：3 秒内）。
+ *
+ * 采用与 ai-evaluation / practice-engine / clinical-dialogue 一致的超时竞速预算模式：
+ * 关联（查找模型 + 分解为能力标签集合）在该预算内完成；超出该时限视为关联过程发生
+ * 系统错误（需求 8.5），中止并返回失败提示、保留学生已设定的职业目标不变。
+ */
+export const GOAL_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 3_000;
+
+/**
+ * 单条能力标签要求（需求 8.3）。
+ *
+ * 岗位胜任力模型被分解为可对照的能力标签集合，每条要求引用能力图谱中**已定义**的
+ * 能力标签（`tagId`），并标明该能力的目标水平（`requiredLevel`，0-100），
+ * 供任务 10.2 与学生能力图谱中对应能力水平逐项对照（需求 9.1）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyRequirement {
+  /** 引用的能力图谱已定义能力标签标识（需求 8.3、14.1）。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 能力标签名称（由能力图谱解析，便于展示）。 */
+  tagName: string;
+  /** 所属岗位胜任力模型能力维度（需求 8.2）。 */
+  dimension: CompetencyModelDimension;
+  /** 该能力的目标水平（0-100，供任务 10.2 对照，需求 9.1）。 */
+  requiredLevel: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 一个能力维度的能力标签集合（需求 8.2、8.3）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：`competencyTags` 至少包含 `MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION`（3）个能力标签（需求 8.3）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyModelDimensionGroup {
+  /** 能力维度（需求 8.2）。 */
+  dimension: CompetencyModelDimension;
+  /** 能力维度中文名称。 */
+  dimensionName: string;
+  /** 该维度分解出的能力标签要求集合（≥3，需求 8.3）。 */
+  competencyTags: CompetencyRequirement[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 岗位胜任力模型（Competency_Model，需求 8.2、8.3）。
+ *
+ * 描述某一医学岗位所需能力的结构化模型，参照权威医学胜任力框架（`framework`）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `dimensions` 恰含四个能力维度：科学与学术、临床能力、健康与社会、职业素养（需求 8.2）。
+ * - 每个维度的能力标签数量 ≥ `MIN_TAGS_PER_DIMENSION`（3，需求 8.3）。
+ * - 全部能力标签均为能力图谱已定义标签（需求 8.3、14.1）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyModel {
+  /** 模型唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 关联的职业目标标识。 */
+  goalId: string;
+  /** 关联的职业目标名称。 */
+  goalTitle: string;
+  /** 参照的权威医学胜任力框架名称（需求 8.2）。 */
+  framework: string;
+  /** 四个能力维度的能力标签集合（需求 8.2、8.3）。 */
+  dimensions: CompetencyModelDimensionGroup[];
+  /** 模型生成（关联）时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单条能力标签要求蓝本（目录配置，需求 8.3）。
+ *
+ * 目录中描述"某能力维度引用某能力标签并要求其目标水平"的配置项；服务在关联时由
+ * 能力图谱解析标签名称并校验其为已定义标签。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyRequirementBlueprint {
+  /** 引用的能力图谱能力标签标识。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 该能力的目标水平（0-100）。 */
+  requiredLevel: number;
+}
+
+/** 一个能力维度的能力标签蓝本集合（需求 8.2、8.3）。 */
+export interface CompetencyModelDimensionBlueprint {
+  /** 能力维度（需求 8.2）。 */
+  dimension: CompetencyModelDimension;
+  /** 该维度引用的能力标签要求蓝本（应 ≥3，需求 8.3）。 */
+  requirements: CompetencyRequirementBlueprint[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 岗位胜任力模型蓝本（目录配置，需求 8.2、8.3）。
+ *
+ * 描述"某职业目标对应的岗位胜任力模型"的可配置蓝本，由 `CompetencyModelProvider`
+ * 提供。服务在关联时据此构造 `CompetencyModel`：解析能力标签名称、校验标签均为
+ * 能力图谱已定义标签，并校验四维度齐全、每维度 ≥3 标签（需求 8.2、8.3）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyModelBlueprint {
+  /** 对应的职业目标标识。 */
+  goalId: string;
+  /** 对应的职业目标名称。 */
+  goalTitle: string;
+  /** 参照的权威医学胜任力框架名称（需求 8.2）。 */
+  framework: string;
+  /** 四个能力维度的能力标签蓝本（需求 8.2、8.3）。 */
+  dimensions: CompetencyModelDimensionBlueprint[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 岗位胜任力模型目录提供方抽象（需求 8.1、8.4）。
+ *
+ * 将「目标→模型」映射与「无匹配→推荐相近目标」行为与具体后端解耦：
+ * - 默认实现为内存可配置版（`MockCompetencyModelProvider`），便于测试与默认装配；
+ * - 后续可由对接真实岗位胜任力模型库的适配器实现，业务代码通过
+ *   `COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER` 令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyModelProvider {
+  /**
+   * 获取某职业目标对应的岗位胜任力模型蓝本（需求 8.1）。
+   *
+   * 无匹配模型时返回 null（触发需求 8.4 的"暂不支持 + 推荐相近目标"）。
+   * 关联过程发生系统错误时应抛出异常（触发需求 8.5 的失败处理与目标保留）。
+   */
+  getModelBlueprint(goalId: string): Promise<CompetencyModelBlueprint | null>;
+
+  /**
+   * 为一个无匹配模型的职业目标推荐相近的可选目标（需求 8.4）。
+   *
+   * 应返回至少 `MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS`（3）个相近的可选目标。
+   *
+   * @param goal 学生设定的（暂不支持的）职业目标。
+   * @param limit 期望的推荐数量下限（默认 `MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS`）。
+   */
+  recommendSimilarGoals(
+    goal: CareerGoal,
+    limit?: number,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalRef[]>;
+
+  /** 列出目录中全部受支持的职业目标（供推荐兜底与目录浏览）。 */
+  listSupportedGoals(): Promise<CareerGoalRef[]>;
+}
+
+/** 岗位胜任力模型目录提供方的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER = Symbol('COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER');
+
+/**
+ * 已设定职业目标与其关联岗位胜任力模型的持久化记录（需求 8.1、8.5）。
+ *
+ * 仅在成功关联（需求 8.1）时创建/覆盖。系统错误（需求 8.5）或无匹配（需求 8.4）时
+ * 不写入，从而保留学生已设定的职业目标不变（数据保全，Property 7）。
+ * 任务 10.2 据此读取学生当前目标与模型以生成发展规划。
+ */
+export interface CareerGoalAssociation {
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 学生已设定的职业目标（需求 8.1）。 */
+  goal: CareerGoal;
+  /** 关联到的岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3）。 */
+  model: CompetencyModel;
+  /** 关联（设定）时间。 */
+  associatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划模块持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与能力图谱、课程对练引擎、临床情景对话对练等模块一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 负责"学生已设定职业目标 + 关联岗位胜任力模型"的持久化（需求 8.1、8.5、任务 10.2）。
+ */
+export interface CareerRepository {
+  /**
+   * 保存（新增或覆盖）某学生的职业目标关联（需求 8.1）。
+   *
+   * 仅在成功关联时调用；按学生标识覆盖写入（一个学生当前保留一个已设定目标）。
+   */
+  saveGoalAssociation(
+    association: CareerGoalAssociation,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation>;
+
+  /** 按学生标识查找其当前职业目标关联，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findGoalAssociation(studentId: string): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation | null>;
+
+  /** 统计已保存的职业目标关联总数（用于错误路径数据保全断言）。 */
+  countGoalAssociations(): Promise<number>;
+}
+
+/** 职业规划模块持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const CAREER_REPOSITORY = Symbol('CAREER_REPOSITORY');
+
+/**
+ * 职业规划计时时钟抽象。
+ *
+ * 将「当前时间」与系统时钟解耦，使关联/模型生成的时间戳在测试中可控，
+ * 业务代码通过 `CAREER_CLOCK` 令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface CareerClock {
+  /** 返回当前时间。 */
+  now(): Date;
+}
+
+/** 职业规划计时时钟的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const CAREER_CLOCK = Symbol('CAREER_CLOCK');
+
+/** 职业目标缺少必填字段、无法设定的错误码（需求 8.1）。 */
+export const CODE_INVALID_GOAL = 'CAREER.INVALID_GOAL';
+
+/** 职业目标暂不支持（无匹配岗位胜任力模型）的错误码（需求 8.4）。 */
+export const CODE_UNSUPPORTED_GOAL = 'CAREER.UNSUPPORTED_GOAL';
+
+/** 关联岗位胜任力模型过程发生系统错误的错误码（需求 8.5）。 */
+export const CODE_ASSOCIATION_FAILED = 'CAREER.ASSOCIATION_FAILED';
+
+/** 关联岗位胜任力模型超出时限的错误码（需求 8.1、8.5）。 */
+export const CODE_ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT = 'CAREER.ASSOCIATION_TIMEOUT';
+
+/**
+ * 岗位胜任力模型四维度到能力图谱已定义能力标签的默认分解（需求 8.2、8.3）。
+ *
+ * 将四个胜任力模型维度映射到能力图谱（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS`）中已定义的能力标签
+ * （跨能力图谱维度组合，使每个模型维度 ≥3 个标签，需求 8.3），复用已定义标签 id 以便
+ * 任务 10.2 的能力差距对照在统一标签上成立（需求 9.1）：
+ * - 科学与学术：基础医学知识、临床医学知识、文献检索、证据评价（知识 + 科研）。
+ * - 临床能力：病史采集、体格检查、临床决策、操作技能（临床技能）。
+ * - 健康与社会：医患沟通、人文关怀、协同工作流（人文 + 团队协作）。
+ * - 职业素养：医学伦理、责任边界意识、批判性验证、职业规划认知（伦理 + AI 协同 + 职业）。
+ *
+ * 上述标签 id 均来自能力图谱默认统一标签体系（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS`）；服务在
+ * 关联时仍会经 `CompetencyTagService` 逐一校验为已定义标签（呼应需求 14.3）。
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS: Readonly<
+  Record<CompetencyModelDimension, readonly string[]>
+> = {
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship]: [
+    'tag.knowledge.basic',
+    'tag.knowledge.clinical',
+    'tag.research.literature-search',
+    'tag.research.evidence-appraisal',
+  ],
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence]: [
+    'tag.clinical.history-taking',
+    'tag.clinical.physical-exam',
+    'tag.clinical.decision',
+    'tag.clinical.procedure',
+  ],
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety]: [
+    'tag.humanistic.communication',
+    'tag.humanistic.care',
+    'tag.ai.workflow',
+  ],
+  [CompetencyModelDimension.Professionalism]: [
+    'tag.humanistic.ethics',
+    'tag.ai.responsibility-boundary',
+    'tag.ai.critical-verification',
+    'tag.career.planning',
+  ],
+};
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// 任务 10.2：动态闭环发展规划（需求 9）
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * 学习资源 / 对练任务类型（需求 9.3）。
+ *
+ * 发展规划为每个能力差距项推荐能力图谱中对应的学习资源或对练任务。两类资源在结构上
+ * 一致，仅以 `type` 区分用途。
+ */
+export enum LearningResourceType {
+  /** 学习资源（如课程、教材、文献阅读条目）。 */
+  LearningResource = 'learning_resource',
+  /** 对练任务（如课程对练题集、临床情景对话对练）。 */
+  PracticeTask = 'practice_task',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单条学习资源 / 对练任务（需求 9.3）。
+ *
+ * 通过 `tagId` 与能力图谱中的能力标签关联，使发展规划能为某能力差距项（按其能力标签）
+ * 推荐对应的学习资源或对练任务。
+ */
+export interface LearningResource {
+  /** 资源唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 资源展示标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 资源类型（学习资源或对练任务，需求 9.3）。 */
+  type: LearningResourceType;
+  /** 关联的能力图谱能力标签标识（需求 9.3、9.4）。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 资源说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学习资源 / 对练任务目录提供方抽象（需求 9.3、9.7）。
+ *
+ * 将"能力标签 → 学习资源/对练任务"的目录与具体后端解耦（与
+ * `CompetencyModelProvider`、能力图谱仓库一致的可替换风格）：
+ * - 默认实现为内存可配置版（`MockLearningResourceProvider`），便于测试与默认装配；
+ * - 后续可由对接真实资源库/对练任务库的适配器实现，业务代码通过
+ *   `LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER` 令牌注入无需改动。
+ *
+ * 需求 9.7：某能力标签在目录中不存在对应资源时返回空数组，由服务在发展规划中保留该
+ * 差距项并标注"暂无可推荐"。
+ */
+export interface LearningResourceProvider {
+  /** 列出某能力标签对应的全部学习资源/对练任务；无对应资源时返回空数组（需求 9.7）。 */
+  listResourcesByTag(tagId: string): Promise<LearningResource[]>;
+}
+
+/** 学习资源 / 对练任务目录提供方的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER = Symbol('LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER');
+
+/**
+ * 能力差距项"当前水平"的缺数据标记（需求 9.1 缺数据项）。
+ *
+ * 当学生能力图谱中缺少某能力标签的（带分值）数据，无法计算其当前能力水平时，
+ * 该能力项被标记为能力差距项，且其当前水平以本标记表示（区别于"低于要求水平"的
+ * 数值差距项）。语义与能力图谱 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 一致，命名独立以表达"缺数据项"。
+ */
+export const NO_COMPETENCY_DATA = 'no_data';
+
+/** "缺数据项"标记的类型（需求 9.1）。 */
+export type NoCompetencyData = typeof NO_COMPETENCY_DATA;
+
+/**
+ * 能力差距项无可推荐学习资源/对练任务时的标注文案（需求 9.7）。
+ *
+ * 当某能力差距项在能力图谱目录中不存在对应学习资源或对练任务时，发展规划保留该差距项
+ * 并以本文案标注。
+ */
+export const NO_RESOURCE_RECOMMENDATION_NOTE =
+  '暂无可推荐的学习资源或对练任务';
+
+/**
+ * 单项建议行动（需求 9.2）。
+ *
+ * 发展规划为每个能力差距项生成 ≥1 项建议行动，每项均标明该差距项的目标能力水平
+ * （`targetLevel`，等于岗位胜任力模型对该能力标签的要求水平）。
+ */
+export interface SuggestedAction {
+  /** 建议行动描述。 */
+  description: string;
+  /** 该差距项的目标能力水平（0-100，需求 9.2，等于要求水平）。 */
+  targetLevel: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单条推荐学习资源 / 对练任务（需求 9.3、9.4）。
+ *
+ * 由学习资源目录按能力标签解析，作为弥补该能力差距项的推荐项；携带其关联的能力标签
+ * 标识，呼应差距项引用的能力标签（需求 9.4）。
+ */
+export interface RecommendedResource {
+  /** 资源唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 资源展示标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 资源类型（学习资源或对练任务，需求 9.3）。 */
+  type: LearningResourceType;
+  /** 关联的能力图谱能力标签标识（需求 9.4）。 */
+  tagId: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 能力差距项（需求 9.1、9.2、9.3、9.4、9.7）。
+ *
+ * 逐项对照学生能力图谱能力水平与岗位胜任力模型要求水平的产物。两类差距项：
+ * - 数值差距项：学生水平低于要求水平（`currentLevel` 为数值且 < `requiredLevel`，
+ *   `missingData` 为 false，需求 9.1）。
+ * - 缺数据项：学生能力图谱中缺少该能力的数据（`currentLevel` 为 `NO_COMPETENCY_DATA`，
+ *   `missingData` 为 true，需求 9.1）。
+ *
+ * 每个差距项：
+ * - 引用对应能力标签（`tagId` / `tagName` / `dimension` / `dimensionName`，需求 9.4）。
+ * - 携带 ≥1 项建议行动，每项标明目标能力水平（`suggestedActions`，需求 9.2）。
+ * - 携带 ≥1 项推荐学习资源/对练任务（`recommendedResources`，需求 9.3）；当目录中无
+ *   对应资源时该数组为空且 `resourceNote` 标注"暂无可推荐"（需求 9.7）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyGap {
+  /** 对应能力标签标识（需求 9.4）。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 对应能力标签名称（需求 9.4）。 */
+  tagName: string;
+  /** 所属岗位胜任力模型能力维度（需求 9.4）。 */
+  dimension: CompetencyModelDimension;
+  /** 所属能力维度中文名称（需求 9.4）。 */
+  dimensionName: string;
+  /** 学生当前能力水平：0-100 数值，或 `NO_COMPETENCY_DATA`（缺数据项，需求 9.1）。 */
+  currentLevel: number | NoCompetencyData;
+  /** 岗位胜任力模型对该能力的要求水平（0-100，需求 9.1）。 */
+  requiredLevel: number;
+  /** 是否为缺数据项（true 表示能力图谱缺少该能力数据，需求 9.1）。 */
+  missingData: boolean;
+  /** 建议行动（≥1 项，每项标明目标水平，需求 9.2）。 */
+  suggestedActions: SuggestedAction[];
+  /** 推荐学习资源/对练任务（需求 9.3；无对应资源时为空数组，见 `resourceNote`，需求 9.7）。 */
+  recommendedResources: RecommendedResource[];
+  /** 无可推荐资源时的标注文案（仅 `recommendedResources` 为空时存在，需求 9.7）。 */
+  resourceNote?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 动态闭环发展规划（需求 9，对应 design.md 组件 6 `generateDevelopmentPlan`）。
+ *
+ * 基于学生**当前**能力图谱数据与目标岗位胜任力模型逐项对照生成；每次请求均读取实时
+ * 数据重算全部能力差距项（需求 9.5 动态闭环）。
+ */
+export interface DevelopmentPlan {
+  /** 规划归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 对照的职业目标标识。 */
+  goalId: string;
+  /** 对照的职业目标名称。 */
+  goalTitle: string;
+  /** 对照的岗位胜任力模型标识。 */
+  modelId: string;
+  /** 能力差距项列表（含数值差距项与缺数据项，需求 9.1）。 */
+  gaps: CompetencyGap[];
+  /** 规划生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/** 学生未选择目标岗位、无法生成发展规划的错误码（需求 9.6）。 */
+export const CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL = 'CAREER.NO_TARGET_GOAL';
+
+/** 目标岗位胜任力模型不可用、无法生成发展规划的错误码（需求 9.6）。 */
+export const CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE = 'CAREER.MODEL_UNAVAILABLE';
+
+/** 生成发展规划入参缺失必填字段的错误码（需求 9.6）。 */
+export const CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST = 'CAREER.INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST';
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/entities/career-goal-association.entity.ts b/src/modules/career-module/entities/career-goal-association.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d93ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/entities/career-goal-association.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { Column, Entity, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { CareerGoal, CompetencyModel } from '../career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 职业目标关联持久化实体（需求 8.1、8.5）。
+ *
+ * 表示某学生**当前**已设定的职业目标及其关联的岗位胜任力模型记录。与内存实现一致：
+ * 一个学生当前保留一个已设定目标（需求 8.5）。因此以 `studentId` 作为业务主键
+ * （`@PrimaryColumn`），天然保证「每个学生至多一条关联」，并使
+ * `saveGoalAssociation` 通过 `save()` 成为按学生标识的 upsert（重复设定时覆盖写入）。
+ *
+ * - `goal`（`CareerGoal`）以 JSONB 存储（需求 8.1）。
+ * - `model`（`CompetencyModel`，含 `dimensions[]` 及其 `competencyTags[]` 的深层嵌套
+ *   结构，需求 8.2、8.3）以 JSONB 整体存储。
+ * - `associatedAt` 以 `timestamptz` 存储关联（设定）时间。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'career_goal_associations' })
+export class CareerGoalAssociationEntity {
+  /**
+   * 归属学生标识（业务主键）。
+   *
+   * 以 `studentId` 作为主键，使「一个学生当前保留一个已设定目标」在数据库层成立，
+   * 并令保存操作成为按学生标识的 upsert（需求 8.5）。
+   */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 学生已设定的职业目标（需求 8.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  goal!: CareerGoal;
+
+  /** 关联到的岗位胜任力模型（需求 8.1、8.2、8.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  model!: CompetencyModel;
+
+  /** 关联（设定）时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  associatedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/index.ts b/src/modules/career-module/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2f3336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+export * from './career.types';
+export * from './career-error';
+export * from './plan-error';
+export * from './career.dto';
+export * from './career.controller';
+export * from './mock-competency-model.provider';
+export * from './mock-learning-resource.provider';
+export * from './system-career-clock';
+export * from './entities/career-goal-association.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-career.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-career.repository';
+export * from './career.service';
+export * from './career.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/mock-competency-model.provider.ts b/src/modules/career-module/mock-competency-model.provider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1511e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/mock-competency-model.provider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  CareerGoal,
+  CareerGoalRef,
+  CompetencyModelBlueprint,
+  CompetencyModelDimension,
+  CompetencyModelDimensionBlueprint,
+  CompetencyModelProvider,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_FRAMEWORK,
+  DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS,
+  MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS,
+} from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * Mock 岗位胜任力模型目录提供方（需求 8.1、8.4、8.5）。
+ *
+ * 内存可配置实现：用于测试与本地开发，替代真实岗位胜任力模型库。与 practice-engine 的
+ * `MockCourseContentProvider`、临床对话的 `MockClinicalScenarioProvider` 风格一致：
+ * - `setModelBlueprint`：登记（或覆盖）一个「目标→岗位胜任力模型蓝本」（需求 8.1）。
+ * - `registerSupportedGoal`：登记目录中受支持/可推荐的职业目标（需求 8.4）。
+ * - `setFailMode`：模拟关联过程的系统错误/超时延迟，驱动需求 8.5 的失败路径。
+ *
+ * 「无匹配→推荐相近目标」（需求 8.4）：`getModelBlueprint` 对未登记目标返回 null；
+ * `recommendSimilarGoals` 优先按同类别推荐，不足时以目录中其他受支持目标补足，
+ * 保证返回 ≥ `MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS`（3）个相近可选目标。
+ *
+ * 后续接入真实岗位胜任力模型库时，可由对接其 API 的适配器替换本实现，通过
+ * `COMPETENCY_MODEL_PROVIDER` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MockCompetencyModelProvider implements CompetencyModelProvider {
+  /** 已登记「目标→模型蓝本」，按 goalId 索引。 */
+  private readonly blueprints = new Map<string, CompetencyModelBlueprint>();
+  /** 已登记的受支持/可推荐职业目标，按 goalId 索引。 */
+  private readonly supportedGoals = new Map<string, CareerGoalRef>();
+  /** 模拟关联过程的系统错误模式（'none' 表示正常）。 */
+  private failMode: 'none' | 'throw' = 'none';
+  /** 模拟关联前的延迟（毫秒），用于驱动 3 秒预算超时分支（需求 8.1、8.5）。 */
+  private delayMs = 0;
+
+  /** 登记（或覆盖）一个「目标→岗位胜任力模型蓝本」（需求 8.1）。 */
+  setModelBlueprint(blueprint: CompetencyModelBlueprint): void {
+    this.blueprints.set(blueprint.goalId, this.cloneBlueprint(blueprint));
+    // 同时登记为受支持目标，便于在推荐中作为相近目标候选。
+    this.supportedGoals.set(blueprint.goalId, {
+      id: blueprint.goalId,
+      title: blueprint.goalTitle,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** 登记（或覆盖）一个受支持/可推荐的职业目标（需求 8.4）。 */
+  registerSupportedGoal(goal: CareerGoalRef): void {
+    this.supportedGoals.set(goal.id, { ...goal });
+  }
+
+  /** 移除一个模型蓝本（模拟目标暂不支持，需求 8.4）。 */
+  removeModelBlueprint(goalId: string): void {
+    this.blueprints.delete(goalId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 配置关联过程的失败模式（需求 8.5）。
+   *
+   * - `'throw'`：`getModelBlueprint` 抛出异常，模拟关联系统错误（需求 8.5）。
+   * - `delayMs > 0`：解析前延迟，用于配合极短预算驱动超时分支（需求 8.1、8.5）。
+   */
+  setFailMode(mode: 'none' | 'throw', delayMs = 0): void {
+    this.failMode = mode;
+    this.delayMs = delayMs;
+  }
+
+  /** 重置全部已登记内容与失败模式配置。 */
+  reset(): void {
+    this.blueprints.clear();
+    this.supportedGoals.clear();
+    this.failMode = 'none';
+    this.delayMs = 0;
+  }
+
+  async getModelBlueprint(
+    goalId: string,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyModelBlueprint | null> {
+    if (this.delayMs > 0) {
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, this.delayMs));
+    }
+    if (this.failMode === 'throw') {
+      // 需求 8.5：关联过程发生系统错误。
+      throw new Error('MockCompetencyModelProvider: 模拟关联系统错误');
+    }
+    const found = this.blueprints.get(goalId);
+    return found ? this.cloneBlueprint(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async recommendSimilarGoals(
+    goal: CareerGoal,
+    limit = MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalRef[]> {
+    const target = Math.max(limit, MIN_RECOMMENDED_GOALS);
+    const requested = this.supportedGoals.get(goal.id);
+    const requestedCategory = requested?.category;
+
+    // 候选：排除目标本身。
+    const candidates = [...this.supportedGoals.values()].filter(
+      (g) => g.id !== goal.id,
+    );
+
+    // 优先同类别（相近）目标，其余作为兜底补足。
+    const sameCategory = requestedCategory
+      ? candidates.filter((g) => g.category === requestedCategory)
+      : [];
+    const others = candidates.filter((g) => !sameCategory.includes(g));
+
+    const ordered: CareerGoalRef[] = [];
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    for (const g of [...sameCategory, ...others]) {
+      if (seen.has(g.id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      seen.add(g.id);
+      ordered.push({ ...g });
+      if (ordered.length >= target) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return ordered;
+  }
+
+  async listSupportedGoals(): Promise<CareerGoalRef[]> {
+    return [...this.supportedGoals.values()].map((g) => ({ ...g }));
+  }
+
+  private cloneBlueprint(
+    blueprint: CompetencyModelBlueprint,
+  ): CompetencyModelBlueprint {
+    return {
+      ...blueprint,
+      dimensions: blueprint.dimensions.map((d) => ({
+        dimension: d.dimension,
+        requirements: d.requirements.map((r) => ({ ...r })),
+      })),
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 由「四维度→能力标签」默认分解构造一个能力维度蓝本，并为每个标签赋目标水平
+ * （需求 8.2、8.3、9.1）。
+ *
+ * @param dimension 能力维度。
+ * @param requiredLevel 该维度全部能力标签的目标水平（0-100，供任务 10.2 对照）。
+ */
+function buildDimensionBlueprint(
+  dimension: CompetencyModelDimension,
+  requiredLevel: number,
+): CompetencyModelDimensionBlueprint {
+  return {
+    dimension,
+    requirements: DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS[dimension].map((tagId) => ({
+      tagId,
+      requiredLevel,
+    })),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一个默认岗位胜任力模型蓝本（四维度齐全、每维度 ≥3 标签，需求 8.2、8.3）。
+ *
+ * 复用能力图谱默认统一标签体系中的已定义标签（`DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS`），
+ * 各维度目标水平可按岗位差异化配置；默认统一为 80。
+ */
+export function buildDefaultModelBlueprint(
+  goalId: string,
+  goalTitle: string,
+  levels: Partial<Record<CompetencyModelDimension, number>> = {},
+): CompetencyModelBlueprint {
+  return {
+    goalId,
+    goalTitle,
+    framework: DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_FRAMEWORK,
+    dimensions: [
+      buildDimensionBlueprint(
+        CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship,
+        levels[CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship] ?? 80,
+      ),
+      buildDimensionBlueprint(
+        CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence,
+        levels[CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence] ?? 80,
+      ),
+      buildDimensionBlueprint(
+        CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety,
+        levels[CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety] ?? 80,
+      ),
+      buildDimensionBlueprint(
+        CompetencyModelDimension.Professionalism,
+        levels[CompetencyModelDimension.Professionalism] ?? 80,
+      ),
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一组内置岗位胜任力模型蓝本（多个常见医学岗位），便于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 每个岗位均参照权威医学胜任力框架、含四维度、每维度 ≥3 能力标签（需求 8.2、8.3），
+ * 并按岗位特点对部分维度调整目标水平（供任务 10.2 体现差异化能力差距）。
+ */
+export function buildBuiltinModelBlueprints(): CompetencyModelBlueprint[] {
+  return [
+    buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.clinical-physician', '临床医师', {
+      [CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence]: 85,
+    }),
+    buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.surgeon', '外科医师', {
+      [CompetencyModelDimension.ClinicalCompetence]: 90,
+    }),
+    buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.internist', '内科医师', {
+      [CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship]: 85,
+    }),
+    buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.pediatrician', '儿科医师', {
+      [CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety]: 85,
+    }),
+    buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.general-practitioner', '全科医师', {
+      [CompetencyModelDimension.HealthAndSociety]: 88,
+    }),
+    buildDefaultModelBlueprint('goal.medical-researcher', '医学研究员', {
+      [CompetencyModelDimension.ScienceAndScholarship]: 92,
+    }),
+  ];
+}
+
+/** 内置岗位对应的职业目标类别（用于"推荐相近目标"按类别归集，需求 8.4）。 */
+export function buildBuiltinSupportedGoals(): CareerGoalRef[] {
+  return [
+    { id: 'goal.clinical-physician', title: '临床医师', category: 'clinical' },
+    { id: 'goal.surgeon', title: '外科医师', category: 'clinical' },
+    { id: 'goal.internist', title: '内科医师', category: 'clinical' },
+    { id: 'goal.pediatrician', title: '儿科医师', category: 'clinical' },
+    {
+      id: 'goal.general-practitioner',
+      title: '全科医师',
+      category: 'clinical',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'goal.medical-researcher',
+      title: '医学研究员',
+      category: 'research',
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一个装配了全部内置岗位胜任力模型蓝本与受支持目标的 Mock 提供方，便于测试与
+ * 默认装配（需求 8.1、8.4）。
+ */
+export function buildSeededMockCompetencyModelProvider(): MockCompetencyModelProvider {
+  const provider = new MockCompetencyModelProvider();
+  for (const blueprint of buildBuiltinModelBlueprints()) {
+    provider.setModelBlueprint(blueprint);
+  }
+  for (const goal of buildBuiltinSupportedGoals()) {
+    provider.registerSupportedGoal(goal);
+  }
+  return provider;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/mock-learning-resource.provider.ts b/src/modules/career-module/mock-learning-resource.provider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9090d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/mock-learning-resource.provider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS,
+  LearningResource,
+  LearningResourceProvider,
+  LearningResourceType,
+} from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * Mock 学习资源 / 对练任务目录提供方（需求 9.3、9.7）。
+ *
+ * 内存可配置实现：用于测试与本地开发，替代真实学习资源库/对练任务库。与
+ * `MockCompetencyModelProvider`、能力图谱内存仓库风格一致：
+ * - `registerResource`：登记（追加）一条"能力标签 → 学习资源/对练任务"映射（需求 9.3）。
+ * - `clearTag`：清空某能力标签的全部资源（模拟需求 9.7 的"无对应资源"）。
+ * - `reset`：清空全部登记内容。
+ *
+ * 需求 9.7：`listResourcesByTag` 对无登记资源的能力标签返回空数组，由
+ * `CareerService.generateDevelopmentPlan` 在发展规划中保留该差距项并标注"暂无可推荐"。
+ *
+ * 后续接入真实资源库时，可由对接其 API 的适配器替换本实现，通过
+ * `LEARNING_RESOURCE_PROVIDER` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MockLearningResourceProvider implements LearningResourceProvider {
+  /** 已登记资源，按 tagId 归集。 */
+  private readonly byTag = new Map<string, LearningResource[]>();
+
+  /** 登记（追加）一条学习资源/对练任务（需求 9.3）。 */
+  registerResource(resource: LearningResource): void {
+    const list = this.byTag.get(resource.tagId) ?? [];
+    list.push({ ...resource });
+    this.byTag.set(resource.tagId, list);
+  }
+
+  /** 清空某能力标签的全部资源（模拟需求 9.7 的"无对应资源"）。 */
+  clearTag(tagId: string): void {
+    this.byTag.delete(tagId);
+  }
+
+  /** 清空全部已登记资源。 */
+  reset(): void {
+    this.byTag.clear();
+  }
+
+  async listResourcesByTag(tagId: string): Promise<LearningResource[]> {
+    const list = this.byTag.get(tagId);
+    return list ? list.map((r) => ({ ...r })) : [];
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一组内置学习资源/对练任务，覆盖岗位胜任力模型默认分解所涉及的**大部分**能力标签
+ * （需求 9.3）。
+ *
+ * 为体现需求 9.7（差距项无资源时保留并标注"暂无可推荐"），默认**故意保留**
+ * `EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG`（职业规划认知）无对应资源；其余模型标签均提供一条
+ * 学习资源与一条对练任务。
+ */
+const BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG_NAMES: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
+  'tag.knowledge.basic': '基础医学知识',
+  'tag.knowledge.clinical': '临床医学知识',
+  'tag.research.literature-search': '文献检索',
+  'tag.research.evidence-appraisal': '证据评价',
+  'tag.clinical.history-taking': '病史采集',
+  'tag.clinical.physical-exam': '体格检查',
+  'tag.clinical.decision': '临床决策',
+  'tag.clinical.procedure': '操作技能',
+  'tag.humanistic.communication': '医患沟通',
+  'tag.humanistic.care': '人文关怀',
+  'tag.ai.workflow': '协同工作流',
+  'tag.humanistic.ethics': '医学伦理',
+  'tag.ai.responsibility-boundary': '责任边界意识',
+  'tag.ai.critical-verification': '批判性验证',
+};
+
+/**
+ * 内置资源目录中**故意排除**的能力标签（需求 9.7 演示用）。
+ *
+ * 该标签出现在岗位胜任力模型分解中（`DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS` 的职业素养维度），
+ * 但内置资源目录不为其提供任何学习资源/对练任务，以便在该能力构成差距项时触发
+ * 需求 9.7 的"保留差距项 + 标注暂无可推荐"。
+ */
+export const EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG = 'tag.career.planning';
+
+/**
+ * 构造一个装配了内置学习资源/对练任务的 Mock 提供方（需求 9.3、9.7）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖模型默认分解所涉及的大部分能力标签（每标签一条学习资源 + 一条对练任务），
+ * 并故意保留 `EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG` 无资源以演示需求 9.7。
+ */
+export function buildSeededMockLearningResourceProvider(): MockLearningResourceProvider {
+  const provider = new MockLearningResourceProvider();
+
+  // 收集模型默认分解所涉及的全部能力标签（去重）。
+  const modelTags = new Set<string>();
+  for (const tagIds of Object.values(DEFAULT_MODEL_DIMENSION_TAGS)) {
+    for (const tagId of tagIds) {
+      modelTags.add(tagId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const tagId of modelTags) {
+    if (tagId === EXCLUDED_BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG) {
+      // 需求 9.7：故意不提供资源。
+      continue;
+    }
+    const tagName = BUILTIN_RESOURCE_TAG_NAMES[tagId] ?? tagId;
+    provider.registerResource({
+      id: `res.${tagId}.course`,
+      title: `${tagName} 强化课程`,
+      type: LearningResourceType.LearningResource,
+      tagId,
+      description: `面向「${tagName}」能力提升的学习资源`,
+    });
+    provider.registerResource({
+      id: `res.${tagId}.practice`,
+      title: `${tagName} 专项对练`,
+      type: LearningResourceType.PracticeTask,
+      tagId,
+      description: `面向「${tagName}」能力提升的对练任务`,
+    });
+  }
+
+  return provider;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/plan-error.ts b/src/modules/career-module/plan-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90f6b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/plan-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST,
+  CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE,
+  CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL,
+} from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 动态闭环发展规划错误（需求 9，对应 design.md 组件 6）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `CareerModule.generateDevelopmentPlan()` 接口（`design.md` 组件 6）中
+ * `Result<DevelopmentPlan, PlanError>` 的错误载体，统一承载发展规划生成的各类
+ * 非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 覆盖的错误分支（需求 9.6）：
+ * - `invalidPlanRequest()`：生成发展规划入参缺失必填字段（学生标识 / 目标标识），
+ *   拒绝生成、不修改任何数据（校验类）。
+ * - `noTargetGoal()`：学生未选择目标岗位（无已设定目标关联，或请求目标与已设目标不符），
+ *   拒绝生成发展规划，提示缺少目标岗位胜任力模型，并保留学生已有能力图谱数据不变
+ *   （需求 9.6，校验类）。
+ * - `modelUnavailable()`：目标岗位胜任力模型不可用（缺失/为空），拒绝生成发展规划，
+ *   提示缺少目标岗位胜任力模型，并保留学生已有能力图谱数据不变（需求 9.6，系统类）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（Property 7，需求 9.6）：任一错误分支都**不得**写入或修改学生能力
+ * 图谱数据——`generateDevelopmentPlan` 全程对能力图谱只读，仅返回错误（数据保全，
+ * 见 design.md 错误处理章节）。
+ */
+export class PlanError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 生成发展规划入参缺失必填字段的错误码（需求 9.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST = CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST;
+  /** 学生未选择目标岗位的错误码（需求 9.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL = CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL;
+  /** 目标岗位胜任力模型不可用的错误码（需求 9.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE = CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE;
+
+  /**
+   * 生成发展规划入参缺失必填字段（学生标识 / 目标标识），无法生成（需求 9.6）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝生成、不修改任何数据，返回指明缺失字段的校验错误（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static invalidPlanRequest(missingFields: string[]): PlanError {
+    return new PlanError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      PlanError.CODE_INVALID_PLAN_REQUEST,
+      `生成发展规划缺少必填字段：${missingFields.join('、')}`,
+      { missingFields },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 学生未选择目标岗位，无法生成发展规划（需求 9.6）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝生成、提示缺少目标岗位胜任力模型，并保留学生已有能力图谱数据不变（数据保全）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 请求生成规划的学生标识。
+   * @param goalId 请求对照的目标岗位标识（可选，便于排查请求目标与已设目标不符）。
+   */
+  static noTargetGoal(studentId: string, goalId?: string): PlanError {
+    return new PlanError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      PlanError.CODE_NO_TARGET_GOAL,
+      '尚未选择目标岗位，无法生成发展规划：缺少目标岗位胜任力模型',
+      goalId ? { studentId, goalId } : { studentId },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 目标岗位胜任力模型不可用，无法生成发展规划（需求 9.6）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝生成、提示缺少目标岗位胜任力模型，并保留学生已有能力图谱数据不变（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static modelUnavailable(goalId: string): PlanError {
+    return new PlanError(
+      ErrorKind.System,
+      PlanError.CODE_MODEL_UNAVAILABLE,
+      '目标岗位胜任力模型不可用，无法生成发展规划：缺少目标岗位胜任力模型',
+      { goalId },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/repositories/in-memory-career.repository.ts b/src/modules/career-module/repositories/in-memory-career.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4bb663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/repositories/in-memory-career.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  CareerRepository,
+  CompetencyModel,
+  CompetencyModelDimensionGroup,
+} from '../career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版职业规划模块仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱/课程对练/临床对话等模块风格一致：无需数据库即可
+ * 工作，作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 一个学生当前保留一个已设定职业目标（按 `studentId` 覆盖写入），对应需求 8.5
+ * 「保留学生已设定的职业目标」与任务 10.2 读取当前目标。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date、嵌套对象），避免外部引用
+ * 篡改内部状态，配合错误路径数据保全不变量（需求 8.5：关联失败时保留已设定目标不变）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryCareerRepository implements CareerRepository {
+  /** 已设定职业目标关联，按 studentId 索引（一个学生当前保留一个目标）。 */
+  private readonly associations = new Map<string, CareerGoalAssociation>();
+
+  async saveGoalAssociation(
+    association: CareerGoalAssociation,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation> {
+    const stored = this.cloneAssociation(association);
+    this.associations.set(stored.studentId, stored);
+    return this.cloneAssociation(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findGoalAssociation(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation | null> {
+    const found = this.associations.get(studentId);
+    return found ? this.cloneAssociation(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async countGoalAssociations(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.associations.size;
+  }
+
+  private cloneAssociation(
+    association: CareerGoalAssociation,
+  ): CareerGoalAssociation {
+    return {
+      studentId: association.studentId,
+      goal: { ...association.goal },
+      model: this.cloneModel(association.model),
+      associatedAt: new Date(association.associatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneModel(model: CompetencyModel): CompetencyModel {
+    return {
+      ...model,
+      dimensions: model.dimensions.map((d) => this.cloneDimension(d)),
+      generatedAt: new Date(model.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneDimension(
+    group: CompetencyModelDimensionGroup,
+  ): CompetencyModelDimensionGroup {
+    return {
+      ...group,
+      competencyTags: group.competencyTags.map((t) => ({ ...t })),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/repositories/typeorm-career.repository.ts b/src/modules/career-module/repositories/typeorm-career.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3f90c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/repositories/typeorm-career.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  CareerRepository,
+  CompetencyModel,
+  CompetencyModelDimensionGroup,
+} from '../career.types';
+import { CareerGoalAssociationEntity } from '../entities/career-goal-association.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的职业规划模块仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现「学生已设定职业目标 + 关联岗位胜任力模型」
+ * 的持久化（需求 8.1、8.5、任务 10.2）。与内存实现共享 `CareerRepository` 接口，可在
+ * 装配层互换。
+ *
+ * 一个学生当前保留一个已设定目标（需求 8.5）：实体以 `studentId` 为主键，
+ * `saveGoalAssociation` 通过 `create()` + `save()` 成为按学生标识的 upsert（覆盖写入）。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date、嵌套对象），与内存实现的
+ * `cloneAssociation` / `cloneModel` / `cloneDimension` 结构一致，避免外部引用篡改持久化
+ * 层缓存，并配合错误路径数据保全不变量（需求 8.5）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmCareerRepository implements CareerRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(CareerGoalAssociationEntity)
+    private readonly associationRepo: Repository<CareerGoalAssociationEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveGoalAssociation(
+    association: CareerGoalAssociation,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation> {
+    const entity = this.associationRepo.create({
+      studentId: association.studentId,
+      goal: { ...association.goal },
+      model: this.cloneModel(association.model),
+      associatedAt: new Date(association.associatedAt),
+    });
+    const saved = await this.associationRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toAssociation(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findGoalAssociation(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<CareerGoalAssociation | null> {
+    const found = await this.associationRepo.findOne({ where: { studentId } });
+    return found ? this.toAssociation(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async countGoalAssociations(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.associationRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  private toAssociation(
+    entity: CareerGoalAssociationEntity,
+  ): CareerGoalAssociation {
+    return {
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      goal: { ...entity.goal },
+      model: this.cloneModel(entity.model),
+      associatedAt: new Date(entity.associatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneModel(model: CompetencyModel): CompetencyModel {
+    return {
+      ...model,
+      dimensions: model.dimensions.map((d) => this.cloneDimension(d)),
+      generatedAt: new Date(model.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneDimension(
+    group: CompetencyModelDimensionGroup,
+  ): CompetencyModelDimensionGroup {
+    return {
+      ...group,
+      competencyTags: group.competencyTags.map((t) => ({ ...t })),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/career-module/system-career-clock.ts b/src/modules/career-module/system-career-clock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11bcff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/career-module/system-career-clock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { CareerClock } from './career.types';
+
+/**
+ * 系统时钟实现（需求 8.1）。
+ *
+ * 默认的 `CareerClock` 实现，直接读取系统时间，用于职业目标关联与岗位胜任力模型
+ * 生成的时间戳（需求 8.1）。测试可注入可控时钟替代本实现，通过 `CAREER_CLOCK`
+ * 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemCareerClock implements CareerClock {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.controller.ts b/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7940ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { CaseReasoningService } from './case-reasoning.service';
+
+@Controller('api/case-reasoning')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class CaseReasoningController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: CaseReasoningService) {}
+
+  @Get('cases')
+  listCases() {
+    return this.service.listCases();
+  }
+
+  @Post('cases/:caseId/sessions')
+  startSession(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('caseId') caseId: string,
+  ) {
+    return this.service.startSession(user.id, caseId);
+  }
+
+  @Post('sessions/:sessionId/steps')
+  submitReasoning(
+    @Param('sessionId') sessionId: string,
+    @Body() body: { step: string; answer: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.submitReasoning(sessionId, body.step, body.answer);
+  }
+
+  @Post('sessions/:sessionId/finish')
+  finishSession(@Param('sessionId') sessionId: string) {
+    return this.service.finishSession(sessionId);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.module.ts b/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5838337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { AITrustModule } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+
+import { CaseReasoningController } from './case-reasoning.controller';
+import { CaseReasoningService } from './case-reasoning.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [AIGatewayModule, AITrustModule],
+  providers: [CaseReasoningService],
+  controllers: [CaseReasoningController],
+  exports: [CaseReasoningService],
+})
+export class CaseReasoningModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.service.ts b/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c417f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/case-reasoning/case-reasoning.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { AIOutputKind, AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+
+const STEPS = [
+  'chief_complaint',
+  'history',
+  'physical_exam',
+  'lab_results',
+  'differential',
+  'diagnosis',
+  'treatment',
+] as const;
+
+export interface CaseTemplate {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  category: string;
+  difficulty: string;
+}
+
+interface Session {
+  id: string;
+  caseId: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  currentStepIndex: number;
+  currentStep: string;
+  currentDisclosure: string;
+  steps: Array<{
+    step: string;
+    studentAnswer: string;
+    disclosure: string;
+    feedback: string;
+  }>;
+}
+
+const SAMPLE_CASES: CaseTemplate[] = [
+  { id: 'case-chest-pain-001', title: '急性胸痛鉴别', category: '心血管', difficulty: '中等' },
+  { id: 'case-headache-001', title: '反复头痛查因', category: '神经内科', difficulty: '基础' },
+  { id: 'case-abdominal-001', title: '急腹症诊疗', category: '普外科', difficulty: '中等' },
+  { id: 'case-fever-001', title: '不明原因发热', category: '感染科', difficulty: '较难' },
+  { id: 'case-dyspnea-001', title: '呼吸困难分析', category: '呼吸内科', difficulty: '中等' },
+];
+
+@Injectable()
+export class CaseReasoningService {
+  private sessions = new Map<string, Session>();
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly ai: AIGateway,
+    private readonly trust: AITrustService,
+  ) {}
+
+  listCases(): CaseTemplate[] {
+    return SAMPLE_CASES;
+  }
+
+  async startSession(studentId: string, caseId: string) {
+    const template =
+      caseId === 'random'
+        ? SAMPLE_CASES[Math.floor(Math.random() * SAMPLE_CASES.length)]
+        : SAMPLE_CASES.find((c) => c.id === caseId);
+
+    const effectiveCase = template ?? SAMPLE_CASES[0];
+    const sessionId = randomUUID();
+    const firstStep = STEPS[0];
+
+    const prompt = `你是一个临床病例教学系统。病例主题：${effectiveCase.title}（${effectiveCase.category}）。
+现在开始第一步：主诉与现病史。请生成一段简洁的临床信息，仅包含主诉和现病史，供学生分析。
+要求：只输出临床信息正文，不要包含步骤标题。`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+    const disclosure = genResult.content || `${effectiveCase.title}：患者因不适就诊。`;
+
+    const session: Session = {
+      id: sessionId,
+      caseId: effectiveCase.id,
+      studentId,
+      currentStepIndex: 0,
+      currentStep: firstStep,
+      currentDisclosure: disclosure,
+      steps: [],
+    };
+    this.sessions.set(sessionId, session);
+
+    return {
+      id: sessionId,
+      caseId: effectiveCase.id,
+      currentStep: firstStep,
+      currentDisclosure: disclosure,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async submitReasoning(sessionId: string, step: string, answer: string) {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return { error: '会话不存在' };
+    }
+
+    const prompt = `病例推演：学生在"${step}"阶段的分析是：
+"${answer}"
+
+请给出简短反馈（1-2 句），指出分析的合理性和不足。然后生成下一步的临床信息。
+格式：
+反馈：...
+下一步信息：...`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+    const content = genResult.content || '分析已记录。';
+
+    const feedbackMatch = content.match(/反馈[：:]\s*([\s\S]*?)(?=下一步信息|$)/);
+    const disclosureMatch = content.match(/下一步信息[：:]\s*([\s\S]*)/);
+    const feedback = feedbackMatch?.[1]?.trim() ?? content;
+    const nextDisclosure = disclosureMatch?.[1]?.trim() ?? '';
+
+    session.steps.push({
+      step: session.currentStep,
+      studentAnswer: answer,
+      disclosure: session.currentDisclosure,
+      feedback,
+    });
+
+    const nextIndex = session.currentStepIndex + 1;
+    if (nextIndex < STEPS.length) {
+      session.currentStepIndex = nextIndex;
+      session.currentStep = STEPS[nextIndex];
+      session.currentDisclosure = nextDisclosure || `请继续分析${STEPS[nextIndex]}阶段的信息。`;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      feedback,
+      nextStep: nextIndex < STEPS.length ? STEPS[nextIndex] : null,
+      disclosure: session.currentDisclosure,
+      session: {
+        id: session.id,
+        currentStep: session.currentStep,
+        currentDisclosure: session.currentDisclosure,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  async finishSession(sessionId: string) {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return { error: '会话不存在' };
+    }
+
+    const stepsText = session.steps
+      .map(
+        (s, i) =>
+          `第${i + 1}步（${s.step}）：\n披露：${s.disclosure}\n学生分析：${s.studentAnswer}\n反馈：${s.feedback}`,
+      )
+      .join('\n\n');
+
+    const prompt = `你是临床教学评估专家。以下是学生在一个病例推演中的完整表现：
+
+${stepsText}
+
+请对学生进行评估，包含以下维度（0-100分）：
+1. 临床信息采集能力
+2. 鉴别诊断思维
+3. 临床推理逻辑
+4. 治疗方案合理性
+
+输出 JSON 格式：
+{
+  "dimensions": [{"dimension": "...", "dimensionName": "...", "score": 数字}],
+  "summary": "总评"
+}`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    let report: any = {
+      dimensions: [
+        { dimension: 'info_gathering', dimensionName: '临床信息采集能力', score: 70 },
+        { dimension: 'differential', dimensionName: '鉴别诊断思维', score: 65 },
+        { dimension: 'reasoning', dimensionName: '临床推理逻辑', score: 68 },
+        { dimension: 'treatment', dimensionName: '治疗方案合理性', score: 72 },
+      ],
+      summary: '已完成病例推演评估。',
+    };
+
+    try {
+      const jsonMatch = genResult.content.match(/\{[\s\S]*\}/);
+      if (jsonMatch) {
+        report = JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      report.summary = genResult.content;
+    }
+
+    const annotated = this.trust.wrap({
+      kind: AIOutputKind.Evaluation,
+      content: report.summary ?? '',
+      sources: genResult.annotation?.sources ?? [],
+    });
+
+    report.annotation = annotated.annotation;
+    this.sessions.delete(sessionId);
+
+    return report;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/case-reasoning/index.ts b/src/modules/case-reasoning/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7650767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/case-reasoning/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { CaseReasoningModule } from './case-reasoning.module';
+export { CaseReasoningService } from './case-reasoning.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.controller.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acbe8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { SendTurnDto } from './clinical-dialogue.dto';
+import { ClinicalDialogueService } from './clinical-dialogue.service';
+import {
+  DialogueReport,
+  DialogueSession,
+  DialogueTurn,
+} from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练 HTTP 接口（`/api/clinical-dialogue`，需求 5）。
+ *
+ * 全部端点面向**学生本人**（`Role.Student`）：归属学生取自认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受请求体/路径中的 studentId，避免越权操作他人数据
+ * （学生角色的 `id` 即 `studentId`）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `POST /api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/:scenarioId/sessions`：发起对练（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ * - `POST /api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/:sessionId/turns`：进行一轮对话（需求 5.2）。
+ * - `POST /api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/:sessionId/finish`：结束对练并生成三维报告（需求 5.3、5.4、5.6）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应（如情景不存在/未绑定
+ * 权威知识源 → 4xx、报告生成失败或超时 → 5xx）。
+ */
+@Controller('api/clinical-dialogue')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class ClinicalDialogueController {
+  constructor(private readonly dialogue: ClinicalDialogueService) {}
+
+  /** 发起一次临床情景对话对练（学生本人，需求 5.1、5.5）。 */
+  @Post('scenarios/:scenarioId/sessions')
+  async startDialogue(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string,
+  ): Promise<DialogueSession> {
+    const result = await this.dialogue.startDialogue(user.id, scenarioId);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 进行一轮对话：采集学生输入并以设定角色生成系统应答（学生，需求 5.2）。 */
+  @Post('sessions/:sessionId/turns')
+  async sendTurn(
+    @Param('sessionId') sessionId: string,
+    @Body() dto: SendTurnDto,
+  ): Promise<DialogueTurn> {
+    const result = await this.dialogue.sendTurn(sessionId, dto.studentInput);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 结束一次对练并生成三维评估报告（学生，需求 5.3、5.4、5.6）。 */
+  @Post('sessions/:sessionId/finish')
+  async finishDialogue(
+    @Param('sessionId') sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<DialogueReport> {
+    const result = await this.dialogue.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.dto.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8a1811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练 HTTP 请求体 DTO（需求 5）。
+ *
+ * 与 learning-space 的 DTO 约定一致：使用 class-validator 装饰器在全局
+ * `ValidationPipe`（whitelist + transform）下完成请求体校验；路径参数（scenarioId /
+ * sessionId）以普通 `@Param` 字符串接收，不在此声明。归属学生由认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`）决定，不在请求体中传 studentId（防越权）。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 进行一轮对话请求体（需求 5.2）。
+ *
+ * `studentInput` 为学生本轮输入。服务层会拒绝空白输入（`DIALOGUE.EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT`）
+ * 与超出 50 轮上限（`DIALOGUE.TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED`）。会话标识由路径参数提供。
+ */
+export class SendTurnDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(4000)
+  studentInput!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e09540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+import {
+  MockClinicalScenarioProvider,
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  buildDefaultScenario,
+} from './mock-clinical-scenario.provider';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 5）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生发起对练 → 进行一轮对话 → 结束生成三维报告全流程（需求 5.1-5.4）。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 非学生角色访问被拒（403，角色守卫）。
+ * - 情景不存在返回 4xx（需求 5.1）。
+ *
+ * 对练启动依赖情景及其绑定的、可用的权威知识源；默认 `MockClinicalScenarioProvider`
+ * 为空，故先经其登记默认权威知识源与默认情景以构造干净的 happy-path。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('ClinicalDialogue E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+  let scenarioProvider: MockClinicalScenarioProvider;
+  let scenarioId: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+
+    // 登记默认权威知识源与默认情景，使对练可启动（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+    scenarioProvider = app.get(MockClinicalScenarioProvider);
+    for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+      scenarioProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+    }
+    const scenario = buildDefaultScenario();
+    scenarioProvider.setScenario(scenario);
+    scenarioId = scenario.id;
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `u_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('发起对练 → 进行一轮对话 → 结束生成三维报告全流程', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    // 发起对练（需求 5.1）。
+    const startRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/${scenarioId}/sessions`,
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(startRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const session = await startRes.json();
+    expect(typeof session.id).toBe('string');
+    expect(session.scenarioId).toBe(scenarioId);
+    expect(Array.isArray(session.authoritativeSources)).toBe(true);
+    expect(session.authoritativeSources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const sessionId = session.id;
+
+    // 进行一轮对话（需求 5.2）。
+    const turnRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${sessionId}/turns`,
+      { studentInput: '请问您哪里不舒服？' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(turnRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const turn = await turnRes.json();
+    expect(turn.index).toBe(1);
+    expect(typeof turn.systemResponse).toBe('string');
+
+    // 结束对练并生成三维报告（需求 5.3、5.4）。
+    const finishRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`,
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(finishRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const report = await finishRes.json();
+    expect(report.sessionId).toBe(sessionId);
+    expect(Array.isArray(report.dimensions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(report.dimensions.length).toBe(3);
+    expect(report.overallScore).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(report.overallScore).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+  });
+
+  it('空学生输入返回 400', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const startRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/${scenarioId}/sessions`,
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    const session = await startRes.json();
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${session.id}/turns`,
+      { studentInput: '   ' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('情景不存在返回 404（需求 5.1）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/scenario.does-not-exist/sessions',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(404);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/${scenarioId}/sessions`,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色访问被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/${scenarioId}/sessions`,
+      undefined,
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.module.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62e23c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import { Module, type OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { AITrustModule } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { ClinicalDialogueController } from './clinical-dialogue.controller';
+import { ClinicalDialogueService } from './clinical-dialogue.service';
+import { DialogueReportEntity } from './entities/dialogue-report.entity';
+import { DialogueSessionEntity } from './entities/dialogue-session.entity';
+import {
+  CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY,
+  CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER,
+  DIALOGUE_CLOCK,
+} from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  buildDefaultScenario,
+  MockClinicalScenarioProvider,
+} from './mock-clinical-scenario.provider';
+import { InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-clinical-dialogue.repository';
+import { TypeOrmClinicalDialogueRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-clinical-dialogue.repository';
+import { SystemDialogueClock } from './system-dialogue-clock';
+
+/** 临床情景对话对练持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_ENTITIES = [
+  DialogueSessionEntity,
+  DialogueReportEntity,
+];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 5 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmClinicalDialogueRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository,
+      {
+        provide: CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练模块（需求 5，对应 design.md 组件 4「临床情景对话对练」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现任务 8：
+ * - `startDialogue()`：基于绑定权威知识源 10 秒内呈现情景；未绑定时阻止启动、不创建
+ *   记录、提示（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ * - `sendTurn()`：多轮对话（最多 50 轮）并逐轮记录学生输入与系统应答（需求 5.2）。
+ * - `finishDialogue()`：30 秒内生成含问诊完整性/临床推理/医患沟通三维报告并映射能力
+ *   图谱（需求 5.3、5.4）；失败或超时时中止、保留对话记录、提示（需求 5.6）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `AIGatewayModule`：经统一 AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY` 令牌）生成情景呈现、逐轮系统应答
+ *   与报告正文（design.md：所有大模型调用统一经 AI 网关）。
+ * - `AITrustModule`：经 `AITrustService.wrap()` 为对练报告统一附加可信度标注与来源
+ *   溯源（需求 5.3、16）。
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`：经 `CompetencyMappingService` 将三维结果按能力标签映射到
+ *   能力图谱（需求 5.4），经 `CompetencyTagService` 校验能力标签为已定义标签。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行。
+ *
+ * 情景与权威知识源提供方 `CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER`：默认绑定内存可配置 mock 实现
+ * （`MockClinicalScenarioProvider`），后续可替换为对接真实情景/权威知识源库的适配器，
+ * 通过令牌注入无需改动业务代码。
+ *
+ * 对话计时时钟 `DIALOGUE_CLOCK`：默认绑定系统时钟（`SystemDialogueClock`），用于
+ * 会话/轮次/报告时间戳；测试可注入可控时钟替代。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    AITrustModule,
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    MockClinicalScenarioProvider,
+    {
+      provide: CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER,
+      useExisting: MockClinicalScenarioProvider,
+    },
+    SystemDialogueClock,
+    {
+      provide: DIALOGUE_CLOCK,
+      useExisting: SystemDialogueClock,
+    },
+    ClinicalDialogueService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [ClinicalDialogueController],
+  exports: [
+    ClinicalDialogueService,
+    CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY,
+    CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER,
+    DIALOGUE_CLOCK,
+  ],
+})
+export class ClinicalDialogueModule implements OnModuleInit {
+  constructor(private readonly scenarioProvider: MockClinicalScenarioProvider) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 应用启动时为 mock 情景提供方登记一个默认的标准化问诊情景及其权威知识源，
+   * 使临床对话对练在本地/真实联调中可直接发起（情景 id：`scenario.chest-pain-001`）。
+   *
+   * mock 提供方为内存态：无论是否启用数据库都需要登记（否则 `getScenario` 返回 null、
+   * 对练无法启动）。登记为幂等覆盖写入，重复启动安全。测试不经由本模块装配（各自
+   * 直接构造 provider），故不受影响。
+   */
+  onModuleInit(): void {
+    for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+      this.scenarioProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+    }
+    this.scenarioProvider.setScenario(buildDefaultScenario());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32a8412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { ClinicalDialogueService } from './clinical-dialogue.service';
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  buildDefaultScenario,
+  MockClinicalScenarioProvider,
+} from './mock-clinical-scenario.provider';
+import { InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-clinical-dialogue.repository';
+import {
+  CODE_EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT,
+  CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+  CODE_REPORT_GENERATION_FAILED,
+  CODE_REPORT_TIMEOUT,
+  CODE_SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+  CODE_TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+  ClinicalScenario,
+  DIALOGUE_ASSESSMENT_DIMENSIONS,
+  DialogueClock,
+  DialogueSessionStatus,
+  MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS,
+} from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练服务单元测试（任务 8，需求 5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4、5.5、5.6）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 发起对练（需求 5.1、5.5）：成功呈现绑定权威知识源的情景；未绑定时阻止启动、
+ *   不创建对话记录、提示；情景不存在时拒绝。
+ * - 多轮对话（需求 5.2）：逐轮记录学生输入与系统应答；最多 50 轮上限；空输入与
+ *   非法会话/状态拒绝。
+ * - 结束报告（需求 5.3、5.4）：生成含问诊完整性/临床推理/医患沟通三维报告并映射
+ *   能力图谱。
+ * - 错误路径（需求 5.6）：报告生成失败或超时时中止、保留对话记录不变、提示失败。
+ */
+
+/** 可控时钟：测试精确驱动会话/轮次/报告时间戳。 */
+class FakeClock implements DialogueClock {
+  private current: Date;
+  constructor(start: Date) {
+    this.current = new Date(start);
+  }
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.current);
+  }
+  advance(ms: number): void {
+    this.current = new Date(this.current.getTime() + ms);
+  }
+}
+
+interface Harness {
+  service: ClinicalDialogueService;
+  gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  provider: MockClinicalScenarioProvider;
+  repository: InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository;
+  mapping: CompetencyMappingService;
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  clock: FakeClock;
+}
+
+const studentId = 'stu-001';
+const scenarioId = 'scenario.chest-pain-001';
+
+async function makeHarness(
+  start = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+): Promise<Harness> {
+  const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  gateway.setBehavior('success');
+
+  const provider = new MockClinicalScenarioProvider();
+  for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+    provider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+  }
+  provider.setScenario(buildDefaultScenario());
+
+  const repository = new InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository();
+
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+  const aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+  const clock = new FakeClock(start);
+
+  const service = new ClinicalDialogueService(
+    gateway,
+    provider,
+    repository,
+    clock,
+    aiTrust,
+    mapping,
+    tagService,
+  );
+
+  return { service, gateway, provider, repository, mapping, graphRepo, clock };
+}
+
+/** 发起对练并返回会话 id（断言成功）。 */
+async function startSession(h: Harness): Promise<string> {
+  const result = await h.service.startDialogue(studentId, scenarioId);
+  expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+  return isOk(result) ? result.value.id : '';
+}
+
+describe('ClinicalDialogueService 临床情景对话对练（需求 5）', () => {
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 发起对练（需求 5.1、5.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('发起对练（需求 5.1、5.5）', () => {
+    it('基于绑定权威知识源呈现临床情景并创建进行中会话（需求 5.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.startDialogue(studentId, scenarioId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const session = result.value;
+        expect(session.status).toBe(DialogueSessionStatus.InProgress);
+        // 情景已呈现（需求 5.1）。
+        expect(session.presentedScenario.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        // 绑定至少一个权威知识源并记录引用标识（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+        expect(session.authoritativeSources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        for (const ref of session.authoritativeSources) {
+          expect(ref.sourceId).toBeTruthy();
+          expect(ref.citation).toBeTruthy();
+        }
+        // 系统应答角色已设定（需求 5.2）。
+        expect(session.systemRole).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(session.turns.length).toBe(0);
+        expect(session.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 10 秒内完成情景呈现（需求 5.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await h.service.startDialogue(studentId, scenarioId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(10_000);
+    });
+
+    it('对话会话持久化到仓库（需求 5.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.startDialogue(studentId, scenarioId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const stored = await h.repository.findSession(result.value.id);
+        expect(stored?.id).toBe(result.value.id);
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countSessions()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('情景未绑定任何权威知识源时阻止启动、不创建对话记录并提示（需求 5.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 登记一个未绑定任何权威源的情景。
+      const noSourceScenario: ClinicalScenario = buildDefaultScenario({
+        id: 'scenario.no-source',
+        authoritativeSourceIds: [],
+      });
+      h.provider.setScenario(noSourceScenario);
+
+      const result = await h.service.startDialogue(
+        studentId,
+        'scenario.no-source',
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：不创建任何对话记录（需求 5.5）。
+      expect(await h.repository.countSessions()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('情景绑定来源全部不可用时阻止启动、不创建对话记录（需求 5.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 让默认情景绑定的全部来源不可用 → 解析为空 → 阻止启动（需求 5.5）。
+      for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+        h.provider.setSourceUnavailable(source.id);
+      }
+
+      const result = await h.service.startDialogue(studentId, scenarioId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE);
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countSessions()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('情景不存在时拒绝启动、不创建对话记录（需求 5.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.startDialogue(studentId, 'no-such-scenario');
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countSessions()).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 多轮对话（需求 5.2）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('多轮对话（需求 5.2）', () => {
+    it('以设定角色应答并逐轮记录学生输入与系统应答（需求 5.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      const r1 = await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+      expect(isOk(r1)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(r1)) {
+        expect(r1.value.index).toBe(1);
+        expect(r1.value.studentInput).toBe('你哪里不舒服？');
+        expect(r1.value.systemResponse.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(r1.value.role).toBe('标准化病人');
+        // 系统应答附可信度标注且可溯源（绑定权威知识源，需求 16）。
+        expect(r1.value.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(r1.value.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+      }
+
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      const r2 = await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '疼痛持续多久了？');
+      expect(isOk(r2)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(r2)) {
+        expect(r2.value.index).toBe(2);
+      }
+
+      // 逐轮记录持久化（需求 5.2）。
+      const stored = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+      expect(stored?.turns.length).toBe(2);
+      expect(stored?.turns[0].studentInput).toBe('你哪里不舒服？');
+      expect(stored?.turns[1].studentInput).toBe('疼痛持续多久了？');
+    });
+
+    it('支持最多 50 轮对话，第 51 轮被拒绝（需求 5.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS; i += 1) {
+        h.clock.advance(100);
+        const r = await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, `第 ${i + 1} 轮提问`);
+        expect(isOk(r)).toBe(true);
+      }
+
+      const stored = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+      expect(stored?.turns.length).toBe(MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS);
+
+      // 第 51 轮：超出上限被拒绝（需求 5.2）。
+      const overflow = await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '第 51 轮提问');
+      expect(isErr(overflow)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(overflow)) {
+        expect(overflow.error.code).toBe(CODE_TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED);
+      }
+      // 对话记录保持 50 轮不变。
+      const after = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+      expect(after?.turns.length).toBe(MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS);
+    });
+
+    it('空学生输入被拒绝、不记录该轮（需求 5.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+
+      const result = await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '   ');
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT);
+      }
+      const stored = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+      expect(stored?.turns.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('对不存在会话发送对话时拒绝（需求 5.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.sendTurn('no-session', '你好');
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('对已结束会话发送对话时拒绝（需求 5.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+      await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      const result = await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '还有补充吗？');
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 结束并生成三维报告（需求 5.3、5.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('结束并生成三维报告（需求 5.3、5.4）', () => {
+    it('生成含问诊完整性/临床推理/医患沟通三维评估方面的报告（需求 5.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '疼痛性质如何？');
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const report = result.value;
+        // 恰含三个评估方面（需求 5.3）。
+        expect(report.dimensions.length).toBe(
+          DIALOGUE_ASSESSMENT_DIMENSIONS.length,
+        );
+        const dims = new Set(report.dimensions.map((d) => d.dimension));
+        for (const dim of DIALOGUE_ASSESSMENT_DIMENSIONS) {
+          expect(dims.has(dim)).toBe(true);
+        }
+        // 每个方面评分在 0-100（需求 5.3）。
+        for (const d of report.dimensions) {
+          expect(d.score).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+          expect(d.score).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        }
+        expect(report.overallScore).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(report.overallScore).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        // 报告附可信度标注（需求 5.3、16）。
+        expect(report.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(report.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(report.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        expect(report.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(report.turnCount).toBe(2);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 30 秒内生成报告（需求 5.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(30_000);
+    });
+
+    it('报告结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 5.4）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        // 报告记录了映射记录标识（需求 5.4）。
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        // 能力图谱中确有该学生的映射记录，来源为临床情景对话对练。
+        const mappings = await h.mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(
+          mappings.every(
+            (m) => m.source === ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice,
+          ),
+        ).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('报告持久化并将会话置为已结束（需求 5.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const storedReport = await h.repository.findReportBySession(sessionId);
+        expect(storedReport?.id).toBe(result.value.id);
+        const storedSession = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+        expect(storedSession?.status).toBe(DialogueSessionStatus.Finished);
+        expect(storedSession?.finishedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('能为零轮对话生成报告（评分仍有界，需求 5.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.turnCount).toBe(0);
+        for (const d of result.value.dimensions) {
+          expect(d.score).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+          expect(d.score).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('已结束会话不可重复生成报告（数据保全）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+      await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      const again = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isErr(again)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(again)) {
+        expect(again.error.code).toBe(CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('对不存在会话生成报告时拒绝（需求 5.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue('no-session');
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 报告生成错误路径（需求 5.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('报告生成失败/超时（需求 5.6）', () => {
+    it('报告生成失败时中止、保留对话记录不变、提示失败（需求 5.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '疼痛性质如何？');
+
+      const before = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+
+      // 报告正文生成阶段失败（情景呈现与逐轮应答已完成）。
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe('GENERATION.FAILED');
+      }
+      // 数据保全：对话记录不变、会话仍进行中、未生成报告（需求 5.6）。
+      const after = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+      expect(after?.status).toBe(DialogueSessionStatus.InProgress);
+      expect(after?.turns.length).toBe(before?.turns.length);
+      expect(after?.finishedAt).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(JSON.stringify(after?.turns)).toBe(JSON.stringify(before?.turns));
+      expect(await h.repository.findReportBySession(sessionId)).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('报告生成超出 30 秒时限时中止、保留对话记录不变、提示失败（需求 5.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+
+      const before = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+
+      // 注入极短预算定向触发超时竞速分支：从原型取真实实现，spy 覆盖后以极短预算调用。
+      const tinyBudget = 1;
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(h.service) as {
+        generateReportWithBudget: (
+          session: unknown,
+          budgetMs: number,
+        ) => unknown;
+      };
+      const originalFn = proto.generateReportWithBudget;
+      const spy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'generateReportWithBudget')
+        .mockImplementation(function (this: unknown, session: unknown) {
+          return originalFn.call(this, session, tinyBudget);
+        });
+      // 让网关在抛错前延迟，超过极短预算，确保命中超时分支而非失败分支。
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('timeout', 50);
+
+      const result = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe('GENERATION.TIMEOUT');
+        expect(result.error.details?.limitMs).toBe(tinyBudget);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：对话记录与会话状态不变（需求 5.6）。
+      const after = await h.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+      expect(after?.status).toBe(DialogueSessionStatus.InProgress);
+      expect(JSON.stringify(after?.turns)).toBe(JSON.stringify(before?.turns));
+      expect(await h.repository.findReportBySession(sessionId)).toBeNull();
+
+      spy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('报告生成失败后会话仍可在网关恢复后成功生成报告（保留记录可续）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const sessionId = await startSession(h);
+      h.clock.advance(1_000);
+      await h.service.sendTurn(sessionId, '你哪里不舒服？');
+
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+      const failed = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+      expect(isErr(failed)).toBe(true);
+
+      // 网关恢复后再次结束应成功（对话记录被保留，需求 5.6）。
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('success');
+      const ok2 = await h.service.finishDialogue(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(ok2)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(ok2)) {
+        expect(ok2.value.turnCount).toBe(1);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // 错误码常量自洽性（防回归）。
+  it('定义了报告失败/超时错误码常量', () => {
+    expect(CODE_REPORT_GENERATION_FAILED).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(CODE_REPORT_TIMEOUT).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.service.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdee506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+  SourceRef,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { GenerationError, ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AIOutputKind, AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSource,
+  AuthoritativeSourceRef,
+  CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER,
+  CODE_EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT,
+  CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+  CODE_SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+  CODE_TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+  CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY,
+  ClinicalScenario,
+  ClinicalScenarioProvider,
+  DIALOGUE_ASSESSMENT_DIMENSIONS,
+  DIALOGUE_CLOCK,
+  DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_NAMES,
+  DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_TAGS,
+  ClinicalDialogueRepository,
+  DialogueAssessmentDimension,
+  DialogueClock,
+  DialogueDimensionScore,
+  DialogueReport,
+  DialogueSession,
+  DialogueSessionStatus,
+  DialogueTurn,
+  MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS,
+  REPORT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  REPORT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  SCENARIO_PRESENTATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+} from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/** 内部信号：区分报告生成预算超时与一般生成失败（与 ai-evaluation / practice-engine 一致）。 */
+class ReportTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练服务（需求 5，对应 design.md 组件 4「临床情景对话对练」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块概念上建立于 Skill_Center 之上，实际主要复用：
+ * - AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY`）：经统一网关生成情景呈现、逐轮系统应答与报告正文
+ *   （design.md：所有大模型调用统一经 AI 网关）。
+ * - AI 可信层（`AITrustService.wrap`）：为对练报告统一附加可信度标注与来源溯源
+ *   （需求 5.3、16）。
+ * - 能力图谱（`CompetencyMappingService.mapData`）：将三维结果按能力标签映射到
+ *   能力图谱（需求 5.4，来源标记为 `ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice`）。
+ *
+ * 接口（对齐 design.md）：
+ * - `startDialogue()`：发起对练。须绑定 ≥1 权威知识源，否则阻止启动、不创建对话记录、
+ *   返回提示（需求 5.5）；成功时在 10 秒内基于绑定权威知识源呈现临床情景（需求 5.1）。
+ * - `sendTurn()`：多轮对话，最多 50 轮（需求 5.2）；系统以设定角色应答，逐轮记录学生
+ *   输入与系统应答（需求 5.2）。
+ * - `finishDialogue()`：30 秒内生成含问诊完整性/临床推理/医患沟通三维评估方面的报告
+ *   （需求 5.3）并按能力标签映射能力图谱（需求 5.4）；生成失败或超时时中止、保留对话
+ *   记录不变、返回失败提示（需求 5.6）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径数据保全（需求 5.5、5.6）：
+ * - 未绑定权威知识源时在创建会话之前即拒绝，不向仓库写入任何对话记录（需求 5.5）。
+ * - 报告生成失败/超时时仅返回错误、不调用 `updateSession`，对话会话保持不变（需求 5.6）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ClinicalDialogueService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly aiGateway: AIGateway,
+    @Inject(CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER)
+    private readonly scenarioProvider: ClinicalScenarioProvider,
+    @Inject(CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: ClinicalDialogueRepository,
+    @Inject(DIALOGUE_CLOCK)
+    private readonly clock: DialogueClock,
+    private readonly aiTrust: AITrustService,
+    private readonly competencyMapping: CompetencyMappingService,
+    private readonly competencyTags: CompetencyTagService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 发起一次临床情景对话对练（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 获取情景；情景不存在时返回 `ValidationError`（`DIALOGUE.SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND`），
+   *    不创建对话记录。
+   * 2. 解析情景绑定的、当前可用的权威知识源：
+   *    - 为空（未绑定任何可用权威知识源）→ 阻止对练启动、不创建对话记录，返回表明
+   *      缺少权威知识源无法启动的提示（需求 5.5）。
+   *    - ≥1 条 → 在 10 秒预算内基于绑定权威知识源经 AI 网关呈现临床情景（需求 5.1）；
+   *      呈现失败或超时时降级为使用情景自身描述呈现（不阻塞启动）。
+   * 3. 创建「进行中」会话并持久化后返回（需求 5.1、5.2）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 发起对练的学生标识。
+   * @param scenarioId 临床情景标识。
+   * @returns 成功时返回新建的对话会话；情景不存在或未绑定权威知识源时返回
+   *   `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async startDialogue(
+    studentId: string,
+    scenarioId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<DialogueSession, ValidationError>> {
+    // 1. 获取情景（需求 5.1）。
+    const scenario = await this.scenarioProvider.getScenario(scenarioId);
+    if (!scenario) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND,
+          `临床情景不存在：${scenarioId}`,
+          { scenarioId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 解析绑定的、当前可用的权威知识源（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+    const sources = await this.scenarioProvider.getAuthoritativeSources(
+      scenario.authoritativeSourceIds ?? [],
+    );
+    if (sources.length === 0) {
+      // 需求 5.5：未绑定任何权威知识源 → 阻止启动、不创建对话记录、提示。
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+          '该临床情景未绑定任何权威知识源，无法启动临床情景对话对练',
+          { scenarioId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 在 10 秒预算内基于绑定权威知识源呈现情景（需求 5.1）；失败/超时降级为情景描述。
+    const presentedScenario = await this.presentScenarioWithBudget(
+      scenario,
+      sources,
+      SCENARIO_PRESENTATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+
+    const now = this.clock.now();
+    const session: DialogueSession = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      scenarioId: scenario.id,
+      scenarioTitle: scenario.title,
+      presentedScenario,
+      systemRole: scenario.systemRole,
+      authoritativeSources: this.toSourceRefs(sources),
+      competencyTagIds: [...(scenario.competencyTagIds ?? [])],
+      turns: [],
+      status: DialogueSessionStatus.InProgress,
+      startedAt: now,
+    };
+
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveSession(session);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 进行一轮对话：采集学生输入并以设定角色生成系统应答，逐轮记录（需求 5.2）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验会话存在且处于「进行中」（否则拒绝，保留对话记录）。
+   * 2. 校验学生输入非空。
+   * 3. 校验未超出最多 50 轮上限（需求 5.2）；已达上限则拒绝该轮。
+   * 4. 经 AI 网关以情景设定的对话角色、绑定权威知识源生成系统应答（需求 5.2）。
+   * 5. 记录该轮学生输入与系统应答并持久化会话（需求 5.2）。
+   *
+   * @param sessionId 对话会话标识。
+   * @param studentInput 学生本轮输入（需求 5.2）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回本轮对话记录；非法会话/状态/输入或超出轮数上限时返回
+   *   `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async sendTurn(
+    sessionId: string,
+    studentInput: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<DialogueTurn, ValidationError>> {
+    // 1. 会话存在且「进行中」。
+    const session = await this.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+          `对话会话不存在：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    if (session.status !== DialogueSessionStatus.InProgress) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+          `对话会话已结束，无法继续对话：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId, status: session.status },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 学生输入非空（需求 5.2：以学生输入进行一轮提问）。
+    const trimmedInput = (studentInput ?? '').trim();
+    if (trimmedInput === '') {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT,
+          '学生输入不能为空',
+          { sessionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 最多 50 轮（需求 5.2）；已达上限则拒绝该轮、保留对话记录不变。
+    if (session.turns.length >= MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+          `已达到最多 ${MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS} 轮对话上限`,
+          { sessionId, maxTurns: MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 4. 经 AI 网关以设定角色生成系统应答（需求 5.2）。
+    const sourceRefs = session.authoritativeSources;
+    const generation = await this.aiGateway.generate(
+      this.buildTurnPrompt(session, trimmedInput),
+    );
+
+    // 5. 记录该轮并持久化会话（需求 5.2）。
+    const now = this.clock.now();
+    const turn: DialogueTurn = {
+      index: session.turns.length + 1,
+      studentInput: trimmedInput,
+      systemResponse: generation.content,
+      role: session.systemRole,
+      annotation: this.annotationWithSources(generation, sourceRefs),
+      respondedAt: now,
+    };
+
+    const updated: DialogueSession = {
+      ...session,
+      turns: [...session.turns, turn],
+    };
+    await this.repository.updateSession(updated);
+
+    return ok(turn);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 结束一次对练并生成三维评估报告（需求 5.3、5.4、5.6）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验会话存在且处于「进行中」（已结束会话不可重复生成报告，保留对话记录）。
+   * 2. 在 30 秒预算内经 AI 网关生成报告正文（需求 5.3）；生成失败或超时时中止、
+   *    保留对话记录不变（不调用 `updateSession`）、返回表明报告生成失败的提示
+   *    （需求 5.6）。
+   * 3. 计算问诊完整性、临床推理、医患沟通三个评估方面的评分（各 0-100，需求 5.3），
+   *    并经 AI 可信层 `AITrustService.wrap` 统一附加可信度标注（需求 5.3、16）。
+   * 4. 将三维结果按能力标签在 5 秒预算内映射到能力图谱（需求 5.4，来源标记为
+   *    `ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice`）。
+   * 5. 持久化报告并将会话置为「已结束」。
+   *
+   * @param sessionId 对话会话标识。
+   * @returns 成功时返回三维评估报告；非法会话/状态返回 `ValidationError`；报告生成
+   *   失败或超时返回 `GenerationError`（需求 5.6）。
+   */
+  async finishDialogue(
+    sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<DialogueReport, ValidationError | GenerationError>> {
+    // 1. 会话存在且「进行中」。
+    const session = await this.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+          `对话会话不存在：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    if (session.status !== DialogueSessionStatus.InProgress) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+          `对话会话已结束，无法重复生成报告：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId, status: session.status },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 在 30 秒预算内生成报告正文（需求 5.3）；失败/超时中止并保留对话记录（需求 5.6）。
+    const generation = await this.generateReportWithBudget(
+      session,
+      REPORT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (isErr(generation)) {
+      // 需求 5.6：中止本次报告生成、保留对话记录不变（不修改会话）、返回失败提示。
+      return generation;
+    }
+
+    // 3. 计算三维评分（需求 5.3）并经 AI 可信层封装可信度标注（需求 5.3、16）。
+    const dimensions = await this.scoreDimensions(session);
+    const overallScore = this.round2(
+      dimensions.reduce((sum, d) => sum + d.score, 0) / dimensions.length,
+    );
+
+    const basisSources = session.authoritativeSources.map((s) =>
+      this.toSourceRef(s),
+    );
+    const combinedSources = this.mergeSources(
+      basisSources,
+      generation.value.annotation.sources,
+    );
+    const wrapped = this.aiTrust.wrap({
+      content: generation.value.content,
+      sources: combinedSources,
+      confidence: generation.value.annotation.confidence,
+      kind: AIOutputKind.Evaluation,
+    });
+
+    const reportId = randomUUID();
+
+    // 4. 将三维结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（5 秒预算内，需求 5.4）。
+    const competencyMappingIds = await this.mapReportToGraph(
+      session.studentId,
+      reportId,
+      dimensions,
+      overallScore,
+    );
+
+    const now = this.clock.now();
+    const report: DialogueReport = {
+      id: reportId,
+      sessionId: session.id,
+      studentId: session.studentId,
+      scenarioId: session.scenarioId,
+      dimensions,
+      overallScore,
+      annotation: wrapped.annotation,
+      trustOutputId: wrapped.id,
+      competencyMappingIds,
+      turnCount: session.turns.length,
+      generatedAt: now,
+    };
+
+    // 5. 持久化报告并结束会话。
+    const savedReport = await this.repository.saveReport(report);
+    await this.repository.updateSession({
+      ...session,
+      status: DialogueSessionStatus.Finished,
+      finishedAt: now,
+    });
+
+    return ok(savedReport);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 情景呈现（需求 5.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在 10 秒预算内基于绑定权威知识源呈现临床情景（需求 5.1）。
+   *
+   * 经 AI 网关辅助生成情景呈现文本（绑定权威来源以便溯源）；超过预算或生成失败时
+   * 降级为情景自身描述（不阻塞启动，仍满足需求 5.1 的「呈现一个临床情景」）。
+   */
+  private async presentScenarioWithBudget(
+    scenario: ClinicalScenario,
+    sources: AuthoritativeSource[],
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<string> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const generation = await Promise.race([
+        this.aiGateway
+          .generate(this.buildPresentationPrompt(scenario, sources))
+          .catch(() => undefined),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      if (generation && generation.content) {
+        return `${scenario.description}\n\n${generation.content}`;
+      }
+      // 降级：使用情景自身描述呈现。
+      return scenario.description;
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 报告生成预算（需求 5.3、5.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内经 AI 网关生成报告正文（需求 5.3 的 30 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用与 ai-evaluation / practice-engine 一致的超时竞速预算：
+   * - 网关抛错（生成失败）映射为 `GenerationError.failed`（需求 5.6）。
+   * - 超过预算未返回由超时竞速终止并映射为 `GenerationError.timedOut`（需求 5.6）。
+   *
+   * 两个失败分支均不修改对话会话数据（数据保全，需求 5.6）。
+   */
+  private async generateReportWithBudget(
+    session: DialogueSession,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<Result<AIGenerationResult, GenerationError>> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new ReportTimeoutSignal()), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const result = await Promise.race([
+        this.aiGateway.generate(this.buildReportPrompt(session)),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(result);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof ReportTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(GenerationError.timedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(GenerationError.failed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 三维评分（需求 5.3）与能力图谱映射（需求 5.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 计算问诊完整性、临床推理、医患沟通三个评估方面的评分（需求 5.3）。
+   *
+   * 评分基于对话轮数等可观察特征以确定性公式给出，恒钳制到 [0, 100]。每个方面解析
+   * 其默认能力标签（需求 5.4），仅当该标签为能力图谱已定义标签时随评分携带，避免
+   * 引用未定义标签（呼应需求 14.3）。
+   */
+  private async scoreDimensions(
+    session: DialogueSession,
+  ): Promise<DialogueDimensionScore[]> {
+    const turnCount = session.turns.length;
+    const dimensions: DialogueDimensionScore[] = [];
+
+    for (const dimension of DIALOGUE_ASSESSMENT_DIMENSIONS) {
+      const score = this.computeDimensionScore(dimension, turnCount);
+      const candidateTagId = DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_TAGS[dimension];
+      const isDefined = candidateTagId
+        ? await this.competencyTags.isDefinedTag(candidateTagId)
+        : false;
+      dimensions.push({
+        dimension,
+        dimensionName: DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_NAMES[dimension],
+        score,
+        competencyTagId: isDefined ? candidateTagId : undefined,
+        comment: this.buildDimensionComment(dimension, score, turnCount),
+      });
+    }
+
+    return dimensions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由对话轮数确定性计算单个评估方面的评分，恒落在 [0, 100]（需求 5.3）。
+   *
+   * 轮数越多视为问诊推进越充分，对应方面评分越高，并以上限 100 钳制。各方面采用不同
+   * 基线以体现差异化评估口径。
+   */
+  private computeDimensionScore(
+    dimension: DialogueAssessmentDimension,
+    turnCount: number,
+  ): number {
+    let base: number;
+    let perTurn: number;
+    switch (dimension) {
+      case DialogueAssessmentDimension.HistoryTakingCompleteness:
+        base = 40;
+        perTurn = 8;
+        break;
+      case DialogueAssessmentDimension.ClinicalReasoning:
+        base = 35;
+        perTurn = 9;
+        break;
+      case DialogueAssessmentDimension.DoctorPatientCommunication:
+      default:
+        base = 50;
+        perTurn = 6;
+        break;
+    }
+    return this.clampScore(base + turnCount * perTurn);
+  }
+
+  /** 构造单个评估方面的简要评语。 */
+  private buildDimensionComment(
+    dimension: DialogueAssessmentDimension,
+    score: number,
+    turnCount: number,
+  ): string {
+    const name = DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_NAMES[dimension];
+    return `「${name}」评分 ${score}（基于 ${turnCount} 轮对话）。`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将三维结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 5.4）。
+   *
+   * 收集三个评估方面携带的、且为能力图谱已定义的能力标签（去重、截断至映射上限
+   * `MAX_MAPPING_TAGS`，呼应需求 14.2），以综合评分作为分值贡献，调用
+   * `CompetencyMappingService.mapData()` 写入映射记录（来源标记为临床情景对话对练）。
+   * 整个映射在 5 秒预算内完成（需求 5.4）；无任何已定义标签时不创建映射记录。
+   *
+   * @returns 创建的映射记录标识集合。
+   */
+  private async mapReportToGraph(
+    studentId: string,
+    reportId: string,
+    dimensions: DialogueDimensionScore[],
+    overallScore: number,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    const definedTagIds = [
+      ...new Set(
+        dimensions
+          .map((d) => d.competencyTagId)
+          .filter((id): id is string => Boolean(id)),
+      ),
+    ].slice(0, MAX_MAPPING_TAGS);
+
+    if (definedTagIds.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    const mapped = await this.withBudget(
+      this.competencyMapping.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice,
+        {
+          studentId,
+          referenceId: reportId,
+          score: overallScore,
+          metadata: { kind: 'clinical_dialogue_report' },
+        },
+        definedTagIds,
+      ),
+      REPORT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+
+    if (mapped && mapped.ok) {
+      return [mapped.value.id];
+    }
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 工具方法
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内等待一个 Promise 完成（需求 5.4 的 5 秒映射上限保护）。
+   *
+   * 采用超时竞速：超过预算未完成则返回 undefined（降级为不写入映射，不阻塞报告生成）。
+   * 映射本身为内存/单库级别操作，正常恒在预算内完成。
+   */
+  private async withBudget<T>(
+    promise: Promise<T>,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<T | undefined> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), budgetMs);
+      });
+      return await Promise.race([promise, timeout]);
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 将权威知识源投影为对话会话上的绑定引用（需求 5.1）。 */
+  private toSourceRefs(
+    sources: AuthoritativeSource[],
+  ): AuthoritativeSourceRef[] {
+    return sources.map((s) => ({
+      sourceId: s.id,
+      title: s.title,
+      citation: s.citation,
+      type: s.type,
+    }));
+  }
+
+  /** 将一条绑定引用投影为可信度标注来源（需求 16.2）。 */
+  private toSourceRef(ref: AuthoritativeSourceRef): SourceRef {
+    return {
+      id: ref.sourceId,
+      title: ref.title,
+      citation: ref.citation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 在 AI 生成结果的标注上补充绑定权威知识源来源（需求 5.2、16.2）。
+   *
+   * 系统应答以绑定权威知识源为依据，故将会话绑定来源并入标注来源，保证标注可溯源。
+   */
+  private annotationWithSources(
+    generation: AIGenerationResult,
+    refs: AuthoritativeSourceRef[],
+  ) {
+    const merged = this.mergeSources(
+      refs.map((r) => this.toSourceRef(r)),
+      generation.annotation.sources,
+    );
+    return {
+      sources: merged,
+      confidence: generation.annotation.confidence,
+      verified: merged.length >= 1,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 合并两组来源，按来源 id 去重（保留首次出现顺序）。 */
+  private mergeSources(
+    primary: SourceRef[],
+    secondary: SourceRef[],
+  ): SourceRef[] {
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    const merged: SourceRef[] = [];
+    for (const source of [...primary, ...(secondary ?? [])]) {
+      if (seen.has(source.id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      seen.add(source.id);
+      merged.push({ ...source });
+    }
+    return merged;
+  }
+
+  /** 将分值钳制到 [0, 100]。 */
+  private clampScore(value: number): number {
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (value < 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (value > 100) {
+      return 100;
+    }
+    return Math.round(value);
+  }
+
+  /** 四舍五入到两位小数（分值口径统一）。 */
+  private round2(value: number): number {
+    return Math.round(value * 100) / 100;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 提示词构造
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** 构造情景呈现的 AI 网关生成请求，绑定权威来源以便溯源（需求 5.1）。 */
+  private buildPresentationPrompt(
+    scenario: ClinicalScenario,
+    sources: AuthoritativeSource[],
+  ): AIGenerationRequest {
+    return {
+      prompt:
+        `请基于以下权威知识源，以「${scenario.systemRole}」角色呈现临床情景「` +
+        `${scenario.title}」：${scenario.description}`,
+      sources: sources.map((s) => ({
+        id: s.id,
+        title: s.title,
+        citation: s.citation,
+      })),
+      timeoutMs: SCENARIO_PRESENTATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 构造单轮系统应答的 AI 网关生成请求（需求 5.2）。 */
+  private buildTurnPrompt(
+    session: DialogueSession,
+    studentInput: string,
+  ): AIGenerationRequest {
+    return {
+      prompt:
+        `临床情景「${session.scenarioTitle}」。你扮演「${session.systemRole}」，` +
+        `请基于绑定权威知识源回应学生本轮提问：${studentInput}`,
+      sources: session.authoritativeSources.map((s) => ({
+        id: s.sourceId,
+        title: s.title,
+        citation: s.citation,
+      })),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 构造报告正文的 AI 网关生成请求，绑定权威来源以便溯源（需求 5.3）。 */
+  private buildReportPrompt(session: DialogueSession): AIGenerationRequest {
+    return {
+      prompt:
+        `请基于以下 ${session.turns.length} 轮临床情景对话，从问诊完整性、临床推理与` +
+        `医患沟通三个方面生成对练报告：情景「${session.scenarioTitle}」。`,
+      sources: session.authoritativeSources.map((s) => ({
+        id: s.sourceId,
+        title: s.title,
+        citation: s.citation,
+      })),
+      timeoutMs: REPORT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.types.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6fa758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/clinical-dialogue.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练（Clinical_Dialogue_Practice）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 5：临床情景对话对练（模拟问诊），对应 design.md 组件 4。本文件聚焦
+ * "模型 + 抽象"：
+ * - `ClinicalScenario` / `ClinicalScenarioProvider`：临床情景与其权威知识源绑定的
+ *   来源抽象（与 practice-engine 的 `CourseContentProvider` 一致的可替换风格）。
+ * - `AuthoritativeSource` / `AuthoritativeSourceRef`：权威知识源及其在对话会话上的
+ *   绑定引用（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ * - `DialogueSession` / `DialogueTurn`：多轮对话会话与逐轮记录（需求 5.2）。
+ * - `DialogueReport` / `DialogueDimensionScore`：三维评估报告（需求 5.3）。
+ * - `ClinicalDialogueRepository`：会话与报告的持久化抽象（接口 + DI 令牌）。
+ * - `DialogueClock`：计时时钟抽象，使时间戳在测试中可控。
+ *
+ * 本模块概念上建立于 Skill_Center 之上，实际主要复用：AI 网关
+ * （`@infra/ai-gateway`）、AI 可信层（`@modules/ai-trust`）与能力图谱
+ * （`@modules/competency-graph`）。
+ */
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+/**
+ * 权威知识源类型（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ *
+ * 权威知识源指经认证的教材、临床指南、官方题库等可信内容来源。临床情景须绑定
+ * 至少一个权威知识源方可启动对练（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ */
+export enum AuthoritativeSourceType {
+  /** 教材。 */
+  Textbook = 'textbook',
+  /** 临床指南。 */
+  ClinicalGuideline = 'clinical_guideline',
+  /** 官方题库 / 标准化病例库。 */
+  OfficialQuestionBank = 'official_question_bank',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 权威知识源（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：`citation` 为该来源的引用标识（如教材章节号、指南编号、病例库条目号），
+ * 对话会话绑定该来源时记录其引用标识，供报告可信度标注溯源（需求 5.3、16）。
+ */
+export interface AuthoritativeSource {
+  /** 来源唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 来源标题（如教材名、指南名）。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 引用标识（如章节号、指南编号、病例库条目号）。 */
+  citation: string;
+  /** 来源类型。 */
+  type: AuthoritativeSourceType;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对话会话上的权威知识源绑定引用（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ *
+ * 由 `AuthoritativeSource` 投影而来，随对话会话持久化，记录被绑定来源的引用标识。
+ */
+export interface AuthoritativeSourceRef {
+  /** 被绑定的权威知识源标识。 */
+  sourceId: string;
+  /** 来源标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 引用标识。 */
+  citation: string;
+  /** 来源类型。 */
+  type: AuthoritativeSourceType;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `authoritativeSourceIds` 声明该情景可绑定的权威知识源标识集合：
+ *   - 非空且对应来源可用 → 可启动对练并呈现情景（需求 5.1）。
+ *   - 为空或对应来源全部不可用 → 阻止对练启动（需求 5.5）。
+ * - `systemRole` 为系统应答时扮演的对话角色（需求 5.2，如「标准化病人」）。
+ */
+export interface ClinicalScenario {
+  /** 情景唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 情景标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 情景描述（呈现给学生的临床背景，需求 5.1）。 */
+  description: string;
+  /** 系统应答时扮演的对话角色（需求 5.2，如「标准化病人」「患者家属」）。 */
+  systemRole: string;
+  /** 该情景可绑定的权威知识源标识集合（需求 5.1、5.5）。 */
+  authoritativeSourceIds: string[];
+  /** 该情景对应的能力标签标识（可选，供能力图谱映射，需求 5.4）。 */
+  competencyTagIds?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景与权威知识源提供方抽象（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ *
+ * 将「情景获取」与「权威知识源解析」与具体后端解耦：
+ * - 默认实现为内存可配置版（`MockClinicalScenarioProvider`），便于测试与默认装配；
+ * - 后续可由对接真实情景库 / 权威知识源库的适配器实现，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface ClinicalScenarioProvider {
+  /**
+   * 获取临床情景（需求 5.1）。情景不存在时返回 null。
+   */
+  getScenario(scenarioId: string): Promise<ClinicalScenario | null>;
+  /**
+   * 解析一组权威知识源标识为当前**可用**的权威知识源（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+   *
+   * 仅返回当前可用的来源；不可用或不存在的标识被剔除，从而当情景绑定的全部来源
+   * 都不可用时返回空数组，触发阻止启动（需求 5.5）。
+   */
+  getAuthoritativeSources(
+    sourceIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<AuthoritativeSource[]>;
+}
+
+/** 临床情景提供方的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER = Symbol('CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER');
+
+/** 对话会话状态。 */
+export enum DialogueSessionStatus {
+  /** 进行中：可继续多轮对话（需求 5.2）。 */
+  InProgress = 'in_progress',
+  /** 已结束：已生成对练报告（需求 5.3）。 */
+  Finished = 'finished',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单轮对话记录（需求 5.2）。
+ *
+ * 每一轮结束后记录该轮的学生输入与系统应答内容（需求 5.2）。
+ */
+export interface DialogueTurn {
+  /** 轮次序号（从 1 起，需求 5.2：最多 50 轮）。 */
+  index: number;
+  /** 学生输入（需求 5.2）。 */
+  studentInput: string;
+  /** 系统应答内容（需求 5.2）。 */
+  systemResponse: string;
+  /** 系统应答所扮演的对话角色（需求 5.2）。 */
+  role: string;
+  /** 系统应答的可信度标注（绑定权威知识源溯源，需求 16）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 该轮记录时间。 */
+  respondedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话会话（需求 5.1、5.2）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `authoritativeSources` 至少包含一条权威知识源绑定（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ * - `turns` 数量恒落在 [0, 50]（需求 5.2：最多 50 轮）。
+ */
+export interface DialogueSession {
+  /** 会话唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源情景标识。 */
+  scenarioId: string;
+  /** 情景标题。 */
+  scenarioTitle: string;
+  /** 呈现给学生的临床情景文本（需求 5.1）。 */
+  presentedScenario: string;
+  /** 系统应答所扮演的对话角色（需求 5.2）。 */
+  systemRole: string;
+  /** 绑定的权威知识源引用（≥1 条，需求 5.1、5.5）。 */
+  authoritativeSources: AuthoritativeSourceRef[];
+  /** 关联的能力标签标识（供报告映射能力图谱，需求 5.4）。 */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  /** 逐轮对话记录（需求 5.2）。 */
+  turns: DialogueTurn[];
+  /** 会话状态。 */
+  status: DialogueSessionStatus;
+  /** 会话开始时间（情景呈现时间，需求 5.1）。 */
+  startedAt: Date;
+  /** 会话结束时间（结束后存在，需求 5.3）。 */
+  finishedAt?: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 三维评估方面（需求 5.3）。
+ *
+ * 对练报告应包含问诊完整性、临床推理与医患沟通三个评估方面（需求 5.3）。
+ */
+export enum DialogueAssessmentDimension {
+  /** 问诊完整性。 */
+  HistoryTakingCompleteness = 'history_taking_completeness',
+  /** 临床推理。 */
+  ClinicalReasoning = 'clinical_reasoning',
+  /** 医患沟通。 */
+  DoctorPatientCommunication = 'doctor_patient_communication',
+}
+
+/** 全部三个评估方面（供报告生成遍历，需求 5.3）。 */
+export const DIALOGUE_ASSESSMENT_DIMENSIONS: readonly DialogueAssessmentDimension[] =
+  Object.values(DialogueAssessmentDimension) as DialogueAssessmentDimension[];
+
+/** 三个评估方面的中文名称（用于报告呈现，需求 5.3）。 */
+export const DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_NAMES: Readonly<
+  Record<DialogueAssessmentDimension, string>
+> = {
+  [DialogueAssessmentDimension.HistoryTakingCompleteness]: '问诊完整性',
+  [DialogueAssessmentDimension.ClinicalReasoning]: '临床推理',
+  [DialogueAssessmentDimension.DoctorPatientCommunication]: '医患沟通',
+};
+
+/**
+ * 三个评估方面到能力图谱能力标签的默认映射（需求 5.4）。
+ *
+ * 报告生成时按能力标签将三维结果映射到能力图谱（需求 5.4）。下列标签均为能力图谱
+ * 默认统一标签体系中的已定义标签：
+ * - 问诊完整性 → 病史采集（`tag.clinical.history-taking`）。
+ * - 临床推理 → 临床决策（`tag.clinical.decision`）。
+ * - 医患沟通 → 医患沟通（`tag.humanistic.communication`）。
+ *
+ * 映射前仍会经 `CompetencyTagService.isDefinedTag` 校验，未定义标签将被剔除
+ * （呼应需求 14.3）。
+ */
+export const DIALOGUE_DIMENSION_TAGS: Readonly<
+  Record<DialogueAssessmentDimension, string>
+> = {
+  [DialogueAssessmentDimension.HistoryTakingCompleteness]:
+    'tag.clinical.history-taking',
+  [DialogueAssessmentDimension.ClinicalReasoning]: 'tag.clinical.decision',
+  [DialogueAssessmentDimension.DoctorPatientCommunication]:
+    'tag.humanistic.communication',
+};
+
+/**
+ * 单个评估方面的评分（需求 5.3）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：`score` 恒落在 [0, 100]。
+ */
+export interface DialogueDimensionScore {
+  /** 评估方面。 */
+  dimension: DialogueAssessmentDimension;
+  /** 评估方面中文名称。 */
+  dimensionName: string;
+  /** 该方面评分（0-100）。 */
+  score: number;
+  /** 该方面映射到的能力标签标识（已定义标签，需求 5.4）。 */
+  competencyTagId?: string;
+  /** 该方面的简要评语。 */
+  comment: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练报告（需求 5.3、5.4）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `dimensions` 恰含问诊完整性、临床推理、医患沟通三个评估方面（需求 5.3）。
+ * - 每个方面 `score` 恒落在 [0, 100]，`overallScore` 亦然。
+ * - `annotation` 携带可信度标注（经 AI 可信层统一封装，需求 5.3、16）。
+ */
+export interface DialogueReport {
+  /** 报告唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 对应会话标识。 */
+  sessionId: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源情景标识。 */
+  scenarioId: string;
+  /** 三维评估方面评分（需求 5.3）。 */
+  dimensions: DialogueDimensionScore[];
+  /** 综合评分（0-100，三维均值）。 */
+  overallScore: number;
+  /** 报告整体可信度标注（需求 5.3、16）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  /** 结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 5.4）。 */
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  /** 本次对练总轮数。 */
+  turnCount: number;
+  /** 报告生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/** 单次对练允许的最大对话轮数（需求 5.2：最多 50 轮）。 */
+export const MAX_DIALOGUE_TURNS = 50;
+
+/**
+ * 情景呈现时限（毫秒，需求 5.1：10 秒内呈现情景）。
+ *
+ * 采用与 practice-engine / ai-evaluation 一致的超时竞速预算模式：情景呈现在该预算内
+ * 完成，超出预算时降级为使用情景自身描述呈现（不阻塞启动）。
+ */
+export const SCENARIO_PRESENTATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+
+/**
+ * 报告生成时限（毫秒，需求 5.3、5.6：30 秒内生成报告）。
+ *
+ * 报告在该预算内生成；生成失败或超出该时限时中止本次报告生成、保留对话记录不变，
+ * 并返回表明报告生成失败的提示（需求 5.6）。
+ */
+export const REPORT_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * 报告能力图谱映射预算（毫秒，需求 5.4）。
+ *
+ * 报告生成时按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 5.4）。映射为内存/单库查询级别，恒在该
+ * 预算内完成；采用超时竞速预算模式作为时延上界保护（与需求 14.2 的 5 秒口径一致）。
+ */
+export const REPORT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+/** 情景未绑定任何权威知识源、无法启动对练的错误码（需求 5.5）。 */
+export const CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE = 'DIALOGUE.NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE';
+
+/** 情景不存在、无法启动对练的错误码（需求 5.1）。 */
+export const CODE_SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND = 'DIALOGUE.SCENARIO_NOT_FOUND';
+
+/** 对话会话不存在的错误码（需求 5.2、5.3）。 */
+export const CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND = 'DIALOGUE.SESSION_NOT_FOUND';
+
+/** 对话会话非「进行中」状态（已结束）的错误码（需求 5.2、5.3）。 */
+export const CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS = 'DIALOGUE.SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS';
+
+/** 超出最多 50 轮对话上限的错误码（需求 5.2）。 */
+export const CODE_TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = 'DIALOGUE.TURN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED';
+
+/** 学生输入为空、无法进行该轮对话的错误码（需求 5.2）。 */
+export const CODE_EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT = 'DIALOGUE.EMPTY_STUDENT_INPUT';
+
+/** 报告生成失败的错误码（需求 5.6）。 */
+export const CODE_REPORT_GENERATION_FAILED = 'DIALOGUE.REPORT_GENERATION_FAILED';
+
+/** 报告生成超出时限的错误码（需求 5.6）。 */
+export const CODE_REPORT_TIMEOUT = 'DIALOGUE.REPORT_TIMEOUT';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与能力图谱、课程对练引擎等模块一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 负责对话会话与对练报告的持久化。
+ */
+export interface ClinicalDialogueRepository {
+  /** 持久化一个对话会话（需求 5.1）。 */
+  saveSession(session: DialogueSession): Promise<DialogueSession>;
+  /**
+   * 更新一个已存在的对话会话（逐轮推进与结束，需求 5.2、5.3）。
+   *
+   * 会话不存在时返回 null；存在时整体覆盖并返回更新后的会话。
+   */
+  updateSession(session: DialogueSession): Promise<DialogueSession | null>;
+  /** 按 id 查找对话会话，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findSession(id: string): Promise<DialogueSession | null>;
+  /** 列出全部对话会话。 */
+  listSessions(): Promise<DialogueSession[]>;
+  /** 统计对话会话总数（用于错误路径数据保全断言）。 */
+  countSessions(): Promise<number>;
+  /** 持久化一份对练报告（需求 5.3）。 */
+  saveReport(report: DialogueReport): Promise<DialogueReport>;
+  /** 按 id 查找对练报告，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findReport(id: string): Promise<DialogueReport | null>;
+  /** 按会话 id 查找对练报告，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findReportBySession(sessionId: string): Promise<DialogueReport | null>;
+}
+
+/** 临床情景对话对练持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY = Symbol('CLINICAL_DIALOGUE_REPOSITORY');
+
+/**
+ * 对话计时时钟抽象。
+ *
+ * 将「当前时间」与系统时钟解耦，使会话/轮次/报告的时间戳在测试中可控，
+ * 业务代码通过 `DIALOGUE_CLOCK` 令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface DialogueClock {
+  /** 返回当前时间。 */
+  now(): Date;
+}
+
+/** 对话计时时钟的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const DIALOGUE_CLOCK = Symbol('DIALOGUE_CLOCK');
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/entities/dialogue-report.entity.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/entities/dialogue-report.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dda5bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/entities/dialogue-report.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+import { DialogueDimensionScore } from '../clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练报告持久化实体（需求 5.3、5.4）。
+ *
+ * 表示某个对话会话结束后生成的三维评估报告，归属到会话、学生与来源情景。
+ * 嵌套结构以 JSONB 存储：
+ * - `dimensions`：三维评估方面评分（问诊完整性 / 临床推理 / 医患沟通，需求 5.3）。
+ * - `annotation`：报告整体可信度标注（绑定权威知识源溯源，需求 5.3、16）。
+ * - `competencyMappingIds`：结果映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 5.4）。
+ *
+ * `generatedAt` 为顶层时间字段，采用 `timestamptz`。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'dialogue_reports' })
+export class DialogueReportEntity {
+  /** 报告唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 对应会话标识（需求 5.3）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  sessionId!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 来源情景标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  scenarioId!: string;
+
+  /** 三维评估方面评分（需求 5.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  dimensions!: DialogueDimensionScore[];
+
+  /** 综合评分（0-100，三维均值）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'real' })
+  overallScore!: number;
+
+  /** 报告整体可信度标注（需求 5.3、16）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  annotation!: CredibilityAnnotation;
+
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  trustOutputId!: string;
+
+  /** 结果按能力标签映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 5.4）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  competencyMappingIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 本次对练总轮数。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'int' })
+  turnCount!: number;
+
+  /** 报告生成时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  generatedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/entities/dialogue-session.entity.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/entities/dialogue-session.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a540e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/entities/dialogue-session.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSourceRef,
+  DialogueSessionStatus,
+  DialogueTurn,
+} from '../clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话会话持久化实体（需求 5.1、5.2）。
+ *
+ * 表示一名学生针对某个临床情景发起的多轮对练会话，归属到学生账户与来源情景。
+ * 嵌套结构以 JSONB 存储：
+ * - `authoritativeSources`：绑定的权威知识源引用（≥1 条，需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ * - `competencyTagIds`：关联能力标签标识（需求 5.4）。
+ * - `turns`：逐轮对话记录（含 `annotation` 可信度标注与轮内 `respondedAt`，需求 5.2、16）。
+ *
+ * `startedAt` / `finishedAt` 为顶层时间字段，采用 `timestamptz`；轮内 `respondedAt`
+ * 随 `turns` 一并存于 JSONB，读出时由仓库映射层重建为 `Date`。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'dialogue_sessions' })
+export class DialogueSessionEntity {
+  /** 会话唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 来源情景标识（需求 5.1）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  scenarioId!: string;
+
+  /** 情景标题。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  scenarioTitle!: string;
+
+  /** 呈现给学生的临床情景文本（需求 5.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  presentedScenario!: string;
+
+  /** 系统应答所扮演的对话角色（需求 5.2，如「标准化病人」）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  systemRole!: string;
+
+  /** 绑定的权威知识源引用（≥1 条，需求 5.1、5.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  authoritativeSources!: AuthoritativeSourceRef[];
+
+  /** 关联的能力标签标识（需求 5.4）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  competencyTagIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 逐轮对话记录（含可信度标注与轮内时间，需求 5.2、16）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  turns!: DialogueTurn[];
+
+  /** 会话状态（进行中 / 已结束）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  status!: DialogueSessionStatus;
+
+  /** 会话开始时间（情景呈现时间，需求 5.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  startedAt!: Date;
+
+  /** 会话结束时间（结束后存在，需求 5.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz', nullable: true })
+  finishedAt?: Date | null;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/index.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4c7c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export * from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+export * from './clinical-dialogue.dto';
+export * from './mock-clinical-scenario.provider';
+export * from './system-dialogue-clock';
+export * from './clinical-dialogue.service';
+export * from './clinical-dialogue.controller';
+export * from './clinical-dialogue.module';
+export * from './entities/dialogue-session.entity';
+export * from './entities/dialogue-report.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-clinical-dialogue.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-clinical-dialogue.repository';
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/mock-clinical-scenario.provider.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/mock-clinical-scenario.provider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18d5752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/mock-clinical-scenario.provider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSource,
+  AuthoritativeSourceType,
+  ClinicalScenario,
+  ClinicalScenarioProvider,
+} from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * Mock 临床情景与权威知识源提供方（需求 5.1、5.5）。
+ *
+ * 内存可配置实现：用于测试与本地开发，替代真实情景库与权威知识源库。
+ * 与 practice-engine 的 `MockCourseContentProvider` 风格一致：
+ * - `setScenario`：登记一个临床情景（含其可绑定的权威源标识集合）。
+ * - `registerAuthoritativeSource`：登记一个权威知识源（含引用标识）。
+ * - `setSourceUnavailable` / `setSourceAvailable`：模拟权威知识源不可用，驱动
+ *   「情景未绑定任何可用权威知识源 → 阻止启动」的失败路径（需求 5.5）。
+ *
+ * 解析约定（`getAuthoritativeSources`）：仅返回当前**可用且已登记**的来源；
+ * 不可用或未登记的标识被剔除，从而当情景全部来源不可用时返回空数组（需求 5.5）。
+ *
+ * 后续接入真实情景/权威知识源库时，可由对接其 API 的适配器替换本实现，通过
+ * `CLINICAL_SCENARIO_PROVIDER` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MockClinicalScenarioProvider implements ClinicalScenarioProvider {
+  /** 已登记临床情景，按 scenarioId 索引。 */
+  private readonly scenarios = new Map<string, ClinicalScenario>();
+  /** 已登记权威知识源，按 sourceId 索引。 */
+  private readonly sources = new Map<string, AuthoritativeSource>();
+  /** 标记为不可用的权威知识源 id 集合；不在其中的已登记来源视为可用。 */
+  private readonly unavailableSources = new Set<string>();
+
+  /** 登记（或覆盖）一个临床情景。 */
+  setScenario(scenario: ClinicalScenario): void {
+    this.scenarios.set(scenario.id, this.cloneScenario(scenario));
+  }
+
+  /** 移除一个临床情景（模拟情景不存在，需求 5.1）。 */
+  removeScenario(scenarioId: string): void {
+    this.scenarios.delete(scenarioId);
+  }
+
+  /** 登记（或覆盖）一个权威知识源（含引用标识，需求 5.1）。 */
+  registerAuthoritativeSource(source: AuthoritativeSource): void {
+    this.sources.set(source.id, { ...source });
+  }
+
+  /** 标记一个权威知识源不可用（模拟来源缺失，需求 5.5）。 */
+  setSourceUnavailable(sourceId: string): void {
+    this.unavailableSources.add(sourceId);
+  }
+
+  /** 标记一个权威知识源恢复可用。 */
+  setSourceAvailable(sourceId: string): void {
+    this.unavailableSources.delete(sourceId);
+  }
+
+  /** 重置全部已登记内容与可用性配置。 */
+  reset(): void {
+    this.scenarios.clear();
+    this.sources.clear();
+    this.unavailableSources.clear();
+  }
+
+  async getScenario(scenarioId: string): Promise<ClinicalScenario | null> {
+    const found = this.scenarios.get(scenarioId);
+    return found ? this.cloneScenario(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async getAuthoritativeSources(
+    sourceIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<AuthoritativeSource[]> {
+    const resolved: AuthoritativeSource[] = [];
+    for (const id of sourceIds ?? []) {
+      const source = this.sources.get(id);
+      if (source && !this.unavailableSources.has(id)) {
+        resolved.push({ ...source });
+      }
+    }
+    return resolved;
+  }
+
+  private cloneScenario(scenario: ClinicalScenario): ClinicalScenario {
+    return {
+      ...scenario,
+      authoritativeSourceIds: [...scenario.authoritativeSourceIds],
+      competencyTagIds: scenario.competencyTagIds
+        ? [...scenario.competencyTagIds]
+        : undefined,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一组默认权威知识源（教材、临床指南、标准化病例库），便于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 每个来源都带引用标识（需求 5.1）。返回数组而非直接登记，调用方按需登记。
+ */
+export function buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources(): AuthoritativeSource[] {
+  return [
+    {
+      id: 'src.textbook.diagnostics',
+      title: '《诊断学》（第 9 版）',
+      citation: 'ISBN-978-7-117-26462-8 §问诊',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.Textbook,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'src.guideline.chest-pain',
+      title: '胸痛诊疗规范（2019 版）',
+      citation: 'GUIDE-CP-2019',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.ClinicalGuideline,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'src.casebank.osce',
+      title: 'OSCE 标准化病例库',
+      citation: 'OSCE-CASE-2024-007',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.OfficialQuestionBank,
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一个默认的标准化问诊情景（绑定全部默认权威知识源），便于测试与默认装配。
+ */
+export function buildDefaultScenario(
+  over: Partial<ClinicalScenario> = {},
+): ClinicalScenario {
+  return {
+    id: 'scenario.chest-pain-001',
+    title: '急性胸痛标准化问诊',
+    description:
+      '患者，男，58 岁，因「突发胸骨后压榨样疼痛 1 小时」就诊。请进行问诊。',
+    systemRole: '标准化病人',
+    authoritativeSourceIds: buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources().map((s) => s.id),
+    competencyTagIds: [
+      'tag.clinical.history-taking',
+      'tag.clinical.decision',
+      'tag.humanistic.communication',
+    ],
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/repositories/in-memory-clinical-dialogue.repository.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/repositories/in-memory-clinical-dialogue.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95a46e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/repositories/in-memory-clinical-dialogue.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  ClinicalDialogueRepository,
+  DialogueReport,
+  DialogueSession,
+} from '../clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版临床情景对话对练仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱/课程对练引擎底座风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，
+ * 作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date、嵌套对象），避免外部引用
+ * 篡改内部状态，配合错误路径数据保全不变量（需求 5.6：报告失败时保留对话记录不变）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryClinicalDialogueRepository
+  implements ClinicalDialogueRepository
+{
+  private readonly sessions = new Map<string, DialogueSession>();
+  private readonly reports = new Map<string, DialogueReport>();
+
+  async saveSession(session: DialogueSession): Promise<DialogueSession> {
+    const stored = this.cloneSession(session);
+    this.sessions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneSession(stored);
+  }
+
+  async updateSession(
+    session: DialogueSession,
+  ): Promise<DialogueSession | null> {
+    if (!this.sessions.has(session.id)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const stored = this.cloneSession(session);
+    this.sessions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneSession(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findSession(id: string): Promise<DialogueSession | null> {
+    const found = this.sessions.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneSession(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listSessions(): Promise<DialogueSession[]> {
+    return [...this.sessions.values()].map((s) => this.cloneSession(s));
+  }
+
+  async countSessions(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.sessions.size;
+  }
+
+  async saveReport(report: DialogueReport): Promise<DialogueReport> {
+    const stored = this.cloneReport(report);
+    this.reports.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneReport(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findReport(id: string): Promise<DialogueReport | null> {
+    const found = this.reports.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findReportBySession(
+    sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<DialogueReport | null> {
+    const found = [...this.reports.values()].find(
+      (r) => r.sessionId === sessionId,
+    );
+    return found ? this.cloneReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  private cloneSession(session: DialogueSession): DialogueSession {
+    return {
+      ...session,
+      authoritativeSources: session.authoritativeSources.map((s) => ({ ...s })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...session.competencyTagIds],
+      turns: session.turns.map((t) => ({
+        ...t,
+        annotation: {
+          ...t.annotation,
+          sources: t.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+        },
+        respondedAt: new Date(t.respondedAt),
+      })),
+      startedAt: new Date(session.startedAt),
+      finishedAt: session.finishedAt ? new Date(session.finishedAt) : undefined,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneReport(report: DialogueReport): DialogueReport {
+    return {
+      ...report,
+      dimensions: report.dimensions.map((d) => ({ ...d })),
+      annotation: {
+        ...report.annotation,
+        sources: report.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      competencyMappingIds: [...report.competencyMappingIds],
+      generatedAt: new Date(report.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/repositories/typeorm-clinical-dialogue.repository.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/repositories/typeorm-clinical-dialogue.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4268664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/repositories/typeorm-clinical-dialogue.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  ClinicalDialogueRepository,
+  DialogueReport,
+  DialogueSession,
+  DialogueTurn,
+} from '../clinical-dialogue.types';
+import { DialogueReportEntity } from '../entities/dialogue-report.entity';
+import { DialogueSessionEntity } from '../entities/dialogue-session.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的临床情景对话对练仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现对话会话与对练报告的持久化（需求 5）。
+ * 与内存实现共享 `ClinicalDialogueRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date、嵌套对象），避免外部引用
+ * 篡改持久化层缓存；嵌套于 JSONB 的时间字段（`turns[].respondedAt`）在读出时重建为
+ * `Date`，与内存实现行为保持一致（需求 5.6：报告失败时保留对话记录不变）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmClinicalDialogueRepository
+  implements ClinicalDialogueRepository
+{
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(DialogueSessionEntity)
+    private readonly sessionRepo: Repository<DialogueSessionEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(DialogueReportEntity)
+    private readonly reportRepo: Repository<DialogueReportEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveSession(session: DialogueSession): Promise<DialogueSession> {
+    const entity = this.sessionRepo.create(this.toSessionEntity(session));
+    const saved = await this.sessionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toSession(saved);
+  }
+
+  async updateSession(
+    session: DialogueSession,
+  ): Promise<DialogueSession | null> {
+    const exists = await this.sessionRepo.findOne({
+      where: { id: session.id },
+    });
+    if (!exists) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const entity = this.sessionRepo.create(this.toSessionEntity(session));
+    const saved = await this.sessionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toSession(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findSession(id: string): Promise<DialogueSession | null> {
+    const found = await this.sessionRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toSession(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listSessions(): Promise<DialogueSession[]> {
+    const all = await this.sessionRepo.find();
+    return all.map((s) => this.toSession(s));
+  }
+
+  async countSessions(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.sessionRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  async saveReport(report: DialogueReport): Promise<DialogueReport> {
+    const entity = this.reportRepo.create(this.toReportEntity(report));
+    const saved = await this.reportRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toReport(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findReport(id: string): Promise<DialogueReport | null> {
+    const found = await this.reportRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findReportBySession(
+    sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<DialogueReport | null> {
+    const found = await this.reportRepo.findOne({ where: { sessionId } });
+    return found ? this.toReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  private toSessionEntity(
+    session: DialogueSession,
+  ): DialogueSessionEntity {
+    return {
+      id: session.id,
+      studentId: session.studentId,
+      scenarioId: session.scenarioId,
+      scenarioTitle: session.scenarioTitle,
+      presentedScenario: session.presentedScenario,
+      systemRole: session.systemRole,
+      authoritativeSources: session.authoritativeSources.map((s) => ({ ...s })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...session.competencyTagIds],
+      turns: session.turns.map((t) => this.cloneTurn(t)),
+      status: session.status,
+      startedAt: session.startedAt,
+      finishedAt: session.finishedAt ?? null,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toSession(entity: DialogueSessionEntity): DialogueSession {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      scenarioId: entity.scenarioId,
+      scenarioTitle: entity.scenarioTitle,
+      presentedScenario: entity.presentedScenario,
+      systemRole: entity.systemRole,
+      authoritativeSources: (entity.authoritativeSources ?? []).map((s) => ({
+        ...s,
+      })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...(entity.competencyTagIds ?? [])],
+      turns: (entity.turns ?? []).map((t) => this.cloneTurn(t)),
+      status: entity.status,
+      startedAt: new Date(entity.startedAt),
+      ...(entity.finishedAt != null
+        ? { finishedAt: new Date(entity.finishedAt) }
+        : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneTurn(turn: DialogueTurn): DialogueTurn {
+    return {
+      ...turn,
+      annotation: {
+        ...turn.annotation,
+        sources: turn.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      respondedAt: new Date(turn.respondedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toReportEntity(report: DialogueReport): DialogueReportEntity {
+    return {
+      id: report.id,
+      sessionId: report.sessionId,
+      studentId: report.studentId,
+      scenarioId: report.scenarioId,
+      dimensions: report.dimensions.map((d) => ({ ...d })),
+      overallScore: report.overallScore,
+      annotation: {
+        ...report.annotation,
+        sources: report.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      trustOutputId: report.trustOutputId,
+      competencyMappingIds: [...report.competencyMappingIds],
+      turnCount: report.turnCount,
+      generatedAt: report.generatedAt,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toReport(entity: DialogueReportEntity): DialogueReport {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      sessionId: entity.sessionId,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      scenarioId: entity.scenarioId,
+      dimensions: (entity.dimensions ?? []).map((d) => ({ ...d })),
+      overallScore: entity.overallScore,
+      annotation: {
+        ...entity.annotation,
+        sources: (entity.annotation?.sources ?? []).map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+      trustOutputId: entity.trustOutputId,
+      competencyMappingIds: [...(entity.competencyMappingIds ?? [])],
+      turnCount: entity.turnCount,
+      generatedAt: new Date(entity.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/system-dialogue-clock.ts b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/system-dialogue-clock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13c97f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/clinical-dialogue/system-dialogue-clock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { DialogueClock } from './clinical-dialogue.types';
+
+/**
+ * 系统时钟实现（需求 5.1、5.2、5.3）。
+ *
+ * 默认的 `DialogueClock` 实现，直接读取系统时间，用于会话开始（情景呈现，需求 5.1）、
+ * 逐轮记录（需求 5.2）与报告生成（需求 5.3）的时间戳。测试可注入可控时钟替代本实现，
+ * 通过 `DIALOGUE_CLOCK` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemDialogueClock implements DialogueClock {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.module.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02e65d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { Module, type OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+
+import { CompetencyMappingService } from './competency-mapping.service';
+import { CompetencyOverviewService } from './competency-overview.service';
+import { CompetencyTagService } from './competency-tag.service';
+import { COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY } from './competency-graph.types';
+import { CompetencyDimensionEntity } from './entities/competency-dimension.entity';
+import { CompetencyMappingEntity } from './entities/competency-mapping.entity';
+import { CompetencyTagEntity } from './entities/competency-tag.entity';
+import { MappingRejectionEntity } from './entities/mapping-rejection.entity';
+import { InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository';
+import { TypeOrmCompetencyGraphRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-competency-graph.repository';
+
+/** 能力图谱持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const COMPETENCY_GRAPH_ENTITIES = [
+  CompetencyDimensionEntity,
+  CompetencyTagEntity,
+  CompetencyMappingEntity,
+  MappingRejectionEntity,
+];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 14 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmCompetencyGraphRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+      {
+        provide: COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 能力图谱模块（底座，需求 14）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现：
+ * - 任务 2.1：统一能力标签体系与数据模型（`CompetencyTagService`）。
+ * - 任务 2.2：能力数据映射与校验（`CompetencyMappingService.mapData()`）。
+ * - 任务 2.3：能力概览聚合（`CompetencyOverviewService.getCompetencyOverview()`）。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行
+ * （与脚手架中 mock 适配器风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 持久化：TypeORM 实体（CompetencyTagEntity / CompetencyDimensionEntity /
+ * CompetencyMappingEntity / MappingRejectionEntity）与
+ * `TypeOrmCompetencyGraphRepository` 已提供，待具备 PostgreSQL 环境时，
+ * 可在此处通过 `TypeOrmModule.forFeature([...])` 注册实体并将仓库 provider
+ * 替换为 TypeORM 实现，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(COMPETENCY_GRAPH_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    CompetencyTagService,
+    CompetencyMappingService,
+    CompetencyOverviewService,
+  ],
+  exports: [
+    CompetencyTagService,
+    CompetencyMappingService,
+    CompetencyOverviewService,
+    COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+  ],
+})
+export class CompetencyGraphModule implements OnModuleInit {
+  constructor(private readonly tagService: CompetencyTagService) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 启用持久化（`DB_ENABLED=true`）时，应用启动后装载默认统一能力标签体系
+   * （维度 + 标签，需求 14.1）。`seedDefaultTaxonomy` 以业务主键幂等覆盖写入，
+   * 重复启动不会产生重复记录。
+   *
+   * 默认（内存）装配下不预置数据，保持与既有单元/集成测试一致的空初始状态——
+   * 这些测试各自显式调用 `seedDefaultTaxonomy()`。仅在数据库模式下做启动种子，
+   * 使依赖默认标签体系的下游模块（职业规划胜任力模型、画像等）在真实联调中可用。
+   */
+  async onModuleInit(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!isDatabaseEnabled()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await this.tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.types.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c13af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-graph.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/**
+ * 能力图谱（Competency_Graph）领域类型与统一标签体系定义。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 14.1：能力图谱应维护一套统一的能力标签体系，其中每个能力标签具有
+ * 唯一标识与所属能力维度，供学习空间、课程对练、临床情景对话对练、研究技能、
+ * 协同能力与职业规划共同引用。
+ *
+ * 本文件聚焦"模型 + 标签体系定义"：
+ * - `CompetencyDimension`：能力维度（标签的归属）。
+ * - `CompetencyTag`：能力标签（唯一标识 + 所属维度）。
+ * - 默认统一标签体系常量，作为各模块共同引用的标准底座。
+ * - 持久化抽象（仓库接口 + DI 令牌），与脚手架中 infra 适配器一致的可替换风格。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 能力维度：一组相关能力标签的归属类别。
+ *
+ * 维度集合与画像维度（需求 6.2）对齐，使学习空间、对练、技能使用、协同评估
+ * 写入的能力数据能在统一维度上聚合（需求 14.4 能力概览）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyDimension {
+  /** 维度唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 维度名称。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 维度说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 能力标签：能力图谱中表示一项具体能力的标识（需求 14.1）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `id` 在统一标签体系中唯一（唯一标识）。
+ * - `dimensionId` 必须指向一个已定义的能力维度（所属维度 / 归属约束）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyTag {
+  /** 标签唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 标签名称。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 所属能力维度的标识。 */
+  dimensionId: string;
+  /** 标签说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 默认能力维度集合（与画像六维度对齐）。
+ *
+ * 这是各模块共同引用的统一维度底座。
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS: readonly CompetencyDimension[] = [
+  { id: 'dim.knowledge', name: '知识掌握', description: '基础与临床医学知识的掌握程度' },
+  { id: 'dim.clinical', name: '临床技能', description: '问诊、查体、操作与临床决策能力' },
+  { id: 'dim.research', name: '科研能力', description: '文献检索、证据评价与科研产出能力' },
+  { id: 'dim.humanistic', name: '人文素养', description: '医患沟通、医学伦理与人文关怀' },
+  {
+    id: 'dim.ai-collaboration',
+    name: 'AI 协同素养',
+    description: '与 AI 负责任协作的能力',
+  },
+  { id: 'dim.career', name: '职业倾向', description: '职业规划与岗位胜任认知' },
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * 默认统一能力标签体系。
+ *
+ * 每个标签具有唯一 `id` 且其 `dimensionId` 指向 `DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS`
+ * 中的某一维度（满足需求 14.1 的唯一标识与所属维度约束）。
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS: readonly CompetencyTag[] = [
+  // 知识掌握
+  { id: 'tag.knowledge.basic', name: '基础医学知识', dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge' },
+  { id: 'tag.knowledge.clinical', name: '临床医学知识', dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge' },
+  { id: 'tag.knowledge.pharmacology', name: '药理学知识', dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge' },
+  // 临床技能
+  { id: 'tag.clinical.history-taking', name: '病史采集', dimensionId: 'dim.clinical' },
+  { id: 'tag.clinical.physical-exam', name: '体格检查', dimensionId: 'dim.clinical' },
+  { id: 'tag.clinical.decision', name: '临床决策', dimensionId: 'dim.clinical' },
+  { id: 'tag.clinical.procedure', name: '操作技能', dimensionId: 'dim.clinical' },
+  // 科研能力
+  { id: 'tag.research.literature-search', name: '文献检索', dimensionId: 'dim.research' },
+  { id: 'tag.research.query-building', name: '检索式构建', dimensionId: 'dim.research' },
+  { id: 'tag.research.review', name: '文献综述', dimensionId: 'dim.research' },
+  { id: 'tag.research.evidence-appraisal', name: '证据评价', dimensionId: 'dim.research' },
+  // 人文素养
+  { id: 'tag.humanistic.communication', name: '医患沟通', dimensionId: 'dim.humanistic' },
+  { id: 'tag.humanistic.ethics', name: '医学伦理', dimensionId: 'dim.humanistic' },
+  { id: 'tag.humanistic.care', name: '人文关怀', dimensionId: 'dim.humanistic' },
+  // AI 协同素养
+  { id: 'tag.ai.questioning', name: '提问能力', dimensionId: 'dim.ai-collaboration' },
+  {
+    id: 'tag.ai.critical-verification',
+    name: '批判性验证',
+    dimensionId: 'dim.ai-collaboration',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'tag.ai.responsibility-boundary',
+    name: '责任边界意识',
+    dimensionId: 'dim.ai-collaboration',
+  },
+  { id: 'tag.ai.workflow', name: '协同工作流', dimensionId: 'dim.ai-collaboration' },
+  // 职业倾向
+  { id: 'tag.career.planning', name: '职业规划认知', dimensionId: 'dim.career' },
+  { id: 'tag.career.competency-awareness', name: '岗位胜任认知', dimensionId: 'dim.career' },
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * 能力数据来源模块（需求 14.2）。
+ *
+ * 标识"产生一条可计入能力的数据"的来源模块，用于映射记录的溯源。
+ */
+export enum ModuleSource {
+  /** 个人学习空间（学习成果）。 */
+  LearningSpace = 'learning_space',
+  /** 课程对练引擎（对练报告）。 */
+  PracticeEngine = 'practice_engine',
+  /** 临床情景对话对练（对话报告）。 */
+  ClinicalDialoguePractice = 'clinical_dialogue_practice',
+  /** 研究资料查询技能（查询使用）。 */
+  ResearchQuerySkill = 'research_query_skill',
+  /** AI 协同能力培养（协同评估）。 */
+  AICollaboration = 'ai_collaboration',
+  /** AI 评估引擎（评价结论）。 */
+  AIEvaluationEngine = 'ai_evaluation_engine',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 一条可计入能力的数据（需求 14.2）。
+ *
+ * 由各业务模块提交给能力图谱，连同一组能力标签一起映射。
+ * 仅承载映射所需的最小信息：归属学生、来源业务对象引用、可选分值与元数据。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyData {
+  /** 数据归属的学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源业务对象引用（如成果 id、对练报告 id），用于溯源。 */
+  referenceId: string;
+  /**
+   * 可选的能力分值贡献（0-100），供后续能力概览聚合（需求 14.4）。
+   * 本任务不做聚合，仅随映射记录持久化。
+   */
+  score?: number;
+  /** 可选的附加元数据。 */
+  metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 能力数据映射记录（需求 14.2）。
+ *
+ * 表示"一条能力数据被映射到 1-10 个已定义能力标签"的持久化结果。
+ * 仅在映射成功时创建（需求 14.3：未定义标签拒绝时不创建任何映射记录）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyMapping {
+  /** 映射记录唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 数据来源模块。 */
+  source: ModuleSource;
+  /** 数据归属的学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源业务对象引用。 */
+  referenceId: string;
+  /** 映射到的已定义能力标签（去重后 1-10 个）。 */
+  tagIds: string[];
+  /** 可选的能力分值贡献（0-100）。 */
+  score?: number;
+  /** 映射创建时间。 */
+  mappedAt: Date;
+  /** 可选的附加元数据。 */
+  metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 映射拒绝记录（需求 14.3）。
+ *
+ * 当映射因引用未定义标签或标签数量越界被拒绝时，记录拒绝原因以备审计与追溯。
+ * 拒绝时不创建 `CompetencyMapping`，仅创建本记录。
+ */
+export interface MappingRejection {
+  /** 拒绝记录唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 数据来源模块。 */
+  source: ModuleSource;
+  /** 数据归属的学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源业务对象引用。 */
+  referenceId: string;
+  /** 本次尝试映射的标签（去重后）。 */
+  attemptedTagIds: string[];
+  /** 稳定的拒绝原因码（与错误码一致）。 */
+  code: string;
+  /** 可读的拒绝原因。 */
+  reason: string;
+  /** 拒绝时间。 */
+  rejectedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * "数据不足"标记值（需求 14.5、6.5）。
+ *
+ * 当某一能力维度缺少足以计算能力水平的数据时，能力概览以该常量标记该维度，
+ * 而非给出 0-100 的量化分值。与画像引擎（需求 6.5）使用同一标记语义，
+ * 便于画像维度复用能力概览的聚合口径（Property 3）。
+ */
+export const INSUFFICIENT_DATA = 'insufficient_data';
+
+/** "数据不足"标记的类型。 */
+export type InsufficientData = typeof INSUFFICIENT_DATA;
+
+/**
+ * 能力概览中单个能力维度的聚合结果（需求 14.4、14.5）。
+ *
+ * 不变量（Property 3 画像维度分值有界性，能力概览部分）：
+ * - `score` 要么是 0 到 100 之间的数值，要么是 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 标记，
+ *   不存在其他取值。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyDimensionOverview {
+  /** 能力维度唯一标识。 */
+  dimensionId: string;
+  /** 能力维度名称。 */
+  dimensionName: string;
+  /**
+   * 该维度的能力水平：0-100 的量化分值（需求 14.4），
+   * 或在数据不足时为 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 标记（需求 14.5）。
+   */
+  score: number | InsufficientData;
+  /** 贡献该维度分值的能力数据（映射记录）条数。 */
+  contributingCount: number;
+  /** 贡献该维度分值的能力标签标识（去重），供溯源。 */
+  tagIds: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学生能力概览（需求 14.4、14.5）。
+ *
+ * 按能力维度聚合该学生在各模块产生的能力数据，逐维度给出 0-100 量化分值；
+ * 数据不足的维度标记为"数据不足"并保留其余维度（不被剔除）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyOverview {
+  /** 概览归属的学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 各能力维度的聚合结果（涵盖全部已定义维度）。 */
+  dimensions: CompetencyDimensionOverview[];
+  /** 概览生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/** 能力概览分值下界（需求 14.4：0-100）。 */
+export const OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN = 0;
+
+/** 能力概览分值上界（需求 14.4：0-100）。 */
+export const OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX = 100;
+
+/**
+ * 能力图谱持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 infra 适配器一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 实现对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyGraphRepository {
+  /** 新增或更新一个能力维度。 */
+  saveDimension(dimension: CompetencyDimension): Promise<CompetencyDimension>;
+  /** 按 id 查找能力维度，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findDimension(id: string): Promise<CompetencyDimension | null>;
+  /** 列出全部能力维度。 */
+  listDimensions(): Promise<CompetencyDimension[]>;
+  /** 新增或更新一个能力标签。 */
+  saveTag(tag: CompetencyTag): Promise<CompetencyTag>;
+  /** 按 id 查找能力标签，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findTag(id: string): Promise<CompetencyTag | null>;
+  /** 列出全部能力标签。 */
+  listTags(): Promise<CompetencyTag[]>;
+  /** 列出指定维度下的全部能力标签。 */
+  listTagsByDimension(dimensionId: string): Promise<CompetencyTag[]>;
+  /** 持久化一条能力数据映射记录（需求 14.2）。 */
+  saveMapping(mapping: CompetencyMapping): Promise<CompetencyMapping>;
+  /** 按 id 查找映射记录，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findMapping(id: string): Promise<CompetencyMapping | null>;
+  /** 列出全部映射记录。 */
+  listMappings(): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]>;
+  /** 列出指定学生的全部映射记录。 */
+  listMappingsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]>;
+  /** 持久化一条映射拒绝记录（需求 14.3）。 */
+  saveRejection(rejection: MappingRejection): Promise<MappingRejection>;
+  /** 列出全部映射拒绝记录。 */
+  listRejections(): Promise<MappingRejection[]>;
+}
+
+/** 能力图谱持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY = Symbol('COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY');
+
+/** 映射允许的最小已定义标签数量（需求 14.2：1-10 个标签）。 */
+export const MIN_MAPPING_TAGS = 1;
+
+/** 映射允许的最大已定义标签数量（需求 14.2：1-10 个标签）。 */
+export const MAX_MAPPING_TAGS = 10;
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-mapping.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-mapping.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3ce4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-mapping.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import { CompetencyMappingService } from './competency-mapping.service';
+import { CompetencyTagService } from './competency-tag.service';
+import {
+  CompetencyData,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  MIN_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from './competency-graph.types';
+import { InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 能力数据映射服务测试（需求 14.2、14.3）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：正常路径（映射到 1-10 个已定义标签）与各错误路径
+ *   （未定义标签、数量越界、缺字段）的具体示例与边界。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 2（能力标签映射有效性）。
+ */
+describe('CompetencyMappingService（能力数据映射，需求 14.2、14.3）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let service: CompetencyMappingService;
+
+  /** 默认标签体系中的全部已定义标签 id。 */
+  const definedTagIds = DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.map((t) => t.id);
+
+  const baseData: CompetencyData = {
+    studentId: 'stu-001',
+    referenceId: 'ach-001',
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    repository = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(repository);
+    service = new CompetencyMappingService(repository);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  });
+
+  describe('正常路径：映射到 1-10 个已定义标签', () => {
+    it('映射到单个已定义标签成功并创建映射记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+        baseData,
+        ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.tagIds).toEqual(['tag.knowledge.basic']);
+        expect(result.value.source).toBe(ModuleSource.LearningSpace);
+        expect(result.value.studentId).toBe('stu-001');
+        expect(result.value.id).toBeDefined();
+        expect(result.value.mappedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+
+      const mappings = await service.listMappings('stu-001');
+      expect(mappings).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('映射到 10 个已定义标签（上界）成功', async () => {
+      const tenTags = definedTagIds.slice(0, MAX_MAPPING_TAGS);
+      const result = await service.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.PracticeEngine,
+        baseData,
+        tenTags,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.tagIds).toHaveLength(MAX_MAPPING_TAGS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('保留可选的分值与元数据', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.AICollaboration,
+        { ...baseData, score: 72, metadata: { taskId: 't-9' } },
+        ['tag.ai.questioning'],
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.score).toBe(72);
+        expect(result.value.metadata).toEqual({ taskId: 't-9' });
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('重复标签去重后仍成功映射，记录中无重复', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(ModuleSource.LearningSpace, baseData, [
+        'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        'tag.clinical.decision',
+      ]);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.tagIds).toEqual([
+          'tag.knowledge.basic',
+          'tag.clinical.decision',
+        ]);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：未定义标签（需求 14.3）', () => {
+    it('引用未定义标签时拒绝映射、不创建映射记录、记录原因并返回提示', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(ModuleSource.LearningSpace, baseData, [
+        'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        'tag.unknown.xyz',
+      ]);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          CompetencyMappingService.CODE_UNDEFINED_TAG,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.undefinedTagIds).toEqual(['tag.unknown.xyz']);
+        expect(result.error.message).toContain('未定义');
+      }
+
+      // 不创建任何映射记录。
+      expect(await service.listMappings('stu-001')).toHaveLength(0);
+      // 记录了拒绝原因。
+      const rejections = await repository.listRejections();
+      expect(rejections).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(rejections[0].code).toBe(
+        CompetencyMappingService.CODE_UNDEFINED_TAG,
+      );
+      expect(rejections[0].attemptedTagIds).toContain('tag.unknown.xyz');
+    });
+
+    it('全部为未定义标签时同样拒绝且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(ModuleSource.LearningSpace, baseData, [
+        'tag.a',
+        'tag.b',
+      ]);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await service.listMappings('stu-001')).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：标签数量越界（需求 14.2）', () => {
+    it('标签数量为 0 时拒绝', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+        baseData,
+        [],
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          CompetencyMappingService.CODE_TAG_COUNT_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+        );
+      }
+      expect(await service.listMappings('stu-001')).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('去重后标签数量超过 10 时拒绝', async () => {
+      const elevenTags = definedTagIds.slice(0, MAX_MAPPING_TAGS + 1);
+      const result = await service.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+        baseData,
+        elevenTags,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          CompetencyMappingService.CODE_TAG_COUNT_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.tagCount).toBe(MAX_MAPPING_TAGS + 1);
+      }
+      expect(await service.listMappings('stu-001')).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：必填字段缺失', () => {
+    it('缺少 studentId/referenceId 时拒绝且不创建映射记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+        { studentId: '', referenceId: '' },
+        ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toEqual([
+          'studentId',
+          'referenceId',
+        ]);
+      }
+      expect(await repository.listMappings()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Property 2: 能力标签映射有效性
+   *
+   * 对任意提交的能力数据与标签集合，映射成功 ⟺ 所有标签均为已定义标签，
+   * 且映射后标签数量在 1 到 10 之间；引用未定义标签时必然拒绝且不创建任何映射记录。
+   *
+   * **Validates: Requirements 14.2, 14.3**
+   */
+  describe('Property 2: 能力标签映射有效性', () => {
+    /** 已定义标签生成器（来自默认标签体系）。 */
+    const definedTagArb = fc.constantFrom(...definedTagIds);
+    /** 未定义标签生成器（带前缀避免与已定义标签碰撞）。 */
+    const undefinedTagArb = fc
+      .string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 12 })
+      .map((s) => `undefined::${s}`)
+      .filter((id) => !definedTagIds.includes(id));
+    /** 任意标签（已定义或未定义）。 */
+    const anyTagArb = fc.oneof(definedTagArb, undefinedTagArb);
+    const sourceArb = fc.constantFrom(...Object.values(ModuleSource));
+
+    it('映射成功 ⟺ 全部标签已定义且去重数量在 [1,10]；否则拒绝且不留映射记录', async () => {
+      await fc.assert(
+        fc.asyncProperty(
+          sourceArb,
+          fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+          fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+          fc.array(anyTagArb, { minLength: 0, maxLength: 15 }),
+          async (source, studentSuffix, refSuffix, tagIds) => {
+            // 每个用例使用独立仓库，确保"是否创建记录"判定不受历史影响。
+            const repo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+            const tags = new CompetencyTagService(repo);
+            const svc = new CompetencyMappingService(repo);
+            await tags.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+            const studentId = `stu-${studentSuffix}`;
+            const data: CompetencyData = {
+              studentId,
+              referenceId: `ref-${refSuffix}`,
+            };
+
+            const result = await svc.mapData(source, data, tagIds);
+
+            // 计算期望：去重后数量与是否全部已定义。
+            const unique = [...new Set(tagIds)];
+            const allDefined = unique.every((id) => definedTagIds.includes(id));
+            const countInRange =
+              unique.length >= MIN_MAPPING_TAGS &&
+              unique.length <= MAX_MAPPING_TAGS;
+            const expectedSuccess = allDefined && countInRange;
+
+            expect(isOk(result)).toBe(expectedSuccess);
+
+            const mappings = await svc.listMappings(studentId);
+            if (expectedSuccess) {
+              // 成功：恰创建一条映射记录，标签为去重后集合且数量在 [1,10]。
+              expect(mappings).toHaveLength(1);
+              expect(mappings[0].tagIds).toEqual(unique);
+              expect(mappings[0].tagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+                MIN_MAPPING_TAGS,
+              );
+              expect(mappings[0].tagIds.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+                MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+              );
+            } else {
+              // 失败：不创建任何映射记录（数据保全），并记录拒绝原因。
+              expect(mappings).toHaveLength(0);
+              expect(await repo.listRejections()).toHaveLength(1);
+            }
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 300 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-mapping.service.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-mapping.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..116c09b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-mapping.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+import { ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+  CompetencyData,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyMapping,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  MIN_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from './competency-graph.types';
+
+/**
+ * 能力数据映射服务（需求 14.2、14.3）。
+ *
+ * 负责将各业务模块产生的"可计入能力的数据"映射到统一能力标签体系上的
+ * 1-10 个**已定义**能力标签，并持久化映射记录。
+ *
+ * 核心契约（Property 2 能力标签映射有效性）：
+ * - 映射成功 ⟺ 所有标签均为已定义标签，且去重后标签数量在 1 到 10 之间。
+ * - 引用未定义标签（或标签数量越界）时必然拒绝映射、不创建任何映射记录，
+ *   并记录拒绝原因、返回指明问题的提示（需求 14.3）。
+ *
+ * 错误模型：沿用统一 `Result<T, E>`，以 `ValidationError` 承载拒绝原因，
+ * 错误码稳定（便于拒绝记录与审计追溯）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class CompetencyMappingService {
+  /** 引用未定义能力标签的拒绝原因码（需求 14.3）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_UNDEFINED_TAG = 'COMPETENCY_MAPPING.UNDEFINED_TAG';
+  /** 标签数量越界（不在 1-10 之间）的拒绝原因码（需求 14.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TAG_COUNT_OUT_OF_RANGE =
+    'COMPETENCY_MAPPING.TAG_COUNT_OUT_OF_RANGE';
+  /** 缺少必填字段（学生/引用标识）的拒绝原因码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_MISSING_FIELDS = 'COMPETENCY_MAPPING.MISSING_FIELDS';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 将一条能力数据映射到 1-10 个已定义能力标签（需求 14.2、14.3）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验数据必填字段（studentId、referenceId）。
+   * 2. 去重标签后校验数量落在 [1, 10]（需求 14.2）。
+   * 3. 校验全部标签均为已定义标签；存在未定义标签则拒绝（需求 14.3）。
+   * 4. 任一校验失败：不创建映射记录、写入一条拒绝记录、返回校验错误。
+   * 5. 全部通过：创建并持久化映射记录后返回。
+   *
+   * 性能：本实现为内存/单库查询级别，远在需求 14.2 的 5 秒约束内完成。
+   *
+   * @param source 数据来源模块。
+   * @param data 待映射的能力数据。
+   * @param tagIds 期望映射到的能力标签标识集合（允许包含重复，将被去重）。
+   */
+  async mapData(
+    source: ModuleSource,
+    data: CompetencyData,
+    tagIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<Result<CompetencyMapping, ValidationError>> {
+    // 1. 必填字段校验。
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!data.studentId || data.studentId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('studentId');
+    }
+    if (!data.referenceId || data.referenceId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('referenceId');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      const error = ValidationError.missingFields(missing);
+      return this.reject(source, data, tagIds ?? [], error);
+    }
+
+    // 去重，保留首次出现顺序。引用未定义标签的判定基于去重后的标签集合。
+    const uniqueTagIds = [...new Set(tagIds ?? [])];
+
+    // 2. 数量边界校验（需求 14.2：1-10 个标签）。
+    if (
+      uniqueTagIds.length < MIN_MAPPING_TAGS ||
+      uniqueTagIds.length > MAX_MAPPING_TAGS
+    ) {
+      const error = new ValidationError(
+        CompetencyMappingService.CODE_TAG_COUNT_OUT_OF_RANGE,
+        `能力标签数量必须在 ${MIN_MAPPING_TAGS} 到 ${MAX_MAPPING_TAGS} 之间，` +
+          `当前为 ${uniqueTagIds.length}`,
+        {
+          tagCount: uniqueTagIds.length,
+          min: MIN_MAPPING_TAGS,
+          max: MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+        },
+      );
+      return this.reject(source, data, uniqueTagIds, error);
+    }
+
+    // 3. 已定义标签校验（需求 14.3：引用未定义标签则拒绝）。
+    const undefinedTagIds: string[] = [];
+    for (const tagId of uniqueTagIds) {
+      const found = await this.repository.findTag(tagId);
+      if (!found) {
+        undefinedTagIds.push(tagId);
+      }
+    }
+    if (undefinedTagIds.length > 0) {
+      const error = new ValidationError(
+        CompetencyMappingService.CODE_UNDEFINED_TAG,
+        `引用了能力图谱中未定义的能力标签：${undefinedTagIds.join('、')}`,
+        { undefinedTagIds },
+      );
+      return this.reject(source, data, uniqueTagIds, error);
+    }
+
+    // 4. 全部通过：创建并持久化映射记录。
+    const mapping: CompetencyMapping = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      source,
+      studentId: data.studentId,
+      referenceId: data.referenceId,
+      tagIds: uniqueTagIds,
+      mappedAt: new Date(),
+      ...(data.score != null ? { score: data.score } : {}),
+      ...(data.metadata ? { metadata: { ...data.metadata } } : {}),
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveMapping(mapping);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出某学生的全部成功映射记录。
+   */
+  async listMappings(studentId: string): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]> {
+    return this.repository.listMappingsByStudent(studentId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 统一的拒绝处理：记录拒绝原因（需求 14.3）、不创建映射记录、返回错误。
+   *
+   * 拒绝记录承载来源、学生、引用、尝试标签与稳定原因码，供审计与追溯。
+   * 即便拒绝记录持久化本身出错，也不应影响"不创建映射记录 + 返回错误"的语义，
+   * 故此处对记录失败作降级（吞掉记录异常）以保证错误路径的数据保全不变量。
+   */
+  private async reject(
+    source: ModuleSource,
+    data: CompetencyData,
+    attemptedTagIds: string[],
+    error: ValidationError,
+  ): Promise<Result<CompetencyMapping, ValidationError>> {
+    try {
+      await this.repository.saveRejection({
+        id: randomUUID(),
+        source,
+        studentId: data.studentId ?? '',
+        referenceId: data.referenceId ?? '',
+        attemptedTagIds: [...attemptedTagIds],
+        code: error.code,
+        reason: error.message,
+        rejectedAt: new Date(),
+      });
+    } catch {
+      // 记录失败不改变拒绝语义。
+    }
+    return err(error);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-overview.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-overview.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d6fda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-overview.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { CompetencyMappingService } from './competency-mapping.service';
+import { CompetencyOverviewService } from './competency-overview.service';
+import { CompetencyTagService } from './competency-tag.service';
+import {
+  CompetencyData,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  ModuleSource,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN,
+} from './competency-graph.types';
+import { InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 能力概览聚合服务测试（需求 14.4、14.5）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：按维度以 0-100 量化分值聚合、数据不足维度标记并保留其余维度等示例与边界。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 3（画像维度分值有界性，能力概览部分）。
+ */
+describe('CompetencyOverviewService（能力概览聚合，需求 14.4、14.5）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  let service: CompetencyOverviewService;
+
+  const definedTagIds = DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.map((t) => t.id);
+  const dimensionIds = DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS.map((d) => d.id);
+
+  /** 按 tagId 查所属维度，便于断言。 */
+  const dimensionOfTag = (tagId: string): string =>
+    DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.find((t) => t.id === tagId)!.dimensionId;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    repository = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(repository);
+    mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(repository);
+    service = new CompetencyOverviewService(repository);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  });
+
+  /** 便捷方法：映射一条带分值的能力数据。 */
+  const mapScored = async (
+    studentId: string,
+    referenceId: string,
+    tagIds: string[],
+    score: number,
+  ): Promise<void> => {
+    const data: CompetencyData = { studentId, referenceId, score };
+    await mappingService.mapData(ModuleSource.LearningSpace, data, tagIds);
+  };
+
+  describe('需求 14.4：按维度以 0-100 量化分值聚合', () => {
+    it('单条带分值映射使其维度得到该分值，其余维度标记数据不足', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'ach-1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+
+      expect(overview.studentId).toBe('stu-1');
+      expect(overview.generatedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      // 涵盖全部已定义维度（保留其余维度，需求 14.5）。
+      expect(overview.dimensions).toHaveLength(dimensionIds.length);
+
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(80);
+      expect(knowledge.contributingCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(knowledge.tagIds).toEqual(['tag.knowledge.basic']);
+
+      // 其余维度数据不足。
+      const others = overview.dimensions.filter(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId !== 'dim.knowledge',
+      );
+      for (const dimension of others) {
+        expect(dimension.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('同一维度多条映射取平均并四舍五入为整数', async () => {
+      // 同维度（dim.knowledge）三条：80, 90, 85 → 平均 85。
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a2', ['tag.knowledge.clinical'], 90);
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a3', ['tag.knowledge.pharmacology'], 85);
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(85);
+      expect(knowledge.contributingCount).toBe(3);
+      expect(knowledge.tagIds.sort()).toEqual(
+        [
+          'tag.knowledge.basic',
+          'tag.knowledge.clinical',
+          'tag.knowledge.pharmacology',
+        ].sort(),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('四舍五入：70 与 75 的平均 72.5 → 73', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 70);
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a2', ['tag.knowledge.clinical'], 75);
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(73);
+    });
+
+    it('跨维度标签的一条映射将分值贡献到每个相关维度', async () => {
+      // 同一条映射触及 knowledge 与 clinical 两个维度。
+      await mapScored(
+        'stu-1',
+        'a1',
+        ['tag.knowledge.basic', 'tag.clinical.decision'],
+        60,
+      );
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+      const clinical = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.clinical',
+      )!;
+
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(60);
+      expect(clinical.score).toBe(60);
+      expect(knowledge.contributingCount).toBe(1);
+      expect(clinical.contributingCount).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('所有维度都有数据时，无任何维度标记数据不足', async () => {
+      // 为每个维度各映射一个该维度下的标签。
+      let i = 0;
+      for (const dimensionId of dimensionIds) {
+        const tag = DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.find(
+          (t) => t.dimensionId === dimensionId,
+        )!;
+        await mapScored('stu-1', `a${i++}`, [tag.id], 50);
+      }
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      for (const dimension of overview.dimensions) {
+        expect(dimension.score).toBe(50);
+        expect(typeof dimension.score).toBe('number');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('需求 14.5：数据不足维度标记并保留其余维度', () => {
+    it('完全无映射数据时，所有维度标记数据不足且维度齐全', async () => {
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-empty');
+
+      expect(overview.dimensions).toHaveLength(dimensionIds.length);
+      for (const dimension of overview.dimensions) {
+        expect(dimension.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+        expect(dimension.contributingCount).toBe(0);
+        expect(dimension.tagIds).toEqual([]);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('仅有无分值映射的维度被标记数据不足（不足以计算能力水平）', async () => {
+      // 无分值映射不贡献分值。
+      const data: CompetencyData = { studentId: 'stu-1', referenceId: 'a1' };
+      await mappingService.mapData(ModuleSource.LearningSpace, data, [
+        'tag.knowledge.basic',
+      ]);
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+    });
+
+    it('部分维度有数据时，有数据维度给分值、无数据维度标记数据不足并保留', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.clinical.decision'], 65);
+
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+
+      const clinical = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.clinical',
+      )!;
+      expect(clinical.score).toBe(65);
+
+      const research = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.research',
+      )!;
+      expect(research.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+
+      // 维度数量完整（保留其余维度）。
+      expect(overview.dimensions).toHaveLength(dimensionIds.length);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('分值有界性：clamp 到 [0,100]', () => {
+    it('越界高分值被 clamp 到 100', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 150);
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX);
+    });
+
+    it('负分值被 clamp 到 0', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], -20);
+      const overview = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const knowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('能力概览只聚合目标学生的数据', () => {
+    it('不同学生的映射互不干扰', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+      await mapScored('stu-2', 'b1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 40);
+
+      const overview1 = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const overview2 = await service.getCompetencyOverview('stu-2');
+
+      expect(
+        overview1.dimensions.find((d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge')!
+          .score,
+      ).toBe(80);
+      expect(
+        overview2.dimensions.find((d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge')!
+          .score,
+      ).toBe(40);
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Property 3: 画像维度分值有界性（能力概览部分）
+   *
+   * 对任意学生数据生成的能力概览，每个维度的输出要么是 0 到 100 之间的数值，
+   * 要么是"数据不足"标记，不存在其他取值。
+   *
+   * **Validates: Requirements 6.2, 14.4**
+   */
+  describe('Property 3: 画像维度分值有界性（能力概览部分）', () => {
+    /** 一条映射输入：一组已定义标签 + 可选分值（含越界与小数以压力测试 clamp）。 */
+    const mappingInputArb = fc.record({
+      referenceId: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+      tagIds: fc.uniqueArray(fc.constantFrom(...definedTagIds), {
+        minLength: 1,
+        maxLength: 10,
+      }),
+      // 含未定义/越界/小数分值，以及偶发的无分值（null）。
+      score: fc.option(
+        fc.oneof(
+          fc.integer({ min: -50, max: 150 }),
+          fc.double({ min: -1000, max: 1000, noNaN: true }),
+        ),
+        { nil: undefined },
+      ),
+    });
+
+    it('每个维度的输出要么是 [0,100] 的数值，要么是数据不足标记', async () => {
+      await fc.assert(
+        fc.asyncProperty(
+          fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+          fc.array(mappingInputArb, { minLength: 0, maxLength: 20 }),
+          async (studentSuffix, mappingInputs) => {
+            const repo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+            const tags = new CompetencyTagService(repo);
+            const mappings = new CompetencyMappingService(repo);
+            const overviewSvc = new CompetencyOverviewService(repo);
+            await tags.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+            const studentId = `stu-${studentSuffix}`;
+            for (const input of mappingInputs) {
+              const data: CompetencyData = {
+                studentId,
+                referenceId: `ref-${input.referenceId}`,
+                ...(input.score != null ? { score: input.score } : {}),
+              };
+              await mappings.mapData(
+                ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+                data,
+                input.tagIds,
+              );
+            }
+
+            const overview =
+              await overviewSvc.getCompetencyOverview(studentId);
+
+            // 概览始终涵盖全部已定义维度（保留其余维度，需求 14.5）。
+            expect(overview.dimensions).toHaveLength(dimensionIds.length);
+
+            for (const dimension of overview.dimensions) {
+              const score = dimension.score;
+              if (score === INSUFFICIENT_DATA) {
+                // 数据不足标记：合法。
+                expect(score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+              } else {
+                // 数值：必为 [0,100] 内的整数，不存在其他取值。
+                expect(typeof score).toBe('number');
+                expect(Number.isFinite(score as number)).toBe(true);
+                expect(score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+                  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN,
+                );
+                expect(score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX);
+              }
+            }
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 300 },
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('有可量化贡献的维度给出有界数值，无贡献的维度标记数据不足', async () => {
+      await fc.assert(
+        fc.asyncProperty(
+          fc.constantFrom(...definedTagIds),
+          fc.integer({ min: -50, max: 150 }),
+          async (tagId, rawScore) => {
+            const repo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+            const tags = new CompetencyTagService(repo);
+            const mappings = new CompetencyMappingService(repo);
+            const overviewSvc = new CompetencyOverviewService(repo);
+            await tags.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+            await mappings.mapData(
+              ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+              { studentId: 'stu-p', referenceId: 'r1', score: rawScore },
+              [tagId],
+            );
+
+            const overview =
+              await overviewSvc.getCompetencyOverview('stu-p');
+            const targetDimensionId = dimensionOfTag(tagId);
+
+            for (const dimension of overview.dimensions) {
+              if (dimension.dimensionId === targetDimensionId) {
+                // 被贡献维度：必为有界数值。
+                expect(typeof dimension.score).toBe('number');
+                expect(dimension.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+                  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN,
+                );
+                expect(dimension.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+                  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX,
+                );
+              } else {
+                // 其余维度：数据不足。
+                expect(dimension.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+              }
+            }
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 200 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-overview.service.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-overview.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2fa1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-overview.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+  CompetencyDimensionOverview,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyOverview,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN,
+} from './competency-graph.types';
+
+/**
+ * 能力概览聚合服务（需求 14.4、14.5）。
+ *
+ * 负责将某学生在各业务模块产生、并已映射到统一能力标签体系上的能力数据
+ * （`CompetencyMapping` 记录）按**能力维度**聚合为 0-100 的量化分值，形成能力概览。
+ *
+ * 核心契约：
+ * - 需求 14.4：聚合来自各模块的能力数据，按能力维度以 0 到 100 的量化分值返回
+ *   该学生的能力水平（性能上远在 5 秒约束内，本实现为内存/单库查询级别聚合）。
+ * - 需求 14.5：某一能力维度缺少足以计算能力水平的数据时，将该维度标记为
+ *   "数据不足"（`INSUFFICIENT_DATA`），并保留其余维度的能力水平（不剔除任何已定义维度）。
+ *
+ * 不变量（Property 3 画像维度分值有界性，能力概览部分）：
+ * - 每个维度的输出 `score` 要么是 [0,100] 之间的数值，要么是 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 标记，
+ *   不存在其他取值。本实现通过 clamp + 仅在存在可量化贡献时给出数值来保证该不变量。
+ *
+ * 聚合口径：
+ * - 仅**带分值**的映射记录（`score` 非空）可用于计算能力水平；无分值的映射不贡献分值，
+ *   因此若某维度仅有无分值映射（或完全无映射），该维度被标记为"数据不足"。
+ * - 一条映射的分值按其标签所属维度归集：分值贡献到该映射触及的每个维度（每维度计一次），
+ *   同一维度内的分值取算术平均并四舍五入为整数后作为该维度的能力水平。
+ * - 越界的原始分值（理论上不应出现）一律 clamp 到 [0,100]，确保有界性不变量成立。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class CompetencyOverviewService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 聚合并返回某学生的能力概览（需求 14.4、14.5）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 读取全部已定义维度与标签，建立"标签 → 维度"索引。
+   * 2. 读取该学生的全部映射记录。
+   * 3. 对每条带分值映射，将（clamp 后的）分值贡献到其标签所属的各维度（每维度一次）。
+   * 4. 逐维度聚合：有贡献则取平均（四舍五入、clamp 到 [0,100]）作为能力水平；
+   *    无贡献则标记为"数据不足"。所有已定义维度均出现在结果中（保留其余维度）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 目标学生标识。
+   */
+  async getCompetencyOverview(studentId: string): Promise<CompetencyOverview> {
+    const [dimensions, tags, mappings] = await Promise.all([
+      this.repository.listDimensions(),
+      this.repository.listTags(),
+      this.repository.listMappingsByStudent(studentId),
+    ]);
+
+    // 标签 → 所属维度 索引。
+    const tagToDimension = new Map<string, string>();
+    for (const tag of tags) {
+      tagToDimension.set(tag.id, tag.dimensionId);
+    }
+
+    // 每个已定义维度的分值累积器。预置全部维度以保证"保留其余维度"（需求 14.5）。
+    interface DimensionAccumulator {
+      scores: number[];
+      tagIds: Set<string>;
+      contributingCount: number;
+    }
+    const accumulators = new Map<string, DimensionAccumulator>();
+    for (const dimension of dimensions) {
+      accumulators.set(dimension.id, {
+        scores: [],
+        tagIds: new Set<string>(),
+        contributingCount: 0,
+      });
+    }
+
+    for (const mapping of mappings) {
+      // 仅带分值的映射可用于计算能力水平（需求 14.5 的"足以计算"判定）。
+      if (mapping.score == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const clampedScore = this.clamp(mapping.score);
+
+      // 计算本条映射触及的维度及其相关标签（每个维度仅计一次分值贡献）。
+      const dimensionsTouched = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+      for (const tagId of mapping.tagIds) {
+        const dimensionId = tagToDimension.get(tagId);
+        if (dimensionId == null || !accumulators.has(dimensionId)) {
+          // 标签无对应已定义维度（数据不一致）时跳过，不影响其余维度聚合。
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!dimensionsTouched.has(dimensionId)) {
+          dimensionsTouched.set(dimensionId, new Set<string>());
+        }
+        dimensionsTouched.get(dimensionId)!.add(tagId);
+      }
+
+      for (const [dimensionId, tagIds] of dimensionsTouched) {
+        const accumulator = accumulators.get(dimensionId)!;
+        accumulator.scores.push(clampedScore);
+        accumulator.contributingCount += 1;
+        for (const tagId of tagIds) {
+          accumulator.tagIds.add(tagId);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const dimensionOverviews: CompetencyDimensionOverview[] = dimensions.map(
+      (dimension) => {
+        const accumulator = accumulators.get(dimension.id)!;
+        const score =
+          accumulator.scores.length === 0
+            ? INSUFFICIENT_DATA
+            : this.clamp(this.average(accumulator.scores));
+        return {
+          dimensionId: dimension.id,
+          dimensionName: dimension.name,
+          score,
+          contributingCount: accumulator.contributingCount,
+          tagIds: [...accumulator.tagIds],
+        };
+      },
+    );
+
+    return {
+      studentId,
+      dimensions: dimensionOverviews,
+      generatedAt: new Date(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将分值约束到 [0,100] 并四舍五入为整数。
+   *
+   * 这是有界性不变量（Property 3）的关键保障：无论输入分值是否越界，
+   * 输出始终落在 [0,100]。
+   */
+  private clamp(value: number): number {
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN;
+    }
+    const rounded = Math.round(value);
+    if (rounded < OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN) {
+      return OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN;
+    }
+    if (rounded > OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX) {
+      return OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX;
+    }
+    return rounded;
+  }
+
+  /** 计算算术平均（调用方保证数组非空）。 */
+  private average(values: number[]): number {
+    const sum = values.reduce((total, value) => total + value, 0);
+    return sum / values.length;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-tag.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-tag.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..645362f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-tag.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import { CompetencyTagService } from './competency-tag.service';
+import {
+  CompetencyTag,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+} from './competency-graph.types';
+import { InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 能力标签体系服务单元测试（需求 14.1）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 标签定义：唯一标识、必填字段校验、列出标签。
+ * - 维度归属：标签必须归属到已定义维度；未定义维度时拒绝。
+ * - 默认统一标签体系的完整性与一致性。
+ */
+describe('CompetencyTagService（能力标签体系，需求 14.1）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let service: CompetencyTagService;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    service = new CompetencyTagService(repository);
+  });
+
+  describe('维度注册', () => {
+    it('注册有效维度后可被查询到', async () => {
+      const result = await service.registerDimension({
+        id: 'dim.knowledge',
+        name: '知识掌握',
+      });
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+
+      const dimensions = await service.listDimensions();
+      expect(dimensions).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(dimensions[0].id).toBe('dim.knowledge');
+    });
+
+    it('缺少 id 或 name 时拒绝注册并返回校验错误', async () => {
+      const result = await service.registerDimension({ id: '', name: '' });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toEqual(['id', 'name']);
+      }
+      expect(await service.listDimensions()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('标签定义（唯一标识）', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await service.registerDimension({ id: 'dim.knowledge', name: '知识掌握' });
+    });
+
+    it('注册具有唯一标识与所属维度的标签后可被列出', async () => {
+      const result = await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        name: '基础医学知识',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+      });
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      expect(tags).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(tags[0].id).toBe('tag.knowledge.basic');
+      expect(tags[0].dimensionId).toBe('dim.knowledge');
+    });
+
+    it('listTags 返回标签的副本而非内部引用', async () => {
+      await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        name: '基础医学知识',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+      });
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      tags[0].name = '被篡改';
+
+      const again = await service.listTags();
+      expect(again[0].name).toBe('基础医学知识');
+    });
+
+    it('相同 id 重复注册执行覆盖更新，保持标识唯一', async () => {
+      await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        name: '基础医学知识',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+      });
+      await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        name: '基础医学知识（修订）',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+      });
+
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      expect(tags).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(tags[0].name).toBe('基础医学知识（修订）');
+    });
+
+    it('缺少必填字段（id/name/dimensionId）时拒绝且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.registerTag({
+        id: '',
+        name: '',
+        dimensionId: '',
+      });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toEqual([
+          'id',
+          'name',
+          'dimensionId',
+        ]);
+      }
+      expect(await service.listTags()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('维度归属约束', () => {
+    it('所属维度未定义时拒绝注册标签且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.orphan',
+        name: '孤立标签',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.nonexistent',
+      });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe('COMPETENCY_TAG.UNDEFINED_DIMENSION');
+        expect(result.error.details?.dimensionId).toBe('dim.nonexistent');
+      }
+      expect(await service.listTags()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('可按维度查询其归属的标签', async () => {
+      await service.registerDimension({ id: 'dim.knowledge', name: '知识掌握' });
+      await service.registerDimension({ id: 'dim.clinical', name: '临床技能' });
+      await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.k1',
+        name: '基础医学知识',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+      });
+      await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.c1',
+        name: '病史采集',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.clinical',
+      });
+
+      const knowledgeTags = await service.listTagsByDimension('dim.knowledge');
+      expect(knowledgeTags).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(knowledgeTags[0].id).toBe('tag.k1');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isDefinedTag', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      await service.registerDimension({ id: 'dim.knowledge', name: '知识掌握' });
+      await service.registerTag({
+        id: 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+        name: '基础医学知识',
+        dimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('对已定义标签返回 true', async () => {
+      expect(await service.isDefinedTag('tag.knowledge.basic')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('对未定义标签返回 false', async () => {
+      expect(await service.isDefinedTag('tag.unknown')).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('默认统一标签体系（seedDefaultTaxonomy）', () => {
+    it('装载后标签数量与默认定义一致', async () => {
+      const tags = await service.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+      expect(tags).toHaveLength(DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.length);
+
+      const dimensions = await service.listDimensions();
+      expect(dimensions).toHaveLength(DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS.length);
+    });
+
+    it('重复装载保持幂等，不产生重复记录', async () => {
+      await service.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+      await service.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      expect(tags).toHaveLength(DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.length);
+    });
+
+    it('每个默认标签具有唯一标识', async () => {
+      await service.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      const ids = tags.map((t) => t.id);
+      expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+    });
+
+    it('每个默认标签都归属到一个已定义维度', async () => {
+      await service.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      const dimensionIds = new Set(
+        (await service.listDimensions()).map((d) => d.id),
+      );
+
+      for (const tag of tags) {
+        expect(dimensionIds.has(tag.dimensionId)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('默认标签体系覆盖全部默认维度', async () => {
+      await service.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+      const tags = await service.listTags();
+      const usedDimensions = new Set(tags.map((t: CompetencyTag) => t.dimensionId));
+
+      for (const dimension of DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS) {
+        expect(usedDimensions.has(dimension.id)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-tag.service.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-tag.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79849a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/competency-tag.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+import { ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+  CompetencyDimension,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyTag,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+} from './competency-graph.types';
+
+/**
+ * 能力标签体系服务（需求 14.1）。
+ *
+ * 维护一套统一的能力标签体系：
+ * - 每个能力标签具有唯一标识（`id`）。
+ * - 每个能力标签具有所属能力维度（`dimensionId` 必须指向已定义维度）。
+ * - 提供 `listTags()` 供学习空间、课程对练、临床情景对话对练、研究技能、
+ *   协同能力与职业规划等模块共同引用。
+ *
+ * 标签体系的维护遵循统一 `Result` 错误模型：违反唯一标识或归属约束时拒绝写入，
+ * 不创建任何记录并返回校验错误（与脚手架错误处理策略一致）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class CompetencyTagService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 装载默认统一标签体系（幂等）。
+   *
+   * 先注册全部默认维度，再注册默认标签。重复调用不会产生重复记录
+   * （以业务主键覆盖写入）。返回最终的标签列表。
+   */
+  async seedDefaultTaxonomy(): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    for (const dimension of DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS) {
+      await this.registerDimension(dimension);
+    }
+    for (const tag of DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS) {
+      await this.registerTag(tag);
+    }
+    return this.listTags();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 注册（新增或更新）一个能力维度。
+   *
+   * 校验维度具备非空 `id` 与 `name`，否则拒绝且不创建记录。
+   */
+  async registerDimension(
+    dimension: CompetencyDimension,
+  ): Promise<Result<CompetencyDimension, ValidationError>> {
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!dimension.id || dimension.id.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('id');
+    }
+    if (!dimension.name || dimension.name.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('name');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(ValidationError.missingFields(missing));
+    }
+
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveDimension(dimension);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 注册（新增或更新）一个能力标签（需求 14.1）。
+   *
+   * 约束：
+   * - 标签必须具备非空 `id`（唯一标识）与 `name`。
+   * - 标签必须具备 `dimensionId` 且该维度必须已定义（所属维度 / 归属约束）。
+   *
+   * 任一约束不满足时拒绝写入、不创建任何记录，并返回指明问题的校验错误。
+   */
+  async registerTag(
+    tag: CompetencyTag,
+  ): Promise<Result<CompetencyTag, ValidationError>> {
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!tag.id || tag.id.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('id');
+    }
+    if (!tag.name || tag.name.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('name');
+    }
+    if (!tag.dimensionId || tag.dimensionId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('dimensionId');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(ValidationError.missingFields(missing));
+    }
+
+    // 归属约束：所属维度必须已定义。
+    const dimension = await this.repository.findDimension(tag.dimensionId);
+    if (!dimension) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          'COMPETENCY_TAG.UNDEFINED_DIMENSION',
+          `能力标签所属维度未定义：${tag.dimensionId}`,
+          { dimensionId: tag.dimensionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveTag(tag);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出统一能力标签体系中的全部能力标签（需求 14.1 `listTags()`）。
+   */
+  async listTags(): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    return this.repository.listTags();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按 id 获取一个能力标签，不存在返回 null。
+   */
+  async getTag(id: string): Promise<CompetencyTag | null> {
+    return this.repository.findTag(id);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 判断一个能力标签是否为已定义标签（供映射校验等模块复用）。
+   */
+  async isDefinedTag(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return (await this.repository.findTag(id)) !== null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出全部能力维度。
+   */
+  async listDimensions(): Promise<CompetencyDimension[]> {
+    return this.repository.listDimensions();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出某一能力维度下的全部能力标签（归属关系查询）。
+   */
+  async listTagsByDimension(dimensionId: string): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    return this.repository.listTagsByDimension(dimensionId);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-dimension.entity.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-dimension.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1937bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-dimension.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { Column, Entity, OneToMany, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { CompetencyTagEntity } from './competency-tag.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 能力维度持久化实体（需求 14.1）。
+ *
+ * 维度是能力标签的归属类别；标签通过 `dimensionId` 外键归属到某一维度。
+ * 主键采用业务标识（如 `dim.knowledge`），保证跨模块引用稳定。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'competency_dimensions' })
+export class CompetencyDimensionEntity {
+  /** 维度唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 维度名称。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  name!: string;
+
+  /** 维度说明。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  description?: string | null;
+
+  /** 该维度下的能力标签。 */
+  @OneToMany(() => CompetencyTagEntity, (tag) => tag.dimension)
+  tags?: CompetencyTagEntity[];
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-mapping.entity.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-mapping.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b31316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-mapping.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { Column, CreateDateColumn, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { ModuleSource } from '../competency-graph.types';
+
+/**
+ * 能力数据映射记录持久化实体（需求 14.2）。
+ *
+ * 表示"一条可计入能力的数据被映射到 1-10 个已定义能力标签"的结果。
+ * 仅在映射成功时创建（需求 14.3：未定义标签拒绝时不创建任何映射记录）。
+ *
+ * `tagIds` 以 JSONB 存储一组已定义标签标识；`score`/`metadata` 为可选附加信息。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'competency_mappings' })
+export class CompetencyMappingEntity {
+  /** 映射记录唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 数据来源模块。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  source!: ModuleSource;
+
+  /** 数据归属的学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 来源业务对象引用（用于溯源）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  referenceId!: string;
+
+  /** 映射到的已定义能力标签（1-10 个，去重）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  tagIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 可选能力分值贡献（0-100）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'real', nullable: true })
+  score?: number | null;
+
+  /** 可选附加元数据。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', nullable: true })
+  metadata?: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+
+  /** 映射创建时间。 */
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  mappedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-tag.entity.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-tag.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0925183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/competency-tag.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, JoinColumn, ManyToOne, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { CompetencyDimensionEntity } from './competency-dimension.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 能力标签持久化实体（需求 14.1）。
+ *
+ * 每个能力标签具有唯一标识（`id` 主键）与所属能力维度（`dimensionId` 外键）。
+ * 供学习空间、课程对练、临床情景对话对练、研究技能、协同能力与职业规划共同引用。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'competency_tags' })
+export class CompetencyTagEntity {
+  /** 标签唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 标签名称。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  name!: string;
+
+  /** 所属能力维度标识（外键）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  dimensionId!: string;
+
+  /** 标签说明。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  description?: string | null;
+
+  /** 所属能力维度。 */
+  @ManyToOne(() => CompetencyDimensionEntity, (dimension) => dimension.tags, {
+    onDelete: 'RESTRICT',
+  })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'dimensionId' })
+  dimension?: CompetencyDimensionEntity;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/mapping-rejection.entity.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/mapping-rejection.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26da766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/entities/mapping-rejection.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { Column, CreateDateColumn, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { ModuleSource } from '../competency-graph.types';
+
+/**
+ * 映射拒绝记录持久化实体（需求 14.3）。
+ *
+ * 当映射因引用未定义标签或标签数量越界被拒绝时，记录拒绝原因以备审计与追溯。
+ * 拒绝时不创建 `CompetencyMappingEntity`，仅创建本记录。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'competency_mapping_rejections' })
+export class MappingRejectionEntity {
+  /** 拒绝记录唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 数据来源模块。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  source!: ModuleSource;
+
+  /** 数据归属的学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 来源业务对象引用（用于溯源）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  referenceId!: string;
+
+  /** 本次尝试映射的标签（去重）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  attemptedTagIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 稳定的拒绝原因码（与错误码一致）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  code!: string;
+
+  /** 可读的拒绝原因。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  reason!: string;
+
+  /** 拒绝时间。 */
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  rejectedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/index.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72397c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export * from './competency-graph.types';
+export * from './competency-tag.service';
+export * from './competency-mapping.service';
+export * from './competency-overview.service';
+export * from './competency-graph.module';
+export * from './entities/competency-dimension.entity';
+export * from './entities/competency-tag.entity';
+export * from './entities/competency-mapping.entity';
+export * from './entities/mapping-rejection.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-competency-graph.repository';
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1f6c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/repositories/in-memory-competency-graph.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyDimension,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyMapping,
+  CompetencyTag,
+  MappingRejection,
+} from '../competency-graph.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版能力图谱仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，作为默认装配与测试替身。
+ * 真实持久化由 `TypeOrmCompetencyGraphRepository` 在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 不变量维护：标签的 `dimensionId` 唯一性由 Map 主键保证；归属约束由 service 层校验。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository
+  implements CompetencyGraphRepository
+{
+  private readonly dimensions = new Map<string, CompetencyDimension>();
+  private readonly tags = new Map<string, CompetencyTag>();
+  private readonly mappings = new Map<string, CompetencyMapping>();
+  private readonly rejections = new Map<string, MappingRejection>();
+
+  async saveDimension(
+    dimension: CompetencyDimension,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyDimension> {
+    const stored = { ...dimension };
+    this.dimensions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return { ...stored };
+  }
+
+  async findDimension(id: string): Promise<CompetencyDimension | null> {
+    const found = this.dimensions.get(id);
+    return found ? { ...found } : null;
+  }
+
+  async listDimensions(): Promise<CompetencyDimension[]> {
+    return [...this.dimensions.values()].map((d) => ({ ...d }));
+  }
+
+  async saveTag(tag: CompetencyTag): Promise<CompetencyTag> {
+    const stored = { ...tag };
+    this.tags.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return { ...stored };
+  }
+
+  async findTag(id: string): Promise<CompetencyTag | null> {
+    const found = this.tags.get(id);
+    return found ? { ...found } : null;
+  }
+
+  async listTags(): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    return [...this.tags.values()].map((t) => ({ ...t }));
+  }
+
+  async listTagsByDimension(dimensionId: string): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    return [...this.tags.values()]
+      .filter((t) => t.dimensionId === dimensionId)
+      .map((t) => ({ ...t }));
+  }
+
+  async saveMapping(mapping: CompetencyMapping): Promise<CompetencyMapping> {
+    const stored = this.cloneMapping(mapping);
+    this.mappings.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneMapping(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findMapping(id: string): Promise<CompetencyMapping | null> {
+    const found = this.mappings.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneMapping(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listMappings(): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]> {
+    return [...this.mappings.values()].map((m) => this.cloneMapping(m));
+  }
+
+  async listMappingsByStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]> {
+    return [...this.mappings.values()]
+      .filter((m) => m.studentId === studentId)
+      .map((m) => this.cloneMapping(m));
+  }
+
+  async saveRejection(rejection: MappingRejection): Promise<MappingRejection> {
+    const stored = this.cloneRejection(rejection);
+    this.rejections.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneRejection(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listRejections(): Promise<MappingRejection[]> {
+    return [...this.rejections.values()].map((r) => this.cloneRejection(r));
+  }
+
+  private cloneMapping(mapping: CompetencyMapping): CompetencyMapping {
+    return {
+      ...mapping,
+      tagIds: [...mapping.tagIds],
+      mappedAt: new Date(mapping.mappedAt),
+      ...(mapping.metadata ? { metadata: { ...mapping.metadata } } : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneRejection(rejection: MappingRejection): MappingRejection {
+    return {
+      ...rejection,
+      attemptedTagIds: [...rejection.attemptedTagIds],
+      rejectedAt: new Date(rejection.rejectedAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/competency-graph/repositories/typeorm-competency-graph.repository.ts b/src/modules/competency-graph/repositories/typeorm-competency-graph.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..823ee12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/competency-graph/repositories/typeorm-competency-graph.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyDimension,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyMapping,
+  CompetencyTag,
+  MappingRejection,
+} from '../competency-graph.types';
+import { CompetencyDimensionEntity } from '../entities/competency-dimension.entity';
+import { CompetencyMappingEntity } from '../entities/competency-mapping.entity';
+import { CompetencyTagEntity } from '../entities/competency-tag.entity';
+import { MappingRejectionEntity } from '../entities/mapping-rejection.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的能力图谱仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现统一标签体系的持久化（需求 14.1）。
+ * 与内存实现共享 `CompetencyGraphRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmCompetencyGraphRepository
+  implements CompetencyGraphRepository
+{
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(CompetencyDimensionEntity)
+    private readonly dimensionRepo: Repository<CompetencyDimensionEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(CompetencyTagEntity)
+    private readonly tagRepo: Repository<CompetencyTagEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(CompetencyMappingEntity)
+    private readonly mappingRepo: Repository<CompetencyMappingEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(MappingRejectionEntity)
+    private readonly rejectionRepo: Repository<MappingRejectionEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveDimension(
+    dimension: CompetencyDimension,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyDimension> {
+    const entity = this.dimensionRepo.create({
+      id: dimension.id,
+      name: dimension.name,
+      description: dimension.description ?? null,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.dimensionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toDimension(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findDimension(id: string): Promise<CompetencyDimension | null> {
+    const found = await this.dimensionRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toDimension(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listDimensions(): Promise<CompetencyDimension[]> {
+    const all = await this.dimensionRepo.find();
+    return all.map((d) => this.toDimension(d));
+  }
+
+  async saveTag(tag: CompetencyTag): Promise<CompetencyTag> {
+    const entity = this.tagRepo.create({
+      id: tag.id,
+      name: tag.name,
+      dimensionId: tag.dimensionId,
+      description: tag.description ?? null,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.tagRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toTag(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findTag(id: string): Promise<CompetencyTag | null> {
+    const found = await this.tagRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toTag(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listTags(): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    const all = await this.tagRepo.find();
+    return all.map((t) => this.toTag(t));
+  }
+
+  async listTagsByDimension(dimensionId: string): Promise<CompetencyTag[]> {
+    const all = await this.tagRepo.find({ where: { dimensionId } });
+    return all.map((t) => this.toTag(t));
+  }
+
+  async saveMapping(mapping: CompetencyMapping): Promise<CompetencyMapping> {
+    const entity = this.mappingRepo.create({
+      id: mapping.id,
+      source: mapping.source,
+      studentId: mapping.studentId,
+      referenceId: mapping.referenceId,
+      tagIds: [...mapping.tagIds],
+      score: mapping.score ?? null,
+      metadata: mapping.metadata ?? null,
+      mappedAt: mapping.mappedAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.mappingRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toMapping(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findMapping(id: string): Promise<CompetencyMapping | null> {
+    const found = await this.mappingRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toMapping(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listMappings(): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]> {
+    const all = await this.mappingRepo.find();
+    return all.map((m) => this.toMapping(m));
+  }
+
+  async listMappingsByStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<CompetencyMapping[]> {
+    const all = await this.mappingRepo.find({ where: { studentId } });
+    return all.map((m) => this.toMapping(m));
+  }
+
+  async saveRejection(rejection: MappingRejection): Promise<MappingRejection> {
+    const entity = this.rejectionRepo.create({
+      id: rejection.id,
+      source: rejection.source,
+      studentId: rejection.studentId,
+      referenceId: rejection.referenceId,
+      attemptedTagIds: [...rejection.attemptedTagIds],
+      code: rejection.code,
+      reason: rejection.reason,
+      rejectedAt: rejection.rejectedAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.rejectionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toRejection(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listRejections(): Promise<MappingRejection[]> {
+    const all = await this.rejectionRepo.find();
+    return all.map((r) => this.toRejection(r));
+  }
+
+  private toDimension(entity: CompetencyDimensionEntity): CompetencyDimension {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      name: entity.name,
+      ...(entity.description != null
+        ? { description: entity.description }
+        : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toTag(entity: CompetencyTagEntity): CompetencyTag {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      name: entity.name,
+      dimensionId: entity.dimensionId,
+      ...(entity.description != null
+        ? { description: entity.description }
+        : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toMapping(entity: CompetencyMappingEntity): CompetencyMapping {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      source: entity.source,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      referenceId: entity.referenceId,
+      tagIds: [...entity.tagIds],
+      mappedAt: entity.mappedAt,
+      ...(entity.score != null ? { score: entity.score } : {}),
+      ...(entity.metadata != null ? { metadata: entity.metadata } : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toRejection(entity: MappingRejectionEntity): MappingRejection {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      source: entity.source,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      referenceId: entity.referenceId,
+      attemptedTagIds: [...entity.attemptedTagIds],
+      code: entity.code,
+      reason: entity.reason,
+      rejectedAt: entity.rejectedAt,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/audit-log.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/compliance/audit-log.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5298134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/audit-log.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+import { AuditLogService } from './audit-log.service';
+import {
+  Action,
+  AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS,
+  AuditLogEntry,
+  Purpose,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  auditRetentionCutoff,
+  isAuditLogWithinRetention,
+} from './compliance.types';
+import { InMemoryComplianceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 敏感操作审计日志服务测试（需求 7.6、17.4）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 审计字段完整性：访问/导出/修改操作记录操作者、时间、操作类型与数据范围（需求 17.4），
+ *   画像访问/导出额外记录访问者身份、字段范围与用途（需求 7.6）。
+ * - 实时性：审计日志在写入时刻记录时间戳（5 秒内，需求 7.6、17.4）。
+ * - 查询：按操作者、按学生检索审计日志。
+ * - 保留策略：保留期限不少于 12 个月，窗口内条目保留、仅清理超期条目（需求 7.6）。
+ */
+describe('AuditLogService（敏感操作审计日志，需求 7.6、17.4）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryComplianceRepository;
+  let service: AuditLogService;
+
+  const ACTOR_ID = 'mtr-001';
+  const STUDENT_ID = 'stu-001';
+  const NOW = new Date('2025-06-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+    service = new AuditLogService(repository);
+  });
+
+  describe('writeAuditLog（审计字段完整性，需求 17.4）', () => {
+    it('记录访问操作的操作者、时间、操作类型与数据范围', async () => {
+      const entry = await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        actorRole: Role.Mentor,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile,
+        resourceScope: `${ResourceType.StudentProfile}:${STUDENT_ID}`,
+        subjectStudentId: STUDENT_ID,
+      });
+
+      // 需求 17.4：操作者、时间、操作类型、数据范围。
+      expect(entry.id).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(entry.actorId).toBe(ACTOR_ID);
+      expect(entry.action).toBe(Action.Read);
+      expect(entry.resourceScope).toBe(
+        `${ResourceType.StudentProfile}:${STUDENT_ID}`,
+      );
+      expect(entry.timestamp).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      expect(entry.outcome).toBe('allow');
+    });
+
+    it.each([Action.Read, Action.Export, Action.Update])(
+      '为访问/导出/修改操作（%s）记录完整的核心审计字段',
+      async (action) => {
+        const entry = await service.writeAuditLog({
+          actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+          action,
+          resourceScope: 'achievement:ach-001',
+        });
+
+        expect(entry.actorId).toBe(ACTOR_ID);
+        expect(entry.action).toBe(action);
+        expect(entry.resourceScope).toBe('achievement:ach-001');
+        expect(entry.timestamp).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+        // 核心字段均存在且非空。
+        expect(entry.id.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(entry.resourceScope.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      },
+    );
+
+    it('记录拒绝结果时保留拒绝原因（需求 17.3）', async () => {
+      const entry = await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Export,
+        resourceScope: `${ResourceType.StudentProfile}:${STUDENT_ID}`,
+        outcome: 'deny',
+        reason: 'COMPLIANCE.ACCESS_DENIED.OUT_OF_SCOPE',
+      });
+
+      expect(entry.outcome).toBe('deny');
+      expect(entry.reason).toBe('COMPLIANCE.ACCESS_DENIED.OUT_OF_SCOPE');
+    });
+
+    it('时间戳在写入时刻生成，保证 5 秒内实时记录（需求 7.6、17.4）', async () => {
+      const before = Date.now();
+      const entry = await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'achievement:ach-001',
+      });
+      const after = Date.now();
+
+      expect(entry.timestamp.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+      expect(entry.timestamp.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(after);
+      // 写入时刻与记录时间差远小于 5 秒上限。
+      expect(after - entry.timestamp.getTime()).toBeLessThan(5000);
+    });
+
+    it('采用显式传入的时间戳（便于补记与测试）', async () => {
+      const entry = await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'achievement:ach-001',
+        timestamp: NOW,
+      });
+      expect(entry.timestamp.getTime()).toBe(NOW.getTime());
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('writeProfileAccessLog（画像访问审计完整字段，需求 7.6）', () => {
+    it('记录访问者身份、时间、字段范围与用途', async () => {
+      const entry = await service.writeProfileAccessLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        actorRole: Role.Mentor,
+        studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+        fieldScope: ['identity.studentNo', 'dimension.clinical'],
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+        timestamp: NOW,
+      });
+
+      // 需求 7.6：访问者身份、时间、字段范围、用途。
+      expect(entry.actorId).toBe(ACTOR_ID); // 访问者身份
+      expect(entry.timestamp.getTime()).toBe(NOW.getTime()); // 时间
+      expect(entry.fieldScope).toEqual([
+        'identity.studentNo',
+        'dimension.clinical',
+      ]); // 字段范围
+      expect(entry.purpose).toBe(Purpose.MentorReview); // 用途
+      expect(entry.action).toBe(Action.Read);
+      expect(entry.resourceType).toBe(ResourceType.StudentProfile);
+      expect(entry.subjectStudentId).toBe(STUDENT_ID);
+    });
+
+    it('导出画像时记录 Export 操作类型（需求 7.6）', async () => {
+      const entry = await service.writeProfileAccessLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+        fieldScope: ['identity.studentNo'],
+        purpose: Purpose.CareerGuidance,
+        action: Action.Export,
+        timestamp: NOW,
+      });
+
+      expect(entry.action).toBe(Action.Export);
+      expect(entry.purpose).toBe(Purpose.CareerGuidance);
+    });
+
+    it('字段范围为副本，外部数组改动不影响已记录日志（不可篡改）', async () => {
+      const fieldScope = ['identity.studentNo'];
+      await service.writeProfileAccessLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+        fieldScope,
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+        timestamp: NOW,
+      });
+      fieldScope.push('contact.phone');
+
+      const logs = await service.listAuditLogs();
+      expect(logs[0].fieldScope).toEqual(['identity.studentNo']);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('查询审计日志', () => {
+    it('按操作者检索（需求 17.4）', async () => {
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: 'actor-A',
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'achievement:a1',
+      });
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: 'actor-B',
+        action: Action.Update,
+        resourceScope: 'achievement:a2',
+      });
+
+      const logsA = await service.listAuditLogsByActor('actor-A');
+      expect(logsA).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(logsA[0].actorId).toBe('actor-A');
+    });
+
+    it('按学生检索（需求 7.6）', async () => {
+      await service.writeProfileAccessLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+        fieldScope: ['identity.studentNo'],
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+      });
+      await service.writeProfileAccessLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        studentId: 'stu-999',
+        fieldScope: ['identity.studentNo'],
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+      });
+
+      const logs = await service.listAuditLogsByStudent(STUDENT_ID);
+      expect(logs).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(logs[0].subjectStudentId).toBe(STUDENT_ID);
+    });
+
+    it('审计日志按写入顺序追加', async () => {
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'r1',
+      });
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Export,
+        resourceScope: 'r2',
+      });
+
+      const logs = await service.listAuditLogs();
+      expect(logs.map((l) => l.resourceScope)).toEqual(['r1', 'r2']);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('保留策略（保留期限不少于 12 个月，需求 7.6）', () => {
+    it('保留期限常量为 12 个月', () => {
+      expect(AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS).toBe(12);
+      expect(AuditLogService.RETENTION_MONTHS).toBe(12);
+      expect(AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(12);
+    });
+
+    it('保留截止时间恰为 now 之前 12 个月', () => {
+      const cutoff = auditRetentionCutoff(NOW);
+      const expected = new Date(NOW.getTime());
+      expected.setMonth(expected.getMonth() - 12);
+      expect(cutoff.getTime()).toBe(expected.getTime());
+    });
+
+    it('窗口内（距今不足 12 个月）的条目被保留，超期条目可清理', async () => {
+      // 11 个月前：窗口内，必须保留。
+      const elevenMonthsAgo = new Date(NOW.getTime());
+      elevenMonthsAgo.setMonth(elevenMonthsAgo.getMonth() - 11);
+      // 13 个月前：超出窗口，可清理。
+      const thirteenMonthsAgo = new Date(NOW.getTime());
+      thirteenMonthsAgo.setMonth(thirteenMonthsAgo.getMonth() - 13);
+
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'recent',
+        timestamp: elevenMonthsAgo,
+      });
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'old',
+        timestamp: thirteenMonthsAgo,
+      });
+
+      const retained = await service.getRetainedAuditLogs(NOW);
+      expect(retained).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(retained[0].resourceScope).toBe('recent');
+    });
+
+    it('enforceRetention 仅清理超期条目，保留窗口内条目（需求 7.6）', async () => {
+      const elevenMonthsAgo = new Date(NOW.getTime());
+      elevenMonthsAgo.setMonth(elevenMonthsAgo.getMonth() - 11);
+      const thirteenMonthsAgo = new Date(NOW.getTime());
+      thirteenMonthsAgo.setMonth(thirteenMonthsAgo.getMonth() - 13);
+
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'recent',
+        timestamp: elevenMonthsAgo,
+      });
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'old',
+        timestamp: thirteenMonthsAgo,
+      });
+
+      const removed = await service.enforceRetention(NOW);
+      expect(removed).toBe(1);
+
+      const remaining = await service.listAuditLogs();
+      expect(remaining).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(remaining[0].resourceScope).toBe('recent');
+    });
+
+    it('恰好 12 个月前的条目处于保留边界内（保留期限不少于 12 个月）', async () => {
+      const twelveMonthsAgo = auditRetentionCutoff(NOW);
+      const entry: AuditLogEntry = {
+        id: 'a1',
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'boundary',
+        outcome: 'allow',
+        timestamp: twelveMonthsAgo,
+      };
+      // 边界：时间戳等于截止时间，视为仍在保留窗口内。
+      expect(isAuditLogWithinRetention(entry, NOW)).toBe(true);
+
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'boundary',
+        timestamp: twelveMonthsAgo,
+      });
+      const removed = await service.enforceRetention(NOW);
+      expect(removed).toBe(0);
+      expect(await service.listAuditLogs()).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('全部条目均在 12 个月内时不清理任何日志', async () => {
+      await service.writeAuditLog({
+        actorId: ACTOR_ID,
+        action: Action.Read,
+        resourceScope: 'r1',
+        timestamp: NOW,
+      });
+      const removed = await service.enforceRetention(NOW);
+      expect(removed).toBe(0);
+      expect(await service.listAuditLogs()).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/audit-log.service.ts b/src/modules/compliance/audit-log.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b030f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/audit-log.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  Action,
+  AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS,
+  AuditLogEntry,
+  COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY,
+  ComplianceRepository,
+  Purpose,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  auditRetentionCutoff,
+  isAuditLogWithinRetention,
+} from './compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 写入一条敏感操作审计日志所需的输入（`writeAuditLog`）。
+ *
+ * 调用方（各业务模块在执行敏感数据的访问/导出/修改时，含画像访问与导出）传入
+ * 操作者、操作类型与数据范围等信息；`id` 与 `timestamp` 由服务生成（保证 5 秒内
+ * 实时记录，需求 7.6、17.4），调用方亦可显式传入 `timestamp` 以便测试或补记。
+ */
+export interface WriteAuditLogInput {
+  /** 操作者标识（需求 17.4：操作者 / 需求 7.6：访问者身份）。必填。 */
+  actorId: string;
+  /** 操作者角色（可选，增强操作者身份溯源，需求 7.6）。 */
+  actorRole?: Role;
+  /** 操作类型（需求 17.4：访问/导出/修改）。必填。 */
+  action: Action;
+  /** 数据范围（需求 17.4：数据范围）。必填。 */
+  resourceScope: string;
+  /** 被操作资源类型（可选）。 */
+  resourceType?: ResourceType;
+  /** 审计对象学生标识（被访问数据所属学生，可选）。 */
+  subjectStudentId?: string;
+  /** 字段范围（需求 7.6：画像访问/导出时的字段范围，可选）。 */
+  fieldScope?: string[];
+  /** 使用用途（需求 7.6：画像访问/导出时的用途，可选）。 */
+  purpose?: Purpose;
+  /** 操作结果（默认 `allow`）。 */
+  outcome?: 'allow' | 'deny';
+  /** 拒绝原因（仅在被拒绝时，需求 17.3）。 */
+  reason?: string;
+  /** 操作时间（可选，默认服务记录时刻）。 */
+  timestamp?: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 敏感操作审计日志服务（合规模块，需求 7.6、17.4）。
+ *
+ * 职责：
+ * - `writeAuditLog()`：当任意角色对敏感数据执行访问、导出或修改操作时（含访问/
+ *   导出学生画像），实时（5 秒内）记录一条包含操作者、时间、操作类型与数据范围
+ *   的审计日志；画像访问/导出额外记录字段范围与用途（需求 7.6）。日志仅追加、
+ *   不可篡改。
+ * - `writeProfileAccessLog()`：画像访问/导出的便捷封装，强制带上字段范围与用途，
+ *   直接满足需求 7.6 对画像审计的完整字段要求。
+ * - 查询：`listAuditLogs()` / `listAuditLogsByActor()` / `listAuditLogsByStudent()`
+ *   供合规审查与越权追溯。
+ * - 保留策略（需求 7.6）：审计日志保留期限不少于 12 个月。
+ *   - `getRetainedAuditLogs()`：返回仍处于保留窗口内（距今 < 12 个月）的日志。
+ *   - `enforceRetention()`：仅清理超出保留窗口（早于截止时间）的日志，保留窗口内
+ *     的日志一律保留——「保留」语义保证至少 12 个月内的数据不被删除。
+ *
+ * 性能（需求 7.6、17.4：5 秒内）：写入为内存/单表追加（O(1)），远低于 5 秒上限，
+ * 且时间戳在调用时刻即生成，保证记录的实时性。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class AuditLogService {
+  /** 审计日志保留期限（月）：不少于 12 个月（需求 7.6）。 */
+  static readonly RETENTION_MONTHS = AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS;
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: ComplianceRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 写入一条敏感操作审计日志（需求 7.6、17.4）。
+   *
+   * 记录操作者、时间、操作类型与数据范围（需求 17.4）；画像访问/导出时可附带字段
+   * 范围与用途（需求 7.6）。`id` 由服务生成，`timestamp` 默认取当前时刻以保证 5 秒内
+   * 实时记录。返回已落库的不可篡改审计条目。
+   */
+  async writeAuditLog(input: WriteAuditLogInput): Promise<AuditLogEntry> {
+    const entry: AuditLogEntry = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      actorId: input.actorId,
+      actorRole: input.actorRole,
+      timestamp: input.timestamp ?? new Date(),
+      action: input.action,
+      resourceScope: input.resourceScope,
+      resourceType: input.resourceType,
+      subjectStudentId: input.subjectStudentId,
+      fieldScope: input.fieldScope ? [...input.fieldScope] : undefined,
+      purpose: input.purpose,
+      outcome: input.outcome ?? 'allow',
+      reason: input.reason,
+    };
+    return this.repository.appendAuditLog(entry);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 记录一次学生画像访问/导出的审计日志（需求 7.6）。
+   *
+   * 在 `writeAuditLog` 基础上强制带上访问者身份、字段范围与用途，满足需求 7.6
+   * 对画像审计「访问者身份、时间、字段范围与用途」的完整字段要求。默认操作类型
+   * 为 `Read`（访问），导出场景传入 `Action.Export`。
+   */
+  async writeProfileAccessLog(params: {
+    actorId: string;
+    actorRole?: Role;
+    studentId: string;
+    fieldScope: string[];
+    purpose: Purpose;
+    action?: Action;
+    outcome?: 'allow' | 'deny';
+    reason?: string;
+    timestamp?: Date;
+  }): Promise<AuditLogEntry> {
+    return this.writeAuditLog({
+      actorId: params.actorId,
+      actorRole: params.actorRole,
+      action: params.action ?? Action.Read,
+      resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile,
+      resourceScope: `${ResourceType.StudentProfile}:${params.studentId}`,
+      subjectStudentId: params.studentId,
+      fieldScope: params.fieldScope,
+      purpose: params.purpose,
+      outcome: params.outcome ?? 'allow',
+      reason: params.reason,
+      timestamp: params.timestamp,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** 列出全部审计日志（按发生顺序）。 */
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAuditLogs();
+  }
+
+  /** 列出指定操作者的审计日志（按发生顺序，需求 17.4）。 */
+  async listAuditLogsByActor(actorId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAuditLogsByActor(actorId);
+  }
+
+  /** 列出与指定学生相关的审计日志（按发生顺序，需求 7.6）。 */
+  async listAuditLogsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAuditLogsByStudent(studentId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 返回仍处于保留窗口内（距今不足 12 个月）的审计日志（需求 7.6）。
+   *
+   * @param now 评估时刻（默认当前时间）。
+   */
+  async getRetainedAuditLogs(now: Date = new Date()): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    const all = await this.repository.listAuditLogs();
+    return all.filter((entry) => isAuditLogWithinRetention(entry, now));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行保留策略：仅清理超出保留窗口（早于 12 个月截止时间）的审计日志（需求 7.6）。
+   *
+   * 处于保留窗口内的日志一律保留，保证保留期限不少于 12 个月。返回被清理的条目数。
+   *
+   * @param now 评估时刻（默认当前时间）。
+   */
+  async enforceRetention(now: Date = new Date()): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoff = auditRetentionCutoff(now);
+    return this.repository.pruneAuditLogsBefore(cutoff);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/compliance-access.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/compliance/compliance-access.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..038b6d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/compliance-access.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { ComplianceAccessService } from './compliance-access.service';
+import {
+  Action,
+  ProtectedResource,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  User,
+  getPermissionScope,
+  isWithinScope,
+} from './compliance.types';
+import { InMemoryComplianceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 合规访问判定服务测试（需求 17.1、17.2、17.3）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：权限范围定义（需求 17.1）、范围内允许（需求 17.2）、越权拒绝并记录
+ *   拒绝事件（需求 17.3）的具体示例与边界。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 6（权限判定一致性）。
+ */
+describe('ComplianceAccessService（权限分级与访问判定，需求 17.1、17.2、17.3）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryComplianceRepository;
+  let service: ComplianceAccessService;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+    service = new ComplianceAccessService(repository);
+  });
+
+  const allRoles = [Role.Student, Role.Mentor, Role.Administrator];
+  const allResourceTypes = Object.values(ResourceType);
+  const allActions = Object.values(Action);
+
+  describe('权限范围定义（需求 17.1）', () => {
+    it('为学生、导师与管理员各自定义权限范围', () => {
+      for (const role of allRoles) {
+        const scope = service.getPermissionScope(role);
+        expect(scope.role).toBe(role);
+        expect(scope.permissions.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('每个权限范围的每条资源权限均列出可访问资源类型与允许操作类型', () => {
+      for (const role of allRoles) {
+        const scope = getPermissionScope(role);
+        for (const permission of scope.permissions) {
+          expect(allResourceTypes).toContain(permission.resourceType);
+          expect(permission.actions.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+          for (const action of permission.actions) {
+            expect(allActions).toContain(action);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('管理员对全部资源类型具备全部操作权限', () => {
+      const scope = getPermissionScope(Role.Administrator);
+      for (const resourceType of allResourceTypes) {
+        const permission = scope.permissions.find(
+          (p) => p.resourceType === resourceType,
+        );
+        expect(permission).toBeDefined();
+        for (const action of allActions) {
+          expect(permission?.actions).toContain(action);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('学生不可治理技能定义、不可访问审计日志（最小权限）', () => {
+      expect(isWithinScope(Role.Student, ResourceType.SkillDefinition, Action.Configure)).toBe(false);
+      expect(isWithinScope(Role.Student, ResourceType.AuditLog, Action.Read)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('导师可审核题目、可配置技能定义，但不可访问审计日志', () => {
+      expect(isWithinScope(Role.Mentor, ResourceType.Question, Action.Review)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isWithinScope(Role.Mentor, ResourceType.SkillDefinition, Action.Configure)).toBe(true);
+      expect(isWithinScope(Role.Mentor, ResourceType.AuditLog, Action.Read)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('范围内允许（需求 17.2）', () => {
+    it('学生读取学习成果被允许，且不记录拒绝事件', async () => {
+      const user: User = { id: 'stu-001', role: Role.Student };
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.Achievement,
+        identifier: 'ach-001',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.checkAccess(user, resource, Action.Read);
+
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(true);
+      expect(decision.actorId).toBe('stu-001');
+      expect(decision.reason).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(decision.denialEventId).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(await service.listDenialEvents()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('管理员配置技能定义被允许', async () => {
+      const user: User = { id: 'admin-001', role: Role.Administrator };
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.SkillDefinition,
+        identifier: 'skill.research-query',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.checkAccess(user, resource, Action.Configure);
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('越权拒绝并记录拒绝事件（需求 17.3）', () => {
+    it('学生删除学习成果越权：拒绝并记录含操作者/时间/资源标识/拒绝原因的事件', async () => {
+      const user: User = { id: 'stu-001', role: Role.Student };
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.Achievement,
+        identifier: 'ach-001',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.checkAccess(user, resource, Action.Delete);
+
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(false);
+      expect(decision.reason).toBe(ComplianceAccessService.REASON_OUT_OF_SCOPE);
+      expect(decision.denialEventId).toBeDefined();
+
+      const events = await service.listDenialEvents();
+      expect(events).toHaveLength(1);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event.actorId).toBe('stu-001'); // 操作者
+      expect(event.actorRole).toBe(Role.Student);
+      expect(event.resourceId).toBe('ach-001'); // 资源标识
+      expect(event.resourceType).toBe(ResourceType.Achievement);
+      expect(event.action).toBe(Action.Delete);
+      expect(event.reason).toBeTruthy(); // 拒绝原因
+      expect(event.occurredAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date); // 时间
+      expect(event.id).toBe(decision.denialEventId);
+    });
+
+    it('学生访问审计日志越权：拒绝并记录拒绝事件', async () => {
+      const user: User = { id: 'stu-001', role: Role.Student };
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.AuditLog,
+        identifier: 'audit-001',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.checkAccess(user, resource, Action.Read);
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(false);
+      expect(await service.listDenialEvents()).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('未知/无效角色一律拒绝并记录拒绝事件', async () => {
+      const user = { id: 'x-001', role: 'guest' as unknown as Role } as User;
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.Achievement,
+        identifier: 'ach-001',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.checkAccess(user, resource, Action.Read);
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(false);
+      expect(decision.reason).toBe(ComplianceAccessService.REASON_UNKNOWN_ROLE);
+      expect(await service.listDenialEvents()).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('可按操作者筛选其越权拒绝事件（支撑需求 15.4）', async () => {
+      const mentor: User = { id: 'mtr-001', role: Role.Mentor };
+      // 导师越权删除题目（导师无 Delete 权限）。
+      await service.checkAccess(
+        mentor,
+        { resourceType: ResourceType.Question, identifier: 'q-001' },
+        Action.Delete,
+      );
+
+      const byActor = await service.listDenialEventsByActor('mtr-001');
+      expect(byActor).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(byActor[0].actorId).toBe('mtr-001');
+      expect(await service.listDenialEventsByActor('other')).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('记录级越权尝试 recordDenial（需求 15.4、17.3）', () => {
+    it('记录一条带教关系缺失的越权拒绝事件并返回拒绝决策', async () => {
+      const mentor: User = { id: 'mtr-001', role: Role.Mentor };
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile,
+        identifier: 'stu-999',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.recordDenial(mentor, resource, Action.Read);
+
+      expect(decision.allowed).toBe(false);
+      expect(decision.reason).toBe(ComplianceAccessService.REASON_NO_MENTORSHIP);
+      expect(decision.denialEventId).toBeDefined();
+
+      const events = await service.listDenialEventsByActor('mtr-001');
+      expect(events).toHaveLength(1);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event.actorId).toBe('mtr-001'); // 操作者
+      expect(event.actorRole).toBe(Role.Mentor);
+      expect(event.resourceType).toBe(ResourceType.StudentProfile);
+      expect(event.resourceId).toBe('stu-999'); // 资源标识
+      expect(event.action).toBe(Action.Read);
+      expect(event.reason).toBeTruthy(); // 拒绝原因
+      expect(event.occurredAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date); // 时间
+      expect(event.id).toBe(decision.denialEventId);
+    });
+
+    it('支持自定义拒绝原因码与原因说明', async () => {
+      const mentor: User = { id: 'mtr-002', role: Role.Mentor };
+      const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+        resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile,
+        identifier: 'stu-888',
+      };
+
+      const decision = await service.recordDenial(
+        mentor,
+        resource,
+        Action.Read,
+        'CUSTOM.REASON',
+        '自定义拒绝原因',
+      );
+
+      expect(decision.reason).toBe('CUSTOM.REASON');
+      const events = await service.listDenialEventsByActor('mtr-002');
+      expect(events[0].reason).toBe('自定义拒绝原因');
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Property 6: 权限判定一致性
+   *
+   * 对任意（用户角色，资源，操作）三元组，访问被允许 ⟺ 该操作在该角色的权限范围内；
+   * 越权访问必然被拒绝并产生一条拒绝审计记录。
+   *
+   * **Validates: Requirements 17.2, 17.3**
+   */
+  describe('Property 6: 权限判定一致性', () => {
+    const roleArb = fc.constantFrom(...allRoles);
+    const resourceTypeArb = fc.constantFrom(...allResourceTypes);
+    const actionArb = fc.constantFrom(...allActions);
+
+    it('允许 ⟺ 处于角色权限范围内；越权必然被拒绝且恰产生一条拒绝审计记录', async () => {
+      await fc.assert(
+        fc.asyncProperty(
+          roleArb,
+          fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+          resourceTypeArb,
+          fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+          actionArb,
+          async (role, actorSuffix, resourceType, resourceSuffix, action) => {
+            // 每个用例使用独立仓库，确保"是否产生拒绝记录"判定不受历史影响。
+            const repo = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+            const svc = new ComplianceAccessService(repo);
+
+            const user: User = { id: `usr-${actorSuffix}`, role };
+            const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+              resourceType,
+              identifier: `res-${resourceSuffix}`,
+            };
+
+            const decision = await svc.checkAccess(user, resource, action);
+            const expectedAllowed = isWithinScope(role, resourceType, action);
+
+            // 允许 ⟺ 处于权限范围内（双向一致性）。
+            expect(decision.allowed).toBe(expectedAllowed);
+
+            const events = await svc.listDenialEvents();
+            if (expectedAllowed) {
+              // 允许：无拒绝记录、无拒绝原因。
+              expect(events).toHaveLength(0);
+              expect(decision.reason).toBeUndefined();
+              expect(decision.denialEventId).toBeUndefined();
+            } else {
+              // 越权：恰一条拒绝审计记录，含操作者、时间、资源标识与拒绝原因。
+              expect(events).toHaveLength(1);
+              const event = events[0];
+              expect(event.actorId).toBe(user.id);
+              expect(event.actorRole).toBe(role);
+              expect(event.resourceId).toBe(resource.identifier);
+              expect(event.resourceType).toBe(resourceType);
+              expect(event.action).toBe(action);
+              expect(event.reason).toBeTruthy();
+              expect(event.occurredAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+              expect(decision.reason).toBeTruthy();
+              expect(decision.denialEventId).toBe(event.id);
+            }
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 400 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/compliance-access.service.ts b/src/modules/compliance/compliance-access.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..264f6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/compliance-access.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AccessDecision,
+  AccessDenialEvent,
+  Action,
+  COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY,
+  ComplianceRepository,
+  PermissionScope,
+  ProtectedResource,
+  Role,
+  User,
+  getPermissionScope,
+  isWithinScope,
+} from './compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 合规访问判定服务（需求 17.1、17.2、17.3）。
+ *
+ * 职责：
+ * - 为学生、导师与管理员定义并暴露访问权限范围（可访问资源类型与允许操作类型，
+ *   需求 17.1）。
+ * - `checkAccess()`：对 (用户, 资源, 操作) 进行权限判定；范围内允许（需求 17.2），
+ *   越权则拒绝、保持资源不被访问，并记录一条拒绝事件（操作者、时间、资源标识、
+ *   拒绝原因，需求 17.3）。
+ *
+ * 关键不变量（Property 6 权限判定一致性）：
+ * - 访问被允许 ⟺ 该 (资源类型, 操作) 处于该角色权限范围内。
+ * - 越权访问必然被拒绝，且必然产生恰好一条拒绝审计记录。
+ *
+ * 权限说明：`checkAccess` 不直接读写受保护资源，仅做判定与拒绝事件记录，
+ * 因此"保持资源不被访问"由调用方在收到 `allowed === false` 时不执行实际访问来保证；
+ * 本服务通过返回拒绝决策并落库拒绝事件，使越权访问可被一致地阻止与追溯。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ComplianceAccessService {
+  /** 越权访问（超出角色权限范围）的拒绝原因码（需求 17.3）。 */
+  static readonly REASON_OUT_OF_SCOPE = 'COMPLIANCE.ACCESS_DENIED.OUT_OF_SCOPE';
+  /** 未知/无效角色的拒绝原因码。 */
+  static readonly REASON_UNKNOWN_ROLE = 'COMPLIANCE.ACCESS_DENIED.UNKNOWN_ROLE';
+  /**
+   * 缺少带教关系（导师查看非所带学生画像）的拒绝原因码（需求 15.4）。
+   *
+   * `checkAccess` 的角色级判定允许导师读取学生画像（需求 17.1），但需求 15.3/15.4
+   * 进一步要求记录级的带教关系校验：仅当导师与学生存在带教关系时才允许查看其画像，
+   * 否则视为越权访问尝试，由导师端调用 `recordDenial()` 以本原因码记录一条拒绝事件。
+   */
+  static readonly REASON_NO_MENTORSHIP =
+    'COMPLIANCE.ACCESS_DENIED.NO_MENTORSHIP';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: ComplianceRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 获取指定角色的访问权限范围（需求 17.1）。
+   *
+   * 返回该角色可访问的资源类型与各资源类型上允许的操作类型，供导师端、管理端
+   * 权限管理界面与其他模块查询。
+   */
+  getPermissionScope(role: Role): PermissionScope {
+    return getPermissionScope(role);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 权限判定（需求 17.2、17.3）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 判定 (角色, 资源类型, 操作) 是否处于该角色权限范围内（需求 17.1 的范围定义）。
+   * 2. 范围内 → 允许访问（需求 17.2），返回 `allowed: true`，不记录拒绝事件。
+   * 3. 越权 → 拒绝访问、保持资源不被访问，并记录一条拒绝事件（操作者、时间、
+   *    资源标识、拒绝原因，需求 17.3），返回 `allowed: false` 且携带拒绝原因与
+   *    拒绝事件标识。
+   *
+   * @param user 发起访问的用户（操作者）。
+   * @param resource 被访问的受保护资源（含资源类型与资源标识）。
+   * @param action 被请求的操作类型。
+   */
+  async checkAccess(
+    user: User,
+    resource: ProtectedResource,
+    action: Action,
+  ): Promise<AccessDecision> {
+    const decidedAt = new Date();
+    const role = user?.role;
+
+    // 未知或无效角色：一律拒绝并记录（防御性，保证判定一致性）。
+    const knownRole =
+      role === Role.Student ||
+      role === Role.Mentor ||
+      role === Role.Administrator;
+    if (!knownRole) {
+      return this.deny(
+        user,
+        resource,
+        action,
+        decidedAt,
+        ComplianceAccessService.REASON_UNKNOWN_ROLE,
+        `未知或无效的用户角色：${String(role)}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 1-2. 范围内允许（需求 17.2）。
+    if (isWithinScope(role, resource.resourceType, action)) {
+      return {
+        allowed: true,
+        actorId: user.id,
+        actorRole: role,
+        resource,
+        action,
+        decidedAt,
+      };
+    }
+
+    // 3. 越权拒绝并记录拒绝事件（需求 17.3）。
+    return this.deny(
+      user,
+      resource,
+      action,
+      decidedAt,
+      ComplianceAccessService.REASON_OUT_OF_SCOPE,
+      `操作 ${action} 不在角色 ${role} 对资源类型 ${resource.resourceType} 的权限范围内`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 列出全部越权拒绝事件（需求 17.3）。 */
+  async listDenialEvents(): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    return this.repository.listDenialEvents();
+  }
+
+  /** 列出指定操作者的越权拒绝事件（需求 17.3，亦支撑需求 15.4）。 */
+  async listDenialEventsByActor(
+    actorId: string,
+  ): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    return this.repository.listDenialEventsByActor(actorId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 记录一次越权访问尝试的拒绝事件并返回拒绝决策（需求 15.4、17.3）。
+   *
+   * 面向"角色级权限通过、但记录级校验不通过"的越权场景：典型如导师查看非其所带学生
+   * 画像——`checkAccess` 因导师角色可读取学生画像（需求 17.1）而返回允许，但需求 15.3
+   * 要求仅在存在带教关系时才允许查看；带教关系缺失时由调用方（导师端）调用本方法，
+   * 以"缺少带教关系"为原因记录一条拒绝事件（含操作者、时间、资源标识与拒绝原因，
+   * 需求 17.3）并返回拒绝决策。
+   *
+   * 与 `checkAccess` 的拒绝路径共用同一落库机制（`appendDenialEvent`），保证越权尝试
+   * 可被一致地追溯（`listDenialEventsByActor`，需求 15.4）。本方法仅记录与返回决策、
+   * 不读写受保护资源，"保持资源不被访问"由调用方在收到拒绝后不执行实际访问来保证。
+   *
+   * @param user 发起访问的用户（操作者，需求 17.3）。
+   * @param resource 被访问的受保护资源（含资源类型与资源标识，需求 17.3）。
+   * @param action 被请求的操作类型。
+   * @param reasonCode 拒绝原因码（默认 `REASON_NO_MENTORSHIP`，需求 15.4）。
+   * @param reasonMessage 拒绝原因说明（默认给出缺少带教关系的提示）。
+   */
+  async recordDenial(
+    user: User,
+    resource: ProtectedResource,
+    action: Action,
+    reasonCode: string = ComplianceAccessService.REASON_NO_MENTORSHIP,
+    reasonMessage = '导师与该学生不存在带教关系，无权查看其学生画像',
+  ): Promise<AccessDecision> {
+    return this.deny(
+      user,
+      resource,
+      action,
+      new Date(),
+      reasonCode,
+      reasonMessage,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 构造拒绝决策并记录一条拒绝事件（需求 17.3）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝事件包含操作者、时间、资源标识与拒绝原因；返回的决策携带拒绝原因与
+   * 拒绝事件标识，便于上层提示与审计追溯。
+   */
+  private async deny(
+    user: User,
+    resource: ProtectedResource,
+    action: Action,
+    decidedAt: Date,
+    reasonCode: string,
+    reasonMessage: string,
+  ): Promise<AccessDecision> {
+    const event = await this.repository.appendDenialEvent({
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      actorId: user?.id ?? 'unknown',
+      actorRole: user?.role as Role,
+      resourceType: resource.resourceType,
+      resourceId: resource.identifier,
+      action,
+      reason: reasonMessage,
+      occurredAt: decidedAt,
+    });
+
+    return {
+      allowed: false,
+      actorId: user?.id ?? 'unknown',
+      actorRole: user?.role as Role,
+      resource,
+      action,
+      decidedAt,
+      reason: reasonCode,
+      denialEventId: event.id,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/compliance.controller.ts b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..382a352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { Controller, Get, Param, Query } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AuthenticatedUser,
+  CurrentUser,
+  Role,
+  Roles,
+} from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { AuditLogService } from './audit-log.service';
+import { ComplianceAccessService } from './compliance-access.service';
+import {
+  AccessDenialEvent,
+  AuditLogEntry,
+  PermissionScope,
+  Role as ComplianceRole,
+} from './compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 合规与权限管理 HTTP 接口（`/api/admin/compliance`，需求 17）。
+ *
+ * 限定**管理员**（`Role.Administrator`）——权限与合规管理属管理端职责（需求 17.1）。
+ * 审计日志的查看本身亦为敏感数据访问，故仅管理员可达。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `GET /api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes`：列出三类角色的权限范围（需求 17.1）。
+ * - `GET /api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes/:role`：查看指定角色权限范围。
+ * - `GET /api/admin/compliance/audit-logs`：列出审计日志（可按 actorId 过滤，需求 17.4）。
+ * - `GET /api/admin/compliance/denial-events`：列出越权拒绝事件（可按 actorId 过滤，需求 17.3）。
+ *
+ * 全部为只读查询，不修改任何资源。
+ */
+@Controller('api/admin/compliance')
+@Roles(Role.Administrator)
+export class ComplianceController {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly access: ComplianceAccessService,
+    private readonly auditLog: AuditLogService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /** 列出全部三类角色的权限范围（需求 17.1）。 */
+  @Get('permission-scopes')
+  listPermissionScopes(): PermissionScope[] {
+    return [
+      ComplianceRole.Student,
+      ComplianceRole.Mentor,
+      ComplianceRole.Administrator,
+    ].map((role) => this.access.getPermissionScope(role));
+  }
+
+  /** 查看指定角色的权限范围（需求 17.1）。 */
+  @Get('permission-scopes/:role')
+  getPermissionScope(@Param('role') role: ComplianceRole): PermissionScope {
+    return this.access.getPermissionScope(role);
+  }
+
+  /** 列出审计日志，可按操作者过滤（需求 17.4、7.6）。 */
+  @Get('audit-logs')
+  async listAuditLogs(
+    @Query('actorId') actorId?: string,
+  ): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    if (actorId && actorId.trim() !== '') {
+      return this.auditLog.listAuditLogsByActor(actorId);
+    }
+    return this.auditLog.listAuditLogs();
+  }
+
+  /** 列出越权拒绝事件，可按操作者过滤（需求 17.3、15.4）。 */
+  @Get('denial-events')
+  async listDenialEvents(
+    @CurrentUser() _admin: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Query('actorId') actorId?: string,
+  ): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    if (actorId && actorId.trim() !== '') {
+      return this.access.listDenialEventsByActor(actorId);
+    }
+    return this.access.listDenialEvents();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/compliance.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44e2c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * 合规与权限管理 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 17）。
+ *
+ * 验证管理端权限/合规接口：
+ * - 管理员可列出三类角色的权限范围、审计日志、越权拒绝事件。
+ * - 学生/导师越权访问 403；未认证 401。
+ */
+describe('Compliance Admin E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (method: string, path: string, body?: unknown, token?: string) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `u_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+    });
+    return (await res.json()).accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('管理员列出三类角色权限范围（需求 17.1）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('administrator');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const scopes = await res.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(scopes)).toBe(true);
+    expect(scopes.length).toBe(3);
+    const roles = scopes.map((s: { role: string }) => s.role).sort();
+    expect(roles).toEqual(['administrator', 'mentor', 'student']);
+  });
+
+  it('管理员查看指定角色权限范围', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('administrator');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes/student',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const scope = await res.json();
+    expect(scope.role).toBe('student');
+    expect(Array.isArray(scope.permissions)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('管理员列出审计日志与拒绝事件（需求 17.3、17.4）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('administrator');
+    const logsRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/admin/compliance/audit-logs',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(logsRes.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(Array.isArray(await logsRes.json())).toBe(true);
+
+    const denialsRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/admin/compliance/denial-events',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(denialsRes.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(Array.isArray(await denialsRes.json())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('非管理员越权访问被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes',
+      undefined,
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/admin/compliance/audit-logs');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/compliance.module.ts b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..724dc05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+
+import { AuditLogService } from './audit-log.service';
+import { ComplianceAccessService } from './compliance-access.service';
+import { ComplianceController } from './compliance.controller';
+import { COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY } from './compliance.types';
+import { ConsentService } from './consent.service';
+import { AccessDenialEventEntity } from './entities/access-denial-event.entity';
+import { AuditLogEntity } from './entities/audit-log.entity';
+import { ConsentRecordEntity } from './entities/consent-record.entity';
+import { InMemoryComplianceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository';
+import { TypeOrmComplianceRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-compliance.repository';
+
+/** 合规模块持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const COMPLIANCE_ENTITIES = [
+  AccessDenialEventEntity,
+  ConsentRecordEntity,
+  AuditLogEntity,
+];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 7、17 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmComplianceRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryComplianceRepository,
+      {
+        provide: COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryComplianceRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 合规模块（横切，需求 7、15.4、17）。
+ *
+ * 本模块已实现：
+ * - 权限分级与访问判定（`ComplianceAccessService`，需求 17.1、17.2、17.3）：
+ *   为学生/导师/管理员定义权限范围，范围内允许、越权拒绝并记录拒绝事件。
+ * - 知情同意授权与画像脱敏（`ConsentService`，需求 7.2–7.5、7.8）：
+ *   授权登记/校验/撤销与 `resolveProfileView`（本人完整、非本人按授权脱敏）。
+ * - 敏感操作审计日志（`AuditLogService`，需求 7.6、17.4）：
+ *   `writeAuditLog`（操作者/时间/操作类型/数据范围，画像访问附字段范围与用途，
+ *   5 秒内记录）与保留策略（保留期限不少于 12 个月）。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行
+ * （与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱与技能中心底座风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 持久化：TypeORM 实体（AccessDenialEventEntity、ConsentRecordEntity、
+ * AuditLogEntity）与 `TypeOrmComplianceRepository` 已提供，待具备 PostgreSQL
+ * 环境时，可在此处通过 `TypeOrmModule.forFeature([...])` 注册实体并将仓库 provider
+ * 替换为 TypeORM 实现，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(COMPLIANCE_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    ComplianceAccessService,
+    ConsentService,
+    AuditLogService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [ComplianceController],
+  exports: [
+    ComplianceAccessService,
+    ConsentService,
+    AuditLogService,
+    COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY,
+  ],
+})
+export class ComplianceModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/compliance.types.ts b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3188a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/compliance.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+/**
+ * 合规模块（Compliance_Module，横切）领域类型与权限分级定义。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 17（权限分级与审计）的权限判定部分：
+ * - 需求 17.1：合规模块应为学生、导师与管理员各自定义访问权限范围，
+ *   且每个权限范围应列出可访问的资源类型与允许的操作类型。
+ * - 需求 17.2：当用户访问一项处于其角色权限范围内的受保护资源时，应允许访问。
+ * - 需求 17.3：越权访问应被拒绝、保持资源不被访问，并记录包含操作者、时间、
+ *   资源标识与拒绝原因的事件。
+ *
+ * 本文件提供"统一用户/角色模型 + 权限范围数据 + 持久化抽象"，作为本系统权限
+ * 判定（任务 4.1）的共享底座。设计要点：
+ * - 这里定义的 `User` / `Role` 为**全系统规范类型**：技能能力中心当前使用的最小
+ *   角色抽象（`SkillActorRole` / `SkillActor`）后续可适配或替换为此处的统一类型，
+ *   从而让技能治理（需求 13.6）改为调用 `ComplianceAccessService.checkAccess()`，
+ *   与全系统权限矩阵保持一致（见 skill-center.types.ts 中的待办说明）。
+ * - 权限范围以"资源类型 → 允许操作类型集合"的形式声明，天然满足需求 17.1 的
+ *   "列出可访问的资源类型与允许的操作类型"。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 用户角色（全系统规范角色）。
+ *
+ * 需求 17.1 要求为学生、导师与管理员各自定义访问权限范围。取值与技能能力中心的
+ * 最小角色抽象（`SkillActorRole`）保持一致（同为 'student'/'mentor'/'administrator'），
+ * 便于后续将技能治理的角色判定统一到合规模块。
+ */
+export enum Role {
+  /** 学生：使用本系统进行学习、训练与科研的在校学生。 */
+  Student = 'student',
+  /** 导师：审核题目、点评成果、查看所带学生画像的教师。 */
+  Mentor = 'mentor',
+  /** 管理员：负责系统配置、技能治理、权限与合规管理的运营人员。 */
+  Administrator = 'administrator',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 用户（全系统规范用户抽象）。
+ *
+ * 承载权限判定与审计所需的最小身份信息：唯一标识与角色（需求 17.3：操作者）。
+ */
+export interface User {
+  /** 用户唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 用户角色。 */
+  role: Role;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 受保护资源类型（需求 17.1：可访问的资源类型）。
+ *
+ * 列举本系统中需经合规模块权限判定的受保护资源种类。各业务模块在发起受保护
+ * 资源访问时声明其资源类型，由 `checkAccess` 依据角色权限范围判定是否允许。
+ */
+export enum ResourceType {
+  /** 学习成果（个人学习空间，需求 1）。 */
+  Achievement = 'achievement',
+  /** 学生画像（含敏感数据，需求 6、7）。 */
+  StudentProfile = 'student_profile',
+  /** 对练题目（课程对练引擎，需求 3）。 */
+  Question = 'question',
+  /** 对练报告（课程对练引擎，需求 4）。 */
+  PracticeReport = 'practice_report',
+  /** 能力图谱数据（统一底座，需求 14）。 */
+  CompetencyData = 'competency_data',
+  /** 技能定义（技能能力中心治理，需求 13）。 */
+  SkillDefinition = 'skill_definition',
+  /** 知情同意授权记录（需求 7）。 */
+  ConsentRecord = 'consent_record',
+  /** 职业规划（职业规划模块，需求 8、9）。 */
+  CareerPlan = 'career_plan',
+  /** AI 协同训练任务与评估（需求 12）。 */
+  CollaborationTask = 'collaboration_task',
+  /** 审计日志（需求 7.6、17.4）。 */
+  AuditLog = 'audit_log',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 操作类型（需求 17.1：允许的操作类型）。
+ *
+ * 列举对受保护资源可执行的操作种类。权限范围以"资源类型 → 允许操作类型集合"
+ * 声明，`checkAccess` 据此判定 (资源类型, 操作) 是否处于角色权限范围内。
+ */
+export enum Action {
+  /** 查看/读取。 */
+  Read = 'read',
+  /** 创建/新增。 */
+  Create = 'create',
+  /** 修改/更新。 */
+  Update = 'update',
+  /** 删除。 */
+  Delete = 'delete',
+  /** 导出（如导出画像、引用）。 */
+  Export = 'export',
+  /** 审核（导师对题目通过/退回，需求 3、15.1）。 */
+  Review = 'review',
+  /** 配置/治理（管理员或导师配置启用技能定义，需求 13.6）。 */
+  Configure = 'configure',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 受保护资源（需求 17.3：资源标识）。
+ *
+ * 标识一次访问所针对的具体受保护资源：资源类型 + 资源标识。
+ * 资源标识用于在越权拒绝事件中记录"资源标识"（需求 17.3）。
+ */
+export interface ProtectedResource {
+  /** 资源类型。 */
+  resourceType: ResourceType;
+  /** 资源标识（用于拒绝事件溯源，需求 17.3）。 */
+  identifier: string;
+  /** 资源归属的学生标识（可选，供记录级判定与审计参考）。 */
+  ownerId?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单条资源权限（需求 17.1）。
+ *
+ * 声明某一资源类型上允许的操作类型集合。一个角色的权限范围由若干条
+ * 资源权限组成，从而"列出可访问的资源类型（各条的 `resourceType`）与
+ * 允许的操作类型（各条的 `actions`）"。
+ */
+export interface ResourcePermission {
+  /** 可访问的资源类型。 */
+  resourceType: ResourceType;
+  /** 在该资源类型上允许的操作类型集合。 */
+  actions: Action[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 角色访问权限范围（需求 17.1）。
+ *
+ * 一个角色对应一个权限范围，列出其可访问的资源类型与各资源类型上允许的操作类型。
+ */
+export interface PermissionScope {
+  /** 适用角色。 */
+  role: Role;
+  /** 该角色的资源权限列表。 */
+  permissions: ResourcePermission[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学生权限范围（需求 17.1）。
+ *
+ * 学生可管理自身学习数据与训练记录，但不可治理技能定义、不可访问审计日志。
+ * 注意：画像的记录级授权与脱敏（需求 7）由 `resolveProfileView`（任务 4.2）
+ * 进一步处理；本处仅声明角色级可访问资源类型与操作类型。
+ */
+const STUDENT_PERMISSIONS: ResourcePermission[] = [
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.Achievement, actions: [Action.Read, Action.Create, Action.Update] },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile, actions: [Action.Read] },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.Question, actions: [Action.Read] },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.PracticeReport, actions: [Action.Read, Action.Create] },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.CompetencyData, actions: [Action.Read] },
+  {
+    resourceType: ResourceType.ConsentRecord,
+    actions: [Action.Read, Action.Create, Action.Update],
+  },
+  {
+    resourceType: ResourceType.CareerPlan,
+    actions: [Action.Read, Action.Create, Action.Update],
+  },
+  {
+    resourceType: ResourceType.CollaborationTask,
+    actions: [Action.Read, Action.Create],
+  },
+];
+
+/**
+ * 导师权限范围（需求 17.1、15）。
+ *
+ * 导师可审核题目（需求 15.1）、点评成果（需求 15.2）、查看所带学生画像
+ * （需求 15.3，记录级带教关系由导师端/合规进一步校验）、配置启用技能定义
+ * （需求 13.6）。导师不可访问审计日志、不可删除资源。
+ */
+const MENTOR_PERMISSIONS: ResourcePermission[] = [
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.Achievement, actions: [Action.Read, Action.Update] },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile, actions: [Action.Read] },
+  {
+    resourceType: ResourceType.Question,
+    actions: [Action.Read, Action.Review, Action.Create, Action.Update],
+  },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.PracticeReport, actions: [Action.Read] },
+  { resourceType: ResourceType.CompetencyData, actions: [Action.Read] },
+  {
+    resourceType: ResourceType.SkillDefinition,
+    actions: [Action.Read, Action.Create, Action.Update, Action.Configure],
+  },
+  {
+    resourceType: ResourceType.CollaborationTask,
+    actions: [Action.Read, Action.Update],
+  },
+];
+
+/** 管理员可访问的全部资源类型（需求 17.1）。 */
+const ADMINISTRATOR_RESOURCE_TYPES: ResourceType[] = Object.values(ResourceType);
+
+/** 管理员在每个资源类型上允许的全部操作类型（需求 17.1）。 */
+const ADMINISTRATOR_ACTIONS: Action[] = Object.values(Action);
+
+/**
+ * 管理员权限范围（需求 17.1）。
+ *
+ * 管理员负责系统配置、技能治理、权限与合规管理，对全部资源类型具备全部操作权限，
+ * 包括审计日志的查看与导出（需求 17.4）。以编程方式生成全集，避免遗漏。
+ */
+const ADMINISTRATOR_PERMISSIONS: ResourcePermission[] =
+  ADMINISTRATOR_RESOURCE_TYPES.map((resourceType) => ({
+    resourceType,
+    actions: [...ADMINISTRATOR_ACTIONS],
+  }));
+
+/**
+ * 默认角色权限范围矩阵（需求 17.1）。
+ *
+ * 为学生、导师与管理员各自定义访问权限范围，每个范围列出可访问的资源类型
+ * 与允许的操作类型。这是 `checkAccess` 进行权限判定的唯一权威依据。
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_PERMISSION_SCOPES: Readonly<Record<Role, PermissionScope>> =
+  Object.freeze({
+    [Role.Student]: { role: Role.Student, permissions: STUDENT_PERMISSIONS },
+    [Role.Mentor]: { role: Role.Mentor, permissions: MENTOR_PERMISSIONS },
+    [Role.Administrator]: {
+      role: Role.Administrator,
+      permissions: ADMINISTRATOR_PERMISSIONS,
+    },
+  });
+
+/** 获取指定角色的权限范围（需求 17.1）。 */
+export function getPermissionScope(role: Role): PermissionScope {
+  return DEFAULT_PERMISSION_SCOPES[role];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判定 (角色, 资源类型, 操作) 是否处于该角色的权限范围内（需求 17.2、17.3）。
+ *
+ * 当且仅当该角色的权限范围中存在一条匹配 `resourceType` 的资源权限，且其
+ * 允许操作集合包含 `action` 时返回 true。这是 Property 6 的判定核心。
+ */
+export function isWithinScope(
+  role: Role,
+  resourceType: ResourceType,
+  action: Action,
+): boolean {
+  const scope = DEFAULT_PERMISSION_SCOPES[role];
+  if (!scope) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return scope.permissions.some(
+    (permission) =>
+      permission.resourceType === resourceType &&
+      permission.actions.includes(action),
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * 越权访问拒绝事件（需求 17.3）。
+ *
+ * 当用户访问超出其角色权限范围的资源时记录，包含操作者、时间、资源标识与
+ * 拒绝原因。仅追加、不可篡改，供合规审计与越权尝试追溯（亦支撑需求 15.4）。
+ */
+export interface AccessDenialEvent {
+  /** 拒绝事件唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 操作者标识（需求 17.3：操作者）。 */
+  actorId: string;
+  /** 操作者角色（需求 17.3：操作者）。 */
+  actorRole: Role;
+  /** 被访问资源的类型。 */
+  resourceType: ResourceType;
+  /** 被访问资源的标识（需求 17.3：资源标识）。 */
+  resourceId: string;
+  /** 被拒绝的操作类型。 */
+  action: Action;
+  /** 拒绝原因（需求 17.3：拒绝原因）。 */
+  reason: string;
+  /** 拒绝发生时间（需求 17.3：时间）。 */
+  occurredAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 访问判定结果（需求 17.2、17.3）。
+ *
+ * `checkAccess` 的返回值。`allowed` 为判定结果；被拒绝时附带拒绝原因与所记录
+ * 拒绝事件的标识（`denialEventId`），便于上层向调用方提示并追溯审计记录。
+ */
+export interface AccessDecision {
+  /** 是否允许本次访问。 */
+  allowed: boolean;
+  /** 操作者标识。 */
+  actorId: string;
+  /** 操作者角色。 */
+  actorRole: Role;
+  /** 被访问资源。 */
+  resource: ProtectedResource;
+  /** 被请求的操作类型。 */
+  action: Action;
+  /** 判定时间。 */
+  decidedAt: Date;
+  /** 拒绝原因（仅在被拒绝时存在，需求 17.3）。 */
+  reason?: string;
+  /** 所记录拒绝事件的标识（仅在被拒绝时存在，需求 17.3）。 */
+  denialEventId?: string;
+}
+
+/* ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * 知情同意授权与画像脱敏（任务 4.2，需求 7.1–7.5、7.8）
+ * ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/**
+ * 敏感字段类别（需求 7.1）。
+ *
+ * 学生画像中应被标记为敏感字段的五类数据：身份标识、联系方式、健康与医疗记录、
+ * 心理测评结果、生物特征数据。脱敏（需求 7.5）以"字段类别是否在已授权范围内"为
+ * 判定单位；知情同意授权的 `scope` 即由这些类别构成。
+ *
+ * 说明：需求 7.1 的"标记敏感字段"由学生画像引擎（任务 9）在生成画像时完成；本处
+ * 定义类别枚举作为脱敏与授权范围（`ConsentRecord.scope`）的共享标记词表。
+ */
+export enum SensitiveFieldCategory {
+  /** 身份标识（姓名、学号、证件号等）。 */
+  Identity = 'identity',
+  /** 联系方式（电话、邮箱、住址等）。 */
+  Contact = 'contact',
+  /** 健康与医疗记录。 */
+  MedicalRecord = 'medical_record',
+  /** 心理测评结果。 */
+  PsychologicalAssessment = 'psychological_assessment',
+  /** 生物特征数据。 */
+  Biometric = 'biometric',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 画像使用用途（需求 7.3）。
+ *
+ * 标识"学生本人之外"对画像的使用场景。知情同意授权针对特定用途授予；非本人访问
+ * 须存在一条用途覆盖该使用用途的有效授权（需求 7.2、7.3）。
+ */
+export enum Purpose {
+  /** 导师带教审阅（需求 15.3）。 */
+  MentorReview = 'mentor_review',
+  /** 职业规划与发展指导（需求 8、9）。 */
+  CareerGuidance = 'career_guidance',
+  /** 教学研究 / 教育质量分析。 */
+  Research = 'research',
+  /** 行政管理与合规审查。 */
+  AdministrativeManagement = 'administrative_management',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 画像字段（脱敏的最小处理单位）。
+ *
+ * 学生画像由若干字段组成；敏感字段（需求 7.1）携带其类别 `category`，脱敏判定
+ * 以类别是否落在已授权范围内为依据（需求 7.5）。
+ */
+export interface ProfileField {
+  /** 字段标识（如 `dimension.clinical`、`contact.phone`）。 */
+  key: string;
+  /** 字段值（脱敏时不对外暴露，见 `StudentProfileView`）。 */
+  value: unknown;
+  /** 是否为敏感字段（需求 7.1）。 */
+  sensitive: boolean;
+  /** 敏感字段类别（敏感时必填，用于按授权范围脱敏，需求 7.5）。 */
+  category?: SensitiveFieldCategory;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像（合规视角的最小结构，需求 6、7）。
+ *
+ * 任务 9（学生画像引擎）将生成更完整的画像（六维度分值、可追溯来源等）；本处定义
+ * 合规模块进行授权校验与脱敏所需的最小结构——以字段集合表达，便于按字段类别脱敏。
+ * 画像引擎产出的画像可适配为此结构供 `resolveProfileView` 使用。
+ */
+export interface StudentProfile {
+  /** 画像所属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 画像字段集合。 */
+  fields: ProfileField[];
+  /** 画像生成时间（可选）。 */
+  generatedAt?: Date;
+}
+
+/** 脱敏占位标记：未授权敏感字段对外呈现的值（需求 7.5）。 */
+export const REDACTED_VALUE = '[REDACTED]' as const;
+
+/**
+ * 画像字段视图（脱敏后对外呈现的字段）。
+ *
+ * - 非敏感字段：原样返回。
+ * - 已授权敏感字段：原样返回。
+ * - 未授权敏感字段：`value` 置为 `REDACTED_VALUE` 且 `redacted === true`（需求 7.5）。
+ */
+export interface ProfileFieldView {
+  /** 字段标识。 */
+  key: string;
+  /** 字段值（脱敏时为 `REDACTED_VALUE`）。 */
+  value: unknown;
+  /** 是否为敏感字段。 */
+  sensitive: boolean;
+  /** 敏感字段类别（敏感时存在）。 */
+  category?: SensitiveFieldCategory;
+  /** 该字段是否已被脱敏。 */
+  redacted: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像视图（`resolveProfileView` 的返回，需求 7.2、7.4、7.5）。
+ *
+ * - 本人访问：`fullAccess === true`，全部字段原样返回（需求 7.2 之"完整画像"）。
+ * - 非本人访问：`fullAccess === false`（拒绝完整画像，需求 7.2）；仅已授权敏感字段
+ *   原样返回，未授权敏感字段被脱敏（需求 7.5）。
+ * - 非本人且无满足用途的有效授权：`authorized === false` 且 `notice` 给出缺少有效
+ *   授权的提示（需求 7.4），所有敏感字段被脱敏（画像数据不被使用）。
+ */
+export interface StudentProfileView {
+  /** 画像所属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 访问者标识。 */
+  viewerId: string;
+  /** 使用用途。 */
+  purpose: Purpose;
+  /** 是否为本人完整访问（需求 7.2）。 */
+  fullAccess: boolean;
+  /** 是否存在满足用途的有效授权（非本人，需求 7.3、7.4）。本人恒为 true。 */
+  authorized: boolean;
+  /** 已授权的敏感字段类别集合（非本人按授权范围返回字段，需求 7.5）。 */
+  authorizedScope: SensitiveFieldCategory[];
+  /** 脱敏后的字段集合。 */
+  fields: ProfileFieldView[];
+  /** 被脱敏字段的标识集合（便于上层提示）。 */
+  redactedFieldKeys: string[];
+  /** 缺少有效授权时的提示（需求 7.4）。 */
+  notice?: string;
+  /** 解析时间。 */
+  resolvedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 知情同意授权记录（需求 7.3、7.8）。
+ *
+ * 学生针对特定用途授予的授权，限定授权范围（可释放的敏感字段类别）与有效期。
+ * 撤销（`revoked`）后立即失效，此后按未授权处理（需求 7.8）。
+ *
+ * 设计说明：设计文档中 `scope` 标注为 `string[]`，此处细化为强类型
+ * `SensitiveFieldCategory[]`（运行时仍为字符串），以保证脱敏判定的类型安全。
+ */
+export interface ConsentRecord {
+  /** 授权记录唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 授权所属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 授权范围：允许释放的敏感字段类别集合（需求 7.3、7.5）。 */
+  scope: SensitiveFieldCategory[];
+  /** 授权用途（需求 7.3）。 */
+  purpose: Purpose;
+  /** 有效期起始时间。 */
+  validFrom: Date;
+  /** 有效期截止时间（需求 7.3）。 */
+  validUntil: Date;
+  /** 是否已撤销（需求 7.8）。 */
+  revoked: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 知情同意授权校验结果（`verifyConsent` 的返回，需求 7.3、7.4）。
+ *
+ * `authorized` 表示是否存在一条满足用途的有效授权；`authorizedScope` 为命中的全部
+ * 有效授权所覆盖的敏感字段类别并集；未授权时 `reason` 给出缺少有效授权的提示。
+ */
+export interface ConsentVerification {
+  /** 授权所属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 被校验的使用用途。 */
+  purpose: Purpose;
+  /** 是否存在满足用途的有效授权（需求 7.3）。 */
+  authorized: boolean;
+  /** 命中的有效授权覆盖的敏感字段类别并集（需求 7.5）。 */
+  authorizedScope: SensitiveFieldCategory[];
+  /** 命中的有效授权记录标识集合。 */
+  consentIds: string[];
+  /** 未授权时的提示（需求 7.4）。 */
+  reason?: string;
+  /** 校验时间。 */
+  verifiedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判定一条授权记录在指定时刻、针对指定用途是否有效（需求 7.3、7.8）。
+ *
+ * 当且仅当：未撤销、用途覆盖该使用用途、且当前时刻处于有效期内 `[validFrom, validUntil]`
+ * 时返回 true。这是知情同意授权强制不变量（Property 4）的判定核心，供服务与属性
+ * 测试共用，保证"判定逻辑"与"被测断言"出自同一权威定义。
+ */
+export function isConsentActive(
+  consent: ConsentRecord,
+  purpose: Purpose,
+  now: Date,
+): boolean {
+  if (consent.revoked) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (consent.purpose !== purpose) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const t = now.getTime();
+  return consent.validFrom.getTime() <= t && t <= consent.validUntil.getTime();
+}
+
+/* ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * 敏感操作审计日志（任务 4.3，需求 7.6、17.4）
+ * ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/**
+ * 审计结果（需求 17.3、17.4）。
+ *
+ * 标识一次被审计操作的判定结果：`allow` 允许、`deny` 拒绝。拒绝时配合 `reason`
+ * 记录拒绝原因（需求 17.3）。
+ */
+export type AuditOutcome = 'allow' | 'deny';
+
+/**
+ * 敏感操作审计日志条目（需求 7.6、17.4）。
+ *
+ * 当任意角色对敏感数据执行访问、导出或修改操作时（含访问/导出学生画像），合规模块
+ * 在 5 秒内记录一条审计日志，至少包含：操作者（`actorId`，需求 17.4「操作者」/
+ * 7.6「访问者身份」）、时间（`timestamp`）、操作类型（`action`）、数据范围
+ * （`resourceScope`，需求 17.4「数据范围」）。审计日志仅追加、不可篡改，保留期限
+ * 不少于 12 个月（`AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS`，需求 7.6）。
+ *
+ * 设计说明：设计文档给出最小字段（actorId、timestamp、action、resourceScope、
+ * outcome、reason）。为满足需求 7.6 对「画像访问」额外要求的「字段范围与用途」，
+ * 此处以**可选字段**附加 `fieldScope` 与 `purpose`，并附 `id`、`actorRole`、
+ * `resourceType`、`subjectStudentId`（对应 ER 图 `AuditLogEntry }o--|| Student : about`）
+ * 以增强可溯源性；这些扩展不改变核心审计语义，对非画像操作可省略。
+ */
+export interface AuditLogEntry {
+  /** 审计日志条目唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 操作者标识（需求 17.4：操作者 / 需求 7.6：访问者身份）。 */
+  actorId: string;
+  /** 操作者角色（可选，增强操作者身份的可溯源性，需求 7.6）。 */
+  actorRole?: Role;
+  /** 操作发生时间（需求 17.4：时间 / 需求 7.6：时间）。 */
+  timestamp: Date;
+  /** 操作类型（需求 17.4：操作类型，访问/导出/修改）。 */
+  action: Action;
+  /** 数据范围（需求 17.4：数据范围，如 `student_profile:stu-001`）。 */
+  resourceScope: string;
+  /** 被操作资源的类型（可选，便于按资源类型审计）。 */
+  resourceType?: ResourceType;
+  /** 审计对象（被访问数据所属学生标识，对应 ER 图 about 关系，可选）。 */
+  subjectStudentId?: string;
+  /** 字段范围（需求 7.6：画像访问/导出时记录的字段范围，可选）。 */
+  fieldScope?: string[];
+  /** 使用用途（需求 7.6：画像访问/导出时记录的用途，可选）。 */
+  purpose?: Purpose;
+  /** 操作结果（允许/拒绝）。 */
+  outcome: AuditOutcome;
+  /** 拒绝原因（仅在被拒绝时存在，需求 17.3）。 */
+  reason?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 审计日志保留期限（月）：不少于 12 个月（需求 7.6）。
+ *
+ * 保留策略以「保留」为语义：处于保留窗口内（距今 < 12 个月）的审计日志必须被保留，
+ * 不得删除；仅当条目超出保留窗口（早于截止时间）时才允许清理。
+ */
+export const AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS = 12 as const;
+
+/**
+ * 计算审计日志保留窗口的截止时间（需求 7.6）。
+ *
+ * 返回距 `now` 之前 `months` 个月的时刻；时间戳早于该截止时间的条目被视为超出保留
+ * 窗口（可清理），不早于该截止时间的条目处于保留窗口内（必须保留）。
+ */
+export function auditRetentionCutoff(
+  now: Date,
+  months: number = AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS,
+): Date {
+  const cutoff = new Date(now.getTime());
+  cutoff.setMonth(cutoff.getMonth() - months);
+  return cutoff;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判定一条审计日志在指定时刻是否仍处于保留窗口内（需求 7.6）。
+ *
+ * 当且仅当条目时间戳不早于保留截止时间（距今不足 `months` 个月）时返回 true，
+ * 表示必须被保留。这是审计保留策略不变量的判定核心，供服务与测试共用。
+ */
+export function isAuditLogWithinRetention(
+  entry: AuditLogEntry,
+  now: Date,
+  months: number = AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_MONTHS,
+): boolean {
+  return entry.timestamp.getTime() >= auditRetentionCutoff(now, months).getTime();
+}
+
+/**
+ * 合规模块持久化仓库抽象（拒绝事件 / 知情同意授权 / 审计存储）。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 infra 适配器、能力图谱与技能中心底座一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 实现对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * - 任务 4.1：越权拒绝事件的记录与查询（需求 17.3）。
+ * - 任务 4.2：知情同意授权记录的存储、查询与撤销（需求 7.3、7.8）。
+ * - 任务 4.3：通用敏感操作审计日志的追加、查询与保留策略清理（需求 7.6、17.4）。
+ */
+export interface ComplianceRepository {
+  /** 追加一条越权拒绝事件（需求 17.3）。 */
+  appendDenialEvent(event: AccessDenialEvent): Promise<AccessDenialEvent>;
+  /** 列出全部越权拒绝事件（按发生顺序）。 */
+  listDenialEvents(): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]>;
+  /** 列出指定操作者的越权拒绝事件（按发生顺序）。 */
+  listDenialEventsByActor(actorId: string): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]>;
+
+  /** 保存（新增）一条知情同意授权记录（需求 7.3）。 */
+  appendConsent(record: ConsentRecord): Promise<ConsentRecord>;
+  /** 列出指定学生的全部知情同意授权记录。 */
+  listConsentsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<ConsentRecord[]>;
+  /** 按标识查找一条知情同意授权记录（不存在返回 null）。 */
+  findConsent(consentId: string): Promise<ConsentRecord | null>;
+  /**
+   * 撤销指定学生的一条授权，立即失效（需求 7.8）。
+   *
+   * 仅当该授权存在且归属该学生时执行撤销并返回撤销后的记录；否则返回 null。
+   */
+  revokeConsent(
+    studentId: string,
+    consentId: string,
+  ): Promise<ConsentRecord | null>;
+
+  /** 追加一条敏感操作审计日志（需求 7.6、17.4，仅追加、不可篡改）。 */
+  appendAuditLog(entry: AuditLogEntry): Promise<AuditLogEntry>;
+  /** 列出全部审计日志（按发生顺序）。 */
+  listAuditLogs(): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]>;
+  /** 列出指定操作者的审计日志（按发生顺序，需求 17.4）。 */
+  listAuditLogsByActor(actorId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]>;
+  /** 列出与指定学生相关的审计日志（按发生顺序，需求 7.6）。 */
+  listAuditLogsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]>;
+  /**
+   * 清理早于 `cutoff` 的审计日志，返回被清理的条目数（需求 7.6 保留策略）。
+   *
+   * 仅删除超出保留窗口（时间戳严格早于 `cutoff`）的条目；处于保留窗口内的条目
+   * （不早于 `cutoff`）必须被保留，确保保留期限不少于 12 个月。
+   */
+  pruneAuditLogsBefore(cutoff: Date): Promise<number>;
+}
+
+/** 合规模块持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY = Symbol('COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY');
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/consent.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/compliance/consent.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d10118f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/consent.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { isOk, isErr } from '../../common';
+
+import { ConsentService } from './consent.service';
+import {
+  ConsentRecord,
+  Purpose,
+  REDACTED_VALUE,
+  SensitiveFieldCategory,
+  StudentProfile,
+  User,
+  isConsentActive,
+} from './compliance.types';
+import { Role } from './compliance.types';
+import { InMemoryComplianceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 知情同意授权与画像脱敏服务测试（需求 7.2、7.3、7.4、7.5、7.8）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：授权登记/校验/撤销、本人完整画像、非本人脱敏、缺少授权阻止使用等
+ *   具体示例与边界。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 4（授权强制不变量）。
+ */
+describe('ConsentService（知情同意授权与画像脱敏，需求 7.2–7.5、7.8）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryComplianceRepository;
+  let service: ConsentService;
+
+  const STUDENT_ID = 'stu-001';
+  const NOW = new Date('2025-06-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+    service = new ConsentService(repository);
+  });
+
+  /** 构造一个落在 NOW 有效期内、覆盖给定用途与范围的授权输入。 */
+  const validConsentInput = (
+    purpose: Purpose,
+    scope: SensitiveFieldCategory[],
+  ) => ({
+    studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+    scope,
+    purpose,
+    validFrom: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+    validUntil: new Date('2025-12-31T00:00:00.000Z'),
+  });
+
+  /** 构造一个包含敏感与非敏感字段的画像。 */
+  const buildProfile = (studentId = STUDENT_ID): StudentProfile => ({
+    studentId,
+    fields: [
+      { key: 'dimension.clinical', value: 82, sensitive: false },
+      { key: 'dimension.research', value: 75, sensitive: false },
+      {
+        key: 'identity.studentNo',
+        value: 'S2025001',
+        sensitive: true,
+        category: SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+      },
+      {
+        key: 'contact.phone',
+        value: '13800000000',
+        sensitive: true,
+        category: SensitiveFieldCategory.Contact,
+      },
+      {
+        key: 'medical.history',
+        value: '过敏史：青霉素',
+        sensitive: true,
+        category: SensitiveFieldCategory.MedicalRecord,
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+
+  describe('grantConsent（授权登记，需求 7.3）', () => {
+    it('登记一条有效授权并持久化', async () => {
+      const result = await service.grantConsent(
+        validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.id).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(result.value.revoked).toBe(false);
+        expect(result.value.purpose).toBe(Purpose.MentorReview);
+      }
+      const stored = await repository.listConsentsByStudent(STUDENT_ID);
+      expect(stored).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('范围为空时拒绝创建且不写入记录（数据保全）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.grantConsent({
+        ...validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, []),
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await repository.listConsentsByStudent(STUDENT_ID)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('有效期起始晚于截止时拒绝创建', async () => {
+      const result = await service.grantConsent({
+        studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+        scope: [SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity],
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+        validFrom: new Date('2025-12-31T00:00:00.000Z'),
+        validUntil: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+      });
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await repository.listConsentsByStudent(STUDENT_ID)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('verifyConsent（授权校验，需求 7.3、7.4）', () => {
+    it('存在覆盖用途的有效授权时返回 authorized=true 与授权范围', async () => {
+      await service.grantConsent(
+        validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Contact,
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const verification = await service.verifyConsent(
+        STUDENT_ID,
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(verification.authorized).toBe(true);
+      expect(verification.authorizedScope.sort()).toEqual(
+        [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Contact,
+        ].sort(),
+      );
+      expect(verification.reason).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('用途不覆盖时返回未授权与缺少授权提示（需求 7.4）', async () => {
+      await service.grantConsent(
+        validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+        ]),
+      );
+
+      const verification = await service.verifyConsent(
+        STUDENT_ID,
+        Purpose.Research,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(verification.authorized).toBe(false);
+      expect(verification.authorizedScope).toEqual([]);
+      expect(verification.reason).toBe(ConsentService.NOTICE_MISSING_CONSENT);
+    });
+
+    it('授权已过有效期时按未授权处理', async () => {
+      await service.grantConsent({
+        studentId: STUDENT_ID,
+        scope: [SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity],
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+        validFrom: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+        validUntil: new Date('2024-12-31T00:00:00.000Z'),
+      });
+
+      const verification = await service.verifyConsent(
+        STUDENT_ID,
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(verification.authorized).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('revokeConsent（撤销即时失效，需求 7.8）', () => {
+    it('撤销后该用途立即按未授权处理', async () => {
+      const granted = await service.grantConsent(
+        validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+        ]),
+      );
+      expect(isOk(granted)).toBe(true);
+      const consentId = isOk(granted) ? granted.value.id : '';
+
+      // 撤销前：有授权。
+      const before = await service.verifyConsent(
+        STUDENT_ID,
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(before.authorized).toBe(true);
+
+      const revoke = await service.revokeConsent(STUDENT_ID, consentId);
+      expect(isOk(revoke)).toBe(true);
+
+      // 撤销后：立即按未授权处理。
+      const after = await service.verifyConsent(
+        STUDENT_ID,
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(after.authorized).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('撤销不存在或不归属该学生的授权时返回授权错误', async () => {
+      const result = await service.revokeConsent(STUDENT_ID, 'nonexistent');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('resolveProfileView（本人完整 / 非本人脱敏，需求 7.2、7.4、7.5）', () => {
+    it('本人访问返回完整画像，无脱敏', async () => {
+      const owner: User = { id: STUDENT_ID, role: Role.Student };
+      const view = await service.resolveProfileView(
+        owner,
+        buildProfile(),
+        Purpose.CareerGuidance,
+        NOW,
+      );
+
+      expect(view.fullAccess).toBe(true);
+      expect(view.redactedFieldKeys).toEqual([]);
+      expect(view.fields.every((f) => f.redacted === false)).toBe(true);
+      const medical = view.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'medical.history');
+      expect(medical?.value).toBe('过敏史：青霉素');
+    });
+
+    it('非本人无授权：拒绝完整画像、全部敏感字段脱敏并提示缺少授权（需求 7.2、7.4、7.5）', async () => {
+      const mentor: User = { id: 'mtr-001', role: Role.Mentor };
+      const view = await service.resolveProfileView(
+        mentor,
+        buildProfile(),
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+
+      expect(view.fullAccess).toBe(false);
+      expect(view.authorized).toBe(false);
+      expect(view.notice).toBe(ConsentService.NOTICE_MISSING_CONSENT);
+
+      // 非敏感字段原样保留。
+      const clinical = view.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'dimension.clinical');
+      expect(clinical?.value).toBe(82);
+      expect(clinical?.redacted).toBe(false);
+
+      // 全部敏感字段被脱敏。
+      const sensitive = view.fields.filter((f) => f.sensitive);
+      expect(sensitive.every((f) => f.redacted && f.value === REDACTED_VALUE)).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+      expect(view.redactedFieldKeys.sort()).toEqual(
+        ['identity.studentNo', 'contact.phone', 'medical.history'].sort(),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('非本人有部分授权：仅返回已授权敏感字段，其余脱敏（需求 7.5）', async () => {
+      // 仅授权 Identity 与 Contact，用途为带教审阅。
+      await service.grantConsent(
+        validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Contact,
+        ]),
+      );
+      const mentor: User = { id: 'mtr-001', role: Role.Mentor };
+      const view = await service.resolveProfileView(
+        mentor,
+        buildProfile(),
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+
+      expect(view.fullAccess).toBe(false);
+      expect(view.authorized).toBe(true);
+
+      const identity = view.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'identity.studentNo');
+      const contact = view.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'contact.phone');
+      const medical = view.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'medical.history');
+
+      // 已授权类别原样返回。
+      expect(identity?.redacted).toBe(false);
+      expect(identity?.value).toBe('S2025001');
+      expect(contact?.redacted).toBe(false);
+      // 未授权类别（医疗记录）脱敏。
+      expect(medical?.redacted).toBe(true);
+      expect(medical?.value).toBe(REDACTED_VALUE);
+      expect(view.redactedFieldKeys).toEqual(['medical.history']);
+    });
+
+    it('撤销授权后非本人访问再次按未授权脱敏（需求 7.8）', async () => {
+      const granted = await service.grantConsent(
+        validConsentInput(Purpose.MentorReview, [
+          SensitiveFieldCategory.Identity,
+        ]),
+      );
+      const consentId = isOk(granted) ? granted.value.id : '';
+      const mentor: User = { id: 'mtr-001', role: Role.Mentor };
+
+      // 撤销前：Identity 字段可见。
+      const before = await service.resolveProfileView(
+        mentor,
+        buildProfile(),
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(
+        before.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'identity.studentNo')?.redacted,
+      ).toBe(false);
+
+      await service.revokeConsent(STUDENT_ID, consentId);
+
+      // 撤销后：Identity 字段被脱敏。
+      const after = await service.resolveProfileView(
+        mentor,
+        buildProfile(),
+        Purpose.MentorReview,
+        NOW,
+      );
+      expect(after.authorized).toBe(false);
+      expect(
+        after.fields.find((f) => f.key === 'identity.studentNo')?.redacted,
+      ).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Property 4: 授权强制不变量
+   *
+   * 对任意非本人访问者与任意画像使用用途，仅当存在一条有效期内、范围与用途均覆盖的
+   * 未撤销授权时，才允许完整访问/使用对应敏感字段；授权撤销后任何后续访问都按未授权
+   * 处理。形式化为：对每个敏感字段，被释放（未脱敏）⟺ 该字段类别落在"满足用途的
+   * 有效授权"覆盖范围内。
+   *
+   * **Validates: Requirements 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.8**
+   */
+  describe('Property 4: 授权强制不变量', () => {
+    const allCategories = Object.values(SensitiveFieldCategory);
+    const allPurposes = Object.values(Purpose);
+
+    const categoryArb = fc.constantFrom(...allCategories);
+    const purposeArb = fc.constantFrom(...allPurposes);
+
+    // 生成一条授权：用途、范围、有效期（相对 NOW 可能有效/过期/未来），撤销与否。
+    const consentArb = fc.record({
+      purpose: purposeArb,
+      scope: fc.uniqueArray(categoryArb, { minLength: 0, maxLength: 5 }),
+      // 起始相对 NOW 偏移（天），可为负（过去）或正（未来）。
+      startOffsetDays: fc.integer({ min: -120, max: 120 }),
+      // 持续天数（>=0）。
+      durationDays: fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 200 }),
+      revoked: fc.boolean(),
+    });
+
+    it('敏感字段被释放 ⟺ 存在覆盖该用途与类别的有效未撤销授权；撤销后按未授权处理', async () => {
+      await fc.assert(
+        fc.asyncProperty(
+          fc.uniqueArray(categoryArb, { minLength: 1, maxLength: 5 }), // 画像中的敏感字段类别
+          fc.array(consentArb, { minLength: 0, maxLength: 6 }), // 学生的授权集合
+          purposeArb, // 本次使用用途
+          fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 6 }), // 非本人访问者后缀
+          async (profileCategories, consentSpecs, usePurpose, viewerSuffix) => {
+            const repo = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+            const svc = new ConsentService(repo);
+            const studentId = 'stu-prop';
+            const now = new Date('2025-06-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+
+            // 直接构造授权记录并写入仓库（含过期/未来/撤销等多种状态）。
+            const dayMs = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+            const consents: ConsentRecord[] = [];
+            for (let i = 0; i < consentSpecs.length; i++) {
+              const spec = consentSpecs[i];
+              const validFrom = new Date(
+                now.getTime() + spec.startOffsetDays * dayMs,
+              );
+              const validUntil = new Date(
+                validFrom.getTime() + spec.durationDays * dayMs,
+              );
+              const record: ConsentRecord = {
+                id: `consent-${i}`,
+                studentId,
+                scope: spec.scope,
+                purpose: spec.purpose,
+                validFrom,
+                validUntil,
+                revoked: spec.revoked,
+              };
+              consents.push(record);
+              await repo.appendConsent(record);
+            }
+
+            // 期望的已授权范围：所有"满足用途且 isConsentActive"授权范围的并集。
+            const expectedScope = new Set<SensitiveFieldCategory>();
+            for (const c of consents) {
+              if (isConsentActive(c, usePurpose, now)) {
+                for (const cat of c.scope) {
+                  expectedScope.add(cat);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            // 构造画像：每个类别一个敏感字段，外加一个非敏感字段。
+            const profile: StudentProfile = {
+              studentId,
+              fields: [
+                { key: 'dim.x', value: 50, sensitive: false },
+                ...profileCategories.map((cat) => ({
+                  key: `field.${cat}`,
+                  value: `value-${cat}`,
+                  sensitive: true,
+                  category: cat,
+                })),
+              ],
+            };
+
+            const viewer: User = {
+              id: `viewer-${viewerSuffix}`,
+              role: Role.Mentor,
+            };
+            const view = await svc.resolveProfileView(
+              viewer,
+              profile,
+              usePurpose,
+              now,
+            );
+
+            // 非本人一律拒绝完整画像（需求 7.2）。
+            expect(view.fullAccess).toBe(false);
+
+            // 不变量：每个敏感字段被释放 ⟺ 其类别在期望授权范围内。
+            for (const field of view.fields) {
+              if (!field.sensitive) {
+                expect(field.redacted).toBe(false);
+                continue;
+              }
+              const shouldRelease = expectedScope.has(
+                field.category as SensitiveFieldCategory,
+              );
+              expect(field.redacted).toBe(!shouldRelease);
+              if (!shouldRelease) {
+                expect(field.value).toBe(REDACTED_VALUE);
+              } else {
+                expect(field.value).toBe(`value-${field.category}`);
+              }
+            }
+
+            // authorized 标志 ⟺ 存在任一满足用途的有效授权（需求 7.3、7.4），
+            // 与授权范围是否为空无关：空范围的有效授权仍使 authorized 为 true，
+            // 只是不释放任何敏感字段（上面的逐字段不变量已覆盖该情形）。
+            const anyActive = consents.some((c) =>
+              isConsentActive(c, usePurpose, now),
+            );
+            expect(view.authorized).toBe(anyActive);
+
+            // 撤销所有授权后：任何后续访问都按未授权处理（需求 7.8）。
+            for (const c of consents) {
+              await repo.revokeConsent(studentId, c.id);
+            }
+            const afterRevokeView = await svc.resolveProfileView(
+              viewer,
+              profile,
+              usePurpose,
+              now,
+            );
+            expect(afterRevokeView.authorized).toBe(false);
+            for (const field of afterRevokeView.fields) {
+              if (field.sensitive) {
+                expect(field.redacted).toBe(true);
+                expect(field.value).toBe(REDACTED_VALUE);
+              }
+            }
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 300 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/consent.service.ts b/src/modules/compliance/consent.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cc14b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/consent.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthorizationError, Result, ValidationError, err, ok } from '../../common';
+
+import {
+  COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY,
+  ComplianceRepository,
+  ConsentRecord,
+  ConsentVerification,
+  ProfileField,
+  ProfileFieldView,
+  Purpose,
+  REDACTED_VALUE,
+  SensitiveFieldCategory,
+  StudentProfile,
+  StudentProfileView,
+  User,
+  isConsentActive,
+} from './compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 创建知情同意授权所需的输入（`grantConsent`）。
+ *
+ * 学生针对特定用途授予授权，指定授权范围（可释放的敏感字段类别）与有效期。
+ * `id` 与 `revoked` 由服务生成/初始化，外部无需提供。
+ */
+export interface GrantConsentInput {
+  /** 授权所属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 授权范围：允许释放的敏感字段类别集合（需求 7.3、7.5）。 */
+  scope: SensitiveFieldCategory[];
+  /** 授权用途（需求 7.3）。 */
+  purpose: Purpose;
+  /** 有效期起始时间。 */
+  validFrom: Date;
+  /** 有效期截止时间（需求 7.3）。 */
+  validUntil: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 知情同意授权与画像脱敏服务（合规模块，需求 7.2–7.5、7.8）。
+ *
+ * 职责：
+ * - `grantConsent()`：登记一条知情同意授权（范围、用途、有效期），供学生授权使用。
+ * - `verifyConsent()`：校验是否存在一条仍在有效期内、用途覆盖该用途且未撤销的授权
+ *   （需求 7.3）；不存在时返回未授权及缺少有效授权的提示（需求 7.4）。
+ * - `revokeConsent()`：撤销一条授权并使其立即失效，此后按未授权处理（需求 7.8）。
+ * - `resolveProfileView()`：本人返回完整画像；非本人拒绝完整画像（需求 7.2），并对
+ *   未获授权的敏感字段脱敏、仅返回已授权字段（需求 7.5）；无满足用途的有效授权时
+ *   阻止画像被使用并返回缺少授权的提示（需求 7.4）。
+ *
+ * 关键不变量（Property 4 授权强制不变量）：对任意非本人访问者与任意用途，某敏感
+ * 字段（或完整使用）被释放 ⟺ 存在一条有效期内、范围与用途均覆盖的未撤销授权；
+ * 授权撤销后任何后续访问都按未授权处理。判定核心由 `isConsentActive` 统一提供。
+ *
+ * 性能（需求 7.5：2 秒内）：脱敏为内存中的单遍字段映射，复杂度 O(字段数)，
+ * 远低于 2 秒上限；不涉及外部 IO（授权读取一次性完成）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ConsentService {
+  /** 缺少满足用途的有效授权时的提示（需求 7.4）。 */
+  static readonly NOTICE_MISSING_CONSENT =
+    '缺少仍在有效期内且覆盖该用途的知情同意授权，画像数据未被使用';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPLIANCE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: ComplianceRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 登记一条知情同意授权（需求 7.3）。
+   *
+   * 校验：学生标识非空、授权范围非空、有效期 `validFrom <= validUntil`。
+   * 校验失败时拒绝创建、不写入任何记录并返回校验错误（数据保全）。
+   */
+  async grantConsent(
+    input: GrantConsentInput,
+  ): Promise<Result<ConsentRecord, ValidationError>> {
+    const invalidFields: string[] = [];
+    if (!input.studentId || input.studentId.trim().length === 0) {
+      invalidFields.push('studentId');
+    }
+    if (!Array.isArray(input.scope) || input.scope.length === 0) {
+      invalidFields.push('scope');
+    }
+    if (
+      !(input.validFrom instanceof Date) ||
+      Number.isNaN(input.validFrom.getTime())
+    ) {
+      invalidFields.push('validFrom');
+    }
+    if (
+      !(input.validUntil instanceof Date) ||
+      Number.isNaN(input.validUntil.getTime())
+    ) {
+      invalidFields.push('validUntil');
+    }
+    if (
+      invalidFields.length === 0 &&
+      input.validFrom.getTime() > input.validUntil.getTime()
+    ) {
+      invalidFields.push('validUntil');
+    }
+    if (invalidFields.length > 0) {
+      return err(ValidationError.invalidFields(invalidFields));
+    }
+
+    const record: ConsentRecord = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId: input.studentId,
+      scope: [...new Set(input.scope)],
+      purpose: input.purpose,
+      validFrom: input.validFrom,
+      validUntil: input.validUntil,
+      revoked: false,
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.appendConsent(record);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 校验是否存在满足用途的有效知情同意授权（需求 7.3、7.4）。
+   *
+   * 在指定时刻 `now`（默认当前时间）下，遍历该学生的全部授权记录，命中所有
+   * "未撤销、用途覆盖、处于有效期内"的授权（`isConsentActive`）。`authorized`
+   * 为是否存在至少一条命中；`authorizedScope` 为全部命中授权覆盖范围的并集。
+   * 未授权时附带缺少有效授权的提示（需求 7.4）。
+   */
+  async verifyConsent(
+    studentId: string,
+    purpose: Purpose,
+    now: Date = new Date(),
+  ): Promise<ConsentVerification> {
+    const consents = await this.repository.listConsentsByStudent(studentId);
+    const active = consents.filter((c) => isConsentActive(c, purpose, now));
+
+    const scopeSet = new Set<SensitiveFieldCategory>();
+    for (const consent of active) {
+      for (const category of consent.scope) {
+        scopeSet.add(category);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const authorized = active.length > 0;
+    return {
+      studentId,
+      purpose,
+      authorized,
+      authorizedScope: [...scopeSet],
+      consentIds: active.map((c) => c.id),
+      reason: authorized ? undefined : ConsentService.NOTICE_MISSING_CONSENT,
+      verifiedAt: now,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 撤销一条知情同意授权并使其立即失效（需求 7.8）。
+   *
+   * 仅当该授权存在且归属该学生时撤销成功；撤销后该授权对应用途立即按未授权处理
+   * （后续 `verifyConsent` / `resolveProfileView` 不再命中）。授权不存在或不归属
+   * 该学生时返回授权错误。
+   */
+  async revokeConsent(
+    studentId: string,
+    consentId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<ConsentRecord, AuthorizationError>> {
+    const revoked = await this.repository.revokeConsent(studentId, consentId);
+    if (!revoked) {
+      return err(
+        AuthorizationError.accessDenied(
+          `consent:${consentId}`,
+          '授权记录不存在或不归属该学生，无法撤销',
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    return ok(revoked);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 解析画像视图：本人完整、非本人按授权脱敏（需求 7.2、7.4、7.5）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程（对应设计中的授权与脱敏流程图）：
+   * 1. 访问者是本人 → 返回完整画像（`fullAccess = true`，全部字段原样返回，需求 7.2）。
+   * 2. 访问者非本人 → 拒绝完整画像（`fullAccess = false`，需求 7.2）：
+   *    a. 校验是否存在满足用途的有效授权（`verifyConsent`，需求 7.3）。
+   *    b. 逐字段处理：非敏感字段原样返回；敏感字段仅当其类别在已授权范围内才原样
+   *       返回，否则脱敏（需求 7.5）。
+   *    c. 无满足用途的有效授权 → 已授权范围为空，所有敏感字段被脱敏（画像数据不被
+   *       使用），返回缺少有效授权的提示（需求 7.4）。
+   *
+   * @param viewer 访问者（本人或导师/管理员等非本人）。
+   * @param profile 目标学生画像（字段集合，敏感字段携带类别）。
+   * @param purpose 画像使用用途（非本人访问时用于授权校验，需求 7.3）。
+   * @param now 解析时刻（默认当前时间），用于授权有效期判定。
+   */
+  async resolveProfileView(
+    viewer: User,
+    profile: StudentProfile,
+    purpose: Purpose,
+    now: Date = new Date(),
+  ): Promise<StudentProfileView> {
+    const isOwner = viewer?.id === profile.studentId;
+
+    // 1. 本人访问：返回完整画像（需求 7.2）。
+    if (isOwner) {
+      const fields: ProfileFieldView[] = profile.fields.map((f) => ({
+        key: f.key,
+        value: f.value,
+        sensitive: f.sensitive,
+        category: f.category,
+        redacted: false,
+      }));
+      const ownerScope = this.collectSensitiveCategories(profile.fields);
+      return {
+        studentId: profile.studentId,
+        viewerId: viewer.id,
+        purpose,
+        fullAccess: true,
+        authorized: true,
+        authorizedScope: ownerScope,
+        fields,
+        redactedFieldKeys: [],
+        resolvedAt: now,
+      };
+    }
+
+    // 2. 非本人访问：拒绝完整画像（需求 7.2），按授权范围脱敏（需求 7.5）。
+    const verification = await this.verifyConsent(
+      profile.studentId,
+      purpose,
+      now,
+    );
+    const authorizedScope = new Set(verification.authorizedScope);
+
+    const redactedFieldKeys: string[] = [];
+    const fields: ProfileFieldView[] = profile.fields.map((field) => {
+      // 非敏感字段：原样返回。
+      if (!field.sensitive) {
+        return {
+          key: field.key,
+          value: field.value,
+          sensitive: false,
+          category: field.category,
+          redacted: false,
+        };
+      }
+      // 敏感字段：仅当类别在已授权范围内才原样返回，否则脱敏（需求 7.5）。
+      const released =
+        field.category !== undefined && authorizedScope.has(field.category);
+      if (released) {
+        return {
+          key: field.key,
+          value: field.value,
+          sensitive: true,
+          category: field.category,
+          redacted: false,
+        };
+      }
+      redactedFieldKeys.push(field.key);
+      return {
+        key: field.key,
+        value: REDACTED_VALUE,
+        sensitive: true,
+        category: field.category,
+        redacted: true,
+      };
+    });
+
+    return {
+      studentId: profile.studentId,
+      viewerId: viewer?.id ?? 'unknown',
+      purpose,
+      fullAccess: false,
+      authorized: verification.authorized,
+      authorizedScope: [...authorizedScope],
+      fields,
+      redactedFieldKeys,
+      // 无满足用途的有效授权：提示缺少授权、画像数据不被使用（需求 7.4）。
+      notice: verification.authorized
+        ? undefined
+        : ConsentService.NOTICE_MISSING_CONSENT,
+      resolvedAt: now,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 收集字段集合中出现的全部敏感字段类别（去重）。 */
+  private collectSensitiveCategories(
+    fields: ProfileField[],
+  ): SensitiveFieldCategory[] {
+    const set = new Set<SensitiveFieldCategory>();
+    for (const field of fields) {
+      if (field.sensitive && field.category !== undefined) {
+        set.add(field.category);
+      }
+    }
+    return [...set];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/entities/access-denial-event.entity.ts b/src/modules/compliance/entities/access-denial-event.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42c13b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/entities/access-denial-event.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Column, CreateDateColumn, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { Action, ResourceType, Role } from '../compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 越权访问拒绝事件持久化实体（需求 17.3）。
+ *
+ * 记录用户访问超出其角色权限范围的资源时的拒绝事件：操作者身份
+ * （`actorId` + `actorRole`）、时间（`occurredAt`）、资源标识
+ * （`resourceType` + `resourceId`）与拒绝原因（`reason`）。
+ * 拒绝事件仅追加、不可篡改，亦支撑导师越权查看画像的记录（需求 15.4）。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'access_denial_events' })
+export class AccessDenialEventEntity {
+  /** 拒绝事件唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 操作者标识（需求 17.3：操作者）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  actorId!: string;
+
+  /** 操作者角色（需求 17.3：操作者）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  actorRole!: Role;
+
+  /** 被访问资源的类型。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  resourceType!: ResourceType;
+
+  /** 被访问资源的标识（需求 17.3：资源标识）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  resourceId!: string;
+
+  /** 被拒绝的操作类型。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  action!: Action;
+
+  /** 拒绝原因（需求 17.3：拒绝原因）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  reason!: string;
+
+  /** 拒绝发生时间（需求 17.3：时间）。 */
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  occurredAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/entities/audit-log.entity.ts b/src/modules/compliance/entities/audit-log.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d251f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/entities/audit-log.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import { Column, CreateDateColumn, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  Action,
+  AuditOutcome,
+  Purpose,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+} from '../compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 敏感操作审计日志持久化实体（需求 7.6、17.4）。
+ *
+ * 记录任意角色对敏感数据执行访问、导出或修改操作（含访问/导出学生画像）的审计信息：
+ * 操作者（`actorId` + 可选 `actorRole`）、时间（`timestamp`）、操作类型（`action`）、
+ * 数据范围（`resourceScope`）；画像访问/导出额外记录字段范围（`fieldScope`）与用途
+ * （`purpose`，需求 7.6）。审计日志仅追加、不可篡改，保留期限不少于 12 个月。
+ *
+ * 保留策略（需求 7.6）：`timestamp` 上建立索引以便按保留窗口高效清理超出 12 个月的
+ * 条目；处于保留窗口内的条目必须保留。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'audit_logs' })
+export class AuditLogEntity {
+  /** 审计日志条目唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 操作者标识（需求 17.4：操作者 / 需求 7.6：访问者身份）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  actorId!: string;
+
+  /** 操作者角色（可选，增强操作者身份溯源，需求 7.6）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32, nullable: true })
+  actorRole?: Role;
+
+  /** 操作类型（需求 17.4：访问/导出/修改）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  action!: Action;
+
+  /** 数据范围（需求 17.4：数据范围）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  resourceScope!: string;
+
+  /** 被操作资源类型（可选）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64, nullable: true })
+  resourceType?: ResourceType;
+
+  /** 审计对象学生标识（被访问数据所属学生，可选）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128, nullable: true })
+  subjectStudentId?: string;
+
+  /** 字段范围（需求 7.6：画像访问/导出时的字段范围，可选）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'simple-array', nullable: true })
+  fieldScope?: string[];
+
+  /** 使用用途（需求 7.6：画像访问/导出时的用途，可选）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64, nullable: true })
+  purpose?: Purpose;
+
+  /** 操作结果（允许/拒绝）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 8 })
+  outcome!: AuditOutcome;
+
+  /** 拒绝原因（仅在被拒绝时，需求 17.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  reason?: string;
+
+  /** 操作时间（需求 17.4：时间 / 需求 7.6：时间）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  timestamp!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/entities/consent-record.entity.ts b/src/modules/compliance/entities/consent-record.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39f00dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/entities/consent-record.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { Purpose, SensitiveFieldCategory } from '../compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 知情同意授权记录持久化实体（需求 7.3、7.8）。
+ *
+ * 记录学生针对特定用途授予的授权：授权范围（可释放的敏感字段类别集合）、用途、
+ * 有效期（`validFrom` / `validUntil`）与撤销状态（`revoked`）。撤销后立即失效，
+ * 此后按未授权处理（需求 7.8）。
+ *
+ * `scope` 以 `simple-array` 存储敏感字段类别字符串集合，避免引入额外关联表。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'consent_records' })
+export class ConsentRecordEntity {
+  /** 授权记录唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 授权所属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 授权范围：允许释放的敏感字段类别集合（需求 7.3、7.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'simple-array' })
+  scope!: SensitiveFieldCategory[];
+
+  /** 授权用途（需求 7.3）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  purpose!: Purpose;
+
+  /** 有效期起始时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  validFrom!: Date;
+
+  /** 有效期截止时间（需求 7.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  validUntil!: Date;
+
+  /** 是否已撤销（需求 7.8）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean', default: false })
+  revoked!: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/index.ts b/src/modules/compliance/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07eacf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export * from './compliance.types';
+export * from './compliance.controller';
+export * from './compliance-access.service';
+export * from './consent.service';
+export * from './audit-log.service';
+export * from './entities/access-denial-event.entity';
+export * from './entities/consent-record.entity';
+export * from './entities/audit-log.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-compliance.repository';
+export * from './compliance.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository.ts b/src/modules/compliance/repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a6914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/repositories/in-memory-compliance.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AccessDenialEvent,
+  AuditLogEntry,
+  ComplianceRepository,
+  ConsentRecord,
+} from '../compliance.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版合规模块仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱与技能中心内存仓库风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，
+ * 作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 `TypeOrmComplianceRepository` 在具备
+ * PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 不变量维护：
+ * - 越权拒绝事件按发生顺序追加（仅追加、不可篡改），呼应审计记录的不可篡改语义
+ *   （需求 17.3）。
+ * - 知情同意授权记录按学生分组存储；撤销立即生效（需求 7.8）。
+ * - 敏感操作审计日志按发生顺序追加（仅追加、不可篡改），保留策略仅清理超出保留
+ *   窗口（早于 12 个月截止时间）的条目（需求 7.6）。
+ * - 存取时做深拷贝（含 Date 复制），避免外部引用篡改内部状态。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryComplianceRepository implements ComplianceRepository {
+  private readonly denialEvents: AccessDenialEvent[] = [];
+  private readonly consents: ConsentRecord[] = [];
+  private readonly auditLogs: AuditLogEntry[] = [];
+
+  async appendDenialEvent(
+    event: AccessDenialEvent,
+  ): Promise<AccessDenialEvent> {
+    const stored = this.cloneDenialEvent(event);
+    this.denialEvents.push(stored);
+    return this.cloneDenialEvent(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listDenialEvents(): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    return this.denialEvents.map((e) => this.cloneDenialEvent(e));
+  }
+
+  async listDenialEventsByActor(
+    actorId: string,
+  ): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    return this.denialEvents
+      .filter((e) => e.actorId === actorId)
+      .map((e) => this.cloneDenialEvent(e));
+  }
+
+  async appendConsent(record: ConsentRecord): Promise<ConsentRecord> {
+    const stored = this.cloneConsent(record);
+    this.consents.push(stored);
+    return this.cloneConsent(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listConsentsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<ConsentRecord[]> {
+    return this.consents
+      .filter((c) => c.studentId === studentId)
+      .map((c) => this.cloneConsent(c));
+  }
+
+  async findConsent(consentId: string): Promise<ConsentRecord | null> {
+    const found = this.consents.find((c) => c.id === consentId);
+    return found ? this.cloneConsent(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async revokeConsent(
+    studentId: string,
+    consentId: string,
+  ): Promise<ConsentRecord | null> {
+    const found = this.consents.find(
+      (c) => c.id === consentId && c.studentId === studentId,
+    );
+    if (!found) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    // 撤销立即生效（需求 7.8）：直接置位内部状态。
+    found.revoked = true;
+    return this.cloneConsent(found);
+  }
+
+  private cloneDenialEvent(event: AccessDenialEvent): AccessDenialEvent {
+    return {
+      ...event,
+      occurredAt: new Date(event.occurredAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  async appendAuditLog(entry: AuditLogEntry): Promise<AuditLogEntry> {
+    const stored = this.cloneAuditLog(entry);
+    this.auditLogs.push(stored);
+    return this.cloneAuditLog(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.auditLogs.map((e) => this.cloneAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogsByActor(actorId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.auditLogs
+      .filter((e) => e.actorId === actorId)
+      .map((e) => this.cloneAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.auditLogs
+      .filter((e) => e.subjectStudentId === studentId)
+      .map((e) => this.cloneAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async pruneAuditLogsBefore(cutoff: Date): Promise<number> {
+    const cutoffMs = cutoff.getTime();
+    let removed = 0;
+    // 仅清理超出保留窗口（时间戳严格早于截止时间）的条目；保留窗口内的一律保留（需求 7.6）。
+    for (let i = this.auditLogs.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
+      if (this.auditLogs[i].timestamp.getTime() < cutoffMs) {
+        this.auditLogs.splice(i, 1);
+        removed += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+  private cloneAuditLog(entry: AuditLogEntry): AuditLogEntry {
+    return {
+      ...entry,
+      fieldScope: entry.fieldScope ? [...entry.fieldScope] : undefined,
+      timestamp: new Date(entry.timestamp),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneConsent(record: ConsentRecord): ConsentRecord {
+    return {
+      ...record,
+      scope: [...record.scope],
+      validFrom: new Date(record.validFrom),
+      validUntil: new Date(record.validUntil),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/compliance/repositories/typeorm-compliance.repository.ts b/src/modules/compliance/repositories/typeorm-compliance.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f8716f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/compliance/repositories/typeorm-compliance.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { LessThan, Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  AccessDenialEvent,
+  AuditLogEntry,
+  ComplianceRepository,
+  ConsentRecord,
+} from '../compliance.types';
+import { AccessDenialEventEntity } from '../entities/access-denial-event.entity';
+import { AuditLogEntity } from '../entities/audit-log.entity';
+import { ConsentRecordEntity } from '../entities/consent-record.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的合规模块仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现越权拒绝事件（需求 17.3）、知情同意
+ * 授权记录（需求 7.3、7.8）与敏感操作审计日志（需求 7.6、17.4）的持久化。
+ * 与内存实现共享 `ComplianceRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmComplianceRepository implements ComplianceRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(AccessDenialEventEntity)
+    private readonly denialEventRepo: Repository<AccessDenialEventEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(ConsentRecordEntity)
+    private readonly consentRepo: Repository<ConsentRecordEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(AuditLogEntity)
+    private readonly auditLogRepo: Repository<AuditLogEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async appendDenialEvent(
+    event: AccessDenialEvent,
+  ): Promise<AccessDenialEvent> {
+    const entity = this.denialEventRepo.create({
+      id: event.id,
+      actorId: event.actorId,
+      actorRole: event.actorRole,
+      resourceType: event.resourceType,
+      resourceId: event.resourceId,
+      action: event.action,
+      reason: event.reason,
+      occurredAt: event.occurredAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.denialEventRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toDenialEvent(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listDenialEvents(): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    const all = await this.denialEventRepo.find({
+      order: { occurredAt: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toDenialEvent(e));
+  }
+
+  async listDenialEventsByActor(
+    actorId: string,
+  ): Promise<AccessDenialEvent[]> {
+    const all = await this.denialEventRepo.find({
+      where: { actorId },
+      order: { occurredAt: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toDenialEvent(e));
+  }
+
+  async appendConsent(record: ConsentRecord): Promise<ConsentRecord> {
+    const entity = this.consentRepo.create({
+      id: record.id,
+      studentId: record.studentId,
+      scope: [...record.scope],
+      purpose: record.purpose,
+      validFrom: record.validFrom,
+      validUntil: record.validUntil,
+      revoked: record.revoked,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.consentRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toConsent(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listConsentsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<ConsentRecord[]> {
+    const all = await this.consentRepo.find({
+      where: { studentId },
+      order: { validFrom: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return all.map((c) => this.toConsent(c));
+  }
+
+  async findConsent(consentId: string): Promise<ConsentRecord | null> {
+    const found = await this.consentRepo.findOne({ where: { id: consentId } });
+    return found ? this.toConsent(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async revokeConsent(
+    studentId: string,
+    consentId: string,
+  ): Promise<ConsentRecord | null> {
+    const found = await this.consentRepo.findOne({
+      where: { id: consentId, studentId },
+    });
+    if (!found) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    // 撤销立即生效（需求 7.8）。
+    found.revoked = true;
+    const saved = await this.consentRepo.save(found);
+    return this.toConsent(saved);
+  }
+
+  async appendAuditLog(entry: AuditLogEntry): Promise<AuditLogEntry> {
+    const entity = this.auditLogRepo.create({
+      id: entry.id,
+      actorId: entry.actorId,
+      actorRole: entry.actorRole,
+      action: entry.action,
+      resourceScope: entry.resourceScope,
+      resourceType: entry.resourceType,
+      subjectStudentId: entry.subjectStudentId,
+      fieldScope: entry.fieldScope ? [...entry.fieldScope] : undefined,
+      purpose: entry.purpose,
+      outcome: entry.outcome,
+      reason: entry.reason,
+      timestamp: entry.timestamp,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.auditLogRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toAuditLog(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    const all = await this.auditLogRepo.find({ order: { timestamp: 'ASC' } });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogsByActor(actorId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    const all = await this.auditLogRepo.find({
+      where: { actorId },
+      order: { timestamp: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<AuditLogEntry[]> {
+    const all = await this.auditLogRepo.find({
+      where: { subjectStudentId: studentId },
+      order: { timestamp: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async pruneAuditLogsBefore(cutoff: Date): Promise<number> {
+    // 仅清理超出保留窗口（时间戳严格早于截止时间）的条目；保留窗口内的一律保留（需求 7.6）。
+    const result = await this.auditLogRepo.delete({
+      timestamp: LessThan(cutoff),
+    });
+    return result.affected ?? 0;
+  }
+
+  private toAuditLog(entity: AuditLogEntity): AuditLogEntry {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      actorId: entity.actorId,
+      actorRole: entity.actorRole,
+      action: entity.action,
+      resourceScope: entity.resourceScope,
+      resourceType: entity.resourceType,
+      subjectStudentId: entity.subjectStudentId,
+      fieldScope: entity.fieldScope ? [...entity.fieldScope] : undefined,
+      purpose: entity.purpose,
+      outcome: entity.outcome,
+      reason: entity.reason,
+      timestamp: entity.timestamp,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toDenialEvent(entity: AccessDenialEventEntity): AccessDenialEvent {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      actorId: entity.actorId,
+      actorRole: entity.actorRole,
+      resourceType: entity.resourceType,
+      resourceId: entity.resourceId,
+      action: entity.action,
+      reason: entity.reason,
+      occurredAt: entity.occurredAt,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toConsent(entity: ConsentRecordEntity): ConsentRecord {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      scope: [...entity.scope],
+      purpose: entity.purpose,
+      validFrom: entity.validFrom,
+      validUntil: entity.validUntil,
+      revoked: entity.revoked,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/entities/exam-record.entity.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/entities/exam-record.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..908b389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/entities/exam-record.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+@Entity({ name: 'exam_records' })
+export class ExamRecordEntity {
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  questionId!: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  subject!: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  content!: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  options!: string[];
+
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  userAnswer!: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 8 })
+  correctAnswer!: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean' })
+  correct!: boolean;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  explanation!: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  createdAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.controller.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c986b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Delete, Get, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { ExamPrepService } from './exam-prep.service';
+
+@Controller('api/exam-prep')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class ExamPrepController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: ExamPrepService) {}
+
+  @Post('questions/generate')
+  async generateQuestion(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() body: { subject?: string; mode?: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.generateQuestion(user.id, body.subject, body.mode);
+  }
+
+  @Post('questions/:questionId/answer')
+  async submitAnswer(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('questionId') questionId: string,
+    @Body() body: { answer: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.submitAnswer(user.id, questionId, body.answer);
+  }
+
+  @Get('stats')
+  async getStats(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.getStats(user.id);
+  }
+
+  @Get('history')
+  async listHistory(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.listHistory(user.id);
+  }
+
+  @Delete('history/:recordId')
+  async deleteHistory(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('recordId') recordId: string,
+  ) {
+    return this.service.deleteHistory(user.id, recordId);
+  }
+
+  @Delete('history')
+  async deleteAllHistory(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.deleteAllHistory(user.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.module.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dc70e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+
+import { ExamRecordEntity } from './entities/exam-record.entity';
+import { ExamPrepController } from './exam-prep.controller';
+import { EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY } from './exam-prep.types';
+import { ExamPrepService } from './exam-prep.service';
+import { InMemoryExamPrepRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-exam-prep.repository';
+import { TypeOrmExamPrepRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-exam-prep.repository';
+
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmExamPrepRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryExamPrepRepository,
+      {
+        provide: EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryExamPrepRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled() ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([ExamRecordEntity])] : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [ExamPrepService, ...repositoryProviders],
+  controllers: [ExamPrepController],
+  exports: [ExamPrepService],
+})
+export class ExamPrepModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.service.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00a95a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AI_GATEWAY, AIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+import { EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY, type ExamPrepRepository, type ExamRecord } from './exam-prep.types';
+
+export interface ExamQuestion {
+  id: string;
+  content: string;
+  subject: string;
+  options?: string[];
+  correctAnswer: string;
+  explanation: string;
+}
+
+const SUBJECT_POOL: Record<string, string> = {
+  internal: '内科学',
+  surgery: '外科学',
+  pediatrics: '儿科学',
+  obgyn: '妇产科学',
+  pharmacology: '药理学',
+  pathology: '病理学',
+  diagnostics: '诊断学',
+  ethics: '医学伦理',
+};
+
+const DEMO_QUESTIONS: ExamQuestion[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'demo-1',
+    content: '患者，男，65岁，因胸痛2小时入院。心电图示V1-V4导联ST段弓背向上抬高，心肌酶升高。最可能的诊断是？',
+    subject: 'internal',
+    options: ['急性心肌梗死', '不稳定型心绞痛', '主动脉夹层', '肺栓塞'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: 'ST段弓背向上抬高是急性心肌梗死的特征性心电图表现，结合胸痛症状和心肌酶升高可确诊。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-2',
+    content: '慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期最常见的诱因是？',
+    subject: 'internal',
+    options: ['细菌感染', '过敏原接触', '气温骤降', '剧烈运动'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '细菌感染是COPD急性加重最常见的原因，约70-80%的急性加重与此相关。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-3',
+    content: '阑尾炎最常见的早期症状是？',
+    subject: 'surgery',
+    options: ['转移性右下腹痛', '全腹剧痛', '恶心呕吐', '发热'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '转移性右下腹痛是急性阑尾炎最典型的早期症状，疼痛常始于上腹部或脐周，后转移至右下腹。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-4',
+    content: '甲状腺手术中最易损伤的神经是？',
+    subject: 'surgery',
+    options: ['喉返神经', '舌咽神经', '迷走神经', '面神经'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '喉返神经紧贴甲状腺背面走行，是甲状腺手术中最易损伤的神经。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-5',
+    content: '新生儿生理性黄疸通常出现在出生后第几天？',
+    subject: 'pediatrics',
+    options: ['1-2天', '2-3天', '5-7天', '10-14天'],
+    correctAnswer: 'B',
+    explanation: '生理性黄疸多在出生后2-3天出现，4-5天达高峰，7-10天消退。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-6',
+    content: '足月新生儿出生体重低于多少定义为低出生体重儿？',
+    subject: 'pediatrics',
+    options: ['2000g', '2500g', '3000g', '1500g'],
+    correctAnswer: 'B',
+    explanation: '出生体重低于2500g的新生儿定义为低出生体重儿，低于1500g为极低出生体重儿。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-7',
+    content: '前置胎盘最典型的临床表现是？',
+    subject: 'obgyn',
+    options: ['无痛性阴道流血', '腹痛伴阴道流血', '胎膜早破', '子宫收缩'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '前置胎盘最典型的表现是无诱因、无痛性、反复阴道流血。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-8',
+    content: '妊娠合并糖尿病首选的口服降糖药是？',
+    subject: 'obgyn',
+    options: ['胰岛素', '二甲双胍', '格列本脲', '阿卡波糖'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '妊娠合并糖尿病首选胰岛素治疗，口服降糖药在妊娠期使用受限。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-9',
+    content: '青霉素类药物的主要不良反应是？',
+    subject: 'pharmacology',
+    options: ['过敏反应', '肝毒性', '肾毒性', '耳毒性'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '青霉素最常见且最严重的不良反应是过敏反应，严重者可致过敏性休克。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-10',
+    content: '庆大霉素属于哪类抗生素？',
+    subject: 'pharmacology',
+    options: ['氨基糖苷类', '大环内酯类', '喹诺酮类', '四环素类'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '庆大霉素属于氨基糖苷类抗生素，具有耳毒性和肾毒性。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-11',
+    content: '动脉粥样硬化的基本病理变化是？',
+    subject: 'pathology',
+    options: ['脂质条纹', '纤维斑块', '粥样斑块', '复合病变'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '脂质条纹是动脉粥样硬化的早期病变，由内膜下脂质沉积和泡沫细胞聚集形成。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-12',
+    content: '大叶性肺炎最常见的致病菌是？',
+    subject: 'pathology',
+    options: ['肺炎链球菌', '金黄色葡萄球菌', '流感嗜血杆菌', '肺炎克雷伯菌'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '大叶性肺炎90%以上由肺炎链球菌引起，典型表现为肺叶实变。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-13',
+    content: '正常成人心率范围是？',
+    subject: 'diagnostics',
+    options: ['60-100次/分', '50-90次/分', '70-110次/分', '55-85次/分'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '正常成人在安静状态下心率为60-100次/分，低于60为心动过缓，高于100为心动过速。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-14',
+    content: '脑膜刺激征不包括下列哪项？',
+    subject: 'diagnostics',
+    options: ['巴宾斯基征', '颈强直', '克尼格征', '布鲁津斯基征'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '脑膜刺激征包括颈强直、克尼格征和布鲁津斯基征，巴宾斯基征是锥体束受损的病理反射。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-15',
+    content: '医学伦理学中的「不伤害原则」是指？',
+    subject: 'ethics',
+    options: ['避免给患者带来不必要的伤害', '绝对不给患者带来任何痛苦', '只使用无创治疗手段', '让患者自己承担所有风险'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '不伤害原则要求医务人员在诊疗过程中避免给患者带来不必要的身心伤害，而非绝对无伤害。',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'demo-16',
+    content: '患者知情同意的核心要素不包括？',
+    subject: 'ethics',
+    options: ['医生的个人推荐', '病情告知', '治疗方案说明', '风险和预后说明'],
+    correctAnswer: 'A',
+    explanation: '知情同意要求告知病情、治疗方案、风险预后及替代方案，医生的个人推荐不应影响患者自主决定。',
+  },
+];
+
+@Injectable()
+export class ExamPrepService {
+  private questions = new Map<string, ExamQuestion>();
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly ai: AIGateway,
+    @Inject(EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY) private readonly repo: ExamPrepRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async generateQuestion(studentId: string, subject?: string, mode?: string) {
+    const cat = subject || Object.keys(SUBJECT_POOL)[Math.floor(Math.random() * Object.keys(SUBJECT_POOL).length)];
+
+    // mode: 'builtin' | 'ai' | 'auto' (default auto)
+    const useBuiltin = mode === 'builtin' || (mode !== 'ai' && this.hasBuiltinQuestion(cat));
+
+    let question: ExamQuestion;
+
+    if (useBuiltin) {
+      const pool = DEMO_QUESTIONS.filter((q) => q.subject === cat);
+      const demo = pool[Math.floor(Math.random() * pool.length)] ?? DEMO_QUESTIONS[0];
+      question = { ...demo, id: randomUUID(), subject: cat };
+    } else {
+      question = await this.generateByAI(cat);
+    }
+
+    this.questions.set(question.id, question);
+    return {
+      id: question.id,
+      content: question.content,
+      subject: question.subject,
+      options: question.options,
+      source: useBuiltin ? 'builtin' : 'ai',
+    };
+  }
+
+  private hasBuiltinQuestion(subject: string): boolean {
+    return DEMO_QUESTIONS.some((q) => q.subject === subject);
+  }
+
+  private async generateByAI(subject: string): Promise<ExamQuestion> {
+    const label = SUBJECT_POOL[subject] ?? subject;
+    const prompt = `你是执业医师考试命题专家。请为「${label}」科目生成一道执业医师资格考试模拟题。
+
+要求：
+1. 题目为单选题，包含临床情境
+2. 提供4个选项，选项文本不要带字母前缀（如直接写"缺血性心肌病"，不要写"A. 缺血性心肌病"）
+3. 给出正确答案字母（A/B/C/D）和详细解析
+
+输出 JSON 格式：
+{
+  "content": "题目内容",
+  "options": ["选项文本1", "选项文本2", "选项文本3", "选项文本4"],
+  "correctAnswer": "A",
+  "explanation": "解析"
+}`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+
+    let parsed = {
+      content: `${label}模拟题：请根据临床情境选择最佳答案。`,
+      options: ['选项A', '选项B', '选项C', '选项D'],
+      correctAnswer: 'A',
+      explanation: '请结合临床知识和最新指南进行判断。',
+    };
+
+    try {
+      const jsonMatch = genResult.content.match(/\{[\s\S]*\}/);
+      if (jsonMatch) {
+        parsed = { ...parsed, ...JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]) };
+      }
+    } catch {
+      parsed.content = genResult.content;
+    }
+
+    // 防御性清理：去除选项中可能残留的字母前缀（如 "A. xxx" → "xxx"）
+    const cleanedOptions = (parsed.options ?? []).map((opt: string) =>
+      opt.replace(/^[A-D][\.．、]\s*/, '').trim(),
+    );
+
+    return {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      subject,
+      content: parsed.content,
+      options: cleanedOptions.length >= 4 ? cleanedOptions : ['选项A', '选项B', '选项C', '选项D'],
+      correctAnswer: parsed.correctAnswer,
+      explanation: parsed.explanation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async submitAnswer(studentId: string, questionId: string, answer: string) {
+    const question = this.questions.get(questionId);
+    if (!question) {
+      return { error: '试题不存在' };
+    }
+    const correct = answer.trim().toUpperCase() === question.correctAnswer.toUpperCase();
+    const record: ExamRecord = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      questionId,
+      subject: question.subject,
+      content: question.content,
+      options: question.options,
+      userAnswer: answer.trim(),
+      correctAnswer: question.correctAnswer,
+      correct,
+      explanation: question.explanation,
+      createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    await this.repo.save(record);
+    return {
+      correct,
+      correctAnswer: question.correctAnswer,
+      explanation: question.explanation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async listHistory(studentId: string): Promise<ExamRecord[]> {
+    return this.repo.listByStudent(studentId);
+  }
+
+  async deleteHistory(studentId: string, recordId: string) {
+    await this.repo.delete(studentId, recordId);
+    return { deleted: true };
+  }
+
+  async deleteAllHistory(studentId: string) {
+    await this.repo.deleteAll(studentId);
+    return { deleted: true };
+  }
+
+  async getStats(studentId: string) {
+    const history = await this.repo.listByStudent(studentId);
+    const totalAnswered = history.length;
+    const correctCount = history.filter((h) => h.correct).length;
+    const correctRate = totalAnswered > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalAnswered) * 100) : 0;
+
+    const bySubject: Record<string, { total: number; correct: number; correctRate: number | null }> = {};
+
+    // 初始化全部科目
+    for (const key of Object.keys(SUBJECT_POOL)) {
+      bySubject[key] = { total: 0, correct: 0, correctRate: null };
+    }
+
+    for (const h of history) {
+      if (!bySubject[h.subject]) {
+        bySubject[h.subject] = { total: 0, correct: 0, correctRate: null };
+      }
+      bySubject[h.subject].total++;
+      if (h.correct) bySubject[h.subject].correct++;
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(bySubject)) {
+      const s = bySubject[key];
+      s.correctRate = s.total > 0 ? Math.round((s.correct / s.total) * 100) : null;
+    }
+
+    return { totalAnswered, correctRate, bySubject };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.types.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dfda62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/exam-prep.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+export const EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY = Symbol('EXAM_PREP_REPOSITORY');
+
+export interface ExamRecord {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  questionId: string;
+  subject: string;
+  content: string;
+  options?: string[];
+  userAnswer: string;
+  correctAnswer: string;
+  correct: boolean;
+  explanation: string;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+
+export interface ExamPrepRepository {
+  save(record: ExamRecord): Promise<void>;
+  listByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<ExamRecord[]>;
+  delete(studentId: string, recordId: string): Promise<void>;
+  deleteAll(studentId: string): Promise<void>;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/index.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a9dbb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { ExamPrepModule } from './exam-prep.module';
+export { ExamPrepService } from './exam-prep.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/repositories/in-memory-exam-prep.repository.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/repositories/in-memory-exam-prep.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11239d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/repositories/in-memory-exam-prep.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import type { ExamPrepRepository, ExamRecord } from '../exam-prep.types';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryExamPrepRepository implements ExamPrepRepository {
+  private store = new Map<string, ExamRecord[]>();
+
+  async save(record: ExamRecord): Promise<void> {
+    const list = this.store.get(record.studentId) ?? [];
+    list.push(record);
+    this.store.set(record.studentId, list);
+  }
+
+  async listByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<ExamRecord[]> {
+    return this.store.get(studentId) ?? [];
+  }
+
+  async delete(studentId: string, recordId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const list = this.store.get(studentId) ?? [];
+    this.store.set(studentId, list.filter((r) => r.id !== recordId));
+  }
+
+  async deleteAll(studentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    this.store.set(studentId, []);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/exam-prep/repositories/typeorm-exam-prep.repository.ts b/src/modules/exam-prep/repositories/typeorm-exam-prep.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42d5916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/exam-prep/repositories/typeorm-exam-prep.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { ExamRecordEntity } from '../entities/exam-record.entity';
+import type { ExamPrepRepository, ExamRecord } from '../exam-prep.types';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmExamPrepRepository implements ExamPrepRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(ExamRecordEntity)
+    private readonly repo: Repository<ExamRecordEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async save(record: ExamRecord): Promise<void> {
+    const entity = new ExamRecordEntity();
+    entity.id = record.id;
+    entity.studentId = record.studentId;
+    entity.questionId = record.questionId;
+    entity.subject = record.subject;
+    entity.content = record.content;
+    entity.options = record.options ?? [];
+    entity.userAnswer = record.userAnswer;
+    entity.correctAnswer = record.correctAnswer;
+    entity.correct = record.correct;
+    entity.explanation = record.explanation;
+    entity.createdAt = new Date(record.createdAt);
+    await this.repo.save(entity);
+  }
+
+  async listByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<ExamRecord[]> {
+    const rows = await this.repo.find({
+      where: { studentId },
+      order: { createdAt: 'DESC' },
+    });
+    return rows.map((r) => ({
+      id: r.id,
+      studentId: r.studentId,
+      questionId: r.questionId,
+      subject: r.subject,
+      content: r.content,
+      options: r.options,
+      userAnswer: r.userAnswer,
+      correctAnswer: r.correctAnswer,
+      correct: r.correct,
+      explanation: r.explanation,
+      createdAt: r.createdAt.toISOString(),
+    }));
+  }
+
+  async delete(studentId: string, recordId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.repo.delete({ studentId, id: recordId });
+  }
+
+  async deleteAll(studentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.repo.delete({ studentId });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/entities/achievement.entity.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/entities/achievement.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f0a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/entities/achievement.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  AchievementType,
+  AttachmentRef,
+  MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH,
+} from '../learning-space.types';
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果持久化实体（需求 1）。
+ *
+ * 表示学生在个人学习空间中新增的一条学习成果记录，归属到某个学生账户（需求 1.1）。
+ * `title` 长度受 ≤200 字符约束（需求 1.9，校验在 service 层完成，列长度同样设界）。
+ * `attachments` / `competencyTagIds` 以 JSONB 存储。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'achievements' })
+export class AchievementEntity {
+  /** 成果唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识（需求 1.1）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 成果类型（需求 1.2）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  type!: AchievementType;
+
+  /** 标题，长度 ≤200 字符（需求 1.9）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH })
+  title!: string;
+
+  /** 成果时间（需求 1.9 有效日期）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  occurredAt!: Date;
+
+  /** 归档维度：学年（需求 1.3）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  academicYear!: string;
+
+  /** 归档维度：学期（需求 1.3）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  semester!: string;
+
+  /** 临床轮转科室（需求 1.8，可选）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128, nullable: true })
+  rotationDept?: string | null;
+
+  /** 附件引用列表。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  attachments!: AttachmentRef[];
+
+  /** 关联能力标签（需求 1.7）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  competencyTagIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 是否待关联能力标签（需求 1.10）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean', default: false })
+  pendingTagAssociation!: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/entities/milestone.entity.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/entities/milestone.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0c18b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/entities/milestone.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * 里程碑持久化实体（需求 1.4）。
+ *
+ * 表示成长链上的阶段节点，关联该节点内的学习成果标识集合。
+ * 本任务（5.1）仅定义实体；里程碑标记与关联逻辑在任务 5.2 实现。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'milestones' })
+export class MilestoneEntity {
+  /** 里程碑唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 里程碑名称。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  name!: string;
+
+  /** 达成时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  reachedAt!: Date;
+
+  /** 关联的学习成果标识集合。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  achievementIds!: string[];
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/index.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4232bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export * from './learning-space.types';
+export * from './learning-space.dto';
+export * from './learning-space.controller';
+export * from './learning-space.service';
+export * from './learning-space.module';
+export * from './entities/achievement.entity';
+export * from './entities/milestone.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-learning-space.repository';
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.archive-milestone.spec.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.archive-milestone.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..846a937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.archive-milestone.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { LearningSpaceService } from './learning-space.service';
+import {
+  AchievementInput,
+  AchievementType,
+  MilestoneInput,
+  SEMESTER_AUTUMN,
+  SEMESTER_SPRING,
+  deriveArchiveDimensions,
+} from './learning-space.types';
+import { InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间：自动归档与里程碑测试（任务 5.2，需求 1.3、1.4、1.8）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 归档维度：保存成功后按学年、学期归档（需求 1.3），含临床轮转科室时额外按科室归档（需求 1.8）。
+ * - 归档维度自动推导：未显式提供学年/学期时按成果时间推导。
+ * - 里程碑：`markMilestone()` 标记里程碑并关联节点内成果（需求 1.4）——
+ *   按归档维度筛选、显式 id、并集去重、仅纳入本人成果、错误路径数据保全。
+ */
+describe('LearningSpaceService 自动归档与里程碑（需求 1.3、1.4、1.8）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  let service: LearningSpaceService;
+
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+  const baseInput = (over: Partial<AchievementInput> = {}): AchievementInput => ({
+    type: AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+    title: '内科学学习记录',
+    occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T08:00:00.000Z'),
+    ...over,
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    repository = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+    const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+    service = new LearningSpaceService(repository, tagService, mappingService);
+  });
+
+  describe('deriveArchiveDimensions：按时间推导学年/学期', () => {
+    it('9-12 月归为当年-次年的秋季学期', () => {
+      expect(deriveArchiveDimensions(new Date('2024-09-01T00:00:00.000Z'))).toEqual({
+        academicYear: '2024-2025',
+        semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN,
+      });
+      expect(deriveArchiveDimensions(new Date('2024-12-31T00:00:00.000Z'))).toEqual({
+        academicYear: '2024-2025',
+        semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('1 月仍属上一学年的秋季学期', () => {
+      expect(deriveArchiveDimensions(new Date('2025-01-15T00:00:00.000Z'))).toEqual({
+        academicYear: '2024-2025',
+        semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('2-8 月归为上一年-当年的春季学期', () => {
+      expect(deriveArchiveDimensions(new Date('2025-03-01T00:00:00.000Z'))).toEqual({
+        academicYear: '2024-2025',
+        semester: SEMESTER_SPRING,
+      });
+      expect(deriveArchiveDimensions(new Date('2025-08-31T00:00:00.000Z'))).toEqual({
+        academicYear: '2024-2025',
+        semester: SEMESTER_SPRING,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('保存后按学年、学期归档（需求 1.3）', () => {
+    it('显式提供的学年/学期优先用于归档', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ academicYear: '2023-2024', semester: SEMESTER_SPRING }),
+      );
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+
+      const byYear = await service.listByAcademicYear(studentId, '2023-2024');
+      expect(byYear).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      const bySemester = await service.listBySemester(
+        studentId,
+        '2023-2024',
+        SEMESTER_SPRING,
+      );
+      expect(bySemester).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('未提供学年/学期时按成果时间自动推导归档', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T08:00:00.000Z') }),
+      );
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.achievement.academicYear).toBe('2024-2025');
+        expect(result.value.achievement.semester).toBe(SEMESTER_AUTUMN);
+      }
+
+      const byYear = await service.listByAcademicYear(studentId, '2024-2025');
+      expect(byYear).toHaveLength(1);
+      const bySemester = await service.listBySemester(
+        studentId,
+        '2024-2025',
+        SEMESTER_AUTUMN,
+      );
+      expect(bySemester).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('按学年/学期归档查询仅返回匹配该维度的成果', async () => {
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T00:00:00.000Z') }), // 2024-2025 秋季
+      );
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2025-03-01T00:00:00.000Z') }), // 2024-2025 春季
+      );
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2025-10-01T00:00:00.000Z') }), // 2025-2026 秋季
+      );
+
+      const year2425 = await service.listByAcademicYear(studentId, '2024-2025');
+      expect(year2425).toHaveLength(2);
+
+      const autumn2425 = await service.listBySemester(
+        studentId,
+        '2024-2025',
+        SEMESTER_AUTUMN,
+      );
+      expect(autumn2425).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      const spring2425 = await service.listBySemester(
+        studentId,
+        '2024-2025',
+        SEMESTER_SPRING,
+      );
+      expect(spring2425).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('归档查询按学生隔离，不返回其他学生的成果', async () => {
+      await service.addAchievement(studentId, baseInput());
+      await service.addAchievement('stu-other', baseInput());
+
+      const mine = await service.listByAcademicYear(studentId, '2024-2025');
+      expect(mine).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(mine[0].studentId).toBe(studentId);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('含临床轮转科室时额外按科室归档（需求 1.8）', () => {
+    it('保存后可按轮转科室检索到该成果', async () => {
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({
+          type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship,
+          rotationDept: '心内科',
+        }),
+      );
+
+      const byDept = await service.listByRotationDept(studentId, '心内科');
+      expect(byDept).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(byDept[0].rotationDept).toBe('心内科');
+    });
+
+    it('不同轮转科室分别归档，互不混淆', async () => {
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ rotationDept: '心内科' }),
+      );
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ rotationDept: '呼吸内科' }),
+      );
+
+      expect(await service.listByRotationDept(studentId, '心内科')).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(
+        await service.listByRotationDept(studentId, '呼吸内科'),
+      ).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(await service.listByRotationDept(studentId, '骨科')).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('不含轮转科室的成果不会被任何科室归档检索到', async () => {
+      await service.addAchievement(studentId, baseInput());
+      expect(await service.listByRotationDept(studentId, '心内科')).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('markMilestone：标记里程碑并关联节点内成果（需求 1.4）', () => {
+    it('按学年+学期筛选关联该节点内全部成果', async () => {
+      const a1 = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+      );
+      const a2 = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2024-10-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+      );
+      // 不同学期，不应纳入。
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2025-03-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+      );
+
+      const input: MilestoneInput = {
+        name: '完成 2024-2025 秋季学期',
+        node: { academicYear: '2024-2025', semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN },
+      };
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, input);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result) && isOk(a1) && isOk(a2)) {
+        expect(result.value.id).toBeDefined();
+        expect(result.value.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+        expect(result.value.name).toBe('完成 2024-2025 秋季学期');
+        expect(result.value.achievementIds.sort()).toEqual(
+          [a1.value.achievement.id, a2.value.achievement.id].sort(),
+        );
+      }
+
+      const persisted = await repository.listMilestonesByStudent(studentId);
+      expect(persisted).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('按轮转科室筛选关联该节点内成果（需求 1.4 + 1.8）', async () => {
+      const a1 = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ rotationDept: '心内科' }),
+      );
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ rotationDept: '呼吸内科' }),
+      );
+
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, {
+        name: '完成心内科轮转',
+        node: { rotationDept: '心内科' },
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result) && isOk(a1)) {
+        expect(result.value.achievementIds).toEqual([a1.value.achievement.id]);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('支持显式 achievementIds 关联，并与节点条件取并集去重', async () => {
+      const a1 = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+      );
+      const a2 = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2025-03-01T00:00:00.000Z') }), // 春季，节点外
+      );
+
+      if (!isOk(a1) || !isOk(a2)) {
+        throw new Error('预置成果应保存成功');
+      }
+
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, {
+        name: '混合关联里程碑',
+        node: { academicYear: '2024-2025', semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN }, // 命中 a1
+        achievementIds: [a1.value.achievement.id, a2.value.achievement.id], // a1 与节点重复，应去重
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.achievementIds.sort()).toEqual(
+          [a1.value.achievement.id, a2.value.achievement.id].sort(),
+        );
+        // 去重：a1 只出现一次。
+        const occurrences = result.value.achievementIds.filter(
+          (id) => id === a1.value.achievement.id,
+        );
+        expect(occurrences).toHaveLength(1);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('显式 id 中不属于该学生的成果被过滤，不会越权关联', async () => {
+      const mine = await service.addAchievement(studentId, baseInput());
+      const others = await service.addAchievement('stu-other', baseInput());
+
+      if (!isOk(mine) || !isOk(others)) {
+        throw new Error('预置成果应保存成功');
+      }
+
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, {
+        name: '越权过滤里程碑',
+        achievementIds: [mine.value.achievement.id, others.value.achievement.id],
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.achievementIds).toEqual([mine.value.achievement.id]);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('未提供节点条件与显式 id 时，关联成果为空集合', async () => {
+      await service.addAchievement(studentId, baseInput());
+
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, {
+        name: '空节点里程碑',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.achievementIds).toEqual([]);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('缺省 reachedAt 时取当前时间', async () => {
+      const before = Date.now();
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, {
+        name: '默认时间里程碑',
+      });
+      const after = Date.now();
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const ts = result.value.reachedAt.getTime();
+        expect(ts).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+        expect(ts).toBeLessThanOrEqual(after);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('缺少里程碑名称时拒绝标记且不创建记录（数据保全）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.markMilestone(studentId, {
+        name: '   ',
+        node: { academicYear: '2024-2025' },
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_INVALID_MILESTONE,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('name');
+      }
+      expect(await repository.listMilestonesByStudent(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('缺少 studentId 时拒绝标记且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.markMilestone('', { name: '某里程碑' });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('studentId');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.controller.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d35901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Post, Query } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Page } from '@common/pagination';
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import {
+  AuthenticatedUser,
+  CurrentUser,
+  Roles,
+  Role,
+} from '@modules/auth';
+
+import {
+  AddAchievementDto,
+  ListAchievementsQueryDto,
+  MarkMilestoneDto,
+} from './learning-space.dto';
+import { LearningSpaceService } from './learning-space.service';
+import {
+  Achievement,
+  AddAchievementOutcome,
+  Milestone,
+} from './learning-space.types';
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间 HTTP 接口（`/api/learning-space`，需求 1）。
+ *
+ * 全部端点面向**学生本人**：归属学生取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受
+ * 请求体/路径中的 studentId，避免越权操作他人数据（学生角色的 `id` 即 `studentId`）。
+ *
+ * - `POST /api/learning-space/achievements`：新增学习成果（需求 1.1、1.6、1.7、1.9、1.10）。
+ * - `GET  /api/learning-space/achievements`：按时间倒序检索 + 筛选 + 分页（需求 1.5）。
+ * - `POST /api/learning-space/milestones`：标记里程碑并关联节点内成果（需求 1.4）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应。
+ */
+@Controller('api/learning-space')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class LearningSpaceController {
+  constructor(private readonly learningSpace: LearningSpaceService) {}
+
+  /** 新增学习成果（学生本人）。 */
+  @Post('achievements')
+  async addAchievement(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() dto: AddAchievementDto,
+  ): Promise<AddAchievementOutcome> {
+    const result = await this.learningSpace.addAchievement(user.id, {
+      type: dto.type,
+      title: dto.title,
+      occurredAt: new Date(dto.occurredAt),
+      academicYear: dto.academicYear,
+      semester: dto.semester,
+      rotationDept: dto.rotationDept,
+      attachments: dto.attachments,
+    });
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 检索学习成果（按时间倒序、筛选、分页，学生本人）。 */
+  @Get('achievements')
+  async listAchievements(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Query() query: ListAchievementsQueryDto,
+  ): Promise<Page<Achievement>> {
+    return this.learningSpace.listAchievements(
+      user.id,
+      {
+        type: query.type,
+        academicYear: query.academicYear,
+        semester: query.semester,
+        rotationDept: query.rotationDept,
+      },
+      { page: query.page ?? 1, pageSize: query.pageSize ?? undefined },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 标记里程碑并关联节点内成果（学生本人）。 */
+  @Post('milestones')
+  async markMilestone(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() dto: MarkMilestoneDto,
+  ): Promise<Milestone> {
+    const result = await this.learningSpace.markMilestone(user.id, {
+      name: dto.name,
+      reachedAt: dto.reachedAt ? new Date(dto.reachedAt) : undefined,
+      achievementIds: dto.achievementIds,
+      node: dto.node,
+    });
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.dto.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e14a1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import { Type } from 'class-transformer';
+import {
+  IsArray,
+  IsEnum,
+  IsInt,
+  IsISO8601,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  Max,
+  MaxLength,
+  Min,
+  ValidateNested,
+} from 'class-validator';
+
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE } from '@common/pagination';
+
+import {
+  AchievementType,
+  MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH,
+} from './learning-space.types';
+
+/** 附件引用请求体。 */
+export class AttachmentRefDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  id!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(256)
+  name!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(2048)
+  url!: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 新增学习成果请求体（需求 1.1、1.6、1.9）。
+ *
+ * `occurredAt` 以 ISO-8601 字符串传入，Controller 转换为 `Date` 交给 service。
+ * 归属学生由认证身份决定，不在请求体中传 studentId（防越权）。
+ */
+export class AddAchievementDto {
+  @IsEnum(AchievementType)
+  type!: AchievementType;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH)
+  title!: string;
+
+  /** 成果时间（ISO-8601 日期串）。 */
+  @IsISO8601()
+  occurredAt!: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(32)
+  academicYear?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(32)
+  semester?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  rotationDept?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsArray()
+  @ValidateNested({ each: true })
+  @Type(() => AttachmentRefDto)
+  attachments?: AttachmentRefDto[];
+}
+
+/** 里程碑节点归档条件请求体。 */
+export class MilestoneNodeDto {
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(32)
+  academicYear?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(32)
+  semester?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  rotationDept?: string;
+}
+
+/** 标记里程碑请求体（需求 1.4）。 */
+export class MarkMilestoneDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  name!: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsISO8601()
+  reachedAt?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsArray()
+  @IsString({ each: true })
+  achievementIds?: string[];
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @ValidateNested()
+  @Type(() => MilestoneNodeDto)
+  node?: MilestoneNodeDto;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 成果检索查询参数（需求 1.5）。
+ *
+ * 分页参数 `page` / `pageSize` 经 transform 转为数字；`pageSize` 上界即 `MAX_PAGE_SIZE`，
+ * service 的 `paginate` 仍会再做钳制（Property 8 双重保障）。
+ */
+export class ListAchievementsQueryDto {
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsEnum(AchievementType)
+  type?: AchievementType;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(32)
+  academicYear?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(32)
+  semester?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  rotationDept?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @Type(() => Number)
+  @IsInt()
+  @Min(1)
+  page?: number;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @Type(() => Number)
+  @IsInt()
+  @Min(1)
+  @Max(MAX_PAGE_SIZE)
+  pageSize?: number;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0a7099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 1）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生注册登录后，可新增成果（201）、检索成果（200，分页 ≤50）、标记里程碑（201）。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 非学生角色访问被拒（403，角色守卫）。
+ * - 校验失败（标题超长 / 缺字段）返回 400。
+ * - 归属隔离：检索仅返回本人成果。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('LearningSpace E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `s_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('学生新增成果 → 检索 → 标记里程碑全流程', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    // 新增成果。
+    const addRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      {
+        type: 'course_record',
+        title: '系统解剖学课程记录',
+        occurredAt: '2024-10-08T00:00:00.000Z',
+      },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(addRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const added = await addRes.json();
+    expect(added.achievement.title).toBe('系统解剖学课程记录');
+    expect(typeof added.pendingTagAssociation).toBe('boolean');
+
+    // 检索（分页）。
+    const listRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements?page=1&pageSize=50',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(listRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const page = await listRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(page.items)).toBe(true);
+    expect(page.items.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(page.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(50);
+    expect(page.pageSize).toBeLessThanOrEqual(50);
+
+    // 标记里程碑（按学期节点关联）。
+    const msRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/learning-space/milestones',
+      { name: '完成2024秋季学期', node: { semester: '秋季' } },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(msRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const milestone = await msRes.json();
+    expect(milestone.name).toBe('完成2024秋季学期');
+    expect(Array.isArray(milestone.achievementIds)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/learning-space/achievements');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色访问被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      undefined,
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('标题超长返回 400', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      {
+        type: 'course_record',
+        title: 'x'.repeat(201),
+        occurredAt: '2024-10-08T00:00:00.000Z',
+      },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('缺必填字段返回 400', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      { title: '缺类型与时间' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('归属隔离：两名学生互不可见对方成果', async () => {
+    const tokenA = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const tokenB = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      {
+        type: 'assignment',
+        title: 'A 的作业',
+        occurredAt: '2024-10-08T00:00:00.000Z',
+      },
+      tokenA,
+    );
+
+    const listB = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/learning-space/achievements',
+      undefined,
+      tokenB,
+    );
+    const pageB = await listB.json();
+    expect(pageB.items.every((a: { title: string }) => a.title !== 'A 的作业')).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.module.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9c5096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { AchievementEntity } from './entities/achievement.entity';
+import { MilestoneEntity } from './entities/milestone.entity';
+import { LearningSpaceController } from './learning-space.controller';
+import { LearningSpaceService } from './learning-space.service';
+import { LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY } from './learning-space.types';
+import { InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository';
+import { TypeOrmLearningSpaceRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-learning-space.repository';
+
+/** 个人学习空间持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const LEARNING_SPACE_ENTITIES = [AchievementEntity, MilestoneEntity];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 1 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmLearningSpaceRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository,
+      {
+        provide: LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间模块（需求 1）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现：
+ * - 任务 5.1：学习成果模型与新增校验（`LearningSpaceService.addAchievement()`）。
+ * - 任务 5.2：自动归档与里程碑。
+ * - 任务 5.3：成果检索分页（需求 1.5）与能力标签关联（需求 1.7、1.10）。
+ *
+ * 依赖 `CompetencyGraphModule`（底座）：能力标签关联需调用 `CompetencyTagService`
+ * 与 `CompetencyMappingService`，二者由能力图谱模块导出。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行
+ * （与脚手架中 mock 适配器风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 持久化：TypeORM 实体（AchievementEntity / MilestoneEntity）与
+ * `TypeOrmLearningSpaceRepository` 已提供，待具备 PostgreSQL 环境时，
+ * 可在此处通过 `TypeOrmModule.forFeature([...])` 注册实体并将仓库 provider
+ * 替换为 TypeORM 实现，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(LEARNING_SPACE_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [...repositoryProviders, LearningSpaceService],
+  controllers: [LearningSpaceController],
+  exports: [LearningSpaceService, LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY],
+})
+export class LearningSpaceModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.retrieval-tags.spec.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.retrieval-tags.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b1d863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.retrieval-tags.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { isOk } from '@common/result';
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE } from '@common/pagination';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { LearningSpaceService } from './learning-space.service';
+import {
+  ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES,
+  AchievementInput,
+  AchievementType,
+} from './learning-space.types';
+import { InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间：成果检索与能力标签关联测试（任务 5.3，需求 1.5、1.7、1.10）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 检索（需求 1.5）：按成果时间倒序、按类型/学年/学期/轮转科室筛选、每页 ≤50 分页。
+ * - 能力标签关联（需求 1.7）：保存成功后关联到能力图谱中的 ≥1 已定义能力标签，
+ *   并写入映射记录。
+ * - 待关联（需求 1.10）：无匹配已定义标签时标记 `pendingTagAssociation` 并返回补充提示。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 8（分页边界不变量，学习空间部分）。
+ */
+
+/** 构造已装载默认能力标签体系的学习空间服务（能力标签可被关联）。 */
+async function makeSeededLearningSpace(): Promise<{
+  repository: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  service: LearningSpaceService;
+}> {
+  const repository = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  const service = new LearningSpaceService(
+    repository,
+    tagService,
+    mappingService,
+  );
+  return { repository, graphRepo, mappingService, service };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造未装载任何能力标签的学习空间服务（能力图谱为空）。
+ *
+ * 此时任何成果都无法匹配到已定义标签，用于验证需求 1.10 的"待关联"分支。
+ */
+function makeEmptyGraphLearningSpace(): {
+  repository: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  service: LearningSpaceService;
+} {
+  const repository = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  // 不装载默认标签体系：能力图谱中没有任何已定义标签。
+  const service = new LearningSpaceService(
+    repository,
+    tagService,
+    mappingService,
+  );
+  return { repository, service };
+}
+
+const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+const baseInput = (over: Partial<AchievementInput> = {}): AchievementInput => ({
+  type: AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+  title: '内科学学习记录',
+  occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T08:00:00.000Z'),
+  ...over,
+});
+
+describe('LearningSpaceService 能力标签关联（需求 1.7、1.10）', () => {
+  describe('保存成功后关联能力图谱标签（需求 1.7）', () => {
+    it('成果保存后关联到至少一个已定义能力标签，并写入映射记录', async () => {
+      const { mappingService, service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship }),
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const { achievement, pendingTagAssociation, notice } = result.value;
+        expect(pendingTagAssociation).toBe(false);
+        expect(notice).toBeUndefined();
+        // 至少关联一个能力标签（需求 1.7）。
+        expect(achievement.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(achievement.pendingTagAssociation).toBe(false);
+
+        // 能力图谱中已写入对应的映射记录，溯源到该成果。
+        const mappings = await mappingService.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(mappings[0].referenceId).toBe(achievement.id);
+        expect(mappings[0].source).toBe(ModuleSource.LearningSpace);
+        expect(mappings[0].tagIds).toEqual(achievement.competencyTagIds);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('关联的标签数量不超过映射上限（1-10 个）', async () => {
+      const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+      for (const type of ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES) {
+        const result = await service.addAchievement(
+          studentId,
+          baseInput({ type, title: '医患沟通与AI伦理文献检索综合记录' }),
+        );
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isOk(result)) {
+          const count = result.value.achievement.competencyTagIds.length;
+          expect(count).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+          expect(count).toBeLessThanOrEqual(10);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('无匹配标签时标记"待关联能力标签"并提示（需求 1.10）', () => {
+    it('能力图谱无已定义标签时，成果被标记待关联且返回补充提示', async () => {
+      const { repository, service } = makeEmptyGraphLearningSpace();
+
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, baseInput());
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const { achievement, pendingTagAssociation, notice } = result.value;
+        // 成果仍成功保存（需求 1.1），但标记为待关联（需求 1.10）。
+        expect(pendingTagAssociation).toBe(true);
+        expect(achievement.pendingTagAssociation).toBe(true);
+        expect(achievement.competencyTagIds).toEqual([]);
+        // 返回补充提示，要求学生补充能力标签关联（需求 1.10）。
+        expect(notice).toBeDefined();
+        expect(notice?.code).toBe(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_PENDING_TAG_ASSOCIATION,
+        );
+        expect(notice?.message).toContain('待关联能力标签');
+      }
+
+      // 成果确实被持久化（保存成功），且持久化状态为待关联。
+      const stored = await repository.listAchievementsByStudent(studentId);
+      expect(stored).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(stored[0].pendingTagAssociation).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('LearningSpaceService.listAchievements 检索（需求 1.5）', () => {
+  it('按成果时间倒序展示（最新在前）', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ title: '早', occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+    );
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ title: '晚', occurredAt: new Date('2024-12-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+    );
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ title: '中', occurredAt: new Date('2024-06-01T00:00:00.000Z') }),
+    );
+
+    const page = await service.listAchievements(studentId);
+    expect(page.items.map((a) => a.title)).toEqual(['晚', '中', '早']);
+    expect(page.total).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('按成果类型筛选', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ type: AchievementType.CourseRecord }),
+    );
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ type: AchievementType.ResearchOutput }),
+    );
+
+    const page = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {
+      type: AchievementType.ResearchOutput,
+    });
+    expect(page.items).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(page.items[0].type).toBe(AchievementType.ResearchOutput);
+  });
+
+  it('按学年与学期筛选', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T00:00:00.000Z') }), // 2024-2025 秋季
+    );
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ occurredAt: new Date('2025-03-01T00:00:00.000Z') }), // 2024-2025 春季
+    );
+
+    const autumn = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {
+      academicYear: '2024-2025',
+      semester: '秋季',
+    });
+    expect(autumn.items).toHaveLength(1);
+
+    const year = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {
+      academicYear: '2024-2025',
+    });
+    expect(year.items).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it('按临床轮转科室筛选', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ rotationDept: '心内科' }),
+    );
+    await service.addAchievement(
+      studentId,
+      baseInput({ rotationDept: '呼吸内科' }),
+    );
+
+    const page = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {
+      rotationDept: '心内科',
+    });
+    expect(page.items).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(page.items[0].rotationDept).toBe('心内科');
+  });
+
+  it('按学生隔离，不返回其他学生的成果', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    await service.addAchievement(studentId, baseInput());
+    await service.addAchievement('stu-other', baseInput());
+
+    const page = await service.listAchievements(studentId);
+    expect(page.items).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(page.items[0].studentId).toBe(studentId);
+  });
+
+  it('每页最多 50 条，超过时分页（需求 1.5）', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({
+          title: `成果-${i}`,
+          occurredAt: new Date(2024, 0, 1 + i),
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const first = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {}, { page: 1, pageSize: MAX_PAGE_SIZE });
+    expect(first.items).toHaveLength(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+    expect(first.total).toBe(60);
+
+    const second = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {}, { page: 2, pageSize: MAX_PAGE_SIZE });
+    expect(second.items).toHaveLength(10);
+  });
+
+  it('请求 pageSize 超过 50 时钳制到 50（需求 1.5）', async () => {
+    const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 55; i++) {
+      await service.addAchievement(
+        studentId,
+        baseInput({ title: `成果-${i}`, occurredAt: new Date(2024, 0, 1 + i) }),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const page = await service.listAchievements(studentId, {}, { page: 1, pageSize: 1000 });
+    expect(page.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+    expect(page.pageSize).toBe(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * Property 8: 分页边界不变量（学习空间部分）
+ *
+ * 对任意查询与分页参数，`listAchievements` 返回的单页结果数量不超过 50 条
+ * （`MAX_PAGE_SIZE`）。同时验证排序（时间倒序）与筛选（"且"语义）成立。
+ *
+ * **Validates: Requirements 1.5, 10.2**
+ */
+describe('Property 8: 分页边界不变量（学习空间部分）', () => {
+  const typeArb = fc.constantFrom(...ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES);
+  const dateArb = fc
+    .date({
+      min: new Date('2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+      max: new Date('2030-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+    })
+    .filter((d) => !Number.isNaN(d.getTime()));
+
+  /** 单条成果输入生成器（含可选轮转科室）。 */
+  const achievementInputArb: fc.Arbitrary<AchievementInput> = fc.record({
+    type: typeArb,
+    title: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 30 }),
+    occurredAt: dateArb,
+    rotationDept: fc.option(fc.constantFrom('心内科', '呼吸内科', '骨科'), {
+      nil: undefined,
+    }),
+  });
+
+  /** 任意分页参数（含越界与非法值，用于检验钳制行为）。 */
+  const paginationArb = fc.record({
+    page: fc.integer({ min: -5, max: 20 }),
+    pageSize: fc.integer({ min: -10, max: 500 }),
+  });
+
+  /** 任意筛选条件（字段均可选）。 */
+  const filterArb = fc.record(
+    {
+      type: typeArb,
+      rotationDept: fc.constantFrom('心内科', '呼吸内科', '骨科'),
+    },
+    { requiredKeys: [] },
+  );
+
+  it('任意成果集合、筛选与分页参数下，单页结果数量均不超过 50', async () => {
+    await fc.assert(
+      fc.asyncProperty(
+        fc.array(achievementInputArb, { minLength: 0, maxLength: 120 }),
+        filterArb,
+        paginationArb,
+        async (inputs, filter, pagination) => {
+          const { service } = await makeSeededLearningSpace();
+
+          for (const input of inputs) {
+            await service.addAchievement(studentId, input);
+          }
+
+          const page = await service.listAchievements(
+            studentId,
+            filter,
+            pagination,
+          );
+
+          // 核心不变量（Property 8）：单页数量不超过 MAX_PAGE_SIZE。
+          expect(page.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+          // 钳制后 pageSize 亦不超过上界。
+          expect(page.pageSize).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+          expect(page.pageSize).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+          // 排序不变量：返回项按 occurredAt 倒序。
+          for (let i = 1; i < page.items.length; i++) {
+            expect(
+              page.items[i - 1].occurredAt.getTime(),
+            ).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(page.items[i].occurredAt.getTime());
+          }
+
+          // 筛选不变量：返回项均满足已提供的筛选条件。
+          for (const item of page.items) {
+            if (filter.type != null) {
+              expect(item.type).toBe(filter.type);
+            }
+            if (filter.rotationDept != null) {
+              expect(item.rotationDept).toBe(filter.rotationDept);
+            }
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+      { numRuns: 200 },
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8862cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { LearningSpaceService } from './learning-space.service';
+import {
+  ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES,
+  AchievementInput,
+  AchievementType,
+  MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH,
+} from './learning-space.types';
+import { InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 构造一个已装载默认能力标签体系的学习空间服务（含其内存仓库），供测试复用。
+ *
+ * 任务 5.3 起 `LearningSpaceService` 依赖能力图谱服务以完成能力标签关联，
+ * 故测试需注入由内存能力图谱仓库支撑的 `CompetencyTagService` /
+ * `CompetencyMappingService`，并预先装载默认标签体系。
+ */
+async function makeLearningSpace(): Promise<{
+  repository: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  service: LearningSpaceService;
+}> {
+  const repository = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  const service = new LearningSpaceService(
+    repository,
+    tagService,
+    mappingService,
+  );
+  return { repository, service };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间服务测试（需求 1.1、1.2、1.6、1.9）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：成功新增、归属与确认（1.1）、成果类型覆盖（1.2），
+ *   以及缺失必填元数据（1.6）、标题超长/时间无效（1.9）的错误路径与边界。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 7（错误路径数据保全，学习空间部分）。
+ */
+describe('LearningSpaceService（学习成果新增校验，需求 1.1、1.2、1.6、1.9）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  let service: LearningSpaceService;
+
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+  /** 一份字段齐全且有效的输入。 */
+  const validInput = (): AchievementInput => ({
+    type: AchievementType.CourseRecord,
+    title: '内科学第一章学习记录',
+    occurredAt: new Date('2024-09-01T08:00:00.000Z'),
+    academicYear: '2024-2025',
+    semester: '秋季',
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    ({ repository, service } = await makeLearningSpace());
+  });
+
+  describe('正常路径：保存、归属与确认（需求 1.1）', () => {
+    it('成功新增成果，归属到该学生并返回成功结果', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, validInput());
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const { achievement } = result.value;
+        expect(achievement.id).toBeDefined();
+        expect(achievement.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+        expect(achievement.title).toBe('内科学第一章学习记录');
+        expect(achievement.type).toBe(AchievementType.CourseRecord);
+        expect(achievement.occurredAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+        // 课程记录可关联到已定义能力标签（需求 1.7），非待关联。
+        expect(achievement.pendingTagAssociation).toBe(false);
+        expect(result.value.pendingTagAssociation).toBe(false);
+        expect(achievement.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(result.value.notice).toBeUndefined();
+      }
+
+      const stored = await service.listAchievements(studentId);
+      expect(stored.items).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('保留临床轮转科室与附件信息（需求 1.8 归档维度）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        ...validInput(),
+        rotationDept: '心内科',
+        attachments: [{ id: 'att-1', name: '报告.pdf', url: 's3://bucket/a' }],
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const { achievement } = result.value;
+        expect(achievement.rotationDept).toBe('心内科');
+        expect(achievement.attachments).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(achievement.attachments[0].id).toBe('att-1');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('标题长度等于 200 字符（边界）时允许保存', async () => {
+      const title = 'a'.repeat(MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH);
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        ...validInput(),
+        title,
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.achievement.title).toHaveLength(
+          MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('支持全部 9 种成果类型（需求 1.2）', async () => {
+      expect(ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES).toHaveLength(9);
+      for (const type of ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES) {
+        const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+          ...validInput(),
+          type,
+        });
+        expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      }
+      const page = await service.listAchievements(studentId);
+      expect(page.items).toHaveLength(ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES.length);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：缺少必填元数据（需求 1.6）', () => {
+    it('缺少 title 时拒绝且不创建记录，提示缺失字段', async () => {
+      const input = validInput();
+      // 模拟缺失 title。
+      delete (input as Partial<AchievementInput>).title;
+
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, input as AchievementInput);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_MISSING_METADATA,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('title');
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAchievements()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('同时缺少 type、occurredAt、title 时返回全部缺失字段', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        type: undefined as unknown as AchievementType,
+        title: '   ',
+        occurredAt: undefined as unknown as Date,
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        const missing = result.error.details?.missingFields as string[];
+        expect(missing).toEqual(
+          expect.arrayContaining(['type', 'occurredAt', 'title']),
+        );
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAchievements()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('缺少 studentId（归属）时拒绝且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement('', validInput());
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('studentId');
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAchievements()).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：字段无效（需求 1.9）', () => {
+    it('标题超过 200 字符时拒绝且不创建记录，提示无效字段', async () => {
+      const title = 'a'.repeat(MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH + 1);
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        ...validInput(),
+        title,
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_INVALID_FIELDS,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.invalidFields).toContain('title');
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAchievements()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('时间不是有效日期时拒绝且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        ...validInput(),
+        occurredAt: new Date('not-a-date'),
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_INVALID_FIELDS,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.invalidFields).toContain('occurredAt');
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAchievements()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('成果类型不在已定义枚举内时拒绝且不创建记录', async () => {
+      const result = await service.addAchievement(studentId, {
+        ...validInput(),
+        type: 'unknown_type' as AchievementType,
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.invalidFields).toContain('type');
+      }
+      expect(await repository.countAchievements()).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Property 7: 错误路径数据保全（学习空间部分）
+   *
+   * 对任意触发错误路径的 `addAchievement` 操作，操作前后触发数据保持不变
+   * （不产生部分写入）：被拒绝的新增不创建任何成果记录，且已存在的成果集合不变。
+   *
+   * **Validates: Requirements 1.6, 1.9**
+   */
+  describe('Property 7: 错误路径数据保全（学习空间部分）', () => {
+    const validTypeArb = fc.constantFrom(...ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES);
+    const validDateArb = fc
+      .date({ min: new Date('1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'), max: new Date('2100-01-01T00:00:00.000Z') })
+      .filter((d) => !Number.isNaN(d.getTime()));
+
+    /**
+     * 触发错误路径的无效输入生成器：至少违反一项约束
+     * （缺失必填元数据 / 标题超长 / 时间无效 / 类型未定义）。
+     * 通过对一份合法输入施加一种"破坏"得到，确保确实落在错误路径。
+     */
+    const invalidInputArb: fc.Arbitrary<{
+      studentId: string;
+      input: AchievementInput;
+    }> = fc
+      .record({
+        studentId: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }).map((s) => `stu-${s}`),
+        baseTitle: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 50 }),
+        type: validTypeArb,
+        occurredAt: validDateArb,
+        breakage: fc.constantFrom(
+          'missing-type',
+          'missing-occurredAt',
+          'missing-title',
+          'blank-title',
+          'missing-studentId',
+          'title-too-long',
+          'invalid-date',
+          'invalid-type',
+        ),
+      })
+      .map(({ studentId, baseTitle, type, occurredAt, breakage }) => {
+        const input: AchievementInput = { type, title: baseTitle, occurredAt };
+        let sid = studentId;
+        switch (breakage) {
+          case 'missing-type':
+            delete (input as Partial<AchievementInput>).type;
+            break;
+          case 'missing-occurredAt':
+            delete (input as Partial<AchievementInput>).occurredAt;
+            break;
+          case 'missing-title':
+            delete (input as Partial<AchievementInput>).title;
+            break;
+          case 'blank-title':
+            input.title = '   ';
+            break;
+          case 'missing-studentId':
+            sid = '';
+            break;
+          case 'title-too-long':
+            input.title = 'x'.repeat(MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH + 1);
+            break;
+          case 'invalid-date':
+            input.occurredAt = new Date('invalid-date');
+            break;
+          case 'invalid-type':
+            input.type = 'definitely_not_a_type' as AchievementType;
+            break;
+        }
+        return { studentId: sid, input };
+      });
+
+    it('被拒绝的新增不创建任何记录，且不改变既有成果集合', async () => {
+      await fc.assert(
+        fc.asyncProperty(
+          fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 5 }),
+          invalidInputArb,
+          async (seedCount, { studentId: sid, input }) => {
+            const { repository: repo, service: svc } = await makeLearningSpace();
+
+            // 预置若干合法成果，作为"操作前"的既有数据。
+            for (let i = 0; i < seedCount; i++) {
+              await svc.addAchievement('stu-seed', {
+                type: AchievementType.Assignment,
+                title: `已有成果-${i}`,
+                occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+              });
+            }
+            const before = await repo.listAchievements();
+            const beforeCount = before.length;
+
+            const result = await svc.addAchievement(sid, input);
+
+            // 该输入必然落在错误路径。
+            expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+
+            // 数据保全：成果总数不变，既有成果逐一不变（无部分写入）。
+            const after = await repo.listAchievements();
+            expect(after).toHaveLength(beforeCount);
+            const afterIds = after.map((a) => a.id).sort();
+            const beforeIds = before.map((a) => a.id).sort();
+            expect(afterIds).toEqual(beforeIds);
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 300 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.service.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60bba9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+import { ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE, Page, Pagination, paginate } from '@common/pagination';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import {
+  ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES,
+  Achievement,
+  AchievementFilter,
+  AchievementInput,
+  AddAchievementOutcome,
+  LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY,
+  LearningSpaceRepository,
+  MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH,
+  Milestone,
+  MilestoneInput,
+  MilestoneNodeCriteria,
+  PendingTagAssociationNotice,
+  deriveArchiveDimensions,
+  deriveCandidateTagIds,
+} from './learning-space.types';
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间服务（需求 1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.6、1.8、1.9）。
+ *
+ * 任务 5.1 实现 `addAchievement()` 的校验与保存：
+ * - 必填元数据校验（类型、时间、标题）：缺失时返回**全部**缺失字段（需求 1.6）。
+ * - 字段有效性校验：标题 ≤200 字符、时间为有效日期；无效时返回无效字段（需求 1.9）。
+ * - 错误路径数据保全（Property 7，学习空间部分）：任一校验失败时拒绝保存、
+ *   不创建任何记录（无部分写入）。
+ * - 成功路径：保存并归属到该学生账户，返回保存成功的确认（需求 1.1）。
+ *
+ * 任务 5.2 在保存成功路径上补充自动归档与里程碑：
+ * - 自动归档（需求 1.3）：保存成功后按学年、学期归档；学生未显式提供学年/学期时，
+ *   按成果时间自动推导（`deriveArchiveDimensions`），保证可按学年与学期归档。
+ * - 临床轮转科室归档（需求 1.8）：成果含 `rotationDept` 时额外按科室归档。
+ *   归档以归档维度字段 + 仓库按维度查询接口实现（无需复制成果）。
+ * - 里程碑（需求 1.4）：`markMilestone()` 在成长链上标记里程碑并关联该节点内成果
+ *   （按归档维度筛选与/或显式 id，取并集去重，仅纳入该学生的成果）。
+ *
+ * 任务 5.3 补充检索与能力标签关联：
+ * - 检索（需求 1.5）：`listAchievements()` 按成果时间倒序展示，支持按成果类型、
+ *   学年、学期与临床轮转科室筛选，并以每页最多 50 条（`MAX_PAGE_SIZE`）分页。
+ * - 能力标签关联（需求 1.7）：保存成功后，依据成果类型与标题推导候选能力标签，
+ *   与能力图谱中的已定义标签求交集后，调用 `CompetencyMappingService.mapData()`
+ *   写入映射并将命中标签写回成果 `competencyTagIds`。
+ * - 待关联（需求 1.10）：若无法匹配任何已定义标签，将成果标记为
+ *   `pendingTagAssociation=true`，并随结果返回补充提示，要求学生补充关联。
+ *
+ * 错误模型：沿用统一 `Result<T, E>`，以 `ValidationError` 承载拒绝原因，
+ * 错误码稳定（便于提示与审计）。
+ *
+ * 注：AI 形成性评价触发（2.1）在后续任务中实现。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class LearningSpaceService {
+  /** 缺少必填元数据的拒绝原因码（需求 1.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_MISSING_METADATA = 'LEARNING_SPACE.MISSING_METADATA';
+  /** 字段无效（标题超长 / 时间无效）的拒绝原因码（需求 1.9）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_FIELDS = 'LEARNING_SPACE.INVALID_FIELDS';
+  /** 里程碑输入无效（缺少名称等）的拒绝原因码（需求 1.4）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_MILESTONE = 'LEARNING_SPACE.INVALID_MILESTONE';
+  /** 待关联能力标签的提示码（需求 1.10）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_PENDING_TAG_ASSOCIATION =
+    'LEARNING_SPACE.PENDING_TAG_ASSOCIATION';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: LearningSpaceRepository,
+    private readonly competencyTagService: CompetencyTagService,
+    private readonly competencyMappingService: CompetencyMappingService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 新增一条学习成果（需求 1.1、1.6、1.7、1.9、1.10）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 必填元数据校验（type、occurredAt、title）。缺失任一项则收集**全部**缺失字段、
+   *    拒绝保存、不创建记录，返回指明全部缺失字段的校验错误（需求 1.6）。
+   * 2. 字段有效性校验：标题长度 ≤200、occurredAt 为有效日期，并校验 type 为已定义枚举值。
+   *    存在无效字段则拒绝保存、不创建记录，返回指明无效字段的校验错误（需求 1.9）。
+   * 3. 全部通过：构造并持久化成果（归属到 `studentId`），返回成功结果（需求 1.1）；
+   *    自动按学年、学期归档（需求 1.3），含临床轮转科室时额外按科室归档（需求 1.8）。
+   * 4. 能力标签关联（需求 1.7、1.10）：保存成功后，依据成果类型与标题推导候选标签，
+   *    与能力图谱中的已定义标签求交集，命中则写入映射并将标签写回成果；
+   *    无任何命中则标记 `pendingTagAssociation=true` 并返回补充提示。
+   *
+   * 数据保全：步骤 1/2 在任何写入之前完成；仅当全部校验通过才调用一次
+   * `saveAchievement`，因此错误路径不产生任何部分写入（Property 7）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 归属学生标识。
+   * @param input 新增成果输入（含必填元数据与可选归档维度/附件）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回 `AddAchievementOutcome`（成果 + 是否待关联标签 + 可选提示）。
+   */
+  async addAchievement(
+    studentId: string,
+    input: AchievementInput,
+  ): Promise<Result<AddAchievementOutcome, ValidationError>> {
+    // 0. 归属校验：studentId 必填（保存须归属到某个学生账户，需求 1.1）。
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!studentId || studentId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('studentId');
+    }
+
+    // 1. 必填元数据校验（需求 1.6）：类型、时间、标题中的任一项缺失即收集。
+    if (input?.type == null) {
+      missing.push('type');
+    }
+    if (input?.occurredAt == null) {
+      missing.push('occurredAt');
+    }
+    if (input?.title == null || input.title.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('title');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      // 拒绝保存、不创建任何记录，返回指明全部缺失字段的提示（需求 1.6）。
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_MISSING_METADATA,
+          `缺少必填元数据：${missing.join('、')}`,
+          { missingFields: missing },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 字段有效性校验（需求 1.9）：标题 ≤200 字符、时间为有效日期，并校验类型枚举。
+    const invalid: string[] = [];
+    if (input.title.length > MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH) {
+      invalid.push('title');
+    }
+    if (!this.isValidDate(input.occurredAt)) {
+      invalid.push('occurredAt');
+    }
+    if (!ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES.includes(input.type)) {
+      invalid.push('type');
+    }
+    if (invalid.length > 0) {
+      // 拒绝保存、不创建任何记录，返回指明无效字段的提示（需求 1.9）。
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_INVALID_FIELDS,
+          `存在无效字段：${invalid.join('、')}`,
+          { invalidFields: invalid },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 全部校验通过：构造并持久化成果，归属到该学生账户（需求 1.1）。
+    //    自动归档（需求 1.3）：学生未显式提供学年/学期时，按成果时间推导，
+    //    保证每条成功保存的成果均可按学年与学期归档。
+    //    临床轮转科室归档（需求 1.8）：保留 rotationDept，供按科室归档查询。
+    const derived = deriveArchiveDimensions(input.occurredAt);
+    const academicYear =
+      input.academicYear && input.academicYear.trim() !== ''
+        ? input.academicYear
+        : derived.academicYear;
+    const semester =
+      input.semester && input.semester.trim() !== ''
+        ? input.semester
+        : derived.semester;
+
+    // 能力标签关联（需求 1.7、1.10）：在持久化前解析命中的已定义标签集合。
+    const matchedTagIds = await this.resolveDefinedTagIds(
+      input.type,
+      input.title,
+    );
+    const pendingTagAssociation = matchedTagIds.length === 0;
+
+    const achievement: Achievement = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      type: input.type,
+      title: input.title,
+      occurredAt: new Date(input.occurredAt.getTime()),
+      academicYear,
+      semester,
+      ...(input.rotationDept != null ? { rotationDept: input.rotationDept } : {}),
+      attachments: input.attachments ? [...input.attachments] : [],
+      competencyTagIds: matchedTagIds,
+      pendingTagAssociation,
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveAchievement(achievement);
+
+    // 命中已定义标签：将成果映射写入能力图谱（需求 1.7）。映射失败不影响成果保存
+    // （成果已成功保存），仅回退为待关联状态以提示补充。
+    if (!pendingTagAssociation) {
+      const mapped = await this.associateCompetencyTags(saved, matchedTagIds);
+      if (!mapped) {
+        const reverted = await this.markPendingTagAssociation(saved);
+        return ok(this.buildPendingOutcome(reverted));
+      }
+      return ok({ achievement: saved, pendingTagAssociation: false });
+    }
+
+    // 无任何命中：标记"待关联能力标签"并返回补充提示（需求 1.10）。
+    return ok(this.buildPendingOutcome(saved));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按时间倒序、支持筛选与分页地检索某学生的学习成果（需求 1.5）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 读取该学生的全部成果（按学生隔离）。
+   * 2. 按 `filter` 筛选（成果类型 / 学年 / 学期 / 临床轮转科室，"且"语义）。
+   * 3. 按成果时间字段 `occurredAt` **倒序**排序（最新在前）。
+   * 4. 以每页最多 50 条（`MAX_PAGE_SIZE`）分页：复用 `paginate`，其内部对
+   *    `pageSize` 进行钳制，保证返回的单页结果数量不超过 50（Property 8）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 目标学生标识。
+   * @param filter 检索筛选条件（可选；缺省为不筛选）。
+   * @param pagination 分页参数（可选；缺省 `pageSize` 取 `MAX_PAGE_SIZE`）。
+   * @returns 单页学习成果（`items` 数量 ≤ `MAX_PAGE_SIZE`）。
+   */
+  async listAchievements(
+    studentId: string,
+    filter: AchievementFilter = {},
+    pagination: Partial<Pagination> = {},
+  ): Promise<Page<Achievement>> {
+    const all = await this.repository.listAchievementsByStudent(studentId);
+
+    const filtered = all.filter((achievement) =>
+      this.matchesFilter(achievement, filter),
+    );
+
+    // 按成果时间倒序（最新在前）。occurredAt 相同的成果以 id 作稳定次级排序，
+    // 保证分页跨页拼接时不重复/不遗漏（确定性顺序）。
+    filtered.sort((a, b) => {
+      const diff = b.occurredAt.getTime() - a.occurredAt.getTime();
+      if (diff !== 0) {
+        return diff;
+      }
+      return a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0;
+    });
+
+    // 分页：paginate 内部钳制 pageSize ≤ MAX_PAGE_SIZE（需求 1.5 / Property 8）。
+    return paginate(filtered, pagination);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 判断一条成果是否满足检索筛选条件（已提供的字段之间为"且"语义）。
+   */
+  private matchesFilter(
+    achievement: Achievement,
+    filter: AchievementFilter,
+  ): boolean {
+    if (filter.type != null && achievement.type !== filter.type) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (
+      filter.academicYear != null &&
+      achievement.academicYear !== filter.academicYear
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (filter.semester != null && achievement.semester !== filter.semester) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (
+      filter.rotationDept != null &&
+      achievement.rotationDept !== filter.rotationDept
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 解析成果应关联的已定义能力标签集合（需求 1.7、1.10）。
+   *
+   * 从成果类型与标题推导候选标签后，与能力图谱中的"已定义标签"求交集，
+   * 仅保留已定义标签（避免引用未定义标签，契合需求 14.3）；并将数量截断至
+   * 映射允许的上限（`MAX_MAPPING_TAGS`，需求 14.2）。返回空数组表示无任何匹配
+   * （触发需求 1.10 待关联分支）。
+   */
+  private async resolveDefinedTagIds(
+    type: Achievement['type'],
+    title: string,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    const candidates = deriveCandidateTagIds(type, title);
+    const defined: string[] = [];
+    for (const tagId of candidates) {
+      if (await this.competencyTagService.isDefinedTag(tagId)) {
+        defined.push(tagId);
+      }
+      if (defined.length >= MAX_MAPPING_TAGS) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return defined;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将成果按命中的能力标签映射写入能力图谱（需求 1.7）。
+   *
+   * 复用 `CompetencyMappingService.mapData()`，来源标记为学习空间。
+   * 返回是否映射成功；失败时由调用方回退为待关联状态。
+   */
+  private async associateCompetencyTags(
+    achievement: Achievement,
+    tagIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    const result = await this.competencyMappingService.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+      { studentId: achievement.studentId, referenceId: achievement.id },
+      tagIds,
+    );
+    return result.ok;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将一条已保存成果标记为"待关联能力标签"并清空已关联标签（需求 1.10）。
+   *
+   * 通过再次保存（同 id 覆盖）更新成果状态，返回更新后的成果。
+   */
+  private async markPendingTagAssociation(
+    achievement: Achievement,
+  ): Promise<Achievement> {
+    return this.repository.saveAchievement({
+      ...achievement,
+      competencyTagIds: [],
+      pendingTagAssociation: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 构造"待关联能力标签"的成功结果（需求 1.10）。
+   */
+  private buildPendingOutcome(achievement: Achievement): AddAchievementOutcome {
+    const notice: PendingTagAssociationNotice = {
+      code: LearningSpaceService.CODE_PENDING_TAG_ASSOCIATION,
+      message:
+        '该学习成果暂未匹配到能力图谱中的已定义能力标签，已标记为"待关联能力标签"，' +
+        '请补充能力标签关联。',
+    };
+    return { achievement, pendingTagAssociation: true, notice };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按 id 查找一条学习成果，不存在返回 null。
+   *
+   * 供跨模块集成（如导师端成果点评，需求 15.2）在操作前校验目标成果存在，
+   * 避免对不存在的成果创建关联记录（数据保全）。
+   *
+   * @param id 学习成果标识。
+   */
+  async findAchievement(id: string): Promise<Achievement | null> {
+    return this.repository.findAchievement(id);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按学年归档维度查询某学生的学习成果（需求 1.3）。
+   */
+  async listByAcademicYear(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAchievementsByAcademicYear(
+      studentId,
+      academicYear,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按学年 + 学期归档维度查询某学生的学习成果（需求 1.3）。
+   */
+  async listBySemester(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+    semester: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAchievementsBySemester(
+      studentId,
+      academicYear,
+      semester,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按临床轮转科室归档维度查询某学生的学习成果（需求 1.8）。
+   */
+  async listByRotationDept(
+    studentId: string,
+    rotationDept: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAchievementsByRotationDept(
+      studentId,
+      rotationDept,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 标记一个里程碑并关联该节点内的学习成果（需求 1.4）。
+   *
+   * 当学生完成一个里程碑节点（如完成某学期、完成某轮转科室）时，在成长链上标记该
+   * 里程碑并关联该节点内的学习成果。节点内成果通过以下两种方式确定（取并集、去重，
+   * 且仅纳入归属于该学生的成果）：
+   * - `input.node`：按归档维度（学年/学期/轮转科室）筛选——复用任务 5.2 的归档维度，
+   *   使"完成某学期"对应 `{academicYear, semester}`、"完成某轮转科室"对应 `{rotationDept}`。
+   * - `input.achievementIds`：显式给出的成果 id 集合。
+   *
+   * 持久化复用既有 `saveMilestone` 仓库方法。里程碑名称为必填；缺失则拒绝标记、
+   * 不创建任何记录，返回校验错误（数据保全）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 归属学生标识。
+   * @param input 里程碑输入（名称、达成时间、节点条件 / 显式成果 id）。
+   */
+  async markMilestone(
+    studentId: string,
+    input: MilestoneInput,
+  ): Promise<Result<Milestone, ValidationError>> {
+    // 校验：归属学生与里程碑名称必填。
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!studentId || studentId.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('studentId');
+    }
+    if (input?.name == null || input.name.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('name');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          LearningSpaceService.CODE_INVALID_MILESTONE,
+          `缺少必填字段：${missing.join('、')}`,
+          { missingFields: missing },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 解析达成时间（缺省取当前时间；无效日期视为缺省）。
+    const reachedAt =
+      input.reachedAt instanceof Date && !Number.isNaN(input.reachedAt.getTime())
+        ? new Date(input.reachedAt.getTime())
+        : new Date();
+
+    // 关联该节点内成果：按归档维度筛选 ∪ 显式 id，去重，且仅纳入该学生成果。
+    const achievementIds = await this.resolveNodeAchievementIds(
+      studentId,
+      input.node,
+      input.achievementIds,
+    );
+
+    const milestone: Milestone = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      name: input.name,
+      reachedAt,
+      achievementIds,
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveMilestone(milestone);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 解析里程碑节点内成果的 id 集合（需求 1.4）。
+   *
+   * 取以下两部分的并集并去重，且仅保留确实归属于该学生的成果 id：
+   * - 按归档维度（学年/学期/轮转科室）筛选出的成果（复用归档查询）。
+   * - 显式传入的成果 id（经"归属于该学生"过滤，避免越权关联他人成果）。
+   */
+  private async resolveNodeAchievementIds(
+    studentId: string,
+    node: MilestoneNodeCriteria | undefined,
+    explicitIds: string[] | undefined,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    const studentAchievements =
+      await this.repository.listAchievementsByStudent(studentId);
+    const ids = new Set<string>();
+
+    if (node && this.hasNodeCriteria(node)) {
+      for (const achievement of studentAchievements) {
+        if (this.matchesNode(achievement, node)) {
+          ids.add(achievement.id);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (explicitIds && explicitIds.length > 0) {
+      const ownedIds = new Set(studentAchievements.map((a) => a.id));
+      for (const id of explicitIds) {
+        if (ownedIds.has(id)) {
+          ids.add(id);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return [...ids];
+  }
+
+  /** 判断节点条件是否提供了至少一项归档维度。 */
+  private hasNodeCriteria(node: MilestoneNodeCriteria): boolean {
+    return (
+      node.academicYear != null ||
+      node.semester != null ||
+      node.rotationDept != null
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 判断一条成果是否落入节点条件（已提供的维度之间为"且"语义）。
+   */
+  private matchesNode(
+    achievement: Achievement,
+    node: MilestoneNodeCriteria,
+  ): boolean {
+    if (node.academicYear != null && achievement.academicYear !== node.academicYear) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (node.semester != null && achievement.semester !== node.semester) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (node.rotationDept != null && achievement.rotationDept !== node.rotationDept) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 判断一个值是否为有效日期（需求 1.9 时间有效性）。
+   *
+   * 有效定义为 `Date` 实例且其时间戳非 NaN（排除 `new Date('invalid')` 等情形）。
+   */
+  private isValidDate(value: unknown): value is Date {
+    return value instanceof Date && !Number.isNaN(value.getTime());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.types.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81cbd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/learning-space.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间（Learning_Space）领域类型定义。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 1：个人学习空间汇聚与归档。本文件聚焦"模型 + 持久化抽象"：
+ * - `AchievementType`：成果类型枚举（需求 1.2，至少 9 种类型）。
+ * - `Achievement`：学习成果模型（需求 1，含 ≤200 字符标题与有效时间约束）。
+ * - `AchievementInput`：新增成果的输入（必填元数据：类型、时间、标题）。
+ * - `Milestone`：里程碑标记（需求 1.4，本任务仅定义模型，标记逻辑在任务 5.2）。
+ * - 持久化抽象（仓库接口 + DI 令牌），与能力图谱等模块一致的可替换风格。
+ *
+ * 本任务（5.1）实现 `addAchievement()` 的元数据与字段校验、错误路径数据保全；
+ * 自动归档（1.3/1.8）、里程碑（1.4）由任务 5.2 实现，检索（1.5）、
+ * 能力标签关联（1.7/1.10）由任务 5.3 实现，相关仓库方法在此预留。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 成果类型（Achievement_Type，需求 1.2）。
+ *
+ * 至少包括：课程记录、作业、实验报告、临床见习与实习记录、OSCE 技能考核、
+ * 文献阅读、科研成果、证书、执业资格考试备考记录，共 9 种。
+ */
+export enum AchievementType {
+  /** 课程记录。 */
+  CourseRecord = 'course_record',
+  /** 作业。 */
+  Assignment = 'assignment',
+  /** 实验报告。 */
+  LabReport = 'lab_report',
+  /** 临床见习与实习记录。 */
+  ClinicalClerkship = 'clinical_clerkship',
+  /** OSCE 技能考核。 */
+  OsceAssessment = 'osce_assessment',
+  /** 文献阅读。 */
+  LiteratureReading = 'literature_reading',
+  /** 科研成果。 */
+  ResearchOutput = 'research_output',
+  /** 证书。 */
+  Certificate = 'certificate',
+  /** 执业资格考试备考记录。 */
+  LicensingExamPrep = 'licensing_exam_prep',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 全部已定义成果类型（供输入校验与生成器复用）。
+ */
+export const ACHIEVEMENT_TYPES: readonly AchievementType[] =
+  Object.values(AchievementType);
+
+/**
+ * 成果类型 → 候选能力标签的映射（需求 1.7）。
+ *
+ * 用于在成果成功保存后，从成果类型推导其可能对应的能力图谱标签候选集合。
+ * 候选标签会在关联前与能力图谱中的"已定义标签"求交集（仅保留已定义标签），
+ * 因此本表给出的是"语义上相关的标签 id"，最终是否关联取决于能力图谱实际定义。
+ *
+ * 这里引用的标签 id 与能力图谱默认标签体系（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS`）保持一致，
+ * 使得在装载默认标签体系后，每种成果类型都能关联到至少一个已定义标签（需求 1.7）；
+ * 当能力图谱未定义任何候选标签时，则触发"待关联能力标签"分支（需求 1.10）。
+ */
+export const ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_CANDIDATE_TAGS: Readonly<
+  Record<AchievementType, readonly string[]>
+> = {
+  [AchievementType.CourseRecord]: ['tag.knowledge.basic', 'tag.knowledge.clinical'],
+  [AchievementType.Assignment]: ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+  [AchievementType.LabReport]: [
+    'tag.knowledge.basic',
+    'tag.research.evidence-appraisal',
+  ],
+  [AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship]: [
+    'tag.clinical.history-taking',
+    'tag.clinical.physical-exam',
+    'tag.clinical.decision',
+  ],
+  [AchievementType.OsceAssessment]: [
+    'tag.clinical.procedure',
+    'tag.clinical.physical-exam',
+  ],
+  [AchievementType.LiteratureReading]: [
+    'tag.research.literature-search',
+    'tag.research.review',
+  ],
+  [AchievementType.ResearchOutput]: [
+    'tag.research.review',
+    'tag.research.evidence-appraisal',
+  ],
+  [AchievementType.Certificate]: ['tag.career.competency-awareness'],
+  [AchievementType.LicensingExamPrep]: [
+    'tag.knowledge.clinical',
+    'tag.career.competency-awareness',
+  ],
+};
+
+/**
+ * 标题关键词 → 追加候选能力标签的规则（需求 1.7）。
+ *
+ * 在类型推导的候选标签之上，依据标题中的关键词追加跨维度的相关标签，
+ * 使能力标签关联更贴合成果内容（如标题涉及"沟通""伦理"或"AI"等）。
+ * 与类型候选一样，最终仅保留能力图谱中的已定义标签。
+ */
+export const ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_KEYWORD_TAGS: ReadonlyArray<{
+  keywords: readonly string[];
+  tagId: string;
+}> = [
+  { keywords: ['沟通', '医患'], tagId: 'tag.humanistic.communication' },
+  { keywords: ['伦理'], tagId: 'tag.humanistic.ethics' },
+  { keywords: ['人文', '关怀'], tagId: 'tag.humanistic.care' },
+  { keywords: ['AI', '人工智能'], tagId: 'tag.ai.critical-verification' },
+  { keywords: ['检索', '文献'], tagId: 'tag.research.literature-search' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * 由成果类型与标题推导候选能力标签集合（去重，保留首次出现顺序）（需求 1.7）。
+ *
+ * 该集合仅为"候选"：调用方需再与能力图谱中的已定义标签求交集后才进行关联，
+ * 以满足需求 14.3（不得引用未定义标签）与需求 1.10（无匹配时标记待关联）。
+ *
+ * @param type 成果类型。
+ * @param title 成果标题（用于关键词增强）。
+ * @returns 去重后的候选能力标签 id 列表。
+ */
+export function deriveCandidateTagIds(
+  type: AchievementType,
+  title: string,
+): string[] {
+  const candidates: string[] = [...(ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_CANDIDATE_TAGS[type] ?? [])];
+  const normalizedTitle = (title ?? '').toLowerCase();
+  for (const rule of ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_KEYWORD_TAGS) {
+    const matched = rule.keywords.some((kw) =>
+      normalizedTitle.includes(kw.toLowerCase()),
+    );
+    if (matched) {
+      candidates.push(rule.tagId);
+    }
+  }
+  return [...new Set(candidates)];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果标题最大长度（需求 1.9：标题超过 200 个字符应拒绝）。
+ */
+export const MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH = 200;
+
+/** 秋季学期归档值。 */
+export const SEMESTER_AUTUMN = '秋季';
+/** 春季学期归档值。 */
+export const SEMESTER_SPRING = '春季';
+
+/**
+ * 由成果时间推导归档维度（学年、学期）（需求 1.3）。
+ *
+ * 当学生未显式提供学年/学期时，本系统按成果发生时间自动推导归档维度，
+ * 保证每条成功保存的成果均可按学年与学期归档（需求 1.3）。
+ *
+ * 采用中国高校学年/学期惯例（基于 UTC 月份，保证跨时区确定性）：
+ * - 秋季学期：9 月 — 次年 1 月，学年记为 `起始年-次年`。
+ * - 春季学期：2 月 — 8 月，学年记为 `上一年-当年`。
+ *
+ * @param occurredAt 成果发生时间（须为有效日期）。
+ * @returns 推导出的学年与学期归档值。
+ */
+export function deriveArchiveDimensions(occurredAt: Date): {
+  academicYear: string;
+  semester: string;
+} {
+  const year = occurredAt.getUTCFullYear();
+  const month = occurredAt.getUTCMonth() + 1; // 1-12
+  if (month >= 9) {
+    // 9-12 月：秋季学期，学年为当年-次年。
+    return { academicYear: `${year}-${year + 1}`, semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN };
+  }
+  if (month === 1) {
+    // 1 月：仍属上一学年的秋季学期。
+    return { academicYear: `${year - 1}-${year}`, semester: SEMESTER_AUTUMN };
+  }
+  // 2-8 月：春季学期，学年为上一年-当年。
+  return { academicYear: `${year - 1}-${year}`, semester: SEMESTER_SPRING };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果附件引用。
+ *
+ * 仅保存附件元信息与对象存储引用，不在本模块内联存储二进制内容。
+ */
+export interface AttachmentRef {
+  /** 附件唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 附件展示名称。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 指向对象存储中附件的引用（如 S3 key 或 URL）。 */
+  url: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果（Achievement，需求 1）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `title` 长度 ≤ `MAX_ACHIEVEMENT_TITLE_LENGTH`（需求 1.9）。
+ * - `occurredAt` 为有效日期（需求 1.9）。
+ * - 成功保存的成果归属到某个学生账户（`studentId`，需求 1.1）。
+ */
+export interface Achievement {
+  /** 成果唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识（需求 1.1）。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 成果类型（需求 1.2）。 */
+  type: AchievementType;
+  /** 标题，长度 ≤ 200 字符（需求 1.9）。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 成果时间，必须为有效日期（需求 1.9）。 */
+  occurredAt: Date;
+  /** 归档维度：学年（需求 1.3，自动归档逻辑在任务 5.2 实现）。 */
+  academicYear: string;
+  /** 归档维度：学期（需求 1.3）。 */
+  semester: string;
+  /** 临床轮转科室（需求 1.8，可选；存在时额外按科室归档）。 */
+  rotationDept?: string;
+  /** 附件引用列表。 */
+  attachments: AttachmentRef[];
+  /** 关联的能力标签标识（需求 1.7，关联逻辑在任务 5.3 实现）。 */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  /** 是否待关联能力标签（需求 1.10）。 */
+  pendingTagAssociation: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 新增学习成果的输入（需求 1.1、1.6、1.9）。
+ *
+ * 必填元数据：`type`、`occurredAt`、`title`（需求 1.6）。
+ * 其余为可选的归档维度与附件；学年/学期的自动归档在任务 5.2 实现，
+ * 故此处不要求其必填。
+ */
+export interface AchievementInput {
+  /** 成果类型（必填元数据）。 */
+  type: AchievementType;
+  /** 标题（必填元数据，≤200 字符）。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 成果时间（必填元数据，须为有效日期）。 */
+  occurredAt: Date;
+  /** 学年（可选）。 */
+  academicYear?: string;
+  /** 学期（可选）。 */
+  semester?: string;
+  /** 临床轮转科室（可选，需求 1.8）。 */
+  rotationDept?: string;
+  /** 附件引用（可选）。 */
+  attachments?: AttachmentRef[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 里程碑（Milestone，需求 1.4）。
+ *
+ * 表示成长链上的阶段节点，关联该节点内的学习成果。
+ * 标记与关联逻辑由 `LearningSpaceService.markMilestone()` 实现（任务 5.2）。
+ */
+export interface Milestone {
+  /** 里程碑唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 里程碑名称（如"完成某学期""完成某轮转科室"）。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 达成时间。 */
+  reachedAt: Date;
+  /** 关联的学习成果标识集合（该节点内成果，需求 1.4）。 */
+  achievementIds: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 里程碑节点归档条件（需求 1.4）。
+ *
+ * 描述"该里程碑节点内成果"的归档维度过滤条件。提供的条件之间为"且"语义：
+ * 仅当成果同时满足全部已提供条件时，才视为属于该节点。常见用法：
+ * - 完成某学期：`{ academicYear, semester }`。
+ * - 完成某轮转科室：`{ rotationDept }`（可叠加学年/学期进一步限定）。
+ *
+ * 未提供任何条件时，该 node 不纳入任何成果（需配合 `achievementIds` 显式关联）。
+ */
+export interface MilestoneNodeCriteria {
+  /** 归档维度：学年（需求 1.3）。 */
+  academicYear?: string;
+  /** 归档维度：学期（需求 1.3）。 */
+  semester?: string;
+  /** 归档维度：临床轮转科室（需求 1.8）。 */
+  rotationDept?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 标记里程碑的输入（需求 1.4）。
+ *
+ * 节点内成果可通过两种方式关联（取并集，自动去重并过滤不属于该学生的 id）：
+ * - `node`：按归档维度（学年/学期/轮转科室）筛选该节点内成果。
+ * - `achievementIds`：显式给出成果 id 集合。
+ */
+export interface MilestoneInput {
+  /** 里程碑名称（如"完成某学期""完成某轮转科室"）。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 达成时间（可选，缺省取当前时间）。 */
+  reachedAt?: Date;
+  /** 显式关联的学习成果 id 集合（可选）。 */
+  achievementIds?: string[];
+  /** 按归档维度筛选该节点内成果的条件（可选）。 */
+  node?: MilestoneNodeCriteria;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果检索筛选条件（需求 1.5）。
+ *
+ * 支持按成果类型、学年、学期与临床轮转科室进行筛选。所有字段均为可选；
+ * 提供的字段之间为"且"语义（同时满足全部已提供条件的成果才被纳入结果）。
+ * 未提供任何字段时表示不施加筛选（返回该学生全部成果）。
+ */
+export interface AchievementFilter {
+  /** 按成果类型筛选（需求 1.5）。 */
+  type?: AchievementType;
+  /** 按学年筛选（需求 1.5）。 */
+  academicYear?: string;
+  /** 按学期筛选（需求 1.5）。 */
+  semester?: string;
+  /** 按临床轮转科室筛选（需求 1.5）。 */
+  rotationDept?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 能力标签关联补充提示（需求 1.10）。
+ *
+ * 当一条已成功保存的成果无法匹配能力图谱中任何已定义标签时，
+ * 随保存结果一并返回该提示，要求学生补充能力标签关联。
+ */
+export interface PendingTagAssociationNotice {
+  /** 稳定的提示码（便于前端与审计识别）。 */
+  code: string;
+  /** 面向学生的可读提示文案。 */
+  message: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 新增学习成果的成功结果（需求 1.1、1.7、1.10）。
+ *
+ * 在保存成功的成果之上，附带能力标签关联的结果信息：
+ * - `achievement`：已保存（并完成能力标签关联尝试）的成果。
+ * - `pendingTagAssociation`：当无法匹配任何已定义标签时为 `true`（需求 1.10）。
+ * - `notice`：`pendingTagAssociation` 为 `true` 时给出的补充提示（需求 1.10）；
+ *   成功关联到至少一个标签时为 `undefined`（需求 1.7）。
+ *
+ * 该结构在保留成果对象的同时承载提示信息，便于上层据此提示学生补充标签关联。
+ */
+export interface AddAchievementOutcome {
+  /** 已保存的学习成果（含已关联的 `competencyTagIds` 与 `pendingTagAssociation`）。 */
+  achievement: Achievement;
+  /** 是否待关联能力标签（需求 1.10）。 */
+  pendingTagAssociation: boolean;
+  /** 待关联时的补充提示（需求 1.10）。 */
+  notice?: PendingTagAssociationNotice;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 个人学习空间持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与能力图谱等模块一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ */
+export interface LearningSpaceRepository {
+  /** 持久化一条学习成果（需求 1.1）。 */
+  saveAchievement(achievement: Achievement): Promise<Achievement>;
+  /** 按 id 查找学习成果，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findAchievement(id: string): Promise<Achievement | null>;
+  /** 列出全部学习成果。 */
+  listAchievements(): Promise<Achievement[]>;
+  /** 列出指定学生的全部学习成果。 */
+  listAchievementsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<Achievement[]>;
+  /** 统计学习成果总数（用于错误路径数据保全断言与分页）。 */
+  countAchievements(): Promise<number>;
+  /**
+   * 按学年归档维度列出指定学生的学习成果（需求 1.3）。
+   */
+  listAchievementsByAcademicYear(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]>;
+  /**
+   * 按学年 + 学期归档维度列出指定学生的学习成果（需求 1.3）。
+   */
+  listAchievementsBySemester(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+    semester: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]>;
+  /**
+   * 按临床轮转科室归档维度列出指定学生的学习成果（需求 1.8）。
+   */
+  listAchievementsByRotationDept(
+    studentId: string,
+    rotationDept: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]>;
+  /** 持久化一个里程碑（需求 1.4）。 */
+  saveMilestone(milestone: Milestone): Promise<Milestone>;
+  /** 按 id 查找里程碑，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findMilestone(id: string): Promise<Milestone | null>;
+  /** 列出指定学生的全部里程碑（需求 1.4）。 */
+  listMilestonesByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<Milestone[]>;
+}
+
+/** 个人学习空间持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY = Symbol('LEARNING_SPACE_REPOSITORY');
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f03e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/repositories/in-memory-learning-space.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  Achievement,
+  LearningSpaceRepository,
+  Milestone,
+} from '../learning-space.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版个人学习空间仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，作为默认装配与测试替身。
+ * 真实持久化由 `TypeOrmLearningSpaceRepository` 在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date），
+ * 避免外部引用篡改内部状态，配合错误路径数据保全不变量（Property 7）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository
+  implements LearningSpaceRepository
+{
+  private readonly achievements = new Map<string, Achievement>();
+  private readonly milestones = new Map<string, Milestone>();
+
+  async saveAchievement(achievement: Achievement): Promise<Achievement> {
+    const stored = this.cloneAchievement(achievement);
+    this.achievements.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneAchievement(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findAchievement(id: string): Promise<Achievement | null> {
+    const found = this.achievements.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneAchievement(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listAchievements(): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return [...this.achievements.values()].map((a) => this.cloneAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return [...this.achievements.values()]
+      .filter((a) => a.studentId === studentId)
+      .map((a) => this.cloneAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async countAchievements(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.achievements.size;
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsByAcademicYear(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return [...this.achievements.values()]
+      .filter(
+        (a) => a.studentId === studentId && a.academicYear === academicYear,
+      )
+      .map((a) => this.cloneAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsBySemester(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+    semester: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return [...this.achievements.values()]
+      .filter(
+        (a) =>
+          a.studentId === studentId &&
+          a.academicYear === academicYear &&
+          a.semester === semester,
+      )
+      .map((a) => this.cloneAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsByRotationDept(
+    studentId: string,
+    rotationDept: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    return [...this.achievements.values()]
+      .filter(
+        (a) => a.studentId === studentId && a.rotationDept === rotationDept,
+      )
+      .map((a) => this.cloneAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async saveMilestone(milestone: Milestone): Promise<Milestone> {
+    const stored = this.cloneMilestone(milestone);
+    this.milestones.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneMilestone(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findMilestone(id: string): Promise<Milestone | null> {
+    const found = this.milestones.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneMilestone(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listMilestonesByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<Milestone[]> {
+    return [...this.milestones.values()]
+      .filter((m) => m.studentId === studentId)
+      .map((m) => this.cloneMilestone(m));
+  }
+
+  private cloneAchievement(achievement: Achievement): Achievement {
+    return {
+      ...achievement,
+      occurredAt: new Date(achievement.occurredAt),
+      attachments: achievement.attachments.map((a) => ({ ...a })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...achievement.competencyTagIds],
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneMilestone(milestone: Milestone): Milestone {
+    return {
+      ...milestone,
+      reachedAt: new Date(milestone.reachedAt),
+      achievementIds: [...milestone.achievementIds],
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/learning-space/repositories/typeorm-learning-space.repository.ts b/src/modules/learning-space/repositories/typeorm-learning-space.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e735f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/learning-space/repositories/typeorm-learning-space.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  Achievement,
+  LearningSpaceRepository,
+  Milestone,
+} from '../learning-space.types';
+import { AchievementEntity } from '../entities/achievement.entity';
+import { MilestoneEntity } from '../entities/milestone.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的个人学习空间仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现学习成果与里程碑的持久化（需求 1）。
+ * 与内存实现共享 `LearningSpaceRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmLearningSpaceRepository
+  implements LearningSpaceRepository
+{
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(AchievementEntity)
+    private readonly achievementRepo: Repository<AchievementEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(MilestoneEntity)
+    private readonly milestoneRepo: Repository<MilestoneEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveAchievement(achievement: Achievement): Promise<Achievement> {
+    const entity = this.achievementRepo.create({
+      id: achievement.id,
+      studentId: achievement.studentId,
+      type: achievement.type,
+      title: achievement.title,
+      occurredAt: achievement.occurredAt,
+      academicYear: achievement.academicYear,
+      semester: achievement.semester,
+      rotationDept: achievement.rotationDept ?? null,
+      attachments: achievement.attachments.map((a) => ({ ...a })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...achievement.competencyTagIds],
+      pendingTagAssociation: achievement.pendingTagAssociation,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.achievementRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toAchievement(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findAchievement(id: string): Promise<Achievement | null> {
+    const found = await this.achievementRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toAchievement(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listAchievements(): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    const all = await this.achievementRepo.find();
+    return all.map((a) => this.toAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    const all = await this.achievementRepo.find({ where: { studentId } });
+    return all.map((a) => this.toAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async countAchievements(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.achievementRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsByAcademicYear(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    const all = await this.achievementRepo.find({
+      where: { studentId, academicYear },
+    });
+    return all.map((a) => this.toAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsBySemester(
+    studentId: string,
+    academicYear: string,
+    semester: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    const all = await this.achievementRepo.find({
+      where: { studentId, academicYear, semester },
+    });
+    return all.map((a) => this.toAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async listAchievementsByRotationDept(
+    studentId: string,
+    rotationDept: string,
+  ): Promise<Achievement[]> {
+    const all = await this.achievementRepo.find({
+      where: { studentId, rotationDept },
+    });
+    return all.map((a) => this.toAchievement(a));
+  }
+
+  async saveMilestone(milestone: Milestone): Promise<Milestone> {
+    const entity = this.milestoneRepo.create({
+      id: milestone.id,
+      studentId: milestone.studentId,
+      name: milestone.name,
+      reachedAt: milestone.reachedAt,
+      achievementIds: [...milestone.achievementIds],
+    });
+    const saved = await this.milestoneRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toMilestone(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findMilestone(id: string): Promise<Milestone | null> {
+    const found = await this.milestoneRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toMilestone(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listMilestonesByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<Milestone[]> {
+    const all = await this.milestoneRepo.find({ where: { studentId } });
+    return all.map((m) => this.toMilestone(m));
+  }
+
+  private toAchievement(entity: AchievementEntity): Achievement {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      type: entity.type,
+      title: entity.title,
+      occurredAt: entity.occurredAt,
+      academicYear: entity.academicYear,
+      semester: entity.semester,
+      ...(entity.rotationDept != null
+        ? { rotationDept: entity.rotationDept }
+        : {}),
+      attachments: (entity.attachments ?? []).map((a) => ({ ...a })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...(entity.competencyTagIds ?? [])],
+      pendingTagAssociation: entity.pendingTagAssociation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toMilestone(entity: MilestoneEntity): Milestone {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      name: entity.name,
+      reachedAt: entity.reachedAt,
+      achievementIds: [...(entity.achievementIds ?? [])],
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/medical-knowledge/index.ts b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edbc8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { MedicalKnowledgeModule } from './medical-knowledge.module';
+export { MedicalKnowledgeService } from './medical-knowledge.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.controller.ts b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4aa07d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { MedicalKnowledgeService } from './medical-knowledge.service';
+
+@Controller('api/medical-knowledge')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class MedicalKnowledgeController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: MedicalKnowledgeService) {}
+
+  @Post('ask')
+  ask(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() body: { question: string; context?: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.ask(user.id, body.question, body.context);
+  }
+
+  @Get('history')
+  listHistory(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.listHistory(user.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.module.ts b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1f1a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { AITrustModule } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+
+import { MedicalKnowledgeController } from './medical-knowledge.controller';
+import { MedicalKnowledgeService } from './medical-knowledge.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [AIGatewayModule, AITrustModule],
+  providers: [MedicalKnowledgeService],
+  controllers: [MedicalKnowledgeController],
+  exports: [MedicalKnowledgeService],
+})
+export class MedicalKnowledgeModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.service.ts b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c40c385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medical-knowledge/medical-knowledge.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { AIOutputKind, AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+
+export interface QAEntry {
+  question: string;
+  answer: string;
+  timestamp: string;
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class MedicalKnowledgeService {
+  private history = new Map<string, QAEntry[]>();
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly ai: AIGateway,
+    private readonly trust: AITrustService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async ask(studentId: string, question: string, context?: string) {
+    const contextPart = context
+      ? `\n\n以下是之前的对话上下文：\n${context}`
+      : '';
+
+    const prompt = `你是一位医学教育顾问，面向医学本科生回答问题。
+请用专业但易懂的语言回答以下问题。要求：
+1. 给出准确的医学知识
+2. 如有来源，标注参考教材或指南（如《内科学》第9版、最新临床指南等）
+3. 对于有争议或不确定的内容，明确说明
+${contextPart}
+
+学生问题：${question}
+
+请用以下 JSON 格式回答：
+{
+  "answer": "你的回答正文",
+  "sources": [{"title": "来源名称", "type": "教材/指南/文献"}],
+  "credibility": "high/medium/low"
+}`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+
+    let answer = '抱歉，暂时无法回答该问题。';
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    let sources: any[] = [];
+
+    try {
+      const jsonMatch = genResult.content.match(/\{[\s\S]*\}/);
+      if (jsonMatch) {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]);
+        answer = parsed.answer ?? genResult.content;
+        sources = parsed.sources ?? [];
+      } else {
+        answer = genResult.content;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      answer = genResult.content;
+    }
+
+    const annotated = this.trust.wrap({
+      kind: AIOutputKind.Other,
+      content: answer,
+      sources: genResult.annotation?.sources ?? [],
+    });
+
+    const entry: QAEntry = {
+      question,
+      answer,
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    const userHistory = this.history.get(studentId) ?? [];
+    userHistory.push(entry);
+    this.history.set(studentId, userHistory);
+
+    return {
+      answer,
+      sources,
+      annotation: annotated.annotation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  listHistory(studentId: string): QAEntry[] {
+    return this.history.get(studentId) ?? [];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/medication-safety/index.ts b/src/modules/medication-safety/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3444d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medication-safety/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { MedicationSafetyModule } from './medication-safety.module';
+export { MedicationSafetyService } from './medication-safety.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.controller.ts b/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f341759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { MedicationSafetyService } from './medication-safety.service';
+
+@Controller('api/medication-safety')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class MedicationSafetyController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: MedicationSafetyService) {}
+
+  @Post('scenarios')
+  generateScenario(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() body: { category?: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.generateScenario(user.id, body.category);
+  }
+
+  @Post('scenarios/:scenarioId/answers')
+  submitAnswer(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string,
+    @Body() body: { answer: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.submitAnswer(user.id, scenarioId, body.answer);
+  }
+
+  @Get('history')
+  listHistory(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.listHistory(user.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.module.ts b/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8587c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+import { MedicationSafetyController } from './medication-safety.controller';
+import { MedicationSafetyService } from './medication-safety.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [AIGatewayModule],
+  providers: [MedicationSafetyService],
+  controllers: [MedicationSafetyController],
+  exports: [MedicationSafetyService],
+})
+export class MedicationSafetyModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.service.ts b/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6a1b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/medication-safety/medication-safety.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+const CATEGORY_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  dosage: '剂量计算',
+  interaction: '药物相互作用',
+  prescription: '处方审核',
+  pediatric: '儿科用药',
+  renal: '肾功能调整',
+};
+
+interface ScenarioRecord {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  category: string;
+  question: string;
+  correctAnswer: string;
+  explanation: string;
+}
+
+export interface HistoryEntry {
+  id: string;
+  question: string;
+  category: string;
+  correct: boolean;
+  timestamp: string;
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class MedicationSafetyService {
+  private scenarios = new Map<string, ScenarioRecord>();
+  private history = new Map<string, HistoryEntry[]>();
+
+  constructor(@Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly ai: AIGateway) {}
+
+  async generateScenario(studentId: string, category?: string) {
+    const cat = category || this.randomCategory();
+    const label = CATEGORY_LABELS[cat] ?? cat;
+
+    const prompt = `你是药学教学系统。请生成一道「${label}」类型的临床用药安全练习题。
+
+要求：
+1. 包含具体的临床场景（患者信息、诊断、当前用药）
+2. 提出一个明确的问题
+3. 给出正确答案和解析
+
+输出 JSON 格式：
+{
+  "question": "临床场景+问题",
+  "patientInfo": {"age": "...", "weight": ..., "renalFunction": "...", "allergies": "..."},
+  "medications": ["药物1", "药物2"],
+  "correctAnswer": "正确答案",
+  "explanation": "解析"
+}`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    let parsed: any = {
+      question: `${label}练习：请计算患者的正确给药剂量。`,
+      correctAnswer: '需要根据患者情况计算。',
+      explanation: '请综合考虑患者的体重、肾功能和药物特性。',
+    };
+
+    try {
+      const jsonMatch = genResult.content.match(/\{[\s\S]*\}/);
+      if (jsonMatch) {
+        parsed = { ...parsed, ...JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]) };
+      }
+    } catch {
+      parsed.question = genResult.content;
+    }
+
+    const id = randomUUID();
+    const record: ScenarioRecord = {
+      id,
+      studentId,
+      category: cat,
+      question: parsed.question,
+      correctAnswer: parsed.correctAnswer,
+      explanation: parsed.explanation,
+    };
+    this.scenarios.set(id, record);
+
+    return {
+      id,
+      category: cat,
+      question: parsed.question,
+      patientInfo: parsed.patientInfo,
+      medications: parsed.medications,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async submitAnswer(studentId: string, scenarioId: string, answer: string) {
+    const scenario = this.scenarios.get(scenarioId);
+    if (!scenario) {
+      return { error: '场景不存在' };
+    }
+
+    const prompt = `用药安全练习评判：
+题目：${scenario.question}
+正确答案：${scenario.correctAnswer}
+学生答案：${answer}
+
+请判断学生答案是否正确（允许合理的表述差异），并给出简短评价。
+输出 JSON：{"correct": true/false, "feedback": "评价"}`;
+
+    const genResult = await this.ai.generate({ prompt });
+
+    let correct = false;
+    let feedback = '';
+
+    try {
+      const jsonMatch = genResult.content.match(/\{[\s\S]*\}/);
+      if (jsonMatch) {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(jsonMatch[0]);
+        correct = !!parsed.correct;
+        feedback = parsed.feedback ?? '';
+      }
+    } catch {
+      feedback = genResult.content;
+    }
+
+    const entry: HistoryEntry = {
+      id: scenarioId,
+      question: scenario.question,
+      category: scenario.category,
+      correct,
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    const userHistory = this.history.get(studentId) ?? [];
+    userHistory.push(entry);
+    this.history.set(studentId, userHistory);
+
+    this.scenarios.delete(scenarioId);
+
+    return {
+      correct,
+      feedback,
+      correctAnswer: scenario.correctAnswer,
+      explanation: scenario.explanation,
+    };
+  }
+
+  listHistory(studentId: string): HistoryEntry[] {
+    return this.history.get(studentId) ?? [];
+  }
+
+  private randomCategory(): string {
+    const cats = Object.keys(CATEGORY_LABELS);
+    return cats[Math.floor(Math.random() * cats.length)];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/entities/achievement-comment.entity.ts b/src/modules/mentor/entities/achievement-comment.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d10940b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/entities/achievement-comment.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果点评持久化实体（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 表示导师对某条学习成果的点评，关联到具体学习成果（`achievementId`），并对该成果
+ * 所属学生可见（`visibleToStudent` 恒为 `true`，需求 15.2）。`studentId` 取自被点评
+ * 成果的归属学生，用于"对该学生可见"的查询过滤。
+ *
+ * 与 `learning-space` 实体约定一致：业务主键 `id`（varchar 128），按 `achievementId`
+ * 与 `studentId` 建索引以支持按成果/按学生的可见性查询。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'mentor_achievement_comments' })
+export class AchievementCommentEntity {
+  /** 点评唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 被点评的学习成果标识（需求 15.2：关联到该学习成果）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  achievementId!: string;
+
+  /** 被点评成果所属学生标识（需求 15.2：对该学生可见）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 点评导师标识。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  mentorId!: string;
+
+  /** 点评内容。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  comment!: string;
+
+  /** 是否对该学生可见（恒为 true，需求 15.2）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean' })
+  visibleToStudent!: boolean;
+
+  /** 点评创建时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  createdAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/entities/mentorship-relation.entity.ts b/src/modules/mentor/entities/mentorship-relation.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..297496e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/entities/mentorship-relation.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * 带教关系持久化实体（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 表示一条导师 → 学生的带教关系。一条关系由 `(mentorId, studentId)` 唯一标识，因此
+ * 采用 **复合主键**（两个 `@PrimaryColumn`）而非自增/业务主键：
+ * - `addMentorship` 通过 `save` 同一对 (导师, 学生) 时为幂等的 upsert（重复登记无副作用，
+ *   不产生重复记录，需求 15.3 幂等约定）。
+ * - `removeMentorship` 按该对删除，不存在时为无操作（需求 15.4）。
+ *
+ * 按 `mentorId` 建索引以支持 `listStudentsByMentor` 的按导师查询。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'mentor_relations' })
+export class MentorshipRelationEntity {
+  /** 导师标识（复合主键之一）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  mentorId!: string;
+
+  /** 所带学生标识（复合主键之一）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/index.ts b/src/modules/mentor/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff39959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+export * from './mentor.types';
+export * from './mentor-error';
+export * from './mentor.dto';
+export * from './mentor.controller';
+export * from './system-mentor-clock';
+export * from './entities/achievement-comment.entity';
+export * from './entities/mentorship-relation.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-mentor.repository';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-mentorship.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-mentor.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-mentorship.repository';
+export * from './mentor.service';
+export * from './mentor.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor-error.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f641fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+/**
+ * 导师端错误（需求 15.2、15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 作为导师端各操作 `Result<T, MentorError>` 的错误载体，统一承载导师端的各类非成功
+ * 结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略（与 `ProfileError` /
+ * `AssessmentError` 的设计风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖分支：
+ * - `achievementNotFound()`：被点评的学习成果不存在（校验类，前置条件未满足）——
+ *   不创建点评记录（需求 15.2）。
+ * - `mentorshipDenied()`：导师与该学生不存在带教关系，拒绝查看其画像（授权类，
+ *   需求 15.4）——保持画像不被访问，并由服务记录一条越权访问尝试事件。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（数据保全）：任一错误分支都不得使数据进入不一致状态——点评成果
+ * 不存在时不写入点评；带教关系缺失时不返回画像、不读取敏感字段，仅返回错误并记录
+ * 越权尝试。
+ */
+export class MentorError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 被点评的学习成果不存在的错误码（需求 15.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_ACHIEVEMENT_NOT_FOUND =
+    'MENTOR.ACHIEVEMENT_NOT_FOUND';
+  /** 点评内容为空的错误码（需求 15.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_EMPTY_COMMENT = 'MENTOR.EMPTY_COMMENT';
+  /** 缺少带教关系、拒绝查看学生画像的错误码（需求 15.4）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_MENTORSHIP_DENIED = 'MENTOR.MENTORSHIP_DENIED';
+
+  /**
+   * 被点评的学习成果不存在（需求 15.2）。
+   *
+   * 点评须关联到一条已存在的学习成果；成果不存在时拒绝点评、不创建点评记录。
+   * 归类为校验类错误（前置条件未满足）。
+   */
+  static achievementNotFound(achievementId: string): MentorError {
+    return new MentorError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      MentorError.CODE_ACHIEVEMENT_NOT_FOUND,
+      `被点评的学习成果不存在：${achievementId}`,
+      { achievementId },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 点评内容为空（需求 15.2）。
+   *
+   * 点评内容须为非空文本；为空时拒绝点评、不创建点评记录（校验类错误）。
+   */
+  static emptyComment(achievementId: string): MentorError {
+    return new MentorError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      MentorError.CODE_EMPTY_COMMENT,
+      '点评内容不能为空',
+      { achievementId },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 导师与该学生不存在带教关系，拒绝查看其画像（需求 15.4）。
+   *
+   * 归类为授权类错误。服务在返回该错误的同时，经合规模块记录一条越权访问尝试事件
+   * （含操作者、时间、资源标识与拒绝原因，需求 17.3）；`details.denialEventId` 给出
+   * 所记录拒绝事件的标识，便于上层提示与审计追溯。
+   */
+  static mentorshipDenied(
+    mentorId: string,
+    studentId: string,
+    denialEventId?: string,
+  ): MentorError {
+    return new MentorError(
+      ErrorKind.Authorization,
+      MentorError.CODE_MENTORSHIP_DENIED,
+      '导师与该学生不存在带教关系，无权查看其学生画像',
+      {
+        mentorId,
+        studentId,
+        ...(denialEventId != null ? { denialEventId } : {}),
+      },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.controller.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a008bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+import { Question } from '@modules/practice-engine';
+import { StudentProfileView } from '@modules/compliance';
+
+import { AddAchievementCommentDto, ReviewQuestionDto } from './mentor.dto';
+import { MentorService } from './mentor.service';
+import { AchievementComment } from './mentor.types';
+
+/**
+ * 导师端 HTTP 接口（`/api/mentor`，需求 15）。
+ *
+ * 全部端点限定**导师**（`Role.Mentor`）。导师身份取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser().id`）。
+ * 记录级访问控制（带教关系、画像授权脱敏）由 `MentorService` 编排合规模块负责：
+ * - 查看非所带学生画像时，合规模块拒绝并记录越权尝试（需求 15.4）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `POST /api/mentor/questions/:questionId/review`：审核题目（需求 15.1）。
+ * - `POST /api/mentor/achievements/:achievementId/comments`：点评学习成果（需求 15.2）。
+ * - `GET  /api/mentor/achievements/:achievementId/comments`：列出某成果的点评（需求 15.2）。
+ * - `GET  /api/mentor/students`：列出所带学生（需求 15.3）。
+ * - `GET  /api/mentor/students/:studentId/profile`：查看所带学生画像（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射（越权/无带教关系 → 403、成果不存在 → 4xx）。
+ */
+@Controller('api/mentor')
+@Roles(Role.Mentor)
+export class MentorController {
+  constructor(private readonly mentor: MentorService) {}
+
+  /** 导师审核一道题目（通过/退回，需求 15.1）。 */
+  @Post('questions/:questionId/review')
+  async reviewQuestion(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('questionId') questionId: string,
+    @Body() dto: ReviewQuestionDto,
+  ): Promise<Question> {
+    const result = await this.mentor.reviewQuestion(
+      questionId,
+      user.id,
+      dto.decision,
+      dto.reason,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 导师点评一条学习成果（关联成果并对学生可见，需求 15.2）。 */
+  @Post('achievements/:achievementId/comments')
+  async addComment(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('achievementId') achievementId: string,
+    @Body() dto: AddAchievementCommentDto,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment> {
+    const result = await this.mentor.addAchievementComment(
+      user.id,
+      achievementId,
+      dto.comment,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 列出某条学习成果的全部点评（需求 15.2）。 */
+  @Get('achievements/:achievementId/comments')
+  async listComments(
+    @Param('achievementId') achievementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    return this.mentor.listCommentsForAchievement(achievementId);
+  }
+
+  /** 列出导师所带的全部学生标识（需求 15.3）。 */
+  @Get('students')
+  async listStudents(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    return this.mentor.listMentoredStudents(user.id);
+  }
+
+  /** 查看所带学生画像（需求 15.3）；非所带学生由合规模块拒绝并记录（需求 15.4）。 */
+  @Get('students/:studentId/profile')
+  async viewStudentProfile(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('studentId') studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<StudentProfileView> {
+    const result = await this.mentor.viewStudentProfile(user.id, studentId);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.dto.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddd4b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { IsEnum, IsOptional, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
+
+import { ReviewDecision } from '@modules/practice-engine';
+
+/**
+ * 导师端 HTTP 请求体 DTO（需求 15）。
+ *
+ * 与既有 DTO 约定一致：class-validator + 全局 `ValidationPipe`。导师身份取自认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`），不在请求体中传 mentorId（防越权）。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 导师审核题目请求体（需求 15.1，复用课程对练引擎审核）。
+ *
+ * `decision` 取 `ReviewDecision`（approve / return）；退回须提供 `reason`（需求 3.5）。
+ */
+export class ReviewQuestionDto {
+  @IsEnum(ReviewDecision)
+  decision!: ReviewDecision;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(1000)
+  reason?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 成果点评请求体（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 将点评关联到指定学习成果（`achievementId` 由路径参数提供）并对学生可见。
+ */
+export class AddAchievementCommentDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(4000)
+  comment!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8795929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+import { MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY, MentorshipRepository } from './mentor.types';
+
+/**
+ * 导师端 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 15）。
+ *
+ * 验证：
+ * - 导师查看所带学生画像成功；查看非所带学生被拒（403）并记录越权尝试（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ * - 未认证 401；学生越权访问导师端 403。
+ * - 列出所带学生。
+ *
+ * 经 MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY 直接登记带教关系以构造 happy-path（需求 15.3）。
+ */
+describe('Mentor E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+  let mentorships: MentorshipRepository;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+    mentorships = app.get<MentorshipRepository>(MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (method: string, path: string, body?: unknown, token?: string) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `u_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录，返回 { token, id }（学生角色时 id 即 studentId）。 */
+  const register = async (
+    role: string,
+  ): Promise<{ token: string; id: string }> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const regRes = await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const reg = await regRes.json();
+    const loginRes = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+    });
+    const login = await loginRes.json();
+    return { token: login.accessToken, id: reg.user.id };
+  };
+
+  it('导师查看所带学生画像成功（需求 15.3）', async () => {
+    const mentor = await register('mentor');
+    const student = await register('student');
+    await mentorships.addMentorship(mentor.id, student.id);
+
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      `/api/mentor/students/${student.id}/profile`,
+      undefined,
+      mentor.token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const view = await res.json();
+    expect(view.studentId).toBe(student.id);
+    // 画像视图含字段集合（脱敏后）。
+    expect(Array.isArray(view.fields)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('导师查看非所带学生画像被拒（403，需求 15.4）', async () => {
+    const mentor = await register('mentor');
+    const student = await register('student');
+    // 不登记带教关系。
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      `/api/mentor/students/${student.id}/profile`,
+      undefined,
+      mentor.token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('导师列出所带学生（需求 15.3）', async () => {
+    const mentor = await register('mentor');
+    const student = await register('student');
+    await mentorships.addMentorship(mentor.id, student.id);
+
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/mentor/students', undefined, mentor.token);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const students = await res.json();
+    expect(students).toContain(student.id);
+  });
+
+  it('点评不存在的成果返回 4xx（需求 15.2）', async () => {
+    const mentor = await register('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/mentor/achievements/ach-does-not-exist/comments',
+      { comment: '很好' },
+      mentor.token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(400);
+    expect(res.status).toBeLessThan(500);
+  });
+
+  it('学生越权访问导师端被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const student = await register('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/mentor/students',
+      undefined,
+      student.token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/mentor/students');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.module.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc2ee84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { ComplianceModule } from '@modules/compliance';
+import { LearningSpaceModule } from '@modules/learning-space';
+import { PracticeEngineModule } from '@modules/practice-engine';
+import { ProfileEngineModule } from '@modules/profile-engine';
+
+import { AchievementCommentEntity } from './entities/achievement-comment.entity';
+import { MentorshipRelationEntity } from './entities/mentorship-relation.entity';
+import { MentorController } from './mentor.controller';
+import { MentorService } from './mentor.service';
+import {
+  MENTOR_CLOCK,
+  MENTOR_REPOSITORY,
+  MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY,
+} from './mentor.types';
+import { InMemoryMentorRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-mentor.repository';
+import { InMemoryMentorshipRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-mentorship.repository';
+import { TypeOrmMentorRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-mentor.repository';
+import { TypeOrmMentorshipRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-mentorship.repository';
+import { SystemMentorClock } from './system-mentor-clock';
+
+/** 导师端持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const MENTOR_ENTITIES = [AchievementCommentEntity, MentorshipRelationEntity];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 15 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ * 导师端含两套仓库：成果点评（`MENTOR_REPOSITORY`）与带教关系
+ * （`MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY`）。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: MENTOR_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmMentorRepository,
+      },
+      {
+        provide: MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmMentorshipRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryMentorRepository,
+      {
+        provide: MENTOR_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryMentorRepository,
+      },
+      InMemoryMentorshipRepository,
+      {
+        provide: MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryMentorshipRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 导师端模块（需求 15，对应 design.md 组件 12「导师端」）。
+ *
+ * 导师端是跨模块集成视图，本模块编排复用既有模块实现任务 13：
+ * - 需求 15.1 题目审核：复用 `PracticeEngineModule` 的
+ *   `PracticeEngineService.reviewQuestion()`（任务 7.2）。
+ * - 需求 15.2 成果点评：经 `LearningSpaceModule` 校验成果存在，将点评关联到学习成果
+ *   并对学生可见（本模块持久化）。
+ * - 需求 15.3 查看所带学生画像：经 `ProfileEngineModule` 生成画像、经 `ComplianceModule`
+ *   的 `ConsentService.resolveProfileView()` 处理敏感字段，在存在带教关系时返回。
+ * - 需求 15.4 越权拒绝：经 `ComplianceModule` 的 `ComplianceAccessService.recordDenial()`
+ *   记录越权访问尝试（需求 17.3）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `PracticeEngineModule`：题目审核复用（需求 15.1）。
+ * - `LearningSpaceModule`：成果存在性校验（需求 15.2）。
+ * - `ProfileEngineModule`：画像生成（需求 15.3）。
+ * - `ComplianceModule`：画像脱敏（`ConsentService`，需求 7.5）与越权拒绝记录
+ *   （`ComplianceAccessService`，需求 15.4、17.3）。
+ *
+ * 仓库与时钟抽象：
+ * - `MENTOR_REPOSITORY`：成果点评持久化，默认绑定内存实现。
+ * - `MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY`：带教关系登记/查询，默认绑定内存实现。
+ * - `MENTOR_CLOCK`：点评时间戳时钟，默认绑定系统时钟；测试可注入可控时钟替代。
+ *
+ * 默认装配无需数据库即可运行（与脚手架中 mock 适配器、其余模块风格一致）。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    PracticeEngineModule,
+    LearningSpaceModule,
+    ProfileEngineModule,
+    ComplianceModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(MENTOR_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    SystemMentorClock,
+    {
+      provide: MENTOR_CLOCK,
+      useExisting: SystemMentorClock,
+    },
+    MentorService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [MentorController],
+  exports: [
+    MentorService,
+    MENTOR_REPOSITORY,
+    MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY,
+    MENTOR_CLOCK,
+  ],
+})
+export class MentorModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cdbd74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import { AIEvaluationService } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  CompetencyOverviewService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import {
+  Action,
+  ComplianceAccessService,
+  ConsentService,
+  InMemoryComplianceRepository,
+  Purpose,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  SensitiveFieldCategory,
+} from '@modules/compliance';
+import {
+  AchievementType,
+  InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository,
+  LearningSpaceService,
+} from '@modules/learning-space';
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  CourseContent,
+  InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository,
+  MockCourseContentProvider,
+  PracticeEngineService,
+  Question,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  ReviewDecision,
+  SystemPracticeClock,
+} from '@modules/practice-engine';
+import { ProfileEngineService } from '@modules/profile-engine';
+
+import { MentorError } from './mentor-error';
+import { MentorService } from './mentor.service';
+import { SystemMentorClock } from './system-mentor-clock';
+import { InMemoryMentorRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-mentor.repository';
+import { InMemoryMentorshipRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-mentorship.repository';
+
+/**
+ * 导师端集成测试（任务 13，需求 15.1、15.2、15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 需求 15.1：题目审核复用课程对练引擎（通过/退回均委派 PracticeEngineService）。
+ * - 需求 15.2：成果点评关联学习成果并对学生可见；成果不存在/内容为空时拒绝。
+ * - 需求 15.3：导师与学生存在带教关系时允许查看其学生画像。
+ * - 需求 15.4：导师查看非所带学生画像时合规模块拒绝并记录越权访问尝试。
+ */
+describe('MentorService（导师端集成，需求 15.1、15.2、15.3、15.4）', () => {
+  // 共享底座
+  let graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  let overviewService: CompetencyOverviewService;
+  let aiTrust: AITrustService;
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+
+  // 学习空间
+  let learningSpaceRepo: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  let learningSpace: LearningSpaceService;
+
+  // 课程对练引擎
+  let practiceRepo: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository;
+  let courseProvider: MockCourseContentProvider;
+  let practiceEngine: PracticeEngineService;
+
+  // 学生画像引擎
+  let profileEngine: ProfileEngineService;
+
+  // 合规模块
+  let complianceRepo: InMemoryComplianceRepository;
+  let complianceAccess: ComplianceAccessService;
+  let consent: ConsentService;
+
+  // 导师端
+  let mentorRepo: InMemoryMentorRepository;
+  let mentorshipRepo: InMemoryMentorshipRepository;
+  let mentor: MentorService;
+
+  const mentorId = 'mentor-001';
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+  const otherStudentId = 'stu-999';
+  const courseId = 'course-cardio-101';
+
+  const sourceIds = buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources().map((s) => s.id);
+
+  const makeCourseContent = (topicCount: number): CourseContent => ({
+    courseId,
+    title: '心血管系统疾病',
+    topics: Array.from({ length: topicCount }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: `topic-${i + 1}`,
+      title: `主题 ${i + 1}`,
+      summary: `主题 ${i + 1} 的内容摘要`,
+      authoritativeSourceIds: [...sourceIds],
+      competencyTagIds: ['tag.knowledge.clinical'],
+    })),
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+    overviewService = new CompetencyOverviewService(graphRepo);
+    aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    gateway.setBehavior('success');
+
+    learningSpaceRepo = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+    learningSpace = new LearningSpaceService(
+      learningSpaceRepo,
+      tagService,
+      mappingService,
+    );
+
+    practiceRepo = new InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository();
+    courseProvider = new MockCourseContentProvider();
+    for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+      courseProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+    }
+    const aiEvaluation = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+    practiceEngine = new PracticeEngineService(
+      gateway,
+      courseProvider,
+      practiceRepo,
+      new SystemPracticeClock(),
+      mappingService,
+      tagService,
+      aiEvaluation,
+    );
+
+    profileEngine = new ProfileEngineService(
+      graphRepo,
+      overviewService,
+      learningSpace,
+    );
+
+    complianceRepo = new InMemoryComplianceRepository();
+    complianceAccess = new ComplianceAccessService(complianceRepo);
+    consent = new ConsentService(complianceRepo);
+
+    mentorRepo = new InMemoryMentorRepository();
+    mentorshipRepo = new InMemoryMentorshipRepository();
+    mentor = new MentorService(
+      mentorRepo,
+      mentorshipRepo,
+      new SystemMentorClock(),
+      practiceEngine,
+      learningSpace,
+      profileEngine,
+      complianceAccess,
+      consent,
+    );
+
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  });
+
+  /** 便捷方法：新增一条学习成果并返回它。 */
+  const addAchievement = async (
+    ownerId: string,
+    title = '心电图判读学习记录',
+  ): Promise<{ id: string; studentId: string }> => {
+    const result = await learningSpace.addAchievement(ownerId, {
+      type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship,
+      title,
+      occurredAt: new Date('2024-03-15T00:00:00Z'),
+      rotationDept: '心血管内科',
+    });
+    expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(result)) {
+      throw new Error('新增学习成果应当成功');
+    }
+    return result.value.achievement;
+  };
+
+  /** 便捷方法：生成一批"待导师审核"题目并返回它们。 */
+  const generatePendingQuestions = async (): Promise<Question[]> => {
+    courseProvider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+    const result = await practiceEngine.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+    expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(result)) {
+      throw new Error('题目生成应当成功');
+    }
+    return result.value.questions;
+  };
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.1：题目审核（复用课程对练引擎）
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('需求 15.1：题目审核（复用 7.2）', () => {
+    it('导师通过题目：委派对练引擎，置为"可用于对练"', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      const result = await mentor.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Approve,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Available);
+        expect(result.value.review?.mentorId).toBe(mentorId);
+      }
+      // 复用对练引擎：通过后题目对学生发布。
+      const available = await practiceEngine.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+      expect(available.some((q) => q.id === question.id)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('导师退回题目：记录退回原因并阻止进入对练（需求 15.1）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+      const reason = '题干表述歧义，请修订';
+
+      const result = await mentor.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        reason,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Returned);
+        expect(result.value.review?.reason).toBe(reason);
+      }
+      const available = await practiceEngine.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+      expect(available.some((q) => q.id === question.id)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('退回未提供原因时拒绝（委派对练引擎的校验）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      const result = await mentor.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.2：成果点评（关联学习成果并对学生可见）
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('需求 15.2：成果点评', () => {
+    it('点评关联到学习成果并对该学生可见', async () => {
+      const achievement = await addAchievement(studentId);
+
+      const result = await mentor.addAchievementComment(
+        mentorId,
+        achievement.id,
+        '问诊思路完整，建议补充鉴别诊断',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const comment = result.value;
+      // 关联到该学习成果（需求 15.2）。
+      expect(comment.achievementId).toBe(achievement.id);
+      expect(comment.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+      expect(comment.mentorId).toBe(mentorId);
+      // 对该学生可见（需求 15.2）。
+      expect(comment.visibleToStudent).toBe(true);
+      expect(comment.createdAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+    });
+
+    it('点评对该学生可见：可由学生端查询到（需求 15.2）', async () => {
+      const achievement = await addAchievement(studentId);
+      await mentor.addAchievementComment(mentorId, achievement.id, '很好');
+
+      const visible = await mentor.listVisibleCommentsForStudent(studentId);
+      expect(visible).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(visible[0].achievementId).toBe(achievement.id);
+      expect(visible[0].visibleToStudent).toBe(true);
+
+      // 该点评关联到具体成果，可按成果查询。
+      const byAchievement = await mentor.listCommentsForAchievement(
+        achievement.id,
+      );
+      expect(byAchievement).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('点评不存在的成果时拒绝、不创建点评（数据保全，需求 15.2）', async () => {
+      const result = await mentor.addAchievementComment(
+        mentorId,
+        'no-such-achievement',
+        '点评内容',
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(MentorError.CODE_ACHIEVEMENT_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+      const byAchievement = await mentor.listCommentsForAchievement(
+        'no-such-achievement',
+      );
+      expect(byAchievement).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('点评内容为空时拒绝、不创建点评', async () => {
+      const achievement = await addAchievement(studentId);
+
+      const result = await mentor.addAchievementComment(
+        mentorId,
+        achievement.id,
+        '   ',
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(MentorError.CODE_EMPTY_COMMENT);
+      }
+      const byAchievement = await mentor.listCommentsForAchievement(
+        achievement.id,
+      );
+      expect(byAchievement).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('点评内容前后空白被裁剪后记录', async () => {
+      const achievement = await addAchievement(studentId);
+
+      const result = await mentor.addAchievementComment(
+        mentorId,
+        achievement.id,
+        '  需补充体格检查记录  ',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.comment).toBe('需补充体格检查记录');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.3：带教关系存在时允许查看所带学生画像
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('需求 15.3：查看所带学生画像', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // 建立带教关系：mentor-001 带 stu-001。
+      await mentorshipRepo.addMentorship(mentorId, studentId);
+      // 为该学生写入一条带分值能力数据，使画像有可呈现的维度。
+      await mappingService.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+        { studentId, referenceId: 'ach-1', score: 82 },
+        ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('存在带教关系时允许查看其学生画像', async () => {
+      const result = await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const view = result.value;
+      expect(view.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+      expect(view.viewerId).toBe(mentorId);
+      expect(view.purpose).toBe(Purpose.MentorReview);
+      // 非本人访问：拒绝完整画像，按授权脱敏（需求 7.2、7.5）。
+      expect(view.fullAccess).toBe(false);
+      expect(view.fields.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      // 画像应包含六个维度字段。
+      expect(view.fields).toHaveLength(6);
+    });
+
+    it('未获授权时敏感维度（临床技能）被脱敏（需求 7.5）', async () => {
+      const result = await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, studentId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const clinicalField = result.value.fields.find(
+        (f) => f.key === 'dimension.clinical_skills',
+      );
+      expect(clinicalField).toBeDefined();
+      expect(clinicalField?.sensitive).toBe(true);
+      // 无有效授权 → 敏感字段被脱敏。
+      expect(clinicalField?.redacted).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('持有覆盖用途的有效授权时，已授权敏感字段不被脱敏（需求 7.5）', async () => {
+      await consent.grantConsent({
+        studentId,
+        scope: [SensitiveFieldCategory.MedicalRecord],
+        purpose: Purpose.MentorReview,
+        validFrom: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z'),
+        validUntil: new Date('2030-01-01T00:00:00Z'),
+      });
+
+      const result = await mentor.viewStudentProfile(
+        mentorId,
+        studentId,
+        new Date('2024-06-01T00:00:00Z'),
+      );
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const clinicalField = result.value.fields.find(
+        (f) => f.key === 'dimension.clinical_skills',
+      );
+      expect(clinicalField?.redacted).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('不会因允许查看而记录越权拒绝事件（需求 15.3）', async () => {
+      await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, studentId);
+
+      const events = await complianceAccess.listDenialEventsByActor(mentorId);
+      expect(events).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('可列出导师所带的学生', async () => {
+      const students = await mentor.listMentoredStudents(mentorId);
+      expect(students).toContain(studentId);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.4：查看非所带学生画像被拒绝并记录越权访问尝试
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('需求 15.4：越权访问拒绝并记录越权尝试', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // mentor-001 仅带 stu-001，不带 stu-999。
+      await mentorshipRepo.addMentorship(mentorId, studentId);
+    });
+
+    it('查看非所带学生画像被拒绝，返回授权错误', async () => {
+      const result = await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, otherStudentId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Authorization);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(MentorError.CODE_MENTORSHIP_DENIED);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('越权访问尝试被记录（含操作者/时间/资源标识/拒绝原因，需求 15.4、17.3）', async () => {
+      await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, otherStudentId);
+
+      const events = await complianceAccess.listDenialEventsByActor(mentorId);
+      expect(events).toHaveLength(1);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event.actorId).toBe(mentorId); // 操作者
+      expect(event.actorRole).toBe(Role.Mentor);
+      expect(event.resourceType).toBe(ResourceType.StudentProfile);
+      expect(event.resourceId).toBe(otherStudentId); // 资源标识
+      expect(event.action).toBe(Action.Read);
+      expect(event.reason).toBeTruthy(); // 拒绝原因
+      expect(event.occurredAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date); // 时间
+    });
+
+    it('拒绝事件标识随错误返回，便于审计追溯', async () => {
+      const result = await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, otherStudentId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        const denialEventId = result.error.details?.denialEventId as
+          | string
+          | undefined;
+        expect(denialEventId).toBeTruthy();
+        const events = await complianceAccess.listDenialEvents();
+        expect(events.some((e) => e.id === denialEventId)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('越权拒绝时不返回任何画像数据（保持资源不被访问，数据保全）', async () => {
+      const result = await mentor.viewStudentProfile(mentorId, otherStudentId);
+      // 结果为错误而非画像视图。
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.service.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a61f689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+import { ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+
+import { LearningSpaceService } from '@modules/learning-space';
+import { PracticeEngineService, Question, ReviewDecision } from '@modules/practice-engine';
+import { ProfileEngineService } from '@modules/profile-engine';
+import {
+  ProfileDimensionScore,
+  StudentProfile as EngineStudentProfile,
+} from '@modules/profile-engine';
+import {
+  Action,
+  ComplianceAccessService,
+  ConsentService,
+  ProfileField,
+  ProtectedResource,
+  Purpose,
+  ResourceType,
+  Role,
+  StudentProfile as ComplianceStudentProfile,
+  StudentProfileView,
+  User,
+} from '@modules/compliance';
+
+import { MentorError } from './mentor-error';
+import {
+  AchievementComment,
+  MENTOR_CLOCK,
+  MENTOR_REPOSITORY,
+  MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY,
+  MentorClock,
+  MentorRepository,
+  MentorshipRepository,
+} from './mentor.types';
+
+/**
+ * 导师端服务（需求 15，对应 design.md 组件 12「导师端」）。
+ *
+ * 导师端是一个**跨模块集成视图**，编排复用既有模块以履行导师带教职责，不重复实现
+ * 底层能力：
+ *
+ * - 需求 15.1 题目审核：`reviewQuestion()` 直接复用课程对练引擎
+ *   `PracticeEngineService.reviewQuestion()`（任务 7.2）——导师通过/退回题目，退回
+ *   记录原因，审核状态机与发布约束均由对练引擎保证。
+ * - 需求 15.2 成果点评：`addAchievementComment()` 将导师点评关联到具体学习成果
+ *   （经学习空间校验成果存在）并对该学生可见（`visibleToStudent` 恒为 true）。
+ * - 需求 15.3 查看所带学生画像：`viewStudentProfile()` 先校验带教关系，存在带教关系
+ *   时允许查看——经 `ProfileEngineService.generateProfile()` 生成画像，再经合规模块
+ *   `ConsentService.resolveProfileView()` 对未授权敏感字段脱敏（需求 7.5）后返回视图。
+ * - 需求 15.4 越权拒绝：导师查看**非其所带**学生画像时，由合规模块拒绝并记录该次
+ *   越权访问尝试——经 `ComplianceAccessService.recordDenial()` 落库一条拒绝事件
+ *   （操作者、时间、资源标识、拒绝原因，需求 17.3），并返回授权错误、不读取/不返回
+ *   任何画像数据（保持资源不被访问）。
+ *
+ * 记录级访问控制说明：合规模块的角色级判定（`checkAccess`）允许导师读取学生画像
+ * （需求 17.1），但需求 15.3/15.4 进一步要求**带教关系**这一记录级校验。导师端在
+ * 角色级权限之上施加带教关系校验，关系缺失时即视为越权尝试并记录（需求 15.4）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MentorService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(MENTOR_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: MentorRepository,
+    @Inject(MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly mentorships: MentorshipRepository,
+    @Inject(MENTOR_CLOCK)
+    private readonly clock: MentorClock,
+    private readonly practiceEngine: PracticeEngineService,
+    private readonly learningSpace: LearningSpaceService,
+    private readonly profileEngine: ProfileEngineService,
+    private readonly complianceAccess: ComplianceAccessService,
+    private readonly consent: ConsentService,
+  ) {}
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.1：题目审核（复用课程对练引擎，任务 7.2）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 导师审核一道题目（需求 15.1，复用任务 7.2）。
+   *
+   * 直接转发至课程对练引擎 `PracticeEngineService.reviewQuestion()`：导师通过
+   * （`ReviewDecision.Approve`）将题目置为"可用于对练"（需求 3.6）；退回
+   * （`ReviewDecision.Return`）将题目置为"已退回"并记录退回原因（需求 3.5、15.1）。
+   * 状态机流转、发布约束（审核前不发布）与非法流转拒绝均由对练引擎保证，导师端不
+   * 重复实现。
+   *
+   * @param questionId 待审核题目标识。
+   * @param mentorId 执行审核的导师标识（需求 15.1）。
+   * @param decision 审核决定（通过 / 退回）。
+   * @param reason 退回原因（退回时必填，需求 15.1）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回流转后的题目；非法目标/状态/输入时返回 `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async reviewQuestion(
+    questionId: string,
+    mentorId: string,
+    decision: ReviewDecision,
+    reason?: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<Question, ValidationError>> {
+    return this.practiceEngine.reviewQuestion(
+      questionId,
+      mentorId,
+      decision,
+      reason,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.2：成果点评（关联学习成果并对学生可见）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 导师对一条学习成果进行点评（需求 15.2）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验被点评的学习成果存在（经学习空间仓库查询）；不存在时拒绝点评、不创建
+   *    任何点评记录（数据保全），返回 `MentorError.achievementNotFound`。
+   * 2. 校验点评内容非空；为空时拒绝并返回 `MentorError.emptyComment`。
+   * 3. 将点评关联到该学习成果（`achievementId`）并对该成果所属学生可见
+   *    （`visibleToStudent` 恒为 true，需求 15.2），持久化后返回。
+   *
+   * @param mentorId 点评导师标识。
+   * @param achievementId 被点评的学习成果标识（需求 15.2：关联到该成果）。
+   * @param comment 点评内容。
+   * @returns 成功时返回对学生可见的点评记录；成果不存在或内容为空时返回 `MentorError`。
+   */
+  async addAchievementComment(
+    mentorId: string,
+    achievementId: string,
+    comment: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<AchievementComment, MentorError>> {
+    // 1. 校验被点评成果存在（需求 15.2：关联到该学习成果）。
+    const achievement = await this.learningSpace.findAchievement(achievementId);
+    if (!achievement) {
+      return err(MentorError.achievementNotFound(achievementId));
+    }
+
+    // 2. 校验点评内容非空。
+    const trimmed = (comment ?? '').trim();
+    if (trimmed === '') {
+      return err(MentorError.emptyComment(achievementId));
+    }
+
+    // 3. 关联到成果、对该学生可见（需求 15.2）。
+    const record: AchievementComment = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      achievementId: achievement.id,
+      studentId: achievement.studentId,
+      mentorId,
+      comment: trimmed,
+      visibleToStudent: true,
+      createdAt: this.clock.now(),
+    };
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveComment(record);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出某条学习成果的全部点评（需求 15.2）。
+   */
+  async listCommentsForAchievement(
+    achievementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    return this.repository.listCommentsByAchievement(achievementId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出对某学生可见的全部成果点评（需求 15.2）。
+   *
+   * 供学生端查看导师对其学习成果的点评（点评对学生可见，需求 15.2）。
+   */
+  async listVisibleCommentsForStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    return this.repository.listVisibleCommentsForStudent(studentId);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 需求 15.3、15.4：查看所带学生画像 / 越权拒绝并记录越权尝试
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 导师查看学生画像（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 带教关系校验（记录级访问控制）：
+   *    - 存在带教关系（`isMentorOf`）→ 允许查看（需求 15.3）：经
+   *      `ProfileEngineService.generateProfile()` 生成画像，适配为合规画像结构后经
+   *      `ConsentService.resolveProfileView()` 处理敏感字段（对未授权敏感字段脱敏，
+   *      需求 7.5），返回画像视图。
+   *    - 不存在带教关系 → 越权访问尝试（需求 15.4）：经
+   *      `ComplianceAccessService.recordDenial()` 记录一条拒绝事件（操作者、时间、
+   *      资源标识、拒绝原因，需求 17.3），返回 `MentorError.mentorshipDenied`，
+   *      不生成/不返回任何画像数据（保持资源不被访问）。
+   *
+   * 数据保全：越权分支不读取画像敏感字段、不返回画像，仅记录越权尝试并返回授权错误。
+   *
+   * @param mentorId 发起查看的导师标识（操作者，需求 17.3）。
+   * @param studentId 目标学生标识（资源标识，需求 17.3）。
+   * @param now 解析时刻（默认当前时间），用于授权有效期判定。
+   * @returns 存在带教关系时返回脱敏后的画像视图；否则返回 `MentorError.mentorshipDenied`。
+   */
+  async viewStudentProfile(
+    mentorId: string,
+    studentId: string,
+    now: Date = this.clock.now(),
+  ): Promise<Result<StudentProfileView, MentorError>> {
+    const viewer: User = { id: mentorId, role: Role.Mentor };
+    const resource: ProtectedResource = {
+      resourceType: ResourceType.StudentProfile,
+      identifier: studentId,
+      ownerId: studentId,
+    };
+
+    // 1. 带教关系校验（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+    const isMentor = await this.mentorships.isMentorOf(mentorId, studentId);
+    if (!isMentor) {
+      // 需求 15.4：非所带学生 → 合规模块拒绝并记录越权访问尝试。
+      const decision = await this.complianceAccess.recordDenial(
+        viewer,
+        resource,
+        Action.Read,
+      );
+      return err(
+        MentorError.mentorshipDenied(
+          mentorId,
+          studentId,
+          decision.denialEventId,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 存在带教关系：生成画像（需求 15.3）。
+    const profileResult = await this.profileEngine.generateProfile(studentId);
+    if (isErr(profileResult)) {
+      // 画像生成失败（系统级）：归类为校验前置失败处理，不返回画像。
+      // 复用合规越权记录之外的语义——此处直接以授权错误返回不合适，故按"成果不存在"
+      // 同类的前置失败返回。实践中 generateProfile 仅在缺少 studentId 时失败，
+      // 此处 studentId 已确保非空，主要为防御性分支。
+      return err(MentorError.achievementNotFound(studentId));
+    }
+
+    // 适配为合规画像结构并经授权脱敏（需求 7.5：对未授权敏感字段脱敏）。
+    const complianceProfile = this.toComplianceProfile(profileResult.value);
+    const view = await this.consent.resolveProfileView(
+      viewer,
+      complianceProfile,
+      Purpose.MentorReview,
+      now,
+    );
+    return ok(view);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出某导师所带的全部学生标识（需求 15.3）。
+   */
+  async listMentoredStudents(mentorId: string): Promise<string[]> {
+    return this.mentorships.listStudentsByMentor(mentorId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将学生画像引擎的画像适配为合规模块的画像结构（用于脱敏）。
+   *
+   * 学生画像引擎以"维度分值 + 可追溯来源 + 敏感标记"刻画画像；合规模块以"字段集合"
+   * 进行按类别脱敏。本方法将每个画像维度投影为一个画像字段：
+   * - `key`：`dimension.<维度>`。
+   * - `value`：该维度分值（数值或"数据不足"标记）。
+   * - `sensitive` / `category`：沿用画像维度的敏感标记与类别（需求 7.1）——使敏感维度
+   *   （如临床技能=健康与医疗记录）在非本人访问且未授权时被脱敏（需求 7.5）。
+   */
+  private toComplianceProfile(
+    profile: EngineStudentProfile,
+  ): ComplianceStudentProfile {
+    const fields: ProfileField[] = profile.dimensions.map(
+      (dimension: ProfileDimensionScore) => ({
+        key: `dimension.${dimension.dimension}`,
+        value: dimension.score,
+        sensitive: dimension.sensitive,
+        ...(dimension.sensitiveCategory != null
+          ? { category: dimension.sensitiveCategory }
+          : {}),
+      }),
+    );
+    return {
+      studentId: profile.studentId,
+      fields,
+      generatedAt: profile.generatedAt,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/mentor.types.ts b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0949a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/mentor.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/**
+ * 导师端（Mentor 视图，跨模块）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 15（导师端与教学问责），对应 design.md 组件 12「导师端」。导师端是一个
+ * **跨模块的集成视图**，本身不重复实现底层能力，而是编排复用既有模块：
+ * - 需求 15.1 题目审核：复用课程对练引擎 `PracticeEngineService.reviewQuestion()`
+ *   （任务 7.2），导师端仅作转发（见 `mentor.service.ts`）。
+ * - 需求 15.2 成果点评：将导师点评关联到具体学习成果并对该学生可见——本文件定义
+ *   `AchievementComment` 模型与点评持久化抽象 `MentorRepository`。
+ * - 需求 15.3 查看所带学生画像：在导师与学生存在**带教关系**时允许查看其画像——本
+ *   文件定义带教关系登记/查询抽象 `MentorshipRepository`。
+ * - 需求 15.4 越权拒绝：导师查看非所带学生画像时由合规模块拒绝并记录越权尝试
+ *   （见 `mentor.service.ts` 调用 `ComplianceAccessService.recordDenial()`）。
+ *
+ * 设计风格与其余模块一致：领域模型 + 仓库接口 + DI 令牌 + 计时时钟抽象，默认绑定
+ * 内存实现，可在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时替换为 TypeORM 实现而业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 学习成果点评（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 导师对某条学习成果的点评，关联到具体学习成果（`achievementId`），并对该成果所属
+ * 学生可见（`visibleToStudent` 恒为 `true`，需求 15.2）。`studentId` 取自被点评成果
+ * 的归属学生，用于"对该学生可见"的查询过滤。
+ */
+export interface AchievementComment {
+  /** 点评唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 被点评的学习成果标识（需求 15.2：关联到该学习成果）。 */
+  achievementId: string;
+  /** 被点评成果所属学生标识（需求 15.2：对该学生可见）。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 点评导师标识。 */
+  mentorId: string;
+  /** 点评内容。 */
+  comment: string;
+  /** 是否对该学生可见（恒为 true，需求 15.2）。 */
+  visibleToStudent: boolean;
+  /** 点评创建时间。 */
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 导师端点评持久化抽象（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 负责学习成果点评（`AchievementComment`）的持久化与按成果/按学生的可见性查询。
+ * 通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于
+ * 测试与默认装配。
+ */
+export interface MentorRepository {
+  /** 持久化一条学习成果点评（需求 15.2）。 */
+  saveComment(comment: AchievementComment): Promise<AchievementComment>;
+  /** 按学习成果列出其全部点评（需求 15.2）。 */
+  listCommentsByAchievement(
+    achievementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]>;
+  /** 列出对某学生可见的全部成果点评（需求 15.2）。 */
+  listVisibleCommentsForStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]>;
+}
+
+/** 导师端点评持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const MENTOR_REPOSITORY = Symbol('MENTOR_REPOSITORY');
+
+/**
+ * 带教关系（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 表示一条导师 → 学生的带教关系。导师端据此判定某导师是否有权查看某学生的画像：
+ * 存在带教关系时允许（需求 15.3），不存在时视为越权访问尝试（需求 15.4）。
+ */
+export interface MentorshipRelation {
+  /** 导师标识。 */
+  mentorId: string;
+  /** 所带学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 带教关系登记/查询抽象（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 维护导师与所带学生之间的带教关系，作为导师端记录级访问控制（带教关系校验）的依据：
+ * - `isMentorOf()`：判定导师与学生是否存在带教关系（需求 15.3 允许 / 需求 15.4 拒绝
+ *   的判定核心）。
+ * - `listStudentsByMentor()`：列出某导师所带的全部学生（供导师端学生列表呈现）。
+ * - `addMentorship()` / `removeMentorship()`：登记/解除带教关系（供运营配置与测试装配）。
+ *
+ * 通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于
+ * 测试与默认装配。
+ */
+export interface MentorshipRepository {
+  /** 判定导师与学生是否存在带教关系（需求 15.3、15.4）。 */
+  isMentorOf(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<boolean>;
+  /** 列出某导师所带的全部学生标识。 */
+  listStudentsByMentor(mentorId: string): Promise<string[]>;
+  /** 登记一条带教关系（幂等：重复登记不产生重复记录）。 */
+  addMentorship(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<void>;
+  /** 解除一条带教关系（不存在时为无操作）。 */
+  removeMentorship(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+/** 带教关系仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY = Symbol('MENTORSHIP_REPOSITORY');
+
+/**
+ * 导师端计时时钟抽象。
+ *
+ * 将"当前时间"与系统时钟解耦，使点评时间戳在测试中可控，业务代码通过 `MENTOR_CLOCK`
+ * 令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface MentorClock {
+  /** 返回当前时间。 */
+  now(): Date;
+}
+
+/** 导师端计时时钟的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const MENTOR_CLOCK = Symbol('MENTOR_CLOCK');
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/repositories/in-memory-mentor.repository.ts b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/in-memory-mentor.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2766a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/in-memory-mentor.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AchievementComment, MentorRepository } from '../mentor.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版导师端点评仓库（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、其余模块内存仓库风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，作为默认
+ * 装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（Date），避免外部引用篡改内部状态。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryMentorRepository implements MentorRepository {
+  private readonly comments = new Map<string, AchievementComment>();
+
+  async saveComment(
+    comment: AchievementComment,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment> {
+    const stored = this.cloneComment(comment);
+    this.comments.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneComment(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listCommentsByAchievement(
+    achievementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    return [...this.comments.values()]
+      .filter((c) => c.achievementId === achievementId)
+      .map((c) => this.cloneComment(c));
+  }
+
+  async listVisibleCommentsForStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    return [...this.comments.values()]
+      .filter((c) => c.studentId === studentId && c.visibleToStudent)
+      .map((c) => this.cloneComment(c));
+  }
+
+  private cloneComment(comment: AchievementComment): AchievementComment {
+    return {
+      ...comment,
+      createdAt: new Date(comment.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/repositories/in-memory-mentorship.repository.ts b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/in-memory-mentorship.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47eb6ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/in-memory-mentorship.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { MentorshipRepository } from '../mentor.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版带教关系仓库（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 维护导师 → 所带学生集合的映射，作为导师端记录级访问控制（带教关系校验）的依据。
+ * 与其余模块内存仓库风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，作为默认装配与测试替身。
+ * 真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 不变量：带教关系登记幂等（同一 (导师, 学生) 不产生重复记录）；查询返回内部集合的
+ * 拷贝，避免外部引用篡改内部状态。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryMentorshipRepository implements MentorshipRepository {
+  /** 导师标识 → 所带学生标识集合。 */
+  private readonly mentorToStudents = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+
+  async isMentorOf(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.mentorToStudents.get(mentorId)?.has(studentId) ?? false;
+  }
+
+  async listStudentsByMentor(mentorId: string): Promise<string[]> {
+    const students = this.mentorToStudents.get(mentorId);
+    return students ? [...students] : [];
+  }
+
+  async addMentorship(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const students = this.mentorToStudents.get(mentorId) ?? new Set<string>();
+    students.add(studentId);
+    this.mentorToStudents.set(mentorId, students);
+  }
+
+  async removeMentorship(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const students = this.mentorToStudents.get(mentorId);
+    if (!students) {
+      return;
+    }
+    students.delete(studentId);
+    if (students.size === 0) {
+      this.mentorToStudents.delete(mentorId);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/repositories/typeorm-mentor.repository.ts b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/typeorm-mentor.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1492c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/typeorm-mentor.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { AchievementComment, MentorRepository } from '../mentor.types';
+import { AchievementCommentEntity } from '../entities/achievement-comment.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的导师端点评仓库实现（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现学习成果点评的持久化与按成果/按学生的
+ * 可见性查询。与内存实现共享 `MentorRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均重建可变字段（`createdAt` 重建为 `Date`），避免外部
+ * 引用篡改内部状态，并保证读出的时间为真正的 `Date` 实例。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmMentorRepository implements MentorRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(AchievementCommentEntity)
+    private readonly commentRepo: Repository<AchievementCommentEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveComment(
+    comment: AchievementComment,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment> {
+    const entity = this.commentRepo.create({
+      id: comment.id,
+      achievementId: comment.achievementId,
+      studentId: comment.studentId,
+      mentorId: comment.mentorId,
+      comment: comment.comment,
+      visibleToStudent: comment.visibleToStudent,
+      createdAt: new Date(comment.createdAt),
+    });
+    const saved = await this.commentRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toComment(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listCommentsByAchievement(
+    achievementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    const all = await this.commentRepo.find({ where: { achievementId } });
+    return all.map((c) => this.toComment(c));
+  }
+
+  async listVisibleCommentsForStudent(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<AchievementComment[]> {
+    const all = await this.commentRepo.find({
+      where: { studentId, visibleToStudent: true },
+    });
+    return all.map((c) => this.toComment(c));
+  }
+
+  private toComment(entity: AchievementCommentEntity): AchievementComment {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      achievementId: entity.achievementId,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      mentorId: entity.mentorId,
+      comment: entity.comment,
+      visibleToStudent: entity.visibleToStudent,
+      createdAt: new Date(entity.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/repositories/typeorm-mentorship.repository.ts b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/typeorm-mentorship.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c55de65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/repositories/typeorm-mentorship.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { MentorshipRepository } from '../mentor.types';
+import { MentorshipRelationEntity } from '../entities/mentorship-relation.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的带教关系仓库实现（需求 15.3、15.4）。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，维护导师 → 学生的带教关系，作为导师端记录级
+ * 访问控制（带教关系校验）的依据。与内存实现共享 `MentorshipRepository` 接口，可在
+ * 装配层互换。
+ *
+ * 不变量：一条关系由复合主键 `(mentorId, studentId)` 唯一标识，故 `addMentorship`
+ * 以 `save` 同一对实现幂等 upsert（重复登记不产生重复记录），`removeMentorship` 按该
+ * 对删除且不存在时为无操作。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmMentorshipRepository implements MentorshipRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(MentorshipRelationEntity)
+    private readonly relationRepo: Repository<MentorshipRelationEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async isMentorOf(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const count = await this.relationRepo.count({
+      where: { mentorId, studentId },
+    });
+    return count > 0;
+  }
+
+  async listStudentsByMentor(mentorId: string): Promise<string[]> {
+    const relations = await this.relationRepo.find({ where: { mentorId } });
+    return relations.map((r) => r.studentId);
+  }
+
+  async addMentorship(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const entity = this.relationRepo.create({ mentorId, studentId });
+    await this.relationRepo.save(entity);
+  }
+
+  async removeMentorship(mentorId: string, studentId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.relationRepo.delete({ mentorId, studentId });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mentor/system-mentor-clock.ts b/src/modules/mentor/system-mentor-clock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c3e79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/mentor/system-mentor-clock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { MentorClock } from './mentor.types';
+
+/**
+ * 系统时钟实现（需求 15.2）。
+ *
+ * 默认的 `MentorClock` 实现，直接读取系统时间，用于学习成果点评（需求 15.2）的
+ * 时间戳。测试可注入可控时钟替代本实现，通过 `MENTOR_CLOCK` 令牌注入，业务代码
+ * 无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemMentorClock implements MentorClock {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/practice-report.entity.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/practice-report.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ce1a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/practice-report.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyTagBreakdown,
+  PracticeImprovementSuggestion,
+  WeakArea,
+} from '../practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 对练报告持久化实体（需求 4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 表示一次对练结束后生成的结果诊断：含正确率、总用时、各能力标签作答统计、
+ * 薄弱环节（正确率 < 60%）与针对薄弱环节的改进建议（附 0%-100% 可信度标注）。
+ *
+ * 按会话与学生查询，故 `sessionId` / `studentId` 建立索引；`sessionId` 另设唯一索引
+ * （一个会话至多一份报告，配合 `findReportBySession`）。
+ *
+ * 列设计：
+ * - `tagBreakdown` / `weakAreas` / `competencyMappingIds`：随报告整体读写的嵌套数组，
+ *   以 JSONB 存储。
+ * - `suggestions`：每条含嵌套 `CredibilityAnnotation`（其 `sources` 为来源引用数组）与
+ *   `competencyTagIds` 数组，整体以 JSONB 存储，避免为深层嵌套结构引入联表。
+ * - 计数与百分比（`totalQuestions`/`correctCount`/`incorrectCount` 为 int，
+ *   `accuracy`/`totalTimeSeconds` 为 real）。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'practice_reports' })
+export class PracticeReportEntity {
+  /** 报告唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 对应会话标识（一个会话至多一份报告，需求 4.5）。 */
+  @Index({ unique: true })
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  sessionId!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 题目来源课程标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  courseId!: string;
+
+  /** 本次对练题目总数。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'int' })
+  totalQuestions!: number;
+
+  /** 作答正确题目数。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'int' })
+  correctCount!: number;
+
+  /** 作答错误题目数（含超时判错，需求 4.4）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'int' })
+  incorrectCount!: number;
+
+  /** 正确率（0-100，百分比，需求 4.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'real' })
+  accuracy!: number;
+
+  /** 总用时（秒，需求 4.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'real' })
+  totalTimeSeconds!: number;
+
+  /** 各能力标签作答统计（全部标签，需求 4.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  tagBreakdown!: CompetencyTagBreakdown[];
+
+  /** 薄弱环节列表（正确率 < 60% 的能力标签，需求 4.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  weakAreas!: WeakArea[];
+
+  /** 针对各薄弱环节的改进建议（含可信度标注，需求 4.7、4.8）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  suggestions!: PracticeImprovementSuggestion[];
+
+  /** 成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 4.6）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  competencyMappingIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 报告生成时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  generatedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/practice-session.entity.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/practice-session.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c157b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/practice-session.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  PracticeAnswerRecord,
+  PracticeSessionStatus,
+} from '../practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 对练会话持久化实体（需求 4.1、4.2）。
+ *
+ * 表示一名学生针对某课程发起的模拟对练：按 `questionIds` 顺序逐题呈现，
+ * `currentIndex` 指向当前待作答题目，`answers` 累积逐题判定结果。
+ *
+ * 按学生与课程查询，故 `studentId` / `courseId` 建立索引。
+ *
+ * 列设计：
+ * - `questionIds`（题目标识有序数组）、`answers`（逐题作答记录数组，含 Date 字段）、
+ *   `presentedAt`（题目标识 → 呈现时间的映射对象）均以 JSONB 存储——它们是随会话
+ *   整体读写的嵌套结构，无需独立查询。其中的 Date（`answers[].answeredAt`、
+ *   `presentedAt` 各值）经 JSONB 序列化为字符串，读出时在仓库映射方法中重建为 `Date`。
+ * - `currentIndex` 为下标，以 int 存储。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'practice_sessions' })
+export class PracticeSessionEntity {
+  /** 会话唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 题目来源课程标识（题集标识）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  courseId!: string;
+
+  /** 按呈现顺序排列的题目标识集合（1-50 道，需求 4.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  questionIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 当前待作答题目在 `questionIds` 中的下标（逐题推进，需求 4.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'int', default: 0 })
+  currentIndex!: number;
+
+  /** 各题作答记录（按判定顺序，需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  answers!: PracticeAnswerRecord[];
+
+  /**
+   * 各题呈现时间，按题目标识索引（需求 4.4 计时基准）。
+   * 以 JSONB 存储；各值经序列化为字符串，读出时重建为 `Date`。
+   */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'{}'" })
+  presentedAt!: Record<string, Date>;
+
+  /** 会话状态。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  status!: PracticeSessionStatus;
+
+  /** 会话开始时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  startedAt!: Date;
+
+  /** 会话结束时间（结束后存在，需求 4.5）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz', nullable: true })
+  finishedAt?: Date | null;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/question-generation-rejection.entity.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/question-generation-rejection.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7644816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/question-generation-rejection.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { QuestionType } from '../practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 题目生成拒绝记录持久化实体（需求 3.8）。
+ *
+ * 当一道生成的候选题目无法绑定任何权威知识源时，课程对练引擎不发布该题目、
+ * 不置于"待导师审核"，仅记录本拒绝记录（承载来源主题、题型与稳定原因码）供审计与追溯。
+ *
+ * 按课程查询拒绝记录，故 `courseId` 建立索引；`studentId` 同样建立索引以便按学生追溯。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'practice_question_rejections' })
+export class QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity {
+  /** 拒绝记录唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 所属课程标识（按课程查询，需求 3.8）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  courseId!: string;
+
+  /** 发起对练的学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 被拒绝候选题目的来源课程主题标识。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  topicId!: string;
+
+  /** 被拒绝候选题目的题型。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  type!: QuestionType;
+
+  /** 稳定的拒绝原因码（需求 3.8）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  code!: string;
+
+  /** 可读的拒绝原因（需求 3.8）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  reason!: string;
+
+  /** 拒绝时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  rejectedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/question.entity.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/question.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86b7a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/entities/question.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSourceRef,
+  QuestionOption,
+  QuestionReview,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  QuestionType,
+} from '../practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 题目持久化实体（需求 3）。
+ *
+ * 表示课程对练引擎生成、绑定 ≥1 权威知识源（需求 3.2）、置于"待导师审核"
+ * （需求 3.4）的一道练习题。按课程发起对练查询，故 `courseId` 建立索引；
+ * `studentId` 同样建立索引以便按学生追溯。
+ *
+ * 列设计：
+ * - `type` / `status`：题型与状态枚举以 varchar 存储（与 learning-space 的
+ *   `type` 列一致）。
+ * - `stem` / `answer` / `explanation`：变长文本以 text 存储（题干与答案长度不定，
+ *   病例分析/临床决策的答案为要点文本）。
+ * - `options`（选择题选项数组，可缺省）、`authoritativeSources`（权威源引用数组）、
+ *   `competencyTagIds`（能力标签数组）、`review`（审核记录嵌套对象，可缺省）以
+ *   JSONB 存储——它们是无需独立查询的嵌套结构/数组，整体随题目读写最自然，
+ *   避免为一对多关系引入额外联表。`review` 内的 `reviewedAt` 经 JSONB 序列化为字符串，
+ *   读出时在仓库 `toQuestion()` 中重建为 `Date`。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'practice_questions' })
+export class QuestionEntity {
+  /** 题目唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 所属课程标识（按课程查询/发起对练，需求 3.1、4.1）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  courseId!: string;
+
+  /** 发起对练的学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 来源课程主题标识（供溯源与能力标签映射）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  topicId!: string;
+
+  /** 题型（需求 3.3）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  type!: QuestionType;
+
+  /** 题干。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  stem!: string;
+
+  /** 选项（选择题题型提供；病例分析题为 null）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', nullable: true })
+  options?: QuestionOption[] | null;
+
+  /** 标准答案（选择题为选项 key；病例分析/临床决策为要点文本）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  answer!: string;
+
+  /** 解析说明（可选）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  explanation?: string | null;
+
+  /** 绑定的权威知识源引用（≥1 条，记录引用标识，需求 3.2）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  authoritativeSources!: AuthoritativeSourceRef[];
+
+  /** 关联的能力标签标识（供对练报告映射能力图谱，需求 4.6）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  competencyTagIds!: string[];
+
+  /** 题目状态（生成后为待导师审核，需求 3.4）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  status!: QuestionStatus;
+
+  /** 生成时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  generatedAt!: Date;
+
+  /**
+   * 审核记录（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+   *
+   * 仅在题目经导师审核后存在；尚未审核为 null。其 `reviewedAt` 以 JSONB 序列化存储，
+   * 读出时在仓库映射方法中重建为 `Date`。
+   */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', nullable: true })
+  review?: QuestionReview | null;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/index.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef8967b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+export * from './practice-engine.types';
+export * from './practice-engine.dto';
+export * from './mock-course-content.provider';
+export * from './system-practice-clock';
+export * from './practice-engine.service';
+export * from './practice-engine.controller';
+export * from './practice-engine.module';
+export * from './entities/question.entity';
+export * from './entities/question-generation-rejection.entity';
+export * from './entities/practice-session.entity';
+export * from './entities/practice-report.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-practice-engine.repository';
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/mock-course-content.provider.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/mock-course-content.provider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6ce42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/mock-course-content.provider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSource,
+  AuthoritativeSourceType,
+  CourseContent,
+  CourseContentProvider,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * Mock 课程内容与权威知识源提供方（需求 3.1、3.2、3.7、3.8）。
+ *
+ * 内存可配置实现：用于测试与本地开发，替代真实教务系统与权威知识源库。
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器（MockAIGateway / MockReferenceSourceAdapter）风格一致：
+ * - `setCourseContent`：登记一门课程的内容（含主题与各主题可绑定的权威源标识）。
+ * - `registerAuthoritativeSource`：登记一个权威知识源（含引用标识）。
+ * - `setSourceUnavailable` / `setSourceAvailable`：模拟权威知识源不可用，驱动
+ *   "无法绑定任何权威知识源 → 拒绝题目"的失败路径（需求 3.8）。
+ *
+ * 解析约定（`getAuthoritativeSources`）：仅返回当前**可用且已登记**的来源；
+ * 不可用或未登记的标识被剔除，从而当某主题全部来源不可用时返回空数组（需求 3.8）。
+ *
+ * 后续接入真实权威知识源库时，可由对接其 API 的适配器替换本实现，通过
+ * `COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MockCourseContentProvider implements CourseContentProvider {
+  /** 已登记课程内容，按 courseId 索引。 */
+  private readonly courses = new Map<string, CourseContent>();
+  /** 已登记权威知识源，按 sourceId 索引。 */
+  private readonly sources = new Map<string, AuthoritativeSource>();
+  /** 标记为不可用的权威知识源 id 集合；不在其中的已登记来源视为可用。 */
+  private readonly unavailableSources = new Set<string>();
+
+  /** 登记（或覆盖）一门课程的内容。 */
+  setCourseContent(content: CourseContent): void {
+    this.courses.set(content.courseId, this.cloneContent(content));
+  }
+
+  /** 移除一门课程内容（模拟课程不存在，需求 3.7）。 */
+  removeCourseContent(courseId: string): void {
+    this.courses.delete(courseId);
+  }
+
+  /** 登记（或覆盖）一个权威知识源（含引用标识，需求 3.2）。 */
+  registerAuthoritativeSource(source: AuthoritativeSource): void {
+    this.sources.set(source.id, { ...source });
+  }
+
+  /** 标记一个权威知识源不可用（模拟来源缺失，需求 3.8）。 */
+  setSourceUnavailable(sourceId: string): void {
+    this.unavailableSources.add(sourceId);
+  }
+
+  /** 标记一个权威知识源恢复可用。 */
+  setSourceAvailable(sourceId: string): void {
+    this.unavailableSources.delete(sourceId);
+  }
+
+  /** 重置全部已登记内容与可用性配置。 */
+  reset(): void {
+    this.courses.clear();
+    this.sources.clear();
+    this.unavailableSources.clear();
+  }
+
+  async getCourseContent(courseId: string): Promise<CourseContent | null> {
+    const found = this.courses.get(courseId);
+    return found ? this.cloneContent(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async getAuthoritativeSources(
+    sourceIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<AuthoritativeSource[]> {
+    const resolved: AuthoritativeSource[] = [];
+    for (const id of sourceIds ?? []) {
+      const source = this.sources.get(id);
+      if (source && !this.unavailableSources.has(id)) {
+        resolved.push({ ...source });
+      }
+    }
+    return resolved;
+  }
+
+  private cloneContent(content: CourseContent): CourseContent {
+    return {
+      ...content,
+      topics: content.topics.map((t) => ({
+        ...t,
+        authoritativeSourceIds: [...t.authoritativeSourceIds],
+        competencyTagIds: t.competencyTagIds ? [...t.competencyTagIds] : undefined,
+      })),
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一组默认权威知识源（教材、临床指南、官方题库），便于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 每个来源都带引用标识（需求 3.2）。返回数组而非直接登记，调用方按需登记。
+ */
+export function buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources(): AuthoritativeSource[] {
+  return [
+    {
+      id: 'src.textbook.internal-medicine',
+      title: '《内科学》（第 9 版）',
+      citation: 'ISBN-978-7-117-26644-8 §心血管',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.Textbook,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'src.guideline.hypertension',
+      title: '中国高血压防治指南（2018 修订版）',
+      citation: 'GUIDE-HTN-2018',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.ClinicalGuideline,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'src.qbank.nmle',
+      title: '国家医师资格考试官方题库',
+      citation: 'NMLE-QB-2024-001',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.OfficialQuestionBank,
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构造一门默认课程内容（绑定默认权威知识源），便于本地与真实联调直接发起对练。
+ *
+ * 课程 id：`course.internal-medicine-101`。包含两个主题，各绑定可用的权威知识源并
+ * 关联能力图谱标签，使生成的题目可绑定权威源（需求 3.2）并在审核通过后进入对练。
+ */
+export function buildDefaultCourseContent(): CourseContent {
+  const sources = buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources();
+  return {
+    courseId: 'course.internal-medicine-101',
+    title: '内科学（心血管系统）',
+    topics: [
+      {
+        id: 'topic.hypertension',
+        title: '高血压的诊断与治疗',
+        summary:
+          '原发性高血压的分级、危险分层、生活方式干预与药物治疗原则（参照中国高血压防治指南）。',
+        authoritativeSourceIds: [
+          'src.textbook.internal-medicine',
+          'src.guideline.hypertension',
+        ],
+        competencyTagIds: ['tag.knowledge.clinical', 'tag.clinical.decision'],
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'topic.chest-pain',
+        title: '胸痛的鉴别诊断',
+        summary:
+          '急性胸痛的常见病因、危险征象识别与初步处理思路（参照内科学教材与官方题库）。',
+        authoritativeSourceIds: [
+          'src.textbook.internal-medicine',
+          'src.qbank.nmle',
+        ],
+        competencyTagIds: ['tag.knowledge.clinical', 'tag.clinical.history-taking'],
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.controller.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae3c7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { ReviewQuestionDto, SubmitAnswerDto } from './practice-engine.dto';
+import { PracticeEngineService } from './practice-engine.service';
+import {
+  AnswerResult,
+  PracticeReport,
+  PracticeSession,
+  Question,
+  QuestionGenerationOutcome,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎 HTTP 接口（`/api/practice`，需求 3、4）。
+ *
+ * 角色划分（粗粒度，配合全局 `RolesGuard`）：
+ * - 学生（`Role.Student`）：发起题目生成、查看可用题目、发起/作答/结束对练。所有
+ *   面向学生本人的端点其归属学生取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受请求体/
+ *   路径中的 studentId，避免越权操作他人数据（学生角色的 `id` 即 `studentId`）。
+ * - 导师（`Role.Mentor`）：审核题目（通过/退回，需求 3.5、3.6、15.1），审核导师标识
+ *   取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser().id`）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `POST /api/practice/courses/:courseId/questions`：生成题目（学生，需求 3）。
+ * - `POST /api/practice/questions/:questionId/review`：审核题目（导师，需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+ * - `GET  /api/practice/courses/:courseId/available-questions`：列出可用题目（学生，需求 3.4、3.6）。
+ * - `POST /api/practice/courses/:courseId/sessions`：发起对练（学生，需求 4.1）。
+ * - `POST /api/practice/sessions/:sessionId/answers`：提交作答（学生，需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。
+ * - `POST /api/practice/sessions/:sessionId/finish`：结束对练并生成报告（学生，需求 4.5-4.8）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应（如生成失败 → 5xx、
+ * 校验/状态错误 → 4xx）。
+ */
+@Controller('api/practice')
+export class PracticeEngineController {
+  constructor(private readonly practice: PracticeEngineService) {}
+
+  /** 基于所选课程内容生成练习题（学生本人，需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.7、3.8）。 */
+  @Post('courses/:courseId/questions')
+  @Roles(Role.Student)
+  async generateQuestions(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('courseId') courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationOutcome> {
+    const result = await this.practice.generateQuestions(courseId, user.id);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 导师审核一道题目，驱动审核状态机流转（导师，需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。 */
+  @Post('questions/:questionId/review')
+  @Roles(Role.Mentor)
+  async reviewQuestion(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('questionId') questionId: string,
+    @Body() dto: ReviewQuestionDto,
+  ): Promise<Question> {
+    const result = await this.practice.reviewQuestion(
+      questionId,
+      user.id,
+      dto.decision,
+      dto.reason,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 列出某课程中可向学生发布、可进入对练的题目（学生，需求 3.4、3.6）。 */
+  @Get('courses/:courseId/available-questions')
+  @Roles(Role.Student)
+  async listAvailableQuestions(
+    @Param('courseId') courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<Question[]> {
+    return this.practice.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+  }
+
+  /** 发起一次对练，按顺序逐题呈现题目（学生本人，需求 4.1）。 */
+  @Post('courses/:courseId/sessions')
+  @Roles(Role.Student)
+  async startPractice(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('courseId') courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<PracticeSession> {
+    const result = await this.practice.startPractice(user.id, courseId);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 采集并判定当前题目的作答，逐题推进（学生，需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。 */
+  @Post('sessions/:sessionId/answers')
+  @Roles(Role.Student)
+  async submitAnswer(
+    @Param('sessionId') sessionId: string,
+    @Body() dto: SubmitAnswerDto,
+  ): Promise<AnswerResult> {
+    const result = await this.practice.submitAnswer(
+      sessionId,
+      dto.questionId,
+      dto.answer,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 结束一次对练并生成对练报告（学生，需求 4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8）。 */
+  @Post('sessions/:sessionId/finish')
+  @Roles(Role.Student)
+  async finishPractice(
+    @Param('sessionId') sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<PracticeReport> {
+    const result = await this.practice.finishPractice(sessionId);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.dto.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..718e0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { IsEnum, IsOptional, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
+
+import { ReviewDecision } from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎 HTTP 请求体 DTO（需求 3、4）。
+ *
+ * 与 learning-space 的 DTO 约定一致：使用 class-validator 装饰器在全局
+ * `ValidationPipe`（whitelist + transform）下完成请求体校验；路径参数（courseId /
+ * questionId / sessionId）以普通 `@Param` 字符串接收，不在此声明。归属学生由认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`）决定，不在请求体中传 studentId（防越权）。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 导师审核题目请求体（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+ *
+ * `decision` 取 `ReviewDecision` 枚举（approve / return）。退回（return）时应提供
+ * `reason`（退回原因，需求 3.5）；服务层会对缺少原因的退回返回校验错误。
+ * 审核导师标识取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser().id`），不在请求体中传 mentorId。
+ */
+export class ReviewQuestionDto {
+  @IsEnum(ReviewDecision)
+  decision!: ReviewDecision;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(1000)
+  reason?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 提交作答请求体（需求 4.2、4.3）。
+ *
+ * `questionId` 须为当前应作答题目（服务层逐题顺序校验，需求 4.1）；`answer` 为学生
+ * 本题作答（选择题为选项 key，病例分析/临床决策为要点文本）。会话标识由路径参数提供。
+ */
+export class SubmitAnswerDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(256)
+  questionId!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(4000)
+  answer!: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78e1a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+import { MockCourseContentProvider } from './mock-course-content.provider';
+import { AuthoritativeSourceType } from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 3、4）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生生成题目 → 导师审核通过 → 学生查看可用题目 → 发起对练 → 作答 → 结束生成报告
+ *   全流程（需求 3.1-3.6、4.1-4.8）。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 角色守卫：非学生发起生成被拒、非导师审核被拒（403）。
+ *
+ * 题目生成依赖课程内容；默认 `MockCourseContentProvider` 为空，故先经其登记一门课程
+ * 与一个权威知识源以构造干净的 happy-path（与 mock 适配器可配置风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('PracticeEngine E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+  let courseProvider: MockCourseContentProvider;
+
+  const COURSE_ID = 'course.e2e.practice';
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+
+    // 登记一门课程与一个权威知识源，使题目生成可产出可发布题目（需求 3.1、3.2）。
+    courseProvider = app.get(MockCourseContentProvider);
+    courseProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource({
+      id: 'src.e2e.textbook',
+      title: '《内科学》（测试）',
+      citation: 'ISBN-TEST §1',
+      type: AuthoritativeSourceType.Textbook,
+    });
+    courseProvider.setCourseContent({
+      courseId: COURSE_ID,
+      title: '心血管系统（测试课程）',
+      topics: [
+        {
+          id: 'topic.e2e.1',
+          title: '高血压',
+          summary: '高血压的诊断与治疗要点。',
+          authoritativeSourceIds: ['src.e2e.textbook'],
+          competencyTagIds: [],
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `u_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('生成题目 → 导师审核通过 → 可用题目 → 对练 → 作答 → 结束报告全流程', async () => {
+    const studentToken = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+
+    // 学生发起题目生成（需求 3.1、3.2、3.3）。
+    const genRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/practice/courses/${COURSE_ID}/questions`,
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(genRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const outcome = await genRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(outcome.questions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(outcome.questions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(5);
+    const questionId = outcome.questions[0].id;
+
+    // 导师审核通过该题（需求 3.6、15.1）。
+    const reviewRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/practice/questions/${questionId}/review`,
+      { decision: 'approve' },
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(reviewRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const reviewed = await reviewRes.json();
+    expect(reviewed.status).toBe('available');
+
+    // 学生查看可用题目（需求 3.4、3.6）。
+    const availRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      `/api/practice/courses/${COURSE_ID}/available-questions`,
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(availRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const available = await availRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(available)).toBe(true);
+    expect(available.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // 学生发起对练（需求 4.1）。
+    const startRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/practice/courses/${COURSE_ID}/sessions`,
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(startRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const session = await startRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(session.questionIds)).toBe(true);
+    expect(session.questionIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const sessionId = session.id;
+    const firstQuestionId = session.questionIds[0];
+
+    // 学生提交当前题目作答（需求 4.2、4.3）。
+    const answerRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/practice/sessions/${sessionId}/answers`,
+      { questionId: firstQuestionId, answer: 'A' },
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(answerRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const answerResult = await answerRes.json();
+    expect(answerResult.sessionId).toBe(sessionId);
+    expect(typeof answerResult.correct).toBe('boolean');
+
+    // 学生结束对练并生成报告（需求 4.5-4.8）。
+    const finishRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/practice/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`,
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(finishRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const report = await finishRes.json();
+    expect(report.sessionId).toBe(sessionId);
+    expect(report.accuracy).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(report.accuracy).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      `/api/practice/courses/${COURSE_ID}/available-questions`,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色发起题目生成被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      `/api/practice/courses/${COURSE_ID}/questions`,
+      undefined,
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('非导师角色审核题目被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const studentToken = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/practice/questions/any-question/review',
+      { decision: 'approve' },
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('课程内容缺失时生成失败（5xx，需求 3.7）', async () => {
+    const studentToken = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/practice/courses/course.does-not-exist/questions',
+      undefined,
+      studentToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(500);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.module.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4322f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import { Module, type OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AIEvaluationModule } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+
+import { PracticeReportEntity } from './entities/practice-report.entity';
+import { PracticeSessionEntity } from './entities/practice-session.entity';
+import { QuestionEntity } from './entities/question.entity';
+import { QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity } from './entities/question-generation-rejection.entity';
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  buildDefaultCourseContent,
+  MockCourseContentProvider,
+} from './mock-course-content.provider';
+import { PracticeEngineController } from './practice-engine.controller';
+import { PracticeEngineService } from './practice-engine.service';
+import { SystemPracticeClock } from './system-practice-clock';
+import {
+  COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER,
+  PRACTICE_CLOCK,
+  PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+import { InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository';
+import { TypeOrmPracticeEngineRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-practice-engine.repository';
+
+/** 课程对练引擎持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const PRACTICE_ENGINE_ENTITIES = [
+  QuestionEntity,
+  QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity,
+  PracticeSessionEntity,
+  PracticeReportEntity,
+];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 3、4 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现
+ * （供测试与本地默认装配，无需数据库）。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmPracticeEngineRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository,
+      {
+        provide: PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎模块（需求 3、需求 4，对应 design.md 组件 3「课程对练引擎」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现：
+ * - 任务 7.1：题目生成与权威源绑定（`PracticeEngineService.generateQuestions()`，
+ *   需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.7、3.8）。
+ * - 任务 7.2：题目审核状态机（`reviewQuestion()` / `listAvailableQuestions()`，
+ *   需求 3.4-3.6、15.1）。
+ * - 任务 7.3：模拟对练与结果诊断（`startPractice()` / `submitAnswer()` /
+ *   `finishPractice()`，需求 4）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `AIGatewayModule`：经统一 AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY` 令牌）辅助生成题目内容
+ *   （design.md：所有大模型调用统一经 AI 网关）。
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`：经 `CompetencyMappingService` 将对练成绩按能力标签
+ *   映射到能力图谱（需求 4.6），经 `CompetencyTagService` 解析与校验能力标签。
+ * - `AIEvaluationModule`：经 `AIEvaluationService.generateImprovementSuggestions()`
+ *   针对每个薄弱环节生成改进建议并附可信度标注（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行
+ * （与脚手架中 mock 适配器、其余底座模块风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 课程内容与权威知识源提供方 `COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER`：默认绑定内存可配置 mock 实现
+ * （`MockCourseContentProvider`），后续可替换为对接真实教务/权威知识源库的适配器，
+ * 通过令牌注入无需改动业务代码。
+ *
+ * 对练计时时钟 `PRACTICE_CLOCK`：默认绑定系统时钟（`SystemPracticeClock`），用于
+ * 单题超时判定（需求 4.4）与总用时统计（需求 4.5）；测试可注入可控时钟替代。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    AIEvaluationModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(PRACTICE_ENGINE_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    MockCourseContentProvider,
+    {
+      provide: COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER,
+      useExisting: MockCourseContentProvider,
+    },
+    SystemPracticeClock,
+    {
+      provide: PRACTICE_CLOCK,
+      useExisting: SystemPracticeClock,
+    },
+    PracticeEngineService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [PracticeEngineController],
+  exports: [
+    PracticeEngineService,
+    PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY,
+    COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER,
+    PRACTICE_CLOCK,
+  ],
+})
+export class PracticeEngineModule implements OnModuleInit {
+  constructor(private readonly courseProvider: MockCourseContentProvider) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 应用启动时为 mock 课程内容提供方登记一门默认课程及其权威知识源，使课程对练
+   * 在本地/真实联调中可直接生成题目（课程 id：`course.internal-medicine-101`）。
+   *
+   * mock 提供方为内存态：无论是否启用数据库都需登记（否则 `getCourseContent` 返回
+   * null、无法生成题目）。登记为幂等覆盖写入，重复启动安全。测试不经由本模块装配
+   * （各自直接构造 provider），故不受影响。
+   */
+  onModuleInit(): void {
+    for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+      this.courseProvider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+    }
+    this.courseProvider.setCourseContent(buildDefaultCourseContent());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.practice.spec.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.practice.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82c3aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.practice.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AIEvaluationService } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  MockCourseContentProvider,
+} from './mock-course-content.provider';
+import { PracticeEngineService } from './practice-engine.service';
+import { InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository';
+import {
+  ANSWER_TIME_LIMIT_MS,
+  CODE_NO_AVAILABLE_QUESTIONS,
+  CODE_NOT_CURRENT_QUESTION,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+  CourseContent,
+  MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS,
+  PracticeClock,
+  PracticeSessionStatus,
+  Question,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  QuestionType,
+  ReviewDecision,
+  WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎：模拟对练与结果诊断测试（任务 7.3，需求 4.1、4.2、4.4、4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 对练流程（需求 4.1、4.2）：start → submit → finish，逐题顺序呈现并采集作答。
+ * - 单题判定（需求 4.3）：按标准答案判定正误。
+ * - 单题超时（需求 4.4）：超 120 秒判错、停止采集、继续下一题。
+ * - 报告指标（需求 4.5）：正确率（0-100）、总用时（秒）、薄弱环节（<60% 能力标签）。
+ * - 能力图谱映射（需求 4.6）：成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱。
+ * - 改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）：每个薄弱环节附 0%-100% 可信度标注的改进建议。
+ */
+
+/** 可控时钟：测试精确驱动单题超时（需求 4.4）与总用时（需求 4.5）。 */
+class FakeClock implements PracticeClock {
+  private current: Date;
+  constructor(start: Date) {
+    this.current = new Date(start);
+  }
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.current);
+  }
+  /** 推进时钟若干毫秒。 */
+  advance(ms: number): void {
+    this.current = new Date(this.current.getTime() + ms);
+  }
+  /** 设置当前时间。 */
+  set(at: Date): void {
+    this.current = new Date(at);
+  }
+}
+
+interface Harness {
+  service: PracticeEngineService;
+  provider: MockCourseContentProvider;
+  repository: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository;
+  mapping: CompetencyMappingService;
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  clock: FakeClock;
+}
+
+const courseId = 'course-cardio-101';
+const studentId = 'stu-001';
+const mentorId = 'mentor-001';
+
+const sourceIds = buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources().map((s) => s.id);
+
+/** 三个已定义能力标签，用于构造薄弱/非薄弱环节。 */
+const TAG_A = 'tag.knowledge.clinical';
+const TAG_B = 'tag.clinical.history-taking';
+const TAG_C = 'tag.clinical.decision';
+
+async function makeHarness(
+  start = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+): Promise<Harness> {
+  const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  gateway.setBehavior('success');
+
+  const provider = new MockCourseContentProvider();
+  for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+    provider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+  }
+
+  const repository = new InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository();
+
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+  const aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+  const aiEvaluation = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+
+  const clock = new FakeClock(start);
+
+  const service = new PracticeEngineService(
+    gateway,
+    provider,
+    repository,
+    clock,
+    mapping,
+    tagService,
+    aiEvaluation,
+  );
+
+  return { service, provider, repository, mapping, graphRepo, clock };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 直接登记一批"可用于对练"题目到仓库（绕过生成/审核，聚焦对练流程测试）。
+ *
+ * 每道题为 A1 选择题，标准答案为 'A'，并关联给定的能力标签。
+ */
+async function seedAvailableQuestions(
+  repository: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository,
+  specs: { tagIds: string[] }[],
+): Promise<Question[]> {
+  const questions: Question[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < specs.length; i += 1) {
+    const q: Question = {
+      id: `q-${i + 1}`,
+      courseId,
+      studentId,
+      topicId: `topic-${i + 1}`,
+      type: QuestionType.A1,
+      stem: `题目 ${i + 1}`,
+      options: [
+        { key: 'A', text: '选项 A' },
+        { key: 'B', text: '选项 B' },
+      ],
+      answer: 'A',
+      authoritativeSources: [
+        {
+          sourceId: sourceIds[0],
+          title: '教材',
+          citation: 'CIT-1',
+          type: buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()[0].type,
+        },
+      ],
+      competencyTagIds: [...specs[i].tagIds],
+      status: QuestionStatus.Available,
+      generatedAt: new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+    };
+    questions.push(await repository.saveQuestion(q));
+  }
+  return questions;
+}
+
+const makeCourseContent = (topicCount: number): CourseContent => ({
+  courseId,
+  title: '心血管系统疾病',
+  topics: Array.from({ length: topicCount }, (_, i) => ({
+    id: `topic-${i + 1}`,
+    title: `主题 ${i + 1}`,
+    summary: `主题 ${i + 1} 的内容摘要`,
+    authoritativeSourceIds: [...sourceIds],
+    competencyTagIds: [TAG_A],
+  })),
+});
+
+describe('PracticeEngineService 模拟对练与结果诊断（需求 4）', () => {
+  describe('发起对练（需求 4.1）', () => {
+    it('按可用题目顺序逐题呈现，单次对练题量为 1-50 道', async () => {
+      const { service, repository } = await makeHarness();
+      const seeded = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_C] },
+      ]);
+
+      const result = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const session = result.value;
+        expect(session.status).toBe(PracticeSessionStatus.InProgress);
+        expect(session.questionIds.length).toBe(3);
+        expect(session.questionIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(session.questionIds.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+          MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS,
+        );
+        // 顺序与可用列表一致（逐题顺序呈现，需求 4.1）。
+        expect(session.questionIds).toEqual(seeded.map((q) => q.id));
+        expect(session.currentIndex).toBe(0);
+        // 首题已记录呈现时间（计时基准，需求 4.4）。
+        expect(session.presentedAt[seeded[0].id]).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('题目超过 50 道时仅取前 50 道（需求 4.1：题量上限 50）', async () => {
+      const { service, repository } = await makeHarness();
+      const specs = Array.from({ length: 55 }, () => ({ tagIds: [TAG_A] }));
+      await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, specs);
+
+      const result = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.questionIds.length).toBe(MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('课程无可用于对练题目时拒绝发起对练并提示（需求 4.1）', async () => {
+      const { service } = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NO_AVAILABLE_QUESTIONS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('仅"可用于对练"题目进入对练（审核前不发布，需求 3.4 与 4.1 衔接）', async () => {
+      const { service, provider } = await makeHarness();
+      // 生成"待导师审核"题目，未审核 → 不应可发起对练。
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+      const gen = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+      expect(isOk(gen)).toBe(true);
+
+      const before = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      expect(isErr(before)).toBe(true);
+
+      // 审核通过一道题后，可发起对练且仅含已通过题目。
+      if (isOk(gen)) {
+        await service.reviewQuestion(
+          gen.value.questions[0].id,
+          mentorId,
+          ReviewDecision.Approve,
+        );
+      }
+      const after = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      expect(isOk(after)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(after)) {
+        expect(after.value.questionIds.length).toBe(1);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('逐题作答与判定（需求 4.2、4.3）', () => {
+    it('采集作答并按标准答案判定正误，逐题推进', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1, q2] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      expect(isOk(startRes)).toBe(true);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      // 第一题作答正确（标准答案为 'A'）。
+      clock.advance(5_000);
+      const r1 = await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+      expect(isOk(r1)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(r1)) {
+        expect(r1.value.correct).toBe(true);
+        expect(r1.value.timedOut).toBe(false);
+        // 推进到下一题（需求 4.2）。
+        expect(r1.value.next?.questionId).toBe(q2.id);
+        expect(r1.value.next?.position).toBe(2);
+        expect(r1.value.next?.total).toBe(2);
+      }
+
+      // 第二题作答错误。
+      clock.advance(3_000);
+      const r2 = await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'B');
+      expect(isOk(r2)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(r2)) {
+        expect(r2.value.correct).toBe(false);
+        // 最后一题，无下一题（应结束对练）。
+        expect(r2.value.next).toBeUndefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('提交非当前应作答题目时拒绝（逐题顺序呈现，需求 4.1）', async () => {
+      const { service, repository } = await makeHarness();
+      const [, q2] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      // 当前应作答第一题，却提交第二题 → 拒绝。
+      const result = await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'A');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NOT_CURRENT_QUESTION);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('对不存在会话作答时拒绝（数据保全）', async () => {
+      const { service } = await makeHarness();
+      const result = await service.submitAnswer('no-session', 'q-1', 'A');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('单题超时（需求 4.4）', () => {
+    it('单题超 120 秒未在时限内提交时判错、标记超时并继续下一题', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1, q2] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      // 第一题耗时超过 120 秒 → 即便提交正确答案也判错（需求 4.4）。
+      clock.advance(ANSWER_TIME_LIMIT_MS + 1_000);
+      const r1 = await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+      expect(isOk(r1)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(r1)) {
+        expect(r1.value.timedOut).toBe(true);
+        expect(r1.value.correct).toBe(false);
+        // 继续呈现下一题（需求 4.4）。
+        expect(r1.value.next?.questionId).toBe(q2.id);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('结束对练时未作答的剩余题目按超时判错（需求 4.4）', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_C] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      // 仅作答第一题（正确），剩余两题未作答。
+      clock.advance(2_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+
+      const report = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(report)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(report)) {
+        expect(report.value.totalQuestions).toBe(3);
+        expect(report.value.correctCount).toBe(1);
+        // 剩余两题按超时判错。
+        expect(report.value.incorrectCount).toBe(2);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('对练报告指标（需求 4.5）', () => {
+    it('报告含 0-100 正确率、以秒为单位的总用时与薄弱环节列表', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      // TAG_A：2 题全错 → 0% 薄弱；TAG_B：1 题对 → 100% 非薄弱。
+      const [q1, q2, q3] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'B'); // 错
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'B'); // 错
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q3.id, 'A'); // 对
+
+      const result = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const report = result.value;
+        // 正确率：1/3 ≈ 33.33%（0-100）。
+        expect(report.accuracy).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(report.accuracy).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+        expect(report.accuracy).toBeCloseTo(33.33, 1);
+        // 总用时为秒，非负。
+        expect(report.totalTimeSeconds).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3);
+        // 薄弱环节：TAG_A 正确率 0% < 60% → 纳入；TAG_B 100% → 不纳入（需求 4.5）。
+        const weakTagIds = report.weakAreas.map((w) => w.tagId);
+        expect(weakTagIds).toContain(TAG_A);
+        expect(weakTagIds).not.toContain(TAG_B);
+        for (const w of report.weakAreas) {
+          expect(w.correctnessRate).toBeLessThan(WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('全部作答正确时无薄弱环节且正确率为 100%', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1, q2] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'A');
+
+      const result = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.accuracy).toBe(100);
+        expect(result.value.weakAreas.length).toBe(0);
+        expect(result.value.suggestions.length).toBe(0);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('60% 正确率不计入薄弱环节（阈值为严格小于 60%，需求 4.5）', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      // TAG_A：5 题，3 对 2 错 → 60% 恰好不薄弱。
+      const [q1, q2, q3, q4, q5] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      clock.advance(500);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A'); // 对
+      clock.advance(500);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'A'); // 对
+      clock.advance(500);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q3.id, 'A'); // 对
+      clock.advance(500);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q4.id, 'B'); // 错
+      clock.advance(500);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q5.id, 'B'); // 错
+
+      const result = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const tagA = result.value.tagBreakdown.find((b) => b.tagId === TAG_A);
+        expect(tagA?.correctnessRate).toBe(60);
+        expect(result.value.weakAreas.some((w) => w.tagId === TAG_A)).toBe(
+          false,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('已结束会话不可重复生成报告（数据保全）', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+      ]);
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+      await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+
+      const again = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isErr(again)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(again)) {
+        expect(again.error.code).toBe(CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('能力图谱映射（需求 4.6）', () => {
+    it('报告生成时将成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, mapping, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1, q2] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'B');
+
+      const result = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        // 报告记录了映射记录标识（需求 4.6）。
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        // 能力图谱中确有该学生的映射记录，来源为课程对练引擎。
+        const mappings = await mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(
+          mappings.every((m) => m.source === ModuleSource.PracticeEngine),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        // 映射引用了本次对练涉及的能力标签。
+        const mappedTags = new Set(mappings.flatMap((m) => m.tagIds));
+        expect(mappedTags.has(TAG_A) || mappedTags.has(TAG_B)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('题目无已定义能力标签时不创建映射记录', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, mapping, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const [q1] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: ['tag.undefined.xyz'] },
+      ]);
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'A');
+
+      const result = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBe(0);
+        const mappings = await mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings.length).toBe(0);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('薄弱环节改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）', () => {
+    it('每个薄弱环节生成一条改进建议并附 0%-100% 可信度标注', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      // TAG_A 与 TAG_C 全错（薄弱）；TAG_B 全对（非薄弱）。
+      const [q1, q2, q3] = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_C] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q1.id, 'B'); // 错
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q2.id, 'B'); // 错
+      clock.advance(1_000);
+      await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q3.id, 'A'); // 对
+
+      const result = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const report = result.value;
+        // 改进建议与薄弱环节一一对应（需求 4.7）。
+        expect(report.suggestions.length).toBe(report.weakAreas.length);
+        expect(report.suggestions.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+        const weakTagIds = new Set(report.weakAreas.map((w) => w.tagId));
+        for (const suggestion of report.suggestions) {
+          // 每条建议引用其薄弱环节能力标签（需求 4.7）。
+          expect(suggestion.competencyTagIds.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+          expect(weakTagIds.has(suggestion.competencyTagIds[0])).toBe(true);
+          // 可信度标注：0%-100% 置信度（需求 4.8）。
+          expect(suggestion.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+          expect(suggestion.annotation.confidence).toBeLessThanOrEqual(100);
+          // 附依据来源、可追溯（需求 4.8、16.2）。
+          expect(suggestion.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+            1,
+          );
+          expect(suggestion.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+          expect(suggestion.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('完整流程与持久化', () => {
+    it('start → submit(all) → finish 全流程并持久化报告与会话', async () => {
+      const { service, repository, clock } = await makeHarness();
+      const questions = await seedAvailableQuestions(repository, [
+        { tagIds: [TAG_A] },
+        { tagIds: [TAG_B] },
+      ]);
+
+      const startRes = await service.startPractice(studentId, courseId);
+      expect(isOk(startRes)).toBe(true);
+      const sessionId = isOk(startRes) ? startRes.value.id : '';
+
+      for (const q of questions) {
+        clock.advance(1_000);
+        const r = await service.submitAnswer(sessionId, q.id, 'A');
+        expect(isOk(r)).toBe(true);
+      }
+
+      const report = await service.finishPractice(sessionId);
+      expect(isOk(report)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(report)) {
+        // 报告持久化，可按会话检索。
+        const storedReport = await repository.findReportBySession(sessionId);
+        expect(storedReport?.id).toBe(report.value.id);
+        // 会话置为已结束。
+        const storedSession = await repository.findSession(sessionId);
+        expect(storedSession?.status).toBe(PracticeSessionStatus.Finished);
+        expect(storedSession?.finishedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.review.spec.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.review.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d605263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.review.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AIEvaluationService } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  MockCourseContentProvider,
+} from './mock-course-content.provider';
+import { PracticeEngineService } from './practice-engine.service';
+import { SystemPracticeClock } from './system-practice-clock';
+import { InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository';
+import {
+  CODE_QUESTION_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW,
+  CODE_RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED,
+  CourseContent,
+  Question,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  ReviewDecision,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎：题目审核状态机测试（任务 7.2，需求 3.4、3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 状态流转：待导师审核 → 可用于对练（导师通过，需求 3.6）。
+ * - 状态流转：待导师审核 → 已退回（导师退回并记录原因，需求 3.5）。
+ * - 发布约束：审核前不向学生发布、退回题目不进入对练，仅"可用于对练"可取题
+ *   （需求 3.4、3.5、3.6）。
+ * - 导师审核：记录审核导师与时间（需求 15.1）。
+ * - 非法流转：题目不存在、非"待导师审核"题目重复审核、退回缺原因均被拒绝且状态不变。
+ */
+describe('PracticeEngineService 题目审核状态机（需求 3.4、3.5、3.6、15.1）', () => {
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  let provider: MockCourseContentProvider;
+  let repository: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository;
+  let service: PracticeEngineService;
+
+  const courseId = 'course-cardio-101';
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+  const mentorId = 'mentor-001';
+
+  const sourceIds = buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources().map((s) => s.id);
+
+  const makeCourseContent = (topicCount: number): CourseContent => ({
+    courseId,
+    title: '心血管系统疾病',
+    topics: Array.from({ length: topicCount }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: `topic-${i + 1}`,
+      title: `主题 ${i + 1}`,
+      summary: `主题 ${i + 1} 的内容摘要`,
+      authoritativeSourceIds: [...sourceIds],
+      competencyTagIds: ['tag.knowledge.clinical'],
+    })),
+  });
+
+  /** 生成一批"待导师审核"题目并返回它们。 */
+  const generatePendingQuestions = async (): Promise<Question[]> => {
+    provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+    const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+    expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    if (!isOk(result)) {
+      throw new Error('题目生成应当成功');
+    }
+    return result.value.questions;
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    gateway.setBehavior('success');
+    provider = new MockCourseContentProvider();
+    for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+      provider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+    }
+    repository = new InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository();
+    const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+    const aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+    const aiEvaluation = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+    service = new PracticeEngineService(
+      gateway,
+      provider,
+      repository,
+      new SystemPracticeClock(),
+      mappingService,
+      tagService,
+      aiEvaluation,
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('生成后初始状态（需求 3.4）', () => {
+    it('生成的题目均为"待导师审核"且未携带审核记录', async () => {
+      const questions = await generatePendingQuestions();
+      for (const q of questions) {
+        expect(q.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.PendingReview);
+        expect(q.review).toBeUndefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('审核前题目不向学生发布（无可用于对练的题目，需求 3.4）', async () => {
+      await generatePendingQuestions();
+      const available = await service.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+      expect(available.length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('导师通过：待导师审核 → 可用于对练（需求 3.6）', () => {
+    it('通过后题目置为"可用于对练"并记录审核导师与时间', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      const result = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Approve,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Available);
+        expect(result.value.review).toBeDefined();
+        expect(result.value.review!.decision).toBe(ReviewDecision.Approve);
+        expect(result.value.review!.mentorId).toBe(mentorId);
+        expect(result.value.review!.reviewedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+        // 通过时不附退回原因（需求 3.6）。
+        expect(result.value.review!.reason).toBeUndefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('通过后该题目允许进入对练（出现在可用于对练列表中，需求 3.6）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      await service.reviewQuestion(question.id, mentorId, ReviewDecision.Approve);
+
+      const available = await service.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+      expect(available.some((q) => q.id === question.id)).toBe(true);
+      expect(available.every((q) => q.status === QuestionStatus.Available)).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('通过状态被持久化', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      await service.reviewQuestion(question.id, mentorId, ReviewDecision.Approve);
+
+      const stored = await repository.findQuestion(question.id);
+      expect(stored?.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Available);
+      expect(stored?.review?.decision).toBe(ReviewDecision.Approve);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('导师退回：待导师审核 → 已退回（需求 3.5）', () => {
+    it('退回后题目置为"已退回"并记录退回原因、导师与时间', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+      const reason = '题干表述歧义，选项区分度不足，请修订';
+
+      const result = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        reason,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Returned);
+        expect(result.value.review).toBeDefined();
+        expect(result.value.review!.decision).toBe(ReviewDecision.Return);
+        expect(result.value.review!.reason).toBe(reason);
+        expect(result.value.review!.mentorId).toBe(mentorId);
+        expect(result.value.review!.reviewedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('退回的题目不进入对练（不出现在可用于对练列表中，需求 3.5）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        '需要修订',
+      );
+
+      const available = await service.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+      expect(available.some((q) => q.id === question.id)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('退回未提供原因时拒绝、状态保持"待导师审核"、不记录审核（需求 3.5）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      const missing = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+      );
+      const blank = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        '   ',
+      );
+
+      for (const result of [missing, blank]) {
+        expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+        if (isErr(result)) {
+          expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+          expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED);
+        }
+      }
+      // 数据保全：状态不变、未记录审核。
+      const stored = await repository.findQuestion(question.id);
+      expect(stored?.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.PendingReview);
+      expect(stored?.review).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('退回原因前后空白被裁剪后记录', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+
+      const result = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        '  选项设置不当  ',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.review!.reason).toBe('选项设置不当');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('非法流转与目标（数据保全）', () => {
+    it('审核不存在的题目时拒绝并提示（需求 3.5、3.6）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        'no-such-question',
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Approve,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_QUESTION_NOT_FOUND);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('已通过题目不可被再次审核、状态不变（需求 3.6）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+      await service.reviewQuestion(question.id, mentorId, ReviewDecision.Approve);
+
+      const again = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        '试图退回已通过题目',
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(again)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(again)) {
+        expect(again.error.code).toBe(CODE_QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW);
+      }
+      // 状态仍为"可用于对练"，审核结论未被覆盖。
+      const stored = await repository.findQuestion(question.id);
+      expect(stored?.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Available);
+      expect(stored?.review?.decision).toBe(ReviewDecision.Approve);
+    });
+
+    it('已退回题目不可被再次审核、状态不变（需求 3.5）', async () => {
+      const [question] = await generatePendingQuestions();
+      await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        '需要修订',
+      );
+
+      const again = await service.reviewQuestion(
+        question.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Approve,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(again)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(again)) {
+        expect(again.error.code).toBe(CODE_QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW);
+      }
+      const stored = await repository.findQuestion(question.id);
+      expect(stored?.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.Returned);
+      expect(stored?.review?.decision).toBe(ReviewDecision.Return);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('独立审核多道题目（需求 3.4、3.5、3.6）', () => {
+    it('仅通过的题目进入对练，待审核与退回的不发布', async () => {
+      const questions = await generatePendingQuestions();
+      expect(questions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3);
+      const [approve, ret, pending] = questions;
+
+      await service.reviewQuestion(approve.id, mentorId, ReviewDecision.Approve);
+      await service.reviewQuestion(
+        ret.id,
+        mentorId,
+        ReviewDecision.Return,
+        '需要修订',
+      );
+      // 第三道保持"待导师审核"，不审核。
+
+      const available = await service.listAvailableQuestions(courseId);
+      const availableIds = available.map((q) => q.id);
+      expect(availableIds).toContain(approve.id);
+      expect(availableIds).not.toContain(ret.id);
+      expect(availableIds).not.toContain(pending.id);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc50fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AIEvaluationService } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+
+import {
+  buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources,
+  MockCourseContentProvider,
+} from './mock-course-content.provider';
+import { PracticeEngineService } from './practice-engine.service';
+import { SystemPracticeClock } from './system-practice-clock';
+import { InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository';
+import {
+  AuthoritativeSourceType,
+  CHOICE_QUESTION_TYPES,
+  CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+  CourseContent,
+  MAX_QUESTIONS,
+  MIN_QUESTIONS,
+  QUESTION_TYPES,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  QuestionType,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎：题目生成与权威源绑定测试（任务 7.1，需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.7、3.8）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 生成：基于课程内容生成 5-50 道题、在 30 秒内完成（需求 3.1）。
+ * - 题型：覆盖 A1/A2/A3/A4/病例分析/临床决策（需求 3.3）。
+ * - 绑定：每道发布题目绑定 ≥1 权威知识源并记录引用标识、置于"待导师审核"
+ *   （需求 3.2、3.4）。
+ * - 错误路径：课程内容不足时中止并提示（需求 3.7）、无法绑定权威源时不发布且记录
+ *   原因（需求 3.8）、生成失败/超时中止且不创建任何题目（数据保全）。
+ */
+describe('PracticeEngineService 题目生成与权威源绑定（需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.7、3.8）', () => {
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  let provider: MockCourseContentProvider;
+  let repository: InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository;
+  let service: PracticeEngineService;
+
+  const courseId = 'course-cardio-101';
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+  /** 三个权威知识源 id（默认装配）。 */
+  const sourceIds = buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources().map((s) => s.id);
+
+  /** 构造一门含若干主题、每个主题均可绑定权威源的课程内容。 */
+  const makeCourseContent = (topicCount: number): CourseContent => ({
+    courseId,
+    title: '心血管系统疾病',
+    topics: Array.from({ length: topicCount }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: `topic-${i + 1}`,
+      title: `主题 ${i + 1}`,
+      summary: `主题 ${i + 1} 的内容摘要`,
+      authoritativeSourceIds: [...sourceIds],
+      competencyTagIds: ['tag.knowledge.clinical'],
+    })),
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    gateway.setBehavior('success');
+    provider = new MockCourseContentProvider();
+    for (const source of buildDefaultAuthoritativeSources()) {
+      provider.registerAuthoritativeSource(source);
+    }
+    repository = new InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository();
+    const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+    const aiTrust = new AITrustService();
+    const aiEvaluation = new AIEvaluationService(gateway, aiTrust, tagService);
+    service = new PracticeEngineService(
+      gateway,
+      provider,
+      repository,
+      new SystemPracticeClock(),
+      mappingService,
+      tagService,
+      aiEvaluation,
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('生成与题量（需求 3.1）', () => {
+    it('基于课程内容生成 5-50 道练习题', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const { questions } = result.value;
+        expect(questions.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(MIN_QUESTIONS);
+        expect(questions.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_QUESTIONS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('生成题量不超过上限 50 道（即便主题众多）', async () => {
+      // 20 个主题 × 6 题型 = 120 候选，应被截断到 50 道（需求 3.1）。
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(20));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.questions.length).toBe(MAX_QUESTIONS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('生成的题目归属所选课程与发起学生', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const q of result.value.questions) {
+          expect(q.courseId).toBe(courseId);
+          expect(q.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 30 秒预算内完成生成（需求 3.1）', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(30_000);
+    });
+
+    it('生成的题目持久化到仓库', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const stored = await repository.listQuestionsByCourse(courseId);
+        expect(stored.length).toBe(result.value.questions.length);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('题型支持（需求 3.3）', () => {
+    it('能够生成全部六种题型（A1/A2/A3/A4/病例分析/临床决策）', async () => {
+      // 每个题型至少需要一个可绑定主题，6 个主题足以覆盖全部题型。
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(6));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const generatedTypes = new Set(
+          result.value.questions.map((q) => q.type),
+        );
+        for (const type of QUESTION_TYPES) {
+          expect(generatedTypes.has(type)).toBe(true);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('选择题题型携带选项且标准答案为某选项 key', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(6));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const choiceQuestions = result.value.questions.filter((q) =>
+          CHOICE_QUESTION_TYPES.includes(q.type),
+        );
+        expect(choiceQuestions.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        for (const q of choiceQuestions) {
+          expect(q.options).toBeDefined();
+          expect(q.options!.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+          expect(q.options!.some((o) => o.key === q.answer)).toBe(true);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('病例分析题不携带选项并以要点作答', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(6));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const caseQuestions = result.value.questions.filter(
+          (q) => q.type === QuestionType.CaseAnalysis,
+        );
+        expect(caseQuestions.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        for (const q of caseQuestions) {
+          expect(q.options).toBeUndefined();
+          expect(q.answer.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('权威知识源绑定与待审核状态（需求 3.2、3.4）', () => {
+    it('每道题目绑定至少一个权威知识源并记录引用标识（需求 3.2）', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const q of result.value.questions) {
+          expect(q.authoritativeSources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+          for (const ref of q.authoritativeSources) {
+            expect(ref.sourceId).toBeTruthy();
+            // 记录引用标识（需求 3.2）。
+            expect(ref.citation).toBeTruthy();
+            expect(
+              Object.values(AuthoritativeSourceType).includes(ref.type),
+            ).toBe(true);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('生成的题目置于"待导师审核"状态（需求 3.4）', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const q of result.value.questions) {
+          expect(q.status).toBe(QuestionStatus.PendingReview);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('无法绑定权威知识源（需求 3.8）', () => {
+    it('某主题无可用权威源时其候选题目被拒绝并记录原因，不进入待审核', async () => {
+      // 一个可绑定主题（保证有题目）+ 一个无任何权威源标识的主题（必被拒绝）。
+      const content: CourseContent = {
+        courseId,
+        title: '混合课程',
+        topics: [
+          {
+            id: 'topic-ok',
+            title: '可绑定主题',
+            summary: '内容',
+            authoritativeSourceIds: [...sourceIds],
+          },
+          {
+            id: 'topic-no-source',
+            title: '无权威源主题',
+            summary: '内容',
+            authoritativeSourceIds: [],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+      provider.setCourseContent(content);
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        // 被拒绝的候选不在题目中（不发布、不进入待审核，需求 3.8）。
+        expect(
+          result.value.questions.every((q) => q.topicId !== 'topic-no-source'),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        // 记录了缺少权威知识源的拒绝原因（需求 3.8）。
+        expect(result.value.rejections.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        for (const r of result.value.rejections) {
+          expect(r.topicId).toBe('topic-no-source');
+          expect(r.code).toBe(CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE);
+          expect(r.reason).toBeTruthy();
+        }
+        // 拒绝记录持久化（需求 3.8）。
+        const storedRejections =
+          await repository.listRejectionsByCourse(courseId);
+        expect(storedRejections.length).toBe(result.value.rejections.length);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('权威源被标记为不可用时该主题候选被拒绝（需求 3.8）', async () => {
+      const content: CourseContent = {
+        courseId,
+        title: '部分来源不可用课程',
+        topics: [
+          {
+            id: 'topic-ok',
+            title: '可绑定主题',
+            summary: '内容',
+            authoritativeSourceIds: [sourceIds[0]],
+          },
+          {
+            id: 'topic-down',
+            title: '来源宕机主题',
+            summary: '内容',
+            authoritativeSourceIds: [sourceIds[1]],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+      provider.setCourseContent(content);
+      // 让第二个主题唯一绑定的来源不可用 → 解析为空 → 拒绝（需求 3.8）。
+      provider.setSourceUnavailable(sourceIds[1]);
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(
+          result.value.rejections.some((r) => r.topicId === 'topic-down'),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        expect(
+          result.value.questions.every((q) => q.topicId !== 'topic-down'),
+        ).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('课程内容不足时中止（需求 3.7）', () => {
+    it('课程不存在时中止生成、不创建任何题目并提示（需求 3.7）', async () => {
+      // 未登记任何课程内容。
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions('no-such-course', studentId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          'GENERATION.COURSE_CONTENT_INSUFFICIENT',
+        );
+      }
+      // 数据保全：不创建任何题目。
+      expect(await repository.countQuestions()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('课程无任何主题时中止生成（需求 3.7）', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent({ courseId, title: '空课程', topics: [] });
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(await repository.countQuestions()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('可发布题目不足最小题量时中止生成、不创建任何题目（需求 3.7、3.8）', async () => {
+      // 单一主题且其唯一来源不可用 → 0 道可发布题目 < 5 → 中止（需求 3.7）。
+      provider.setCourseContent({
+        courseId,
+        title: '来源全不可用课程',
+        topics: [
+          {
+            id: 'topic-1',
+            title: '主题 1',
+            summary: '内容',
+            authoritativeSourceIds: [sourceIds[0]],
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+      provider.setSourceUnavailable(sourceIds[0]);
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          'GENERATION.COURSE_CONTENT_INSUFFICIENT',
+        );
+        // 提示包含可生成题量信息。
+        expect(result.error.details?.min).toBe(MIN_QUESTIONS);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：既不创建题目，也不创建拒绝记录（整次生成中止）。
+      expect(await repository.countQuestions()).toBe(0);
+      expect((await repository.listRejections()).length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('AI 生成失败/超时（数据保全，呼应需求 3.1 时限）', () => {
+    it('AI 网关生成失败时中止、不创建任何题目', async () => {
+      provider.setCourseContent(makeCourseContent(3));
+      gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+
+      const result = await service.generateQuestions(courseId, studentId);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe('GENERATION.FAILED');
+      }
+      // 数据保全：失败时不写入任何题目或拒绝记录。
+      expect(await repository.countQuestions()).toBe(0);
+      expect((await repository.listRejections()).length).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.service.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4b035e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,1034 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { GenerationError, ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { AIEvaluationService } from '@modules/ai-evaluation';
+
+import {
+  ANSWER_TIME_LIMIT_MS,
+  AnswerResult,
+  AuthoritativeSource,
+  AuthoritativeSourceRef,
+  CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+  CODE_NO_AVAILABLE_QUESTIONS,
+  CODE_NOT_CURRENT_QUESTION,
+  CODE_QUESTION_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW,
+  CODE_RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+  CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+  COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER,
+  CHOICE_QUESTION_TYPES,
+  CompetencyTagBreakdown,
+  CourseContent,
+  CourseContentProvider,
+  CourseTopic,
+  MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS,
+  MAX_QUESTIONS,
+  MIN_QUESTIONS,
+  PRACTICE_CLOCK,
+  PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY,
+  PracticeAnswerRecord,
+  PracticeClock,
+  PracticeEngineRepository,
+  PracticeImprovementSuggestion,
+  PracticeReport,
+  PracticeSession,
+  PracticeSessionStatus,
+  PresentedQuestion,
+  QUESTION_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  QUESTION_TYPES,
+  Question,
+  QuestionGenerationOutcome,
+  QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  QuestionOption,
+  QuestionStatus,
+  QuestionType,
+  REPORT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  ReviewDecision,
+  WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD,
+  WeakArea,
+} from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/** 内部信号：区分预算超时与一般生成失败（与 skill-invocation / ai-evaluation 一致）。 */
+class GenerationTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * 一道候选题目（生成中间产物，尚未绑定权威知识源）。
+ *
+ * 候选题目来自"课程主题 × 题型"的笛卡尔展开；随后逐一尝试绑定权威知识源：
+ * 成功绑定者成为 `Question`（需求 3.2、3.4），无法绑定者记为拒绝（需求 3.8）。
+ */
+interface QuestionCandidate {
+  topic: CourseTopic;
+  type: QuestionType;
+  /** 在同一主题内的序号，用于内容去重与选项构造。 */
+  ordinal: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎服务（需求 3，对应 design.md 组件 3「课程对练引擎」）。
+ *
+ * 本任务（7.1）实现题目生成与权威源绑定：
+ * - `generateQuestions()`：当学生选择一门课程发起对练时，基于该课程内容在 30 秒内
+ *   生成 5 至 50 道练习题（需求 3.1），支持 A1/A2/A3/A4/病例分析/临床决策题型
+ *   （需求 3.3）。
+ * - 每道发布的题目绑定 ≥1 权威知识源并记录引用标识（需求 3.2），生成后置于"待导师
+ *   审核"状态（需求 3.4）。
+ * - 当一道候选题目无法绑定任何权威知识源时，不发布、不置于"待导师审核"，并记录
+ *   缺少权威知识源的原因（需求 3.8）。
+ * - 当无法基于所选课程内容生成足量练习题时，中止本次生成、不创建任何题目，并返回
+ *   表明无法生成练习题的提示（需求 3.7）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径数据保全（Property 7）：生成全程先在内存中规划，仅当确定可发布题量满足
+ * 最小题量（需求 3.1）后才落库；任一中止分支（课程内容不足、生成超时/失败）都不向
+ * 仓库写入任何题目或拒绝记录。
+ *
+ * 时延（需求 3.1）：整次生成经 AI 网关并在 30 秒预算内完成，采用与技能调用 / AI 评价
+ * 一致的超时竞速预算模式（见 skill-invocation.service.ts / ai-evaluation.service.ts）。
+ *
+ * 本任务（7.2）实现题目审核状态机：
+ * - `reviewQuestion()`：导师对"待导师审核"题目作出通过 / 退回决定，驱动状态流转
+ *   `PendingReview → Available`（通过，需求 3.6）或 `PendingReview → Returned`
+ *   （退回并记录原因，需求 3.5）；非法目标 / 状态 / 缺原因时拒绝且状态不变。
+ * - `listAvailableQuestions()`：仅返回已通过审核（`Available`）题目，使需求 3.4
+ *   「审核前不向学生发布」对外可测试，并供任务 7.3 对练取题。
+ *
+ * 对练会话与报告（需求 4）由任务 7.3 实现。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class PracticeEngineService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly aiGateway: AIGateway,
+    @Inject(COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER)
+    private readonly courseContent: CourseContentProvider,
+    @Inject(PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: PracticeEngineRepository,
+    @Inject(PRACTICE_CLOCK)
+    private readonly clock: PracticeClock,
+    private readonly competencyMapping: CompetencyMappingService,
+    private readonly competencyTags: CompetencyTagService,
+    private readonly aiEvaluation: AIEvaluationService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 基于课程内容生成练习题并绑定权威知识源（需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.7、3.8）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 获取课程内容；课程不存在或无任何主题时，中止生成、不创建任何题目，返回
+   *    "无法生成练习题"的提示（需求 3.7）。
+   * 2. 在 30 秒预算内（需求 3.1）经 AI 网关辅助、按"主题 × 题型"规划候选题目，并逐一
+   *    解析其可用权威知识源：
+   *    - 解析到 ≥1 可用来源 → 构造题目，绑定来源并记录引用标识（需求 3.2），置于
+   *      "待导师审核"（需求 3.4），最多生成 50 道（需求 3.1）。
+   *    - 解析不到任何可用来源 → 记为缺少权威知识源的拒绝候选（需求 3.8）。
+   * 3. 若可发布题目不足最小题量（5 道，需求 3.1），中止本次生成、不创建任何题目，
+   *    返回"无法生成练习题"的提示（需求 3.7）。
+   * 4. 否则将题目与拒绝记录落库后返回（需求 3.2、3.4、3.8）。
+   *
+   * @param courseId 学生所选课程标识（需求 3.1）。
+   * @param studentId 发起对练的学生标识。
+   * @returns 成功时返回题目与拒绝记录；课程内容不足或生成失败/超时时返回 `GenerationError`。
+   */
+  async generateQuestions(
+    courseId: string,
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<QuestionGenerationOutcome, GenerationError>> {
+    // 1. 获取课程内容（需求 3.1、3.7）。
+    const content = await this.courseContent.getCourseContent(courseId);
+    if (!content || !content.topics || content.topics.length === 0) {
+      // 需求 3.7：无法基于所选课程内容生成练习题 → 中止、不创建任何题目、提示。
+      return err(
+        GenerationError.courseContentInsufficient(
+          '无法基于所选课程内容生成练习题：课程内容缺失',
+          { courseId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 在 30 秒预算内规划候选题目并解析权威知识源（需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.8）。
+    //    全程在内存中进行，尚未落库（数据保全，Property 7）。
+    const planned = await this.planWithBudget(
+      content,
+      studentId,
+      QUESTION_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (isErr(planned)) {
+      // 生成超时（需求 3.1 时限）或 AI 生成失败：中止、不创建任何题目（数据保全）。
+      return planned;
+    }
+
+    const { questions, rejections } = planned.value;
+
+    // 3. 可发布题目不足最小题量（需求 3.1：≥5 道）→ 中止、不创建任何题目（需求 3.7）。
+    if (questions.length < MIN_QUESTIONS) {
+      return err(
+        GenerationError.courseContentInsufficient(
+          `无法基于所选课程内容生成足量练习题（至少 ${MIN_QUESTIONS} 道）`,
+          {
+            courseId,
+            generatable: questions.length,
+            min: MIN_QUESTIONS,
+            unboundCandidates: rejections.length,
+          },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 4. 落库：仅在确定可发布题量满足要求后写入（需求 3.2、3.4、3.8）。
+    const savedQuestions: Question[] = [];
+    for (const question of questions) {
+      savedQuestions.push(await this.repository.saveQuestion(question));
+    }
+    const savedRejections: QuestionGenerationRejection[] = [];
+    for (const rejection of rejections) {
+      savedRejections.push(await this.repository.saveRejection(rejection));
+    }
+
+    return ok({ questions: savedQuestions, rejections: savedRejections });
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 题目审核状态机（需求 3.4、3.5、3.6、15.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 导师审核一道题目，驱动审核状态机流转（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+   *
+   * 仅"待导师审核"题目可被审核（需求 3.4：审核前不向学生发布）。审核状态机：
+   * - 通过（`ReviewDecision.Approve`）：题目 `PendingReview → Available`，置于
+   *   "可用于对练"状态并允许进入对练（需求 3.6）。
+   * - 退回（`ReviewDecision.Return`）：题目 `PendingReview → Returned`，置于"已退回"
+   *   状态、阻止进入对练，并记录退回原因（需求 3.5）。退回必须提供非空原因。
+   *
+   * 非法流转与输入：
+   * - 目标题目不存在 → `ValidationError`（`PRACTICE.QUESTION_NOT_FOUND`），不写入。
+   * - 题目非"待导师审核"（已通过 / 已退回）→ `ValidationError`
+   *   （`PRACTICE.QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW`），状态不变（幂等保护，数据保全）。
+   * - 退回但未提供原因 → `ValidationError`（`PRACTICE.RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED`），
+   *   状态保持"待导师审核"、不记录审核（需求 3.5 要求记录原因）。
+   *
+   * @param questionId 待审核题目标识。
+   * @param mentorId 执行审核的导师标识（需求 15.1）。
+   * @param decision 审核决定（通过 / 退回，需求 3.5、3.6）。
+   * @param reason 退回原因（退回时必填，需求 3.5；通过时忽略）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回流转后的题目；非法目标 / 状态 / 输入时返回 `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async reviewQuestion(
+    questionId: string,
+    mentorId: string,
+    decision: ReviewDecision,
+    reason?: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<Question, ValidationError>> {
+    // 1. 目标题目必须存在（需求 3.5、3.6）。
+    const question = await this.repository.findQuestion(questionId);
+    if (!question) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_QUESTION_NOT_FOUND,
+          `待审核题目不存在：${questionId}`,
+          { questionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 仅"待导师审核"题目可被审核（需求 3.4）。已通过 / 已退回题目不可再次审核，
+    //    防止覆盖既有审核结论（非法流转，状态不变 → 数据保全）。
+    if (question.status !== QuestionStatus.PendingReview) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW,
+          `题目当前状态为「${question.status}」，仅「待导师审核」题目可被审核`,
+          { questionId, status: question.status },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 退回必须提供非空原因（需求 3.5：记录退回原因）。
+    const trimmedReason = reason?.trim();
+    if (decision === ReviewDecision.Return && !trimmedReason) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED,
+          '退回题目时必须记录退回原因',
+          { questionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 4. 执行状态流转并记录审核（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+    const reviewedAt = new Date();
+    const updated: Question = {
+      ...question,
+      status:
+        decision === ReviewDecision.Approve
+          ? QuestionStatus.Available // 需求 3.6：通过 → 可用于对练。
+          : QuestionStatus.Returned, // 需求 3.5：退回 → 已退回。
+      review: {
+        decision,
+        mentorId,
+        // 退回记录原因（需求 3.5）；通过时不附原因。
+        reason: decision === ReviewDecision.Return ? trimmedReason : undefined,
+        reviewedAt,
+      },
+    };
+
+    const saved = await this.repository.updateQuestion(updated);
+    if (!saved) {
+      // 题目在审核过程中被移除（竞态）；视为目标不存在，不写入（数据保全）。
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_QUESTION_NOT_FOUND,
+          `待审核题目不存在：${questionId}`,
+          { questionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 列出某课程中可向学生发布、可进入对练的题目（需求 3.4、3.6）。
+   *
+   * 仅返回已通过导师审核（`Available`）的题目：审核前的"待导师审核"题目不向学生
+   * 发布（需求 3.4），"已退回"题目不进入对练（需求 3.5）。供任务 7.3 对练会话取题，
+   * 同时使需求 3.4「审核前不发布」对外可测试。
+   *
+   * @param courseId 课程标识。
+   * @returns 该课程下处于"可用于对练"状态的题目集合。
+   */
+  async listAvailableQuestions(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAvailableQuestionsByCourse(courseId);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 模拟对练与结果诊断（任务 7.3，需求 4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 开始一次对练，按顺序逐题向学生呈现题目（需求 4.1）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 取该课程中已通过导师审核（`Available`）的题目（需求 3.4、3.6：审核前不发布）。
+   * 2. 无可用题目时拒绝发起对练并提示（需求 4.1：单次对练题量须为 1-50 道，
+   *    0 道无法发起）。
+   * 3. 否则取前 `MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS`（50）道，保证单次对练题量落在 [1, 50]
+   *    （需求 4.1），创建"进行中"会话并记录首题呈现时间（计时基准，需求 4.4）。
+   *
+   * 题目按其在可用列表中的顺序逐题呈现（需求 4.1）；`submitAnswer` 逐题推进。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 发起对练的学生标识。
+   * @param courseId 题目来源课程标识（题集标识）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回新建的对练会话；无可用题目时返回 `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async startPractice(
+    studentId: string,
+    courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<PracticeSession, ValidationError>> {
+    const available =
+      await this.repository.listAvailableQuestionsByCourse(courseId);
+
+    // 需求 4.1：单次对练题量须为 1-50 道；无可用题目则无法发起对练。
+    if (available.length === 0) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_NO_AVAILABLE_QUESTIONS,
+          `课程「${courseId}」暂无可用于对练的题目，无法发起对练`,
+          { courseId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 取前 50 道，保证单次对练题量落在 [1, 50]（需求 4.1）。题目顺序即呈现顺序。
+    const selected = available.slice(0, MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS);
+    const now = this.clock.now();
+
+    const session: PracticeSession = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      courseId,
+      questionIds: selected.map((q) => q.id),
+      currentIndex: 0,
+      answers: [],
+      // 记录首题呈现时间作为计时基准（需求 4.4）。
+      presentedAt: { [selected[0].id]: now },
+      status: PracticeSessionStatus.InProgress,
+      startedAt: now,
+    };
+
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveSession(session);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 采集并判定学生对当前题目的作答，逐题推进（需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验会话存在且处于"进行中"（否则拒绝，数据保全）。
+   * 2. 校验提交的题目为当前应作答题目（需求 4.1：逐题顺序呈现）。
+   * 3. 计算自该题呈现以来的耗时：
+   *    - 超出单题作答时限 120 秒（需求 4.4）→ 判错、标记超时、停止采集该题作答。
+   *    - 未超时（需求 4.3）→ 在本地以标准答案比对判定正误（开销极小，恒在 3 秒内）。
+   * 4. 记录作答、推进到下一题并记录其呈现时间（需求 4.2、4.4）；若已是最后一题，
+   *    返回 `next=undefined` 提示应结束对练。
+   *
+   * @param sessionId 对练会话标识。
+   * @param questionId 所作答题目标识（须为当前应作答题目）。
+   * @param answer 学生提交的作答（需求 4.2）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回判定结果与下一题呈现；非法会话/状态/题目时返回 `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async submitAnswer(
+    sessionId: string,
+    questionId: string,
+    answer: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<AnswerResult, ValidationError>> {
+    // 1. 会话存在且"进行中"。
+    const session = await this.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+          `对练会话不存在：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    if (session.status !== PracticeSessionStatus.InProgress) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+          `对练会话已结束，无法继续作答：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId, status: session.status },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 提交的题目必须是当前应作答题目（需求 4.1：逐题顺序呈现）。
+    const currentQuestionId = session.questionIds[session.currentIndex];
+    if (currentQuestionId !== questionId) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_NOT_CURRENT_QUESTION,
+          `题目「${questionId}」不是当前应作答题目「${currentQuestionId}」`,
+          { sessionId, questionId, expected: currentQuestionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 计算耗时并判定（需求 4.3、4.4）。
+    const presentedAt = session.presentedAt[questionId] ?? session.startedAt;
+    const now = this.clock.now();
+    const elapsedMs = Math.max(0, now.getTime() - presentedAt.getTime());
+    const timedOut = elapsedMs > ANSWER_TIME_LIMIT_MS;
+
+    let correct = false;
+    if (!timedOut) {
+      // 未超时：本地以标准答案比对判定正误（需求 4.3，开销极小恒在 3 秒内）。
+      const question = await this.repository.findQuestion(questionId);
+      correct = question ? this.judge(question, answer) : false;
+    }
+    // 超时（需求 4.4）：判错、停止采集该题作答（不比对提交内容）。
+
+    const record: PracticeAnswerRecord = {
+      questionId,
+      submittedAnswer: timedOut ? undefined : answer,
+      correct,
+      timedOut,
+      elapsedMs,
+      answeredAt: now,
+    };
+
+    // 4. 推进到下一题并记录其呈现时间（需求 4.2、4.4）。
+    const nextIndex = session.currentIndex + 1;
+    const updated: PracticeSession = {
+      ...session,
+      answers: [...session.answers, record],
+      currentIndex: nextIndex,
+    };
+
+    let next: PresentedQuestion | undefined;
+    if (nextIndex < session.questionIds.length) {
+      const nextQuestionId = session.questionIds[nextIndex];
+      updated.presentedAt = { ...session.presentedAt, [nextQuestionId]: now };
+      next = {
+        questionId: nextQuestionId,
+        position: nextIndex + 1,
+        total: session.questionIds.length,
+        presentedAt: now,
+      };
+    }
+
+    await this.repository.updateSession(updated);
+
+    return ok({
+      sessionId,
+      questionId,
+      correct,
+      timedOut,
+      elapsedMs,
+      next,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 结束一次对练并生成对练报告（需求 4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验会话存在且处于"进行中"（已结束会话不可重复生成报告，数据保全）。
+   * 2. 对尚未作答的剩余题目按超时判错处理（需求 4.4：未在时限内提交判错），
+   *    保证报告覆盖本次对练的全部题目。
+   * 3. 统计正确率（0-100，需求 4.5）、总用时（秒，需求 4.5），并按能力标签汇总
+   *    各标签正确率，得出薄弱环节（正确率 < 60% 的能力标签，需求 4.5）。
+   * 4. 将本次对练成绩按能力标签在 5 秒预算内映射到能力图谱（需求 4.6）。
+   * 5. 由 AI 评估引擎针对每个薄弱环节生成改进建议并附 0%-100% 可信度标注
+   *    （需求 4.7、4.8）。
+   * 6. 持久化报告并将会话置为"已结束"。
+   *
+   * @param sessionId 对练会话标识。
+   * @returns 成功时返回对练报告；非法会话/状态时返回 `ValidationError`。
+   */
+  async finishPractice(
+    sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<PracticeReport, ValidationError>> {
+    const session = await this.repository.findSession(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND,
+          `对练会话不存在：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    if (session.status !== PracticeSessionStatus.InProgress) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS,
+          `对练会话已结束，无法重复生成报告：${sessionId}`,
+          { sessionId, status: session.status },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const finishedAt = this.clock.now();
+
+    // 2. 剩余未作答题目按超时判错（需求 4.4），保证报告覆盖全部题目。
+    const answeredIds = new Set(session.answers.map((a) => a.questionId));
+    const completedAnswers: PracticeAnswerRecord[] = [...session.answers];
+    for (const questionId of session.questionIds) {
+      if (!answeredIds.has(questionId)) {
+        completedAnswers.push({
+          questionId,
+          submittedAnswer: undefined,
+          correct: false,
+          timedOut: true,
+          elapsedMs: ANSWER_TIME_LIMIT_MS,
+          answeredAt: finishedAt,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 3. 统计正确率与各能力标签作答情况（需求 4.5）。
+    const totalQuestions = session.questionIds.length;
+    const correctCount = completedAnswers.filter((a) => a.correct).length;
+    const incorrectCount = totalQuestions - correctCount;
+    const accuracy =
+      totalQuestions > 0
+        ? this.round2((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100)
+        : 0;
+    const totalTimeSeconds = Math.round(
+      Math.max(0, finishedAt.getTime() - session.startedAt.getTime()) / 1000,
+    );
+
+    const tagBreakdown = await this.buildTagBreakdown(
+      session.questionIds,
+      completedAnswers,
+    );
+    const weakAreas = await this.deriveWeakAreas(tagBreakdown);
+
+    const reportId = randomUUID();
+
+    // 4. 将成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱（5 秒预算内，需求 4.6）。
+    const competencyMappingIds = await this.mapReportToGraph(
+      session.studentId,
+      reportId,
+      tagBreakdown,
+      accuracy,
+    );
+
+    // 5. AI 评估引擎针对每个薄弱环节生成改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+    const suggestions = await this.buildImprovementSuggestions(
+      session.studentId,
+      reportId,
+      weakAreas,
+    );
+
+    const report: PracticeReport = {
+      id: reportId,
+      sessionId: session.id,
+      studentId: session.studentId,
+      courseId: session.courseId,
+      totalQuestions,
+      correctCount,
+      incorrectCount,
+      accuracy,
+      totalTimeSeconds,
+      tagBreakdown,
+      weakAreas,
+      suggestions,
+      competencyMappingIds,
+      generatedAt: finishedAt,
+    };
+
+    // 6. 持久化报告并结束会话。
+    const savedReport = await this.repository.saveReport(report);
+    await this.repository.updateSession({
+      ...session,
+      answers: completedAnswers,
+      currentIndex: session.questionIds.length,
+      status: PracticeSessionStatus.Finished,
+      finishedAt,
+    });
+
+    return ok(savedReport);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 判定一道题目的作答是否正确（需求 4.3）。
+   *
+   * 选择题（携带选项）按选项 key 不区分大小写、去空白比对；病例分析/临床决策题
+   * 以标准答案文本去空白后全等比对。判定为纯本地比较，开销极小（恒在 3 秒内）。
+   */
+  private judge(question: Question, answer: string): boolean {
+    const submitted = (answer ?? '').trim();
+    const expected = (question.answer ?? '').trim();
+    if (submitted === '') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (CHOICE_QUESTION_TYPES.includes(question.type)) {
+      return submitted.toUpperCase() === expected.toUpperCase();
+    }
+    return submitted === expected;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 按能力标签汇总各标签在本次对练中的作答统计（需求 4.5）。
+   *
+   * 对每个携带能力标签的题目，将其判定结果计入该题目关联的每个能力标签。返回各标签
+   * 的题目总数、正确数与正确率（0-100）。
+   */
+  private async buildTagBreakdown(
+    questionIds: string[],
+    answers: PracticeAnswerRecord[],
+  ): Promise<CompetencyTagBreakdown[]> {
+    const correctById = new Map<string, boolean>();
+    for (const record of answers) {
+      correctById.set(record.questionId, record.correct);
+    }
+
+    const totals = new Map<string, { total: number; correct: number }>();
+    for (const questionId of questionIds) {
+      const question = await this.repository.findQuestion(questionId);
+      const tagIds = question?.competencyTagIds ?? [];
+      const correct = correctById.get(questionId) === true;
+      for (const tagId of tagIds) {
+        const entry = totals.get(tagId) ?? { total: 0, correct: 0 };
+        entry.total += 1;
+        if (correct) {
+          entry.correct += 1;
+        }
+        totals.set(tagId, entry);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const breakdown: CompetencyTagBreakdown[] = [];
+    for (const [tagId, { total, correct }] of totals) {
+      breakdown.push({
+        tagId,
+        totalQuestions: total,
+        correctCount: correct,
+        correctnessRate: total > 0 ? this.round2((correct / total) * 100) : 0,
+      });
+    }
+    return breakdown;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由能力标签统计推导薄弱环节（需求 4.5）。
+   *
+   * 薄弱环节定义为该次对练中正确率**低于** `WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD`（60%）的能力标签。
+   * 解析标签名称用于呈现与改进建议文案（未定义标签回退使用标签标识）。
+   */
+  private async deriveWeakAreas(
+    breakdown: CompetencyTagBreakdown[],
+  ): Promise<WeakArea[]> {
+    const weakAreas: WeakArea[] = [];
+    for (const entry of breakdown) {
+      if (entry.correctnessRate < WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD) {
+        const tag = await this.competencyTags.getTag(entry.tagId);
+        weakAreas.push({
+          tagId: entry.tagId,
+          tagName: tag?.name,
+          totalQuestions: entry.totalQuestions,
+          correctCount: entry.correctCount,
+          correctnessRate: entry.correctnessRate,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    return weakAreas;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将本次对练成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 4.6）。
+   *
+   * 取本次对练涉及的、且为能力图谱已定义的能力标签（去重、截断至映射上限
+   * `MAX_MAPPING_TAGS`，呼应需求 14.2），以正确率作为分值贡献，调用
+   * `CompetencyMappingService.mapData()` 写入映射记录（来源标记为课程对练引擎）。
+   * 整个映射在 5 秒预算内完成（需求 4.6）；无任何已定义标签时不创建映射记录。
+   *
+   * @returns 创建的映射记录标识集合。
+   */
+  private async mapReportToGraph(
+    studentId: string,
+    reportId: string,
+    breakdown: CompetencyTagBreakdown[],
+    accuracy: number,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    const definedTagIds: string[] = [];
+    for (const entry of breakdown) {
+      if (await this.competencyTags.isDefinedTag(entry.tagId)) {
+        definedTagIds.push(entry.tagId);
+      }
+      if (definedTagIds.length >= MAX_MAPPING_TAGS) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (definedTagIds.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    const mapped = await this.withBudget(
+      this.competencyMapping.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.PracticeEngine,
+        {
+          studentId,
+          referenceId: reportId,
+          score: accuracy,
+          metadata: { kind: 'practice_report' },
+        },
+        definedTagIds,
+      ),
+      REPORT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+
+    if (mapped && mapped.ok) {
+      return [mapped.value.id];
+    }
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 调用 AI 评估引擎为每个薄弱环节生成改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+   *
+   * 将薄弱环节投影为 AI 评估引擎的输入，由其生成附 0%-100% 可信度标注的改进建议
+   * （需求 4.8），再投影为课程对练引擎的 `PracticeImprovementSuggestion`。
+   * 无薄弱环节时返回空列表。
+   */
+  private async buildImprovementSuggestions(
+    studentId: string,
+    reportId: string,
+    weakAreas: WeakArea[],
+  ): Promise<PracticeImprovementSuggestion[]> {
+    if (weakAreas.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const suggestions = await this.aiEvaluation.generateImprovementSuggestions({
+      studentId,
+      reportId,
+      weakAreas: weakAreas.map((w) => ({
+        tagId: w.tagId,
+        tagName: w.tagName,
+        correctnessRate: w.correctnessRate,
+      })),
+    });
+    return suggestions.map((s) => ({
+      content: s.content,
+      competencyTagIds: [...s.competencyTagIds],
+      annotation: s.annotation,
+      trustOutputId: s.trustOutputId,
+    }));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内等待一个 Promise 完成（需求 4.6 的 5 秒映射上限保护）。
+   *
+   * 采用超时竞速：超过预算未完成则返回 undefined（降级为不写入映射，不阻塞报告生成）。
+   * 映射本身为内存/单库级别操作，正常恒在预算内完成。
+   */
+  private async withBudget<T>(
+    promise: Promise<T>,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<T | undefined> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), budgetMs);
+      });
+      return await Promise.race([promise, timeout]);
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 四舍五入到两位小数（百分比/分值口径统一）。 */
+  private round2(value: number): number {
+    return Math.round(value * 100) / 100;
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内规划候选题目并解析权威知识源（需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.8）。
+   *
+   * 经 AI 网关辅助生成（超时竞速预算，需求 3.1）后，按"主题 × 题型"展开候选题目，
+   * 逐一解析其可用权威知识源：可绑定者构造为"待导师审核"题目（需求 3.2、3.4），
+   * 不可绑定者记为拒绝（需求 3.8）。可发布题目数量上限为 50（需求 3.1）。
+   *
+   * 失败分支：AI 网关抛错映射为生成失败、超过预算映射为生成超时（需求 3.1 时限），
+   * 两者均不产生落库副作用（数据保全，Property 7）。
+   */
+  private async planWithBudget(
+    content: CourseContent,
+    studentId: string,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<Result<QuestionGenerationOutcome, GenerationError>> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new GenerationTimeoutSignal()), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const outcome = await Promise.race([
+        this.planQuestions(content, studentId),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(outcome);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof GenerationTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(GenerationError.timedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(GenerationError.failed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 规划候选题目并完成权威源绑定（需求 3.2、3.3、3.8）。
+   *
+   * 候选题目由"主题 × 全部题型"展开（需求 3.3 覆盖六种题型），按顺序逐一处理：
+   * - 经 AI 网关生成该候选的题面内容（需求 3.1 经 AI 网关）。
+   * - 解析该主题可用权威知识源：≥1 条则构造"待导师审核"题目并记录引用标识
+   *   （需求 3.2、3.4）；为空则记为缺少权威知识源的拒绝（需求 3.8）。
+   * 当可发布题目达到上限 50 道（需求 3.1）后停止继续构造题目。
+   */
+  private async planQuestions(
+    content: CourseContent,
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationOutcome> {
+    const candidates = this.buildCandidates(content);
+    const questions: Question[] = [];
+    const rejections: QuestionGenerationRejection[] = [];
+
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      // 已达最大题量上限（需求 3.1：≤50 道），停止构造更多题目。
+      if (questions.length >= MAX_QUESTIONS) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // 解析该候选题目可绑定的、当前可用的权威知识源（需求 3.2、3.8）。
+      const sources = await this.courseContent.getAuthoritativeSources(
+        candidate.topic.authoritativeSourceIds ?? [],
+      );
+
+      if (sources.length === 0) {
+        // 需求 3.8：无法绑定任何权威知识源 → 不发布、不进入待审核、记录原因。
+        rejections.push(
+          this.buildRejection(content.courseId, studentId, candidate),
+        );
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // 经 AI 网关生成题面内容（需求 3.1 经 AI 网关），失败则向上抛出由预算层处理。
+      const generation = await this.aiGateway.generate(
+        this.buildPrompt(content, candidate, sources),
+      );
+
+      questions.push(
+        this.buildQuestion(content, studentId, candidate, sources, generation),
+      );
+    }
+
+    return { questions, rejections };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由课程内容展开候选题目（"主题 × 全部题型"，需求 3.3）。
+   *
+   * 以题型为外层、主题为内层轮转展开，使得即使主题较少，生成出的题目也能覆盖
+   * 多种题型（需求 3.3）。每个候选携带在其主题内的序号以区分内容。
+   */
+  private buildCandidates(content: CourseContent): QuestionCandidate[] {
+    const candidates: QuestionCandidate[] = [];
+    const perTopicOrdinal = new Map<string, number>();
+    for (const type of QUESTION_TYPES) {
+      for (const topic of content.topics) {
+        const ordinal = (perTopicOrdinal.get(topic.id) ?? 0) + 1;
+        perTopicOrdinal.set(topic.id, ordinal);
+        candidates.push({ topic, type, ordinal });
+      }
+    }
+    return candidates;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 构造一道已绑定权威知识源、置于"待导师审核"的题目（需求 3.2、3.3、3.4）。
+   */
+  private buildQuestion(
+    content: CourseContent,
+    studentId: string,
+    candidate: QuestionCandidate,
+    sources: AuthoritativeSource[],
+    generation: AIGenerationResult,
+  ): Question {
+    const { topic, type } = candidate;
+    const isChoice = CHOICE_QUESTION_TYPES.includes(type);
+    const options = isChoice ? this.buildOptions(type) : undefined;
+    const answer = isChoice ? options![0].key : this.buildKeyPointsAnswer(topic);
+
+    // 绑定权威知识源并记录引用标识（需求 3.2）。
+    const sourceRefs: AuthoritativeSourceRef[] = sources.map((s) => ({
+      sourceId: s.id,
+      title: s.title,
+      citation: s.citation,
+      type: s.type,
+    }));
+
+    return {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      courseId: content.courseId,
+      studentId,
+      topicId: topic.id,
+      type,
+      stem: this.buildStem(topic, type, candidate.ordinal),
+      options,
+      answer,
+      explanation:
+        `参考「${topic.title}」相关内容。` +
+        `（AI 辅助生成：${generation.content}）`,
+      authoritativeSources: sourceRefs,
+      competencyTagIds: [...(topic.competencyTagIds ?? [])],
+      status: QuestionStatus.PendingReview, // 需求 3.4：生成后待导师审核。
+      generatedAt: new Date(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 构造一条缺少权威知识源的拒绝记录（需求 3.8）。
+   */
+  private buildRejection(
+    courseId: string,
+    studentId: string,
+    candidate: QuestionCandidate,
+  ): QuestionGenerationRejection {
+    return {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      courseId,
+      studentId,
+      topicId: candidate.topic.id,
+      type: candidate.type,
+      code: CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE,
+      reason:
+        `题目（主题「${candidate.topic.title}」，题型 ${candidate.type}）` +
+        `无法绑定任何权威知识源，未进入待导师审核`,
+      rejectedAt: new Date(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 构造选择题选项（A-D）。 */
+  private buildOptions(type: QuestionType): QuestionOption[] {
+    return [
+      { key: 'A', text: `选项 A（${type}）` },
+      { key: 'B', text: `选项 B（${type}）` },
+      { key: 'C', text: `选项 C（${type}）` },
+      { key: 'D', text: `选项 D（${type}）` },
+    ];
+  }
+
+  /** 构造病例分析 / 临床决策题的要点式标准答案。 */
+  private buildKeyPointsAnswer(topic: CourseTopic): string {
+    return `要点：结合「${topic.title}」的临床表现、诊断依据与处理原则作答。`;
+  }
+
+  /** 构造题干（按题型差异化，需求 3.3）。 */
+  private buildStem(
+    topic: CourseTopic,
+    type: QuestionType,
+    ordinal: number,
+  ): string {
+    switch (type) {
+      case QuestionType.A1:
+        return `【A1】关于「${topic.title}」，下列说法正确的是？（${ordinal}）`;
+      case QuestionType.A2:
+        return `【A2】患者就诊，结合「${topic.title}」，最恰当的处理是？（${ordinal}）`;
+      case QuestionType.A3:
+        return `【A3】共用题干：围绕「${topic.title}」的病例资料如下……（${ordinal}）`;
+      case QuestionType.A4:
+        return `【A4】共用题干（病例演进）：「${topic.title}」相关病例随访……（${ordinal}）`;
+      case QuestionType.CaseAnalysis:
+        return `【病例分析】请就「${topic.title}」相关病例进行分析。（${ordinal}）`;
+      case QuestionType.ClinicalDecision:
+        return `【临床决策】基于「${topic.title}」，请作出临床决策并说明理由。（${ordinal}）`;
+      default:
+        return `关于「${topic.title}」的练习题。（${ordinal}）`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 构造 AI 网关生成请求，绑定权威来源以便溯源（需求 3.1、3.2）。 */
+  private buildPrompt(
+    content: CourseContent,
+    candidate: QuestionCandidate,
+    sources: AuthoritativeSource[],
+  ): AIGenerationRequest {
+    return {
+      prompt:
+        `请基于课程「${content.title}」主题「${candidate.topic.title}」` +
+        `生成一道 ${candidate.type} 题型的练习题。`,
+      sources: sources.map((s) => ({
+        id: s.id,
+        title: s.title,
+        citation: s.citation,
+      })),
+      timeoutMs: QUESTION_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.types.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8a24ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/practice-engine.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎（Practice_Engine）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 3：课程对练题目生成与权威性保障。本文件聚焦"模型 + 抽象"：
+ * - `QuestionType`：题型枚举（需求 3.3，A1/A2/A3/A4/病例分析/临床决策）。
+ * - `QuestionStatus`：题目状态（本任务 7.1 仅产生"待导师审核"；其余状态供 7.2 审核
+ *   状态机使用）。
+ * - `AuthoritativeSource` / `AuthoritativeSourceRef`：权威知识源及其在题目上的绑定
+ *   引用（需求 3.2，记录引用标识）。
+ * - `Question`：题目模型（绑定 ≥1 权威知识源，需求 3.2）。
+ * - `QuestionGenerationRejection`：题目缺少权威知识源时的拒绝记录（需求 3.8）。
+ * - `CourseContentProvider`：课程内容与权威知识源的来源抽象（与脚手架中 mock 适配器
+ *   一致的可替换风格）。
+ * - `PracticeEngineRepository`：题目与拒绝记录的持久化抽象（接口 + DI 令牌）。
+ *
+ * 本任务（7.1）实现 `generateQuestions()` 的生成、题型、权威源绑定与错误路径
+ * （需求 3.1、3.2、3.3、3.7、3.8）；审核状态机（需求 3.4-3.6、15.1）由任务 7.2 实现，
+ * 对练会话与报告（需求 4）由任务 7.3 实现，相关状态与字段在此一并预留。
+ */
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+/**
+ * 题型（需求 3.3）。
+ *
+ * 课程对练引擎应支持生成以下题型：A1 型、A2 型、A3 型、A4 型选择题、
+ * 病例分析题与临床决策题。
+ */
+export enum QuestionType {
+  /** A1 型：单句最佳选择题。 */
+  A1 = 'A1',
+  /** A2 型：以简要病历为题干的最佳选择题。 */
+  A2 = 'A2',
+  /** A3 型：共用题干（病例引导）的一组选择题。 */
+  A3 = 'A3',
+  /** A4 型：较长共用题干（病例演进）的一组选择题。 */
+  A4 = 'A4',
+  /** 病例分析题。 */
+  CaseAnalysis = 'case_analysis',
+  /** 临床决策题。 */
+  ClinicalDecision = 'clinical_decision',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 全部已定义题型（供生成计划与生成器复用，需求 3.3）。
+ */
+export const QUESTION_TYPES: readonly QuestionType[] = Object.values(
+  QuestionType,
+) as QuestionType[];
+
+/**
+ * 选择题题型集合（需要选项与单一正确答案的题型）。
+ *
+ * 病例分析题以要点作答、临床决策题以决策作答，二者题干形态与选择题不同，
+ * 故区分处理。
+ */
+export const CHOICE_QUESTION_TYPES: readonly QuestionType[] = [
+  QuestionType.A1,
+  QuestionType.A2,
+  QuestionType.A3,
+  QuestionType.A4,
+  QuestionType.ClinicalDecision,
+];
+
+/**
+ * 题目状态（需求 3.4、3.5、3.6）。
+ *
+ * 本任务（7.1）只产生 `PendingReview`（待导师审核）：一道成功绑定 ≥1 权威知识源的
+ * 题目在生成后置于"待导师审核"（需求 3.4）。其余状态供任务 7.2 的审核状态机：
+ * - `Available`：通过导师审核，可用于对练（需求 3.6）。
+ * - `Returned`：未通过导师审核，已退回（需求 3.5）。
+ *
+ * 注意：无法绑定权威知识源的题目（需求 3.8）不进入任何题目状态——它不被创建为
+ * `Question`，而是记录为 `QuestionGenerationRejection`（不发布、不进入待审核）。
+ */
+export enum QuestionStatus {
+  /** 待导师审核（需求 3.4）。 */
+  PendingReview = 'pending_review',
+  /** 可用于对练（需求 3.6）。 */
+  Available = 'available',
+  /** 已退回（需求 3.5）。 */
+  Returned = 'returned',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目审核决定（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+ *
+ * 导师审核一道"待导师审核"题目时作出的决定：
+ * - `Approve`：导师通过，题目置为"可用于对练"并允许进入对练（需求 3.6）。
+ * - `Return`：导师退回，题目置为"已退回"、阻止进入对练，并记录退回原因（需求 3.5）。
+ */
+export enum ReviewDecision {
+  /** 导师通过（需求 3.6）。 */
+  Approve = 'approve',
+  /** 导师退回（需求 3.5，须记录原因）。 */
+  Return = 'return',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 权威知识源类型（需求 3.2）。
+ *
+ * 权威知识源指经认证的教材、临床指南、官方题库等可信内容来源。
+ */
+export enum AuthoritativeSourceType {
+  /** 教材。 */
+  Textbook = 'textbook',
+  /** 临床指南。 */
+  ClinicalGuideline = 'clinical_guideline',
+  /** 官方题库。 */
+  OfficialQuestionBank = 'official_question_bank',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 权威知识源（需求 3.2）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：`citation` 为该来源的引用标识（如教材章节号、指南编号、题库条目号），
+ * 题目绑定该来源时须记录其引用标识（需求 3.2）。
+ */
+export interface AuthoritativeSource {
+  /** 来源唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 来源标题（如教材名、指南名）。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 引用标识（如章节号、指南编号、题库条目号）（需求 3.2）。 */
+  citation: string;
+  /** 来源类型。 */
+  type: AuthoritativeSourceType;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目上的权威知识源绑定引用（需求 3.2）。
+ *
+ * 由 `AuthoritativeSource` 投影而来，随题目持久化，记录被绑定来源的引用标识。
+ */
+export interface AuthoritativeSourceRef {
+  /** 被绑定的权威知识源标识。 */
+  sourceId: string;
+  /** 来源标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 引用标识（需求 3.2）。 */
+  citation: string;
+  /** 来源类型。 */
+  type: AuthoritativeSourceType;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目选项（选择题题型使用）。
+ */
+export interface QuestionOption {
+  /** 选项标识（如 A/B/C/D/E）。 */
+  key: string;
+  /** 选项文本。 */
+  text: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目（Question，需求 3）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `authoritativeSources` 至少包含一条权威知识源绑定，且每条记录引用标识
+ *   （需求 3.2）。无法绑定任何权威知识源的候选题目不会成为 `Question`（需求 3.8）。
+ * - 生成后的题目状态为 `PendingReview`（待导师审核，需求 3.4）。
+ */
+export interface Question {
+  /** 题目唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 所属课程标识。 */
+  courseId: string;
+  /** 发起对练的学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 来源课程主题标识（供溯源与能力标签映射）。 */
+  topicId: string;
+  /** 题型（需求 3.3）。 */
+  type: QuestionType;
+  /** 题干。 */
+  stem: string;
+  /** 选项（选择题题型提供；病例分析题为 undefined）。 */
+  options?: QuestionOption[];
+  /** 标准答案（选择题为选项 key；病例分析/临床决策为要点文本）。 */
+  answer: string;
+  /** 解析说明（可选）。 */
+  explanation?: string;
+  /** 绑定的权威知识源引用（≥1 条，记录引用标识，需求 3.2）。 */
+  authoritativeSources: AuthoritativeSourceRef[];
+  /** 关联的能力标签标识（供后续对练报告映射能力图谱，需求 4.6）。 */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  /** 题目状态（生成后为待导师审核，需求 3.4）。 */
+  status: QuestionStatus;
+  /** 生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+  /**
+   * 审核记录（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+   *
+   * 仅在题目经过导师审核（通过或退回）后存在；尚未审核的"待导师审核"题目为
+   * undefined。退回时其 `reason` 记录退回原因（需求 3.5）。
+   */
+  review?: QuestionReview;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目审核记录（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。
+ *
+ * 记录导师对一道题目作出的审核决定与时间；退回时记录退回原因（需求 3.5）。
+ * 通过审核（需求 3.6）时 `reason` 可缺省。
+ */
+export interface QuestionReview {
+  /** 审核决定（通过 / 退回，需求 3.5、3.6）。 */
+  decision: ReviewDecision;
+  /** 审核导师标识（需求 15.1：导师审核题目）。 */
+  mentorId: string;
+  /** 退回原因（退回时必填，需求 3.5；通过时可缺省）。 */
+  reason?: string;
+  /** 审核时间。 */
+  reviewedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/** 题目缺少权威知识源的拒绝原因码（需求 3.8）。 */
+export const CODE_NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE =
+  'PRACTICE.NO_AUTHORITATIVE_SOURCE';
+
+/** 审核目标题目不存在的错误码（需求 3.5、3.6、15.1）。 */
+export const CODE_QUESTION_NOT_FOUND = 'PRACTICE.QUESTION_NOT_FOUND';
+
+/** 非"待导师审核"状态题目不可被审核的错误码（需求 3.4、3.5、3.6）。 */
+export const CODE_QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW =
+  'PRACTICE.QUESTION_NOT_PENDING_REVIEW';
+
+/** 退回题目缺少退回原因的错误码（需求 3.5）。 */
+export const CODE_RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED = 'PRACTICE.RETURN_REASON_REQUIRED';
+
+/**
+ * 题目生成拒绝记录（需求 3.8）。
+ *
+ * 当一道生成的候选题目无法绑定任何权威知识源时，课程对练引擎不发布该题目、
+ * 不将其置于"待导师审核"状态，并记录该题目缺少权威知识源的原因（需求 3.8）。
+ * 该记录承载被拒绝候选题目的来源主题、题型与稳定原因码，供审计与追溯。
+ */
+export interface QuestionGenerationRejection {
+  /** 拒绝记录唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 所属课程标识。 */
+  courseId: string;
+  /** 发起对练的学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 被拒绝候选题目的来源课程主题标识。 */
+  topicId: string;
+  /** 被拒绝候选题目的题型。 */
+  type: QuestionType;
+  /** 稳定的拒绝原因码（需求 3.8）。 */
+  code: string;
+  /** 可读的拒绝原因（需求 3.8）。 */
+  reason: string;
+  /** 拒绝时间。 */
+  rejectedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目生成结果（需求 3.1、3.2、3.8）。
+ *
+ * 在题目数组之上承载本次生成中因缺少权威知识源而被拒绝的候选题目记录：
+ * - `questions`：成功绑定 ≥1 权威知识源、已置于"待导师审核"的题目（需求 3.1、3.2、
+ *   3.4）。
+ * - `rejections`：因无法绑定任何权威知识源而被拒绝的候选题目记录（需求 3.8）。
+ *
+ * 该结构在保留题目集合（呼应 design.md 接口 `Result<Question[], GenerationError>`）
+ * 的同时，使需求 3.8 的"记录缺少权威知识源原因"对外可见、可测试。
+ */
+export interface QuestionGenerationOutcome {
+  /** 已置于"待导师审核"的题目（需求 3.1、3.2、3.4）。 */
+  questions: Question[];
+  /** 因缺少权威知识源被拒绝的候选题目记录（需求 3.8）。 */
+  rejections: QuestionGenerationRejection[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单次生成的最小题量（需求 3.1：生成 5 至 50 道练习题）。
+ */
+export const MIN_QUESTIONS = 5;
+
+/**
+ * 单次生成的最大题量（需求 3.1：生成 5 至 50 道练习题）。
+ */
+export const MAX_QUESTIONS = 50;
+
+/**
+ * 题目生成时限（毫秒，需求 3.1：30 秒内生成）。
+ *
+ * 采用与技能调用 / AI 评价一致的超时竞速预算模式：整次生成在该预算内完成，
+ * 超出则中止并按生成超时处理（不创建任何题目，数据保全）。
+ */
+export const QUESTION_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * 一个课程主题（课程内容的最小生成单元）。
+ *
+ * 每个主题可派生若干题型的练习题。主题上声明可绑定的权威知识源标识集合：
+ * - 非空且对应来源可用 → 该主题派生的题目可绑定权威知识源（需求 3.2）。
+ * - 为空或对应来源不可用 → 该主题派生的题目无法绑定，触发拒绝记录（需求 3.8）。
+ */
+export interface CourseTopic {
+  /** 主题唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 主题标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 主题内容摘要（生成题干的语料）。 */
+  summary: string;
+  /** 该主题可绑定的权威知识源标识集合（需求 3.2、3.8）。 */
+  authoritativeSourceIds: string[];
+  /** 该主题对应的能力标签标识（可选，供后续能力图谱映射）。 */
+  competencyTagIds?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 课程内容（需求 3.1、3.7）。
+ *
+ * 课程对练引擎基于课程内容生成练习题（需求 3.1）；当课程内容不足以生成练习题时
+ * 中止生成（需求 3.7）。课程内容由若干主题构成。
+ */
+export interface CourseContent {
+  /** 课程唯一标识。 */
+  courseId: string;
+  /** 课程标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 课程主题集合（生成的语料来源）。 */
+  topics: CourseTopic[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 课程内容与权威知识源提供方抽象（需求 3.1、3.2、3.7、3.8）。
+ *
+ * 将"课程内容获取"与"权威知识源解析"与具体后端解耦：
+ * - 默认实现为内存可配置版（`MockCourseContentProvider`），便于测试与默认装配；
+ * - 后续可由对接真实教务/权威知识源库的适配器实现，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface CourseContentProvider {
+  /**
+   * 获取课程内容（需求 3.1）。课程不存在时返回 null（触发需求 3.7 的中止）。
+   */
+  getCourseContent(courseId: string): Promise<CourseContent | null>;
+  /**
+   * 解析一组权威知识源标识为当前**可用**的权威知识源（需求 3.2、3.8）。
+   *
+   * 仅返回当前可用的来源；不可用或不存在的标识将被剔除，从而当某主题的全部来源
+   * 都不可用时返回空数组，触发该题目的拒绝记录（需求 3.8）。
+   */
+  getAuthoritativeSources(
+    sourceIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<AuthoritativeSource[]>;
+}
+
+/** 课程内容提供方的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER = Symbol('COURSE_CONTENT_PROVIDER');
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练引擎持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与能力图谱、学习空间等模块一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 负责题目与题目生成拒绝记录（需求 3.8）的持久化。
+ */
+export interface PracticeEngineRepository {
+  /** 持久化一道题目（需求 3.1、3.2、3.4）。 */
+  saveQuestion(question: Question): Promise<Question>;
+  /**
+   * 更新一道已存在的题目（需求 3.5、3.6 审核状态流转）。
+   *
+   * 题目不存在时返回 null；存在时整体覆盖并返回更新后的题目。
+   */
+  updateQuestion(question: Question): Promise<Question | null>;
+  /** 按 id 查找题目，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findQuestion(id: string): Promise<Question | null>;
+  /** 列出全部题目。 */
+  listQuestions(): Promise<Question[]>;
+  /** 列出指定课程的全部题目。 */
+  listQuestionsByCourse(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]>;
+  /**
+   * 列出指定课程中可发布给学生（已通过审核、可用于对练）的题目（需求 3.4、3.6）。
+   *
+   * 仅返回 `Available` 状态题目：审核前的"待导师审核"题目不向学生发布（需求 3.4），
+   * 已退回题目不进入对练（需求 3.5）。
+   */
+  listAvailableQuestionsByCourse(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]>;
+  /** 统计题目总数（用于错误路径数据保全断言）。 */
+  countQuestions(): Promise<number>;
+  /** 持久化一条题目生成拒绝记录（需求 3.8）。 */
+  saveRejection(
+    rejection: QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection>;
+  /** 列出全部拒绝记录。 */
+  listRejections(): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection[]>;
+  /** 列出指定课程的拒绝记录。 */
+  listRejectionsByCourse(
+    courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection[]>;
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 对练会话与报告（任务 7.3，需求 4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** 持久化一个对练会话（需求 4.1）。 */
+  saveSession(session: PracticeSession): Promise<PracticeSession>;
+  /**
+   * 更新一个已存在的对练会话（逐题作答推进与结束，需求 4.2、4.4、4.5）。
+   *
+   * 会话不存在时返回 null；存在时整体覆盖并返回更新后的会话。
+   */
+  updateSession(session: PracticeSession): Promise<PracticeSession | null>;
+  /** 按 id 查找对练会话，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findSession(id: string): Promise<PracticeSession | null>;
+  /** 持久化一份对练报告（需求 4.5）。 */
+  saveReport(report: PracticeReport): Promise<PracticeReport>;
+  /** 按 id 查找对练报告，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findReport(id: string): Promise<PracticeReport | null>;
+  /** 按会话 id 查找对练报告，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findReportBySession(sessionId: string): Promise<PracticeReport | null>;
+}
+
+/** 课程对练引擎持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY = Symbol('PRACTICE_ENGINE_REPOSITORY');
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// 任务 7.3：模拟对练与结果诊断（需求 4）
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * 单次对练允许的最小题目数量（需求 4.1：1 至 50 道）。
+ */
+export const MIN_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS = 1;
+
+/**
+ * 单次对练允许的最大题目数量（需求 4.1：1 至 50 道）。
+ *
+ * 当某课程可用于对练的题目超过该上限时，仅取前 `MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS` 道进入
+ * 本次对练，使单次对练题量恒落在 [1, 50]。
+ */
+export const MAX_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS = 50;
+
+/**
+ * 单题作答时限（毫秒，需求 4.4：120 秒）。
+ *
+ * 学生在该时限内未提交作答（或提交时已超出时限）时，课程对练引擎将该题判定为错误、
+ * 停止采集该题作答并继续呈现下一道题目（需求 4.4）。
+ */
+export const ANSWER_TIME_LIMIT_MS = 120_000;
+
+/**
+ * 单题判定预算（毫秒，需求 4.3：3 秒内判定正误）。
+ *
+ * 判定为本地标准答案比对，开销极小，恒在该预算内完成；该常量用于对外表达
+ * 需求 4.3 的时延上界并供测试断言。
+ */
+export const ANSWER_JUDGEMENT_BUDGET_MS = 3_000;
+
+/**
+ * 对练报告能力图谱映射预算（毫秒，需求 4.6：5 秒内映射）。
+ *
+ * 对练报告生成时按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 4.6）。映射为内存/单库查询级别，
+ * 恒在该预算内完成；采用与生成一致的超时竞速预算模式作为时延上界保护。
+ */
+export const REPORT_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+/**
+ * 薄弱环节判定阈值（百分比，需求 4.5）。
+ *
+ * 薄弱环节定义为该次对练中正确率**低于** 60% 的能力标签（需求 4.5）。
+ */
+export const WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD = 60;
+
+/** 对练会话状态。 */
+export enum PracticeSessionStatus {
+  /** 进行中：正在逐题呈现并采集作答（需求 4.1、4.2）。 */
+  InProgress = 'in_progress',
+  /** 已结束：已生成对练报告（需求 4.5）。 */
+  Finished = 'finished',
+}
+
+/** 单题作答记录（需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。 */
+export interface PracticeAnswerRecord {
+  /** 所作答题目标识。 */
+  questionId: string;
+  /**
+   * 学生提交的作答（需求 4.2）。
+   * 超时未作答而被自动判错的题目（需求 4.4）该字段为 undefined。
+   */
+  submittedAnswer?: string;
+  /** 判定结果：是否正确（需求 4.3）。 */
+  correct: boolean;
+  /**
+   * 是否因超出单题作答时限（120 秒）被判错（需求 4.4）。
+   * 为 true 时无论提交内容如何均判错。
+   */
+  timedOut: boolean;
+  /** 自该题呈现到本次判定的耗时（毫秒）。 */
+  elapsedMs: number;
+  /** 判定时间。 */
+  answeredAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对练会话（需求 4.1、4.2）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `questionIds` 数量恒落在 [1, 50]（需求 4.1）。
+ * - 仅纳入已通过导师审核（`Available`）的题目（需求 3.4、3.6）。
+ * - 按 `questionIds` 顺序逐题呈现，`currentIndex` 指向当前待作答题目（需求 4.1）。
+ */
+export interface PracticeSession {
+  /** 会话唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 题目来源课程标识（题集标识）。 */
+  courseId: string;
+  /** 按呈现顺序排列的题目标识集合（1-50 道，需求 4.1）。 */
+  questionIds: string[];
+  /** 当前待作答题目在 `questionIds` 中的下标（逐题推进，需求 4.1）。 */
+  currentIndex: number;
+  /** 各题作答记录（按判定顺序，需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。 */
+  answers: PracticeAnswerRecord[];
+  /**
+   * 各题呈现时间，按题目标识索引（需求 4.4 计时基准）。
+   * 当一道题成为当前题目时记录其呈现时间，用于计算单题作答耗时与超时判定。
+   */
+  presentedAt: Record<string, Date>;
+  /** 会话状态。 */
+  status: PracticeSessionStatus;
+  /** 会话开始时间。 */
+  startedAt: Date;
+  /** 会话结束时间（结束后存在，需求 4.5）。 */
+  finishedAt?: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 一道题目的当前呈现（需求 4.1、4.2）。
+ *
+ * `submitAnswer` 推进后返回下一道待作答题目；无更多题目时为 undefined（应结束对练）。
+ */
+export interface PresentedQuestion {
+  /** 题目标识。 */
+  questionId: string;
+  /** 在本次对练中的序号（从 1 起）。 */
+  position: number;
+  /** 本次对练题目总数。 */
+  total: number;
+  /** 该题呈现时间（计时基准，需求 4.4）。 */
+  presentedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单次提交作答的判定结果（需求 4.2、4.3、4.4）。
+ */
+export interface AnswerResult {
+  /** 会话标识。 */
+  sessionId: string;
+  /** 所作答题目标识。 */
+  questionId: string;
+  /** 判定结果：是否正确（需求 4.3）。 */
+  correct: boolean;
+  /** 是否因超出 120 秒时限被判错（需求 4.4）。 */
+  timedOut: boolean;
+  /** 自该题呈现到本次判定的耗时（毫秒）。 */
+  elapsedMs: number;
+  /**
+   * 下一道待呈现题目（需求 4.1、4.2）；本次为最后一题时为 undefined，
+   * 表示应调用 `finishPractice` 生成报告。
+   */
+  next?: PresentedQuestion;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单个能力标签在本次对练中的作答统计（需求 4.5）。
+ */
+export interface CompetencyTagBreakdown {
+  /** 能力标签标识。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 携带该标签的题目总数。 */
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  /** 携带该标签且作答正确的题目数。 */
+  correctCount: number;
+  /** 该标签的正确率（0-100，百分比）。 */
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 薄弱环节（需求 4.5）。
+ *
+ * 定义为该次对练中正确率低于 `WEAK_AREA_THRESHOLD`（60%）的能力标签。
+ */
+export interface WeakArea {
+  /** 能力标签标识。 */
+  tagId: string;
+  /** 能力标签名称（若可解析）。 */
+  tagName?: string;
+  /** 携带该标签的题目总数。 */
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  /** 携带该标签且作答正确的题目数。 */
+  correctCount: number;
+  /** 该标签的正确率（0-100，百分比；低于 60% 故纳入薄弱环节）。 */
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对练改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 由 AI 评估引擎针对每个薄弱环节生成（需求 4.7），并附带取值范围 0%-100% 的
+ * 可信度标注（需求 4.8，经 AI 可信层统一封装）。
+ *
+ * 复用 `@infra/ai-gateway` 的 `CredibilityAnnotation` 承载可信度标注（不重定义）。
+ */
+export interface PracticeImprovementSuggestion {
+  /** 建议文本内容。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** 该建议对应的能力标签标识（薄弱环节标签，需求 4.7）。 */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  /** 可信度标注（含 0%-100% 置信度，需求 4.8）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 信任封装输出标识，供按标识查看依据（需求 16.3）。 */
+  trustOutputId: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 对练报告（需求 4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `accuracy` 恒落在 [0, 100]（需求 4.5）。
+ * - `totalTimeSeconds` 以秒为单位、非负（需求 4.5）。
+ * - `weakAreas` 中每个能力标签正确率均低于 60%（需求 4.5）。
+ * - `suggestions` 与 `weakAreas` 一一对应，每条附 0%-100% 可信度标注（需求 4.7、4.8）。
+ */
+export interface PracticeReport {
+  /** 报告唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 对应会话标识。 */
+  sessionId: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 题目来源课程标识。 */
+  courseId: string;
+  /** 本次对练题目总数。 */
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  /** 作答正确题目数。 */
+  correctCount: number;
+  /** 作答错误题目数（含超时判错，需求 4.4）。 */
+  incorrectCount: number;
+  /** 正确率（0-100，百分比，需求 4.5）。 */
+  accuracy: number;
+  /** 总用时（秒，需求 4.5）。 */
+  totalTimeSeconds: number;
+  /** 各能力标签作答统计（全部标签，需求 4.5）。 */
+  tagBreakdown: CompetencyTagBreakdown[];
+  /** 薄弱环节列表（正确率 < 60% 的能力标签，需求 4.5）。 */
+  weakAreas: WeakArea[];
+  /** 针对各薄弱环节的改进建议（需求 4.7、4.8）。 */
+  suggestions: PracticeImprovementSuggestion[];
+  /** 成绩按能力标签映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 4.6）。 */
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  /** 报告生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/** 对练会话不存在的错误码（需求 4.2、4.5）。 */
+export const CODE_SESSION_NOT_FOUND = 'PRACTICE.SESSION_NOT_FOUND';
+
+/** 对练会话非"进行中"状态的错误码（需求 4.2、4.5）。 */
+export const CODE_SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS = 'PRACTICE.SESSION_NOT_IN_PROGRESS';
+
+/** 课程无可用于对练题目、无法发起对练的错误码（需求 4.1）。 */
+export const CODE_NO_AVAILABLE_QUESTIONS = 'PRACTICE.NO_AVAILABLE_QUESTIONS';
+
+/** 提交作答的题目并非当前应作答题目的错误码（需求 4.1：逐题顺序呈现）。 */
+export const CODE_NOT_CURRENT_QUESTION = 'PRACTICE.NOT_CURRENT_QUESTION';
+
+/**
+ * 对练计时时钟抽象。
+ *
+ * 将"当前时间"与系统时钟解耦，使单题超时判定（需求 4.4，120 秒）与总用时统计
+ * （需求 4.5）可在测试中以可控时钟精确驱动，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface PracticeClock {
+  /** 返回当前时间。 */
+  now(): Date;
+}
+
+/** 对练计时时钟的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const PRACTICE_CLOCK = Symbol('PRACTICE_CLOCK');
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..007933f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/repositories/in-memory-practice-engine.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  PracticeEngineRepository,
+  PracticeReport,
+  PracticeSession,
+  Question,
+  QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  QuestionStatus,
+} from '../practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版课程对练引擎仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱/学习空间底座风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，
+ * 作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的对象均深拷贝可变字段（数组、Date），避免外部引用篡改内部
+ * 状态，配合错误路径数据保全不变量（Property 7）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryPracticeEngineRepository
+  implements PracticeEngineRepository
+{
+  private readonly questions = new Map<string, Question>();
+  private readonly rejections = new Map<string, QuestionGenerationRejection>();
+  private readonly sessions = new Map<string, PracticeSession>();
+  private readonly reports = new Map<string, PracticeReport>();
+
+  async saveQuestion(question: Question): Promise<Question> {
+    const stored = this.cloneQuestion(question);
+    this.questions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneQuestion(stored);
+  }
+
+  async updateQuestion(question: Question): Promise<Question | null> {
+    if (!this.questions.has(question.id)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const stored = this.cloneQuestion(question);
+    this.questions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneQuestion(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findQuestion(id: string): Promise<Question | null> {
+    const found = this.questions.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneQuestion(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listQuestions(): Promise<Question[]> {
+    return [...this.questions.values()].map((q) => this.cloneQuestion(q));
+  }
+
+  async listQuestionsByCourse(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]> {
+    return [...this.questions.values()]
+      .filter((q) => q.courseId === courseId)
+      .map((q) => this.cloneQuestion(q));
+  }
+
+  async listAvailableQuestionsByCourse(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]> {
+    return [...this.questions.values()]
+      .filter(
+        (q) =>
+          q.courseId === courseId && q.status === QuestionStatus.Available,
+      )
+      .map((q) => this.cloneQuestion(q));
+  }
+
+  async countQuestions(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.questions.size;
+  }
+
+  async saveRejection(
+    rejection: QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection> {
+    const stored = this.cloneRejection(rejection);
+    this.rejections.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneRejection(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listRejections(): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection[]> {
+    return [...this.rejections.values()].map((r) => this.cloneRejection(r));
+  }
+
+  async listRejectionsByCourse(
+    courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection[]> {
+    return [...this.rejections.values()]
+      .filter((r) => r.courseId === courseId)
+      .map((r) => this.cloneRejection(r));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 对练会话与报告（任务 7.3，需求 4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  async saveSession(session: PracticeSession): Promise<PracticeSession> {
+    const stored = this.cloneSession(session);
+    this.sessions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneSession(stored);
+  }
+
+  async updateSession(
+    session: PracticeSession,
+  ): Promise<PracticeSession | null> {
+    if (!this.sessions.has(session.id)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const stored = this.cloneSession(session);
+    this.sessions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneSession(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findSession(id: string): Promise<PracticeSession | null> {
+    const found = this.sessions.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneSession(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async saveReport(report: PracticeReport): Promise<PracticeReport> {
+    const stored = this.cloneReport(report);
+    this.reports.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneReport(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findReport(id: string): Promise<PracticeReport | null> {
+    const found = this.reports.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findReportBySession(
+    sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<PracticeReport | null> {
+    const found = [...this.reports.values()].find(
+      (r) => r.sessionId === sessionId,
+    );
+    return found ? this.cloneReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  private cloneQuestion(question: Question): Question {
+    return {
+      ...question,
+      generatedAt: new Date(question.generatedAt),
+      options: question.options
+        ? question.options.map((o) => ({ ...o }))
+        : undefined,
+      authoritativeSources: question.authoritativeSources.map((s) => ({ ...s })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...question.competencyTagIds],
+      review: question.review
+        ? {
+            ...question.review,
+            reviewedAt: new Date(question.review.reviewedAt),
+          }
+        : undefined,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneRejection(
+    rejection: QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  ): QuestionGenerationRejection {
+    return {
+      ...rejection,
+      rejectedAt: new Date(rejection.rejectedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneSession(session: PracticeSession): PracticeSession {
+    const presentedAt: Record<string, Date> = {};
+    for (const [questionId, at] of Object.entries(session.presentedAt)) {
+      presentedAt[questionId] = new Date(at);
+    }
+    return {
+      ...session,
+      questionIds: [...session.questionIds],
+      answers: session.answers.map((a) => ({
+        ...a,
+        answeredAt: new Date(a.answeredAt),
+      })),
+      presentedAt,
+      startedAt: new Date(session.startedAt),
+      finishedAt: session.finishedAt
+        ? new Date(session.finishedAt)
+        : undefined,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private cloneReport(report: PracticeReport): PracticeReport {
+    return {
+      ...report,
+      tagBreakdown: report.tagBreakdown.map((b) => ({ ...b })),
+      weakAreas: report.weakAreas.map((w) => ({ ...w })),
+      suggestions: report.suggestions.map((s) => ({
+        ...s,
+        competencyTagIds: [...s.competencyTagIds],
+        annotation: {
+          ...s.annotation,
+          sources: s.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+        },
+      })),
+      competencyMappingIds: [...report.competencyMappingIds],
+      generatedAt: new Date(report.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/repositories/typeorm-practice-engine.repository.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/repositories/typeorm-practice-engine.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..308f532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/repositories/typeorm-practice-engine.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  PracticeAnswerRecord,
+  PracticeEngineRepository,
+  PracticeReport,
+  PracticeSession,
+  Question,
+  QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  QuestionStatus,
+} from '../practice-engine.types';
+import { PracticeReportEntity } from '../entities/practice-report.entity';
+import { PracticeSessionEntity } from '../entities/practice-session.entity';
+import { QuestionEntity } from '../entities/question.entity';
+import { QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity } from '../entities/question-generation-rejection.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的课程对练引擎仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，持久化题目、题目生成拒绝记录、对练会话与
+ * 对练报告（需求 3、4）。与内存实现共享 `PracticeEngineRepository` 接口，可在装配层
+ * 互换，并复刻其行为语义：
+ * - `updateQuestion` / `updateSession` 在目标记录不存在时返回 null（其余整体覆盖）。
+ * - 进出仓库的可变字段（数组、嵌套对象、Date）均做防御性拷贝，
+ *   JSONB 中序列化为字符串的 Date 在读出时重建为 `Date`。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmPracticeEngineRepository
+  implements PracticeEngineRepository
+{
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(QuestionEntity)
+    private readonly questionRepo: Repository<QuestionEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity)
+    private readonly rejectionRepo: Repository<QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(PracticeSessionEntity)
+    private readonly sessionRepo: Repository<PracticeSessionEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(PracticeReportEntity)
+    private readonly reportRepo: Repository<PracticeReportEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 题目（需求 3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  async saveQuestion(question: Question): Promise<Question> {
+    const entity = this.questionRepo.create(this.toQuestionEntity(question));
+    const saved = await this.questionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toQuestion(saved);
+  }
+
+  async updateQuestion(question: Question): Promise<Question | null> {
+    const exists = await this.questionRepo.count({
+      where: { id: question.id },
+    });
+    if (exists === 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const entity = this.questionRepo.create(this.toQuestionEntity(question));
+    const saved = await this.questionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toQuestion(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findQuestion(id: string): Promise<Question | null> {
+    const found = await this.questionRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toQuestion(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listQuestions(): Promise<Question[]> {
+    const all = await this.questionRepo.find();
+    return all.map((q) => this.toQuestion(q));
+  }
+
+  async listQuestionsByCourse(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]> {
+    const all = await this.questionRepo.find({ where: { courseId } });
+    return all.map((q) => this.toQuestion(q));
+  }
+
+  async listAvailableQuestionsByCourse(courseId: string): Promise<Question[]> {
+    const all = await this.questionRepo.find({
+      where: { courseId, status: QuestionStatus.Available },
+    });
+    return all.map((q) => this.toQuestion(q));
+  }
+
+  async countQuestions(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.questionRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 题目生成拒绝记录（需求 3.8）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  async saveRejection(
+    rejection: QuestionGenerationRejection,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection> {
+    const entity = this.rejectionRepo.create({
+      id: rejection.id,
+      courseId: rejection.courseId,
+      studentId: rejection.studentId,
+      topicId: rejection.topicId,
+      type: rejection.type,
+      code: rejection.code,
+      reason: rejection.reason,
+      rejectedAt: rejection.rejectedAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.rejectionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toRejection(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listRejections(): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection[]> {
+    const all = await this.rejectionRepo.find();
+    return all.map((r) => this.toRejection(r));
+  }
+
+  async listRejectionsByCourse(
+    courseId: string,
+  ): Promise<QuestionGenerationRejection[]> {
+    const all = await this.rejectionRepo.find({ where: { courseId } });
+    return all.map((r) => this.toRejection(r));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 对练会话与报告（需求 4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  async saveSession(session: PracticeSession): Promise<PracticeSession> {
+    const entity = this.sessionRepo.create(this.toSessionEntity(session));
+    const saved = await this.sessionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toSession(saved);
+  }
+
+  async updateSession(
+    session: PracticeSession,
+  ): Promise<PracticeSession | null> {
+    const exists = await this.sessionRepo.count({ where: { id: session.id } });
+    if (exists === 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const entity = this.sessionRepo.create(this.toSessionEntity(session));
+    const saved = await this.sessionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toSession(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findSession(id: string): Promise<PracticeSession | null> {
+    const found = await this.sessionRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toSession(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async saveReport(report: PracticeReport): Promise<PracticeReport> {
+    const entity = this.reportRepo.create(this.toReportEntity(report));
+    const saved = await this.reportRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toReport(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findReport(id: string): Promise<PracticeReport | null> {
+    const found = await this.reportRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findReportBySession(
+    sessionId: string,
+  ): Promise<PracticeReport | null> {
+    const found = await this.reportRepo.findOne({ where: { sessionId } });
+    return found ? this.toReport(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // domain → entity 映射（防御性拷贝）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  private toQuestionEntity(question: Question): QuestionEntity {
+    const entity = new QuestionEntity();
+    entity.id = question.id;
+    entity.courseId = question.courseId;
+    entity.studentId = question.studentId;
+    entity.topicId = question.topicId;
+    entity.type = question.type;
+    entity.stem = question.stem;
+    entity.options = question.options
+      ? question.options.map((o) => ({ ...o }))
+      : null;
+    entity.answer = question.answer;
+    entity.explanation = question.explanation ?? null;
+    entity.authoritativeSources = question.authoritativeSources.map((s) => ({
+      ...s,
+    }));
+    entity.competencyTagIds = [...question.competencyTagIds];
+    entity.status = question.status;
+    entity.generatedAt = new Date(question.generatedAt);
+    entity.review = question.review
+      ? {
+          ...question.review,
+          reviewedAt: new Date(question.review.reviewedAt),
+        }
+      : null;
+    return entity;
+  }
+
+  private toSessionEntity(session: PracticeSession): PracticeSessionEntity {
+    const entity = new PracticeSessionEntity();
+    entity.id = session.id;
+    entity.studentId = session.studentId;
+    entity.courseId = session.courseId;
+    entity.questionIds = [...session.questionIds];
+    entity.currentIndex = session.currentIndex;
+    entity.answers = session.answers.map((a) => ({
+      ...a,
+      answeredAt: new Date(a.answeredAt),
+    }));
+    const presentedAt: Record<string, Date> = {};
+    for (const [questionId, at] of Object.entries(session.presentedAt)) {
+      presentedAt[questionId] = new Date(at);
+    }
+    entity.presentedAt = presentedAt;
+    entity.status = session.status;
+    entity.startedAt = new Date(session.startedAt);
+    entity.finishedAt = session.finishedAt
+      ? new Date(session.finishedAt)
+      : null;
+    return entity;
+  }
+
+  private toReportEntity(report: PracticeReport): PracticeReportEntity {
+    const entity = new PracticeReportEntity();
+    entity.id = report.id;
+    entity.sessionId = report.sessionId;
+    entity.studentId = report.studentId;
+    entity.courseId = report.courseId;
+    entity.totalQuestions = report.totalQuestions;
+    entity.correctCount = report.correctCount;
+    entity.incorrectCount = report.incorrectCount;
+    entity.accuracy = report.accuracy;
+    entity.totalTimeSeconds = report.totalTimeSeconds;
+    entity.tagBreakdown = report.tagBreakdown.map((b) => ({ ...b }));
+    entity.weakAreas = report.weakAreas.map((w) => ({ ...w }));
+    entity.suggestions = report.suggestions.map((s) => ({
+      ...s,
+      competencyTagIds: [...s.competencyTagIds],
+      annotation: {
+        ...s.annotation,
+        sources: s.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+      },
+    }));
+    entity.competencyMappingIds = [...report.competencyMappingIds];
+    entity.generatedAt = new Date(report.generatedAt);
+    return entity;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // entity → domain 映射（防御性拷贝 + Date 重建）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  private toQuestion(entity: QuestionEntity): Question {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      courseId: entity.courseId,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      topicId: entity.topicId,
+      type: entity.type,
+      stem: entity.stem,
+      ...(entity.options != null
+        ? { options: entity.options.map((o) => ({ ...o })) }
+        : {}),
+      answer: entity.answer,
+      ...(entity.explanation != null
+        ? { explanation: entity.explanation }
+        : {}),
+      authoritativeSources: (entity.authoritativeSources ?? []).map((s) => ({
+        ...s,
+      })),
+      competencyTagIds: [...(entity.competencyTagIds ?? [])],
+      status: entity.status,
+      generatedAt: new Date(entity.generatedAt),
+      ...(entity.review != null
+        ? {
+            review: {
+              ...entity.review,
+              reviewedAt: new Date(entity.review.reviewedAt),
+            },
+          }
+        : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toRejection(
+    entity: QuestionGenerationRejectionEntity,
+  ): QuestionGenerationRejection {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      courseId: entity.courseId,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      topicId: entity.topicId,
+      type: entity.type,
+      code: entity.code,
+      reason: entity.reason,
+      rejectedAt: new Date(entity.rejectedAt),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toSession(entity: PracticeSessionEntity): PracticeSession {
+    const presentedAt: Record<string, Date> = {};
+    for (const [questionId, at] of Object.entries(entity.presentedAt ?? {})) {
+      presentedAt[questionId] = new Date(at);
+    }
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      courseId: entity.courseId,
+      questionIds: [...(entity.questionIds ?? [])],
+      currentIndex: entity.currentIndex,
+      answers: (entity.answers ?? []).map((a: PracticeAnswerRecord) => ({
+        ...a,
+        answeredAt: new Date(a.answeredAt),
+      })),
+      presentedAt,
+      status: entity.status,
+      startedAt: new Date(entity.startedAt),
+      ...(entity.finishedAt != null
+        ? { finishedAt: new Date(entity.finishedAt) }
+        : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private toReport(entity: PracticeReportEntity): PracticeReport {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      sessionId: entity.sessionId,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      courseId: entity.courseId,
+      totalQuestions: entity.totalQuestions,
+      correctCount: entity.correctCount,
+      incorrectCount: entity.incorrectCount,
+      accuracy: entity.accuracy,
+      totalTimeSeconds: entity.totalTimeSeconds,
+      tagBreakdown: (entity.tagBreakdown ?? []).map((b) => ({ ...b })),
+      weakAreas: (entity.weakAreas ?? []).map((w) => ({ ...w })),
+      suggestions: (entity.suggestions ?? []).map((s) => ({
+        ...s,
+        competencyTagIds: [...s.competencyTagIds],
+        annotation: {
+          ...s.annotation,
+          sources: s.annotation.sources.map((src) => ({ ...src })),
+        },
+      })),
+      competencyMappingIds: [...(entity.competencyMappingIds ?? [])],
+      generatedAt: new Date(entity.generatedAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/practice-engine/system-practice-clock.ts b/src/modules/practice-engine/system-practice-clock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfb9d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/practice-engine/system-practice-clock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { PracticeClock } from './practice-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 系统时钟实现（任务 7.3，需求 4.4、4.5）。
+ *
+ * 默认的 `PracticeClock` 实现，直接读取系统时间。用于单题超时判定（120 秒，
+ * 需求 4.4）与总用时统计（需求 4.5）的计时基准。测试可注入可控时钟替代本实现，
+ * 通过 `PRACTICE_CLOCK` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemPracticeClock implements PracticeClock {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/index.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9405739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export * from './profile-engine.types';
+export * from './profile-error';
+export * from './profile-engine.dto';
+export * from './profile-engine.controller';
+export * from './profile-engine.service';
+export * from './profile-engine.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.controller.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..427efd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { Controller, Get, Param } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { ProfileTraceabilityParamsDto } from './profile-engine.dto';
+import { ProfileEngineService } from './profile-engine.service';
+import { StudentProfile, TraceabilityRecord } from './profile-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎 HTTP 接口（`/api/profile`，需求 6）。
+ *
+ * 全部端点面向**学生本人**（`Role.Student`）：归属学生取自认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受请求体/路径中的 studentId。画像数据敏感（需求 7.1），
+ * 本控制器仅允许学生访问**本人**画像；导师查看学生画像走 mentor 模块授权链路，不在此处。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `GET /api/profile`：生成（或刷新）本人六维度画像（需求 6.1、6.2、6.4、6.5）。
+ * - `GET /api/profile/dimensions/:dimension/traceability`：读取某画像维度的可追溯来源
+ *   记录（需求 6.4）。`:dimension` 须为 `ProfileDimension` 枚举取值，非法时由全局
+ *   `ValidationPipe`（基于 `ProfileTraceabilityParamsDto`）返回 400。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应。
+ */
+@Controller('api/profile')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class ProfileEngineController {
+  constructor(private readonly profileEngine: ProfileEngineService) {}
+
+  /** 生成（或刷新）本人六维度画像（学生本人，需求 6.1、6.2、6.4、6.5）。 */
+  @Get()
+  async generateProfile(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ): Promise<StudentProfile> {
+    const result = await this.profileEngine.generateProfile(user.id);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 读取某画像维度的可追溯来源记录（学生本人，需求 6.4）。 */
+  @Get('dimensions/:dimension/traceability')
+  async getProfileTraceability(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param() params: ProfileTraceabilityParamsDto,
+  ): Promise<TraceabilityRecord[]> {
+    return this.profileEngine.getProfileTraceability(
+      user.id,
+      params.dimension,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.dto.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abe39c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { IsEnum } from 'class-validator';
+
+import { ProfileDimension } from './profile-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎请求参数 DTO（需求 6）。
+ *
+ * 画像端点（`GET /api/profile`）无请求体；维度可追溯查询的路径参数 `:dimension`
+ * 须为 `ProfileDimension` 枚举取值。复用 learning-space 既有约定：经全局
+ * `ValidationPipe` 校验，非法枚举值返回 400（避免越界查询）。
+ */
+export class ProfileTraceabilityParamsDto {
+  /** 画像维度（须为 `ProfileDimension` 枚举取值，非法时 400）。 */
+  @IsEnum(ProfileDimension)
+  dimension!: ProfileDimension;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..539071c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 6）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生生成本人画像 → 返回六维度画像（dimensions 长度为 6）。
+ * - 维度可追溯查询：合法维度返回数组；非法维度返回 400。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 非学生角色（导师）访问学生端点被拒（403，角色守卫）。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('ProfileEngine E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `s_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('学生生成本人画像 → 返回六维度画像', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/profile', undefined, token);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const profile = await res.json();
+    // 需求 6.2：六个画像维度齐全。
+    expect(Array.isArray(profile.dimensions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(profile.dimensions.length).toBe(6);
+    expect(typeof profile.hasInsufficientData).toBe('boolean');
+  });
+
+  it('合法维度可追溯查询返回数组', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/profile/dimensions/knowledge_mastery/traceability',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const records = await res.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(records)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('非法维度返回 400', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/profile/dimensions/not_a_dimension/traceability',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/profile');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色访问被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/profile', undefined, mentorToken);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.module.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8fa2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { LearningSpaceModule } from '@modules/learning-space';
+
+import { ProfileEngineController } from './profile-engine.controller';
+import { ProfileEngineService } from './profile-engine.service';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎模块（需求 6、需求 7.1、7.7）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现任务 9：
+ * - `generateProfile()`：基于学习空间内容与能力图谱数据生成六维度画像（0-100，5 秒内）。
+ * - 能力图谱更新后的数据同步（按需读取实时数据，再次生成即反映更新，需求 6.3）。
+ * - 每项结论可追溯 ≥1 来源记录（需求 6.4）；数据不足维度标记"数据不足"并保留其余
+ *   （需求 6.5）；敏感字段标记（需求 7.1）；数据最小化（需求 7.7）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`（底座）：复用 `CompetencyOverviewService` 的按维度 0-100
+ *   聚合口径（保证 Property 3 有界性），并通过 `COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY` 读取映射
+ *   记录以构造可追溯来源。
+ * - `LearningSpaceModule`：读取学生学习成果以丰富可追溯来源描述（需求 6.4）。
+ *
+ * 画像本身按需实时计算、不单独持久化（每次调用读取最新数据），从而满足需求 6.3 的
+ * "下一次访问反映更新后的数据"。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [CompetencyGraphModule, LearningSpaceModule],
+  providers: [ProfileEngineService],
+  controllers: [ProfileEngineController],
+  exports: [ProfileEngineService],
+})
+export class ProfileEngineModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.property.spec.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.property.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29485fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.property.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyData,
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyOverviewService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import {
+  InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository,
+  LearningSpaceService,
+} from '@modules/learning-space';
+
+import { ProfileEngineService } from './profile-engine.service';
+import {
+  PROFILE_DIMENSIONS,
+  PROFILE_SCORE_MAX,
+  PROFILE_SCORE_MIN,
+} from './profile-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * Property 3: 画像维度分值有界性（画像部分）
+ *
+ * 对任意学生数据生成的画像，每个维度的输出要么是 0 到 100 之间的数值，要么是
+ * "数据不足"（`INSUFFICIENT_DATA`）标记，不存在其他取值。
+ *
+ * **Validates: Requirements 6.2**
+ *
+ * 实现说明：画像分值复用 `CompetencyOverviewService` 的聚合口径（clamp 到 [0,100]、
+ * 数据不足标记），本属性测试以"任意能力映射数据"（含越界/小数/无分值等压力输入）
+ * 驱动画像生成，断言每个维度输出落在有界数值或数据不足标记两类之内。
+ */
+describe('Property 3: 画像维度分值有界性（画像部分）', () => {
+  const definedTagIds = DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS.map((t) => t.id);
+
+  /** 构造一套独立的画像引擎依赖（每次属性运行隔离状态）。 */
+  const buildService = async (): Promise<{
+    service: ProfileEngineService;
+    mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  }> => {
+    const repo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(repo);
+    const mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(repo);
+    const overviewService = new CompetencyOverviewService(repo);
+    const lsRepo = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+    const learningSpaceService = new LearningSpaceService(
+      lsRepo,
+      tagService,
+      mappingService,
+    );
+    const service = new ProfileEngineService(
+      repo,
+      overviewService,
+      learningSpaceService,
+    );
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+    return { service, mappingService };
+  };
+
+  /** 一条映射输入：一组已定义标签 + 可选分值（含越界与小数以压力测试 clamp）。 */
+  const mappingInputArb = fc.record({
+    referenceId: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+    tagIds: fc.uniqueArray(fc.constantFrom(...definedTagIds), {
+      minLength: 1,
+      maxLength: 10,
+    }),
+    source: fc.constantFrom(
+      ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+      ModuleSource.PracticeEngine,
+      ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice,
+      ModuleSource.AICollaboration,
+    ),
+    // 含越界/小数分值，以及偶发的无分值（undefined）。
+    score: fc.option(
+      fc.oneof(
+        fc.integer({ min: -50, max: 150 }),
+        fc.double({ min: -1000, max: 1000, noNaN: true }),
+      ),
+      { nil: undefined },
+    ),
+  });
+
+  it('每个画像维度的输出要么是 [0,100] 的数值，要么是数据不足标记', async () => {
+    await fc.assert(
+      fc.asyncProperty(
+        fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 8 }),
+        fc.array(mappingInputArb, { minLength: 0, maxLength: 20 }),
+        async (studentSuffix, mappingInputs) => {
+          const { service, mappingService } = await buildService();
+          const studentId = `stu-${studentSuffix}`;
+
+          for (const input of mappingInputs) {
+            const data: CompetencyData = {
+              studentId,
+              referenceId: `ref-${input.referenceId}`,
+              ...(input.score != null ? { score: input.score } : {}),
+            };
+            await mappingService.mapData(input.source, data, input.tagIds);
+          }
+
+          const result = await service.generateProfile(studentId);
+          // 有效学生标识恒生成成功。
+          expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+          if (!result.ok) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const profile = result.value;
+
+          // 画像始终涵盖全部六个已定义维度（保留其余维度，需求 6.5）。
+          expect(profile.dimensions).toHaveLength(PROFILE_DIMENSIONS.length);
+
+          for (const dimension of profile.dimensions) {
+            const score = dimension.score;
+            if (score === INSUFFICIENT_DATA) {
+              // 数据不足标记：合法；该维度无可追溯来源（需求 6.4）。
+              expect(score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+              expect(dimension.traceability).toEqual([]);
+            } else {
+              // 数值：必为 [0,100] 内的有限整数，不存在其他取值（需求 6.2）。
+              expect(typeof score).toBe('number');
+              expect(Number.isFinite(score as number)).toBe(true);
+              expect(Number.isInteger(score as number)).toBe(true);
+              expect(score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(PROFILE_SCORE_MIN);
+              expect(score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(PROFILE_SCORE_MAX);
+              // 数值结论必可追溯到 ≥1 来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+              expect(dimension.traceability.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+              // 每条来源记录的贡献分值同样有界。
+              for (const record of dimension.traceability) {
+                expect(record.contributedScore).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+                  PROFILE_SCORE_MIN,
+                );
+                expect(record.contributedScore).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+                  PROFILE_SCORE_MAX,
+                );
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+      { numRuns: 300 },
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c5aafa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyData,
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyOverviewService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import {
+  AchievementType,
+  InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository,
+  LearningSpaceService,
+} from '@modules/learning-space';
+import { SensitiveFieldCategory } from '@modules/compliance';
+
+import { ProfileEngineService } from './profile-engine.service';
+import { ProfileError } from './profile-error';
+import {
+  PROFILE_COLLECTED_FIELD_KEYS,
+  PROFILE_DIMENSIONS,
+  PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS,
+  PROFILE_SCORE_MAX,
+  PROFILE_SCORE_MIN,
+  ProfileDimension,
+} from './profile-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎服务测试（需求 6、7.1、7.7）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：六维度生成、0-100 分值、数据不足维度标记并保留其余、可追溯来源、
+ *   敏感字段标记、能力图谱更新后再次生成反映更新、数据最小化、错误路径。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 3（画像维度分值有界性，画像部分）位于
+ *   `profile-engine.property.spec.ts`。
+ */
+describe('ProfileEngineService（学生画像引擎，需求 6、7.1、7.7）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let mappingService: CompetencyMappingService;
+  let overviewService: CompetencyOverviewService;
+  let learningSpaceRepo: InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository;
+  let learningSpaceService: LearningSpaceService;
+  let service: ProfileEngineService;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    repository = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(repository);
+    mappingService = new CompetencyMappingService(repository);
+    overviewService = new CompetencyOverviewService(repository);
+    learningSpaceRepo = new InMemoryLearningSpaceRepository();
+    learningSpaceService = new LearningSpaceService(
+      learningSpaceRepo,
+      tagService,
+      mappingService,
+    );
+    service = new ProfileEngineService(
+      repository,
+      overviewService,
+      learningSpaceService,
+    );
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+  });
+
+  /** 便捷方法：映射一条带分值的能力数据（默认来源为学习空间）。 */
+  const mapScored = async (
+    studentId: string,
+    referenceId: string,
+    tagIds: string[],
+    score: number,
+    source: ModuleSource = ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+  ): Promise<void> => {
+    const data: CompetencyData = { studentId, referenceId, score };
+    await mappingService.mapData(source, data, tagIds);
+  };
+
+  describe('需求 6.1、6.2：六维度画像生成与 0-100 量化分值', () => {
+    it('生成的画像恰含六个维度且与定义对齐', async () => {
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const profile = result.value;
+      expect(profile.studentId).toBe('stu-1');
+      expect(profile.generatedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      expect(profile.dimensions).toHaveLength(6);
+
+      const dims = profile.dimensions.map((d) => d.dimension).sort();
+      expect(dims).toEqual([...PROFILE_DIMENSIONS].sort());
+    });
+
+    it('有数据的维度给出 0-100 的整数分值', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'ach-1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const knowledge = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(80);
+      expect(typeof knowledge.score).toBe('number');
+      expect(knowledge.score as number).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(PROFILE_SCORE_MIN);
+      expect(knowledge.score as number).toBeLessThanOrEqual(PROFILE_SCORE_MAX);
+    });
+
+    it('画像分值与能力概览口径一致（复用同一聚合）', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 70);
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a2', ['tag.knowledge.clinical'], 75);
+
+      const overview = await overviewService.getCompetencyOverview('stu-1');
+      const overviewKnowledge = overview.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimensionId === 'dim.knowledge',
+      )!;
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const profileKnowledge = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+      )!;
+
+      expect(profileKnowledge.score).toBe(overviewKnowledge.score);
+    });
+
+    it('越界分值被 clamp 到 [0,100]', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 150);
+      await mapScored('stu-2', 'b1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], -20);
+
+      const r1 = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      const r2 = await service.generateProfile('stu-2');
+      if (!isOk(r1) || !isOk(r2)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+
+      expect(
+        r1.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+        )!.score,
+      ).toBe(PROFILE_SCORE_MAX);
+      expect(
+        r2.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+        )!.score,
+      ).toBe(PROFILE_SCORE_MIN);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('需求 6.5：数据不足维度标记并保留其余维度', () => {
+    it('完全无能力数据时所有维度标记数据不足且维度齐全', async () => {
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-empty');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+
+      expect(result.value.dimensions).toHaveLength(6);
+      for (const dimension of result.value.dimensions) {
+        expect(dimension.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+        expect(dimension.traceability).toEqual([]);
+      }
+      expect(result.value.hasInsufficientData).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('部分维度有数据：有数据维度给分值，无数据维度标记数据不足并保留', async () => {
+      // 仅临床维度有数据。
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.clinical.decision'], 65);
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+
+      const clinical = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      )!;
+      expect(clinical.score).toBe(65);
+
+      const research = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ResearchAbility,
+      )!;
+      expect(research.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+
+      // 其余维度保留（维度齐全）。
+      expect(result.value.dimensions).toHaveLength(6);
+      expect(result.value.hasInsufficientData).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('仅有无分值映射的维度被标记数据不足（不足以刻画）', async () => {
+      const data: CompetencyData = { studentId: 'stu-1', referenceId: 'a1' };
+      await mappingService.mapData(ModuleSource.LearningSpace, data, [
+        'tag.knowledge.basic',
+      ]);
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const knowledge = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+      expect(knowledge.traceability).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('所有维度都有数据时无维度标记数据不足', async () => {
+      let i = 0;
+      for (const definition of PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS) {
+        // 取该能力维度下的任一标签。
+        const tagId = tagForCompetencyDimension(definition.competencyDimensionId);
+        await mapScored('stu-1', `a${i++}`, [tagId], 50);
+      }
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      for (const dimension of result.value.dimensions) {
+        expect(dimension.score).toBe(50);
+      }
+      expect(result.value.hasInsufficientData).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('需求 6.4：每项画像结论可追溯到 ≥1 来源记录', () => {
+    it('有分值维度至少含一条可追溯来源记录', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'ach-1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const knowledge = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+      )!;
+
+      expect(knowledge.traceability.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      const record = knowledge.traceability[0];
+      expect(record.dimension).toBe(ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery);
+      expect(record.sourceModule).toBe(ModuleSource.LearningSpace);
+      expect(record.referenceId).toBe('ach-1');
+      expect(record.competencyTagIds).toEqual(['tag.knowledge.basic']);
+      expect(record.contributedScore).toBe(80);
+      expect(record.recordedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      expect(typeof record.description).toBe('string');
+    });
+
+    it('结论-溯源一致性：数值维度必有来源，数据不足维度来源为空', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.research.literature-search'], 60);
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      for (const dimension of result.value.dimensions) {
+        if (dimension.score === INSUFFICIENT_DATA) {
+          expect(dimension.traceability).toEqual([]);
+        } else {
+          expect(dimension.traceability.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('来源记录区分学习成果与对练数据记录（需求 6.4）', async () => {
+      // 临床维度：一条来自学习空间、一条来自课程对练。
+      await mapScored(
+        'stu-1',
+        'ach-clinical',
+        ['tag.clinical.decision'],
+        70,
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+      );
+      await mapScored(
+        'stu-1',
+        'report-1',
+        ['tag.clinical.procedure'],
+        80,
+        ModuleSource.PracticeEngine,
+      );
+
+      const records = await service.getProfileTraceability(
+        'stu-1',
+        ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      );
+      const sources = records.map((r) => r.sourceModule);
+      expect(sources).toContain(ModuleSource.LearningSpace);
+      expect(sources).toContain(ModuleSource.PracticeEngine);
+    });
+
+    it('getProfileTraceability 对数据不足维度返回空数组', async () => {
+      const records = await service.getProfileTraceability(
+        'stu-empty',
+        ProfileDimension.ResearchAbility,
+      );
+      expect(records).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('学习成果来源描述包含成果标题', async () => {
+      // 先通过学习空间新增一条成果，使其映射到能力图谱并可被溯源描述引用。
+      const added = await learningSpaceService.addAchievement('stu-1', {
+        type: AchievementType.ClinicalClerkship,
+        title: '内科见习记录',
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-10-01T00:00:00Z'),
+      });
+      expect(isOk(added)).toBe(true);
+
+      const records = await service.getProfileTraceability(
+        'stu-1',
+        ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      );
+      // 临床见习成果会映射临床类标签；若有分值则可溯源（此处成果映射不带分值，
+      // 故主要验证无分值时临床维度无来源），改为断言学习空间映射存在。
+      // 为确保有来源，额外补一条带分值的学习空间映射并复用成果 id。
+      await mapScored(
+        'stu-1',
+        added.ok ? added.value.achievement.id : 'x',
+        ['tag.clinical.history-taking'],
+        75,
+        ModuleSource.LearningSpace,
+      );
+      const recordsWithScore = await service.getProfileTraceability(
+        'stu-1',
+        ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      );
+      const matched = recordsWithScore.find(
+        (r) => r.referenceId === (added.ok ? added.value.achievement.id : 'x'),
+      );
+      expect(matched?.description).toContain('内科见习记录');
+      // records before adding scored mapping may be empty; sanity check it's an array.
+      expect(Array.isArray(records)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('需求 6.3：能力图谱更新后再次生成反映更新后的数据', () => {
+    it('新增能力数据后再次生成画像反映新分值', async () => {
+      const before = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(before)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      expect(
+        before.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+        )!.score,
+      ).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+
+      // 模拟能力图谱更新。
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 90);
+
+      const after = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(after)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      expect(
+        after.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+        )!.score,
+      ).toBe(90);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('需求 7.1：敏感字段标记', () => {
+    it('临床技能维度被标记为敏感（健康与医疗记录）', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.clinical.decision'], 65);
+
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const clinical = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      )!;
+      expect(clinical.sensitive).toBe(true);
+      expect(clinical.sensitiveCategory).toBe(
+        SensitiveFieldCategory.MedicalRecord,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('非敏感维度不携带敏感类别', async () => {
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const knowledge = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+      )!;
+      expect(knowledge.sensitive).toBe(false);
+      expect(knowledge.sensitiveCategory).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('敏感标记不随数据有无而改变（标记基于维度定义）', async () => {
+      // 临床维度无数据（数据不足）时仍标记为敏感。
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-empty');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const clinical = result.value.dimensions.find(
+        (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+      )!;
+      expect(clinical.score).toBe(INSUFFICIENT_DATA);
+      expect(clinical.sensitive).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('需求 7.7：数据最小化', () => {
+    it('采集字段集合恰为六个画像维度本身（不含无关字段）', () => {
+      expect([...PROFILE_COLLECTED_FIELD_KEYS].sort()).toEqual(
+        [...PROFILE_DIMENSIONS].sort(),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('画像仅暴露与画像维度直接相关的分值字段，不含身份/联系方式等无关字段', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      const profile = result.value;
+      // 顶层字段仅限白名单。
+      expect(Object.keys(profile).sort()).toEqual(
+        ['dimensions', 'generatedAt', 'hasInsufficientData', 'studentId'].sort(),
+      );
+      // 每个维度只承载分值/溯源/敏感标记，不含姓名、电话、住址等无关字段。
+      for (const dimension of profile.dimensions) {
+        const keys = Object.keys(dimension);
+        expect(keys).not.toContain('name');
+        expect(keys).not.toContain('phone');
+        expect(keys).not.toContain('email');
+        expect(keys).not.toContain('idCard');
+        expect(keys).not.toContain('biometric');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径与隔离', () => {
+    it('缺失学生标识时拒绝生成并返回校验错误（需求 6.1）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.generateProfile('');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(ProfileError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(ProfileError.CODE_MISSING_STUDENT_ID);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('不同学生的画像互不干扰', async () => {
+      await mapScored('stu-1', 'a1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 80);
+      await mapScored('stu-2', 'b1', ['tag.knowledge.basic'], 40);
+
+      const r1 = await service.generateProfile('stu-1');
+      const r2 = await service.generateProfile('stu-2');
+      if (!isOk(r1) || !isOk(r2)) {
+        throw new Error('expected ok');
+      }
+      expect(
+        r1.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+        )!.score,
+      ).toBe(80);
+      expect(
+        r2.value.dimensions.find(
+          (d) => d.dimension === ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+        )!.score,
+      ).toBe(40);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * 测试辅助：取某能力维度下的任一默认标签 id。
+ */
+function tagForCompetencyDimension(competencyDimensionId: string): string {
+  const map: Record<string, string> = {
+    'dim.knowledge': 'tag.knowledge.basic',
+    'dim.clinical': 'tag.clinical.decision',
+    'dim.research': 'tag.research.literature-search',
+    'dim.humanistic': 'tag.humanistic.communication',
+    'dim.ai-collaboration': 'tag.ai.questioning',
+    'dim.career': 'tag.career.planning',
+  };
+  return map[competencyDimensionId];
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.service.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..208e0c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY,
+  CompetencyGraphRepository,
+  CompetencyMapping,
+  CompetencyOverview,
+  CompetencyOverviewService,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  ModuleSource,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { Achievement, LearningSpaceService } from '@modules/learning-space';
+
+import { ProfileError } from './profile-error';
+import {
+  PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS,
+  ProfileDimension,
+  ProfileDimensionScore,
+  StudentProfile,
+  TraceabilityRecord,
+} from './profile-engine.types';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎服务（需求 6、需求 7.1、7.7）。
+ *
+ * 职责：基于**个人学习空间内容**与**能力图谱数据**生成多维度学生画像；标记敏感字段；
+ * 遵循数据最小化。对应 `design.md` 组件 5「学生画像引擎」。
+ *
+ * 关键契约：
+ * - 需求 6.1：学生首次访问画像或学习空间/能力图谱数据更新时，5 秒内基于学习空间内容与
+ *   能力图谱数据生成画像。本实现按需读取实时数据（内存/单库聚合，远在 5 秒内）。
+ * - 需求 6.2：六个维度（知识掌握、临床技能、科研能力、人文素养、AI 协同素养、职业倾向）
+ *   各以 0-100 量化分值呈现。分值复用 `CompetencyOverviewService` 的聚合口径，保证有界性。
+ * - 需求 6.3：能力图谱数据更新后 10 秒内完成数据同步并在下一次访问反映更新——由于
+ *   `generateProfile` 每次调用读取实时数据，再次生成即反映更新后的能力图谱数据。
+ * - 需求 6.4：每项画像结论可追溯到生成该结论所依据的至少一条学习成果或对练数据记录。
+ *   由能力图谱中"已映射且带分值"的能力数据投影为 `TraceabilityRecord`。
+ * - 需求 6.5：数据不足以刻画某维度时标记"数据不足"（`INSUFFICIENT_DATA`）并保留其余维度。
+ * - 需求 7.1：将敏感维度（如临床技能=健康与医疗记录）标记为敏感字段。
+ * - 需求 7.7：仅采集与至少一个画像维度直接相关的能力数据字段（数据最小化）。
+ *
+ * 不变量（Property 3 画像维度分值有界性，画像部分）：每个维度的输出 `score` 要么是
+ * [0,100] 的数值，要么是 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 标记，不存在其他取值——通过复用能力概览
+ * 的 clamp 聚合口径保证。
+ *
+ * 结论-溯源一致性（需求 6.2 + 6.4）：维度分值为数值 ⟺ 至少存在一条带分值映射贡献该
+ * 维度 ⟺ 该维度至少有一条可追溯来源记录；维度标记"数据不足"则其来源记录为空。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ProfileEngineService {
+  /** 各来源模块的可追溯描述前缀（需求 6.4）。 */
+  private static readonly SOURCE_DESCRIPTION: Readonly<
+    Record<ModuleSource, string>
+  > = {
+    [ModuleSource.LearningSpace]: '学习成果',
+    [ModuleSource.PracticeEngine]: '课程对练数据记录',
+    [ModuleSource.ClinicalDialoguePractice]: '临床情景对话对练数据记录',
+    [ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill]: '研究资料查询数据记录',
+    [ModuleSource.AICollaboration]: 'AI 协同能力评估数据记录',
+    [ModuleSource.AIEvaluationEngine]: 'AI 评价数据记录',
+  };
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMPETENCY_GRAPH_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: CompetencyGraphRepository,
+    private readonly overviewService: CompetencyOverviewService,
+    private readonly learningSpaceService: LearningSpaceService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 生成（或刷新）某学生的六维度画像（需求 6.1、6.2、6.4、6.5、7.1、7.7）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 入参校验：`studentId` 必填（需求 6.1），缺失则拒绝生成、不读取任何数据。
+   * 2. 读取能力概览（`CompetencyOverviewService`，复用其按维度 0-100 的聚合口径）、
+   *    该学生的能力映射记录与学习成果（用于构造可追溯来源，需求 6.4、7.7）。
+   * 3. 由带分值映射投影出按画像维度分组的可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+   * 4. 逐个画像维度（六维度齐全，需求 6.2）组装分值：分值取自能力概览对应维度
+   *    （数值或"数据不足"，需求 6.5），附该维度可追溯来源与敏感标记（需求 7.1）。
+   *
+   * 数据保全：仅读取学习空间与能力图谱数据、不修改任何源数据。
+   * 动态同步（需求 6.3）：每次调用读取实时数据，能力图谱更新后再次调用即反映更新。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 目标学生标识。
+   */
+  async generateProfile(
+    studentId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<StudentProfile, ProfileError>> {
+    if (!studentId || studentId.trim() === '') {
+      return err(ProfileError.missingStudentId());
+    }
+
+    let overview: CompetencyOverview;
+    let mappings: CompetencyMapping[];
+    let achievements: Achievement[];
+    try {
+      // 数据最小化（需求 7.7）：仅读取与画像维度直接相关的能力数据与学习成果，
+      // 不读取/采集身份标识、联系方式、生物特征等与任一维度无关的字段。
+      [overview, mappings, achievements] = await Promise.all([
+        this.overviewService.getCompetencyOverview(studentId),
+        this.repository.listMappingsByStudent(studentId),
+        this.learningSpaceService
+          .listAchievements(studentId, {}, { page: 1, pageSize: 50 })
+          .then((page) => page.items),
+      ]);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return err(
+        ProfileError.generationFailed(
+          error instanceof Error ? error.message : undefined,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 构造按画像维度分组的可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+    const traceabilityByDimension = await this.buildTraceability(
+      mappings,
+      achievements,
+    );
+
+    // 逐维度组装画像分值（需求 6.2、6.5、7.1）。
+    const overviewByCompetencyDimension = new Map(
+      overview.dimensions.map((d) => [d.dimensionId, d]),
+    );
+
+    const dimensions: ProfileDimensionScore[] =
+      PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS.map((definition) => {
+        const overviewDimension = overviewByCompetencyDimension.get(
+          definition.competencyDimensionId,
+        );
+        // 能力概览始终涵盖全部已定义维度；缺失时按数据不足处理（防御性）。
+        const score = overviewDimension ? overviewDimension.score : INSUFFICIENT_DATA;
+        const traceability =
+          score === INSUFFICIENT_DATA
+            ? []
+            : traceabilityByDimension.get(definition.dimension) ?? [];
+
+        return {
+          dimension: definition.dimension,
+          dimensionName: definition.name,
+          score,
+          traceability,
+          sensitive: definition.sensitive,
+          ...(definition.sensitiveCategory != null
+            ? { sensitiveCategory: definition.sensitiveCategory }
+            : {}),
+        };
+      });
+
+    const hasInsufficientData = dimensions.some(
+      (d) => d.score === INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+    );
+
+    return ok({
+      studentId,
+      dimensions,
+      hasInsufficientData,
+      generatedAt: new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 返回某学生某画像维度的可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+   *
+   * 等价于生成画像后取该维度的 `traceability`。维度数据不足时返回空数组。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 目标学生标识。
+   * @param dimension 画像维度（`ProfileDimension` 取值）。
+   */
+  async getProfileTraceability(
+    studentId: string,
+    dimension: ProfileDimension,
+  ): Promise<TraceabilityRecord[]> {
+    const result = await this.generateProfile(studentId);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const found = result.value.dimensions.find((d) => d.dimension === dimension);
+    return found ? found.traceability : [];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由能力映射记录投影出按画像维度分组的可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+   *
+   * 仅**带分值**的映射可作为画像结论依据（与能力概览"足以计算能力水平"的口径一致）。
+   * 一条映射按其标签所属能力维度归集到对应画像维度（每个维度计一条来源）；分值越界时
+   * clamp 到 [0,100]，与能力概览口径保持一致。
+   */
+  private async buildTraceability(
+    mappings: CompetencyMapping[],
+    achievements: Achievement[],
+  ): Promise<Map<ProfileDimension, TraceabilityRecord[]>> {
+    const tags = await this.repository.listTags();
+    const tagToCompetencyDimension = new Map<string, string>();
+    for (const tag of tags) {
+      tagToCompetencyDimension.set(tag.id, tag.dimensionId);
+    }
+
+    // 能力维度 id → 画像维度。
+    const competencyDimensionToProfile = new Map<string, ProfileDimension>();
+    for (const definition of PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS) {
+      competencyDimensionToProfile.set(
+        definition.competencyDimensionId,
+        definition.dimension,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 学习成果 id → 成果（用于丰富学习空间来源描述，需求 6.4）。
+    const achievementById = new Map<string, Achievement>();
+    for (const achievement of achievements) {
+      achievementById.set(achievement.id, achievement);
+    }
+
+    const result = new Map<ProfileDimension, TraceabilityRecord[]>();
+
+    for (const mapping of mappings) {
+      // 无分值映射不作为画像结论依据（与能力概览口径一致）。
+      if (mapping.score == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const contributedScore = this.clamp(mapping.score);
+
+      // 计算本条映射触及的能力维度及其相关标签（每维度仅计一条来源）。
+      const dimensionsTouched = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+      for (const tagId of mapping.tagIds) {
+        const competencyDimensionId = tagToCompetencyDimension.get(tagId);
+        if (
+          competencyDimensionId == null ||
+          !competencyDimensionToProfile.has(competencyDimensionId)
+        ) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!dimensionsTouched.has(competencyDimensionId)) {
+          dimensionsTouched.set(competencyDimensionId, new Set<string>());
+        }
+        dimensionsTouched.get(competencyDimensionId)!.add(tagId);
+      }
+
+      for (const [competencyDimensionId, tagIds] of dimensionsTouched) {
+        const profileDimension =
+          competencyDimensionToProfile.get(competencyDimensionId)!;
+        const record: TraceabilityRecord = {
+          dimension: profileDimension,
+          sourceModule: mapping.source,
+          referenceId: mapping.referenceId,
+          competencyTagIds: [...tagIds],
+          contributedScore,
+          recordedAt: new Date(mapping.mappedAt),
+          description: this.describeSource(
+            mapping.source,
+            mapping.referenceId,
+            achievementById,
+          ),
+        };
+        const existing = result.get(profileDimension);
+        if (existing) {
+          existing.push(record);
+        } else {
+          result.set(profileDimension, [record]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 生成一条来源记录的可读描述（需求 6.4）。
+   *
+   * 学习空间来源若能定位到具体成果，则附其标题；否则按来源模块给出通用描述。
+   */
+  private describeSource(
+    source: ModuleSource,
+    referenceId: string,
+    achievementById: Map<string, Achievement>,
+  ): string {
+    if (source === ModuleSource.LearningSpace) {
+      const achievement = achievementById.get(referenceId);
+      if (achievement) {
+        return `学习成果「${achievement.title}」`;
+      }
+    }
+    const prefix =
+      ProfileEngineService.SOURCE_DESCRIPTION[source] ?? '能力数据记录';
+    return `${prefix} ${referenceId}`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将分值约束到 [0,100] 并四舍五入为整数（与能力概览 clamp 口径一致）。
+   *
+   * 这是可追溯来源分值有界性的保障，与画像维度分值有界性（Property 3）口径统一。
+   */
+  private clamp(value: number): number {
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN;
+    }
+    const rounded = Math.round(value);
+    if (rounded < OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN) {
+      return OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN;
+    }
+    if (rounded > OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX) {
+      return OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX;
+    }
+    return rounded;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.types.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e316860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-engine.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎（Profile_Engine）领域类型定义。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 6（画像生成与能力维度刻画）与需求 7.1、7.7（敏感字段标记、数据最小化）。
+ *
+ * 本文件聚焦"模型 + 维度口径定义"：
+ * - `ProfileDimension`：六个画像维度枚举（需求 6.2）。
+ * - 画像维度 → 能力图谱维度（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS`）的对齐映射，使画像分值
+ *   复用能力概览（`CompetencyOverviewService`）的聚合口径，从而保证有界性（Property 3）。
+ * - `TraceabilityRecord`：每项画像结论的可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+ * - `ProfileDimensionScore`：单维度分值（0-100 或"数据不足"）+ 可追溯来源 + 敏感标记。
+ * - `StudentProfile`：六维度学生画像（需求 6.2、6.5）。
+ * - 敏感字段口径（需求 7.1）与数据最小化口径（需求 7.7）。
+ *
+ * 设计说明：分值取值与"数据不足"标记复用能力图谱的 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 常量与
+ * `OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN/MAX` 边界，确保画像维度与能力概览口径一致（同一 Property 3）。
+ */
+
+import {
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS,
+  INSUFFICIENT_DATA,
+  InsufficientData,
+  ModuleSource,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX,
+  OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { SensitiveFieldCategory } from '@modules/compliance';
+
+/** 画像分值下界（需求 6.2：0-100，与能力概览口径一致）。 */
+export const PROFILE_SCORE_MIN = OVERVIEW_SCORE_MIN;
+
+/** 画像分值上界（需求 6.2：0-100，与能力概览口径一致）。 */
+export const PROFILE_SCORE_MAX = OVERVIEW_SCORE_MAX;
+
+/**
+ * 画像维度（Profile_Dimension，需求 6.2）。
+ *
+ * 至少包括六个维度：知识掌握、临床技能、科研能力、人文素养、AI 协同素养、职业倾向。
+ * 每个维度与能力图谱的一个能力维度（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS`）一一对齐，
+ * 以复用能力概览的聚合分值（需求 6.1 基于能力图谱数据生成画像）。
+ */
+export enum ProfileDimension {
+  /** 知识掌握。 */
+  KnowledgeMastery = 'knowledge_mastery',
+  /** 临床技能。 */
+  ClinicalSkills = 'clinical_skills',
+  /** 科研能力。 */
+  ResearchAbility = 'research_ability',
+  /** 人文素养。 */
+  HumanisticLiteracy = 'humanistic_literacy',
+  /** AI 协同素养。 */
+  AICollaborationLiteracy = 'ai_collaboration_literacy',
+  /** 职业倾向。 */
+  CareerOrientation = 'career_orientation',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 画像维度的定义元数据（需求 6.2、7.1）。
+ *
+ * - `competencyDimensionId`：对齐的能力图谱维度标识（聚合分值来源）。
+ * - `sensitive` / `sensitiveCategory`：该维度结论是否基于敏感数据生成而需标记为敏感字段
+ *   （需求 7.1）。例如临床技能维度由临床见习/实习与 OSCE 等健康与医疗记录衍生，
+ *   故标记为敏感（健康与医疗记录类别）。
+ */
+export interface ProfileDimensionDefinition {
+  /** 画像维度。 */
+  dimension: ProfileDimension;
+  /** 维度展示名称。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 对齐的能力图谱维度标识（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS` 中的 id）。 */
+  competencyDimensionId: string;
+  /** 该维度是否为敏感字段（需求 7.1）。 */
+  sensitive: boolean;
+  /** 敏感字段类别（`sensitive` 为 true 时给出，需求 7.1）。 */
+  sensitiveCategory?: SensitiveFieldCategory;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 六个画像维度的统一定义（需求 6.2、7.1）。
+ *
+ * 维度顺序与 `DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS` 对齐，便于逐维度复用能力概览分值。
+ *
+ * 敏感标记口径（需求 7.1）：
+ * - 临床技能（`ClinicalSkills`）：由临床见习/实习记录、OSCE 技能考核等**健康与医疗
+ *   记录**衍生，标记为敏感（`MedicalRecord`）。
+ * - 其余维度（知识掌握、科研能力、AI 协同素养、职业倾向）由学习与能力数据衍生，
+ *   不涉及身份标识/联系方式/健康记录/心理测评/生物特征，故不标记为敏感。
+ *
+ * 数据最小化口径（需求 7.7）：画像仅采集与这六个维度直接相关的能力数据字段，
+ * 不采集身份标识、联系方式、生物特征等与任一画像维度无关的字段。
+ */
+export const PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS: readonly ProfileDimensionDefinition[] = [
+  {
+    dimension: ProfileDimension.KnowledgeMastery,
+    name: '知识掌握',
+    competencyDimensionId: 'dim.knowledge',
+    sensitive: false,
+  },
+  {
+    dimension: ProfileDimension.ClinicalSkills,
+    name: '临床技能',
+    competencyDimensionId: 'dim.clinical',
+    sensitive: true,
+    sensitiveCategory: SensitiveFieldCategory.MedicalRecord,
+  },
+  {
+    dimension: ProfileDimension.ResearchAbility,
+    name: '科研能力',
+    competencyDimensionId: 'dim.research',
+    sensitive: false,
+  },
+  {
+    dimension: ProfileDimension.HumanisticLiteracy,
+    name: '人文素养',
+    competencyDimensionId: 'dim.humanistic',
+    sensitive: false,
+  },
+  {
+    dimension: ProfileDimension.AICollaborationLiteracy,
+    name: 'AI 协同素养',
+    competencyDimensionId: 'dim.ai-collaboration',
+    sensitive: false,
+  },
+  {
+    dimension: ProfileDimension.CareerOrientation,
+    name: '职业倾向',
+    competencyDimensionId: 'dim.career',
+    sensitive: false,
+  },
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * 校验画像维度定义与能力图谱默认维度完全对齐（开发期一致性保障）。
+ *
+ * 每个画像维度的 `competencyDimensionId` 必须命中 `DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS`，
+ * 否则该维度无法从能力概览取到分值。该断言在模块加载时执行，便于尽早发现维度漂移。
+ */
+const KNOWN_COMPETENCY_DIMENSION_IDS = new Set(
+  DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_DIMENSIONS.map((d) => d.id),
+);
+for (const definition of PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS) {
+  if (!KNOWN_COMPETENCY_DIMENSION_IDS.has(definition.competencyDimensionId)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `画像维度 ${definition.dimension} 对齐的能力维度未定义：${definition.competencyDimensionId}`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/** 全部画像维度（供生成器与遍历复用）。 */
+export const PROFILE_DIMENSIONS: readonly ProfileDimension[] =
+  PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS.map((d) => d.dimension);
+
+/**
+ * 画像采集的字段键集合（需求 7.7 数据最小化）。
+ *
+ * 画像仅采集与至少一个画像维度直接相关的字段——即六个维度本身的能力分值字段，
+ * 不采集与任一维度无关的字段（如身份标识、联系方式、生物特征）。该常量供
+ * 数据最小化校验与测试断言使用。
+ */
+export const PROFILE_COLLECTED_FIELD_KEYS: readonly string[] =
+  PROFILE_DIMENSION_DEFINITIONS.map((d) => d.dimension);
+
+/**
+ * 一条画像结论的可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4）。
+ *
+ * 每项画像维度结论应可追溯到生成该结论所依据的至少一条**学习成果**或**对练数据记录**。
+ * 该记录由能力图谱中"已映射且带分值"的能力数据投影而来：`sourceModule` 区分来源
+ * （学习空间=学习成果、课程对练/临床对话=对练数据记录等），`referenceId` 指向具体的
+ * 源业务对象（成果 id / 对练报告 id）。
+ */
+export interface TraceabilityRecord {
+  /** 该来源所支撑的画像维度。 */
+  dimension: ProfileDimension;
+  /** 来源模块（需求 6.4：学习成果 / 对练数据记录等）。 */
+  sourceModule: ModuleSource;
+  /** 源业务对象引用（学习成果 id / 对练报告 id 等）。 */
+  referenceId: string;
+  /** 贡献该维度的能力标签标识（去重）。 */
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  /** 该来源对维度的分值贡献（0-100，clamp 后）。 */
+  contributedScore: number;
+  /** 来源记录时间（映射创建时间）。 */
+  recordedAt: Date;
+  /** 可读的来源描述。 */
+  description: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单个画像维度的分值（需求 6.2、6.4、6.5、7.1）。
+ *
+ * 不变量（Property 3 画像维度分值有界性，画像部分）：
+ * - `score` 要么是 [0,100] 之间的数值（需求 6.2），要么是 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA` 标记
+ *   （需求 6.5），不存在其他取值。
+ *
+ * 其他约束：
+ * - 需求 6.4：`score` 为数值时，`traceability` 至少包含一条来源记录；标记为"数据不足"
+ *   时 `traceability` 为空。
+ * - 需求 7.1：敏感维度的 `sensitive` 为 true 并给出 `sensitiveCategory`。
+ */
+export interface ProfileDimensionScore {
+  /** 画像维度。 */
+  dimension: ProfileDimension;
+  /** 维度展示名称。 */
+  dimensionName: string;
+  /**
+   * 该维度的量化分值：0-100（需求 6.2），或数据不足时为 `INSUFFICIENT_DATA`（需求 6.5）。
+   */
+  score: number | InsufficientData;
+  /** 可追溯来源记录（需求 6.4；数据不足维度为空数组）。 */
+  traceability: TraceabilityRecord[];
+  /** 是否为敏感字段（需求 7.1）。 */
+  sensitive: boolean;
+  /** 敏感字段类别（`sensitive` 为 true 时给出，需求 7.1）。 */
+  sensitiveCategory?: SensitiveFieldCategory;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像（Student_Profile，需求 6.2、6.5）。
+ *
+ * 针对每个画像维度以 0-100 量化分值呈现学生能力分布；数据不足的维度标记为"数据不足"
+ * 并保留其余维度（不剔除任何已定义维度）。
+ */
+export interface StudentProfile {
+  /** 画像所属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 六个画像维度的分值（涵盖全部已定义维度，需求 6.2、6.5）。 */
+  dimensions: ProfileDimensionScore[];
+  /**
+   * 是否存在数据不足的维度（需求 6.5）。为 true 时上层应向学生呈现数据不足提示。
+   */
+  hasInsufficientData: boolean;
+  /** 画像生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/** "数据不足"标记常量再导出，便于画像消费方判定（与能力图谱同一口径）。 */
+export { INSUFFICIENT_DATA };
diff --git a/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-error.ts b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28071ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/profile-engine/profile-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+/**
+ * 学生画像引擎错误（需求 6、7）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `ProfileEngine` 接口（`design.md` 组件 5）中
+ * `Result<StudentProfile, ProfileError>` 的错误载体，统一承载画像生成的各类
+ * 非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 设计要点：
+ * - 画像生成对"数据不足"**不**走错误路径——数据不足以刻画某一维度时，该维度被标记为
+ *   "数据不足"并保留其余维度（需求 6.5），仍返回成功的画像。因此本错误主要覆盖：
+ *   - `missingStudentId()`：调用入参缺失学生标识（校验类）。
+ *   - `generationFailed()`：底层数据读取/聚合发生不可恢复的系统错误（系统类）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量：任一错误分支都不得使触发画像生成的数据进入不一致状态——画像生成
+ * 只读取学习空间与能力图谱数据、不修改任何源数据，仅返回错误（数据保全，见 design.md
+ * 错误处理章节）。
+ */
+export class ProfileError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 缺失学生标识的错误码（需求 6.1）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_MISSING_STUDENT_ID = 'PROFILE.MISSING_STUDENT_ID';
+  /** 画像生成失败的错误码（系统级故障）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_GENERATION_FAILED = 'PROFILE.GENERATION_FAILED';
+
+  /**
+   * 调用入参缺失学生标识（需求 6.1）。
+   *
+   * 生成画像须指明归属学生；缺失时拒绝生成、不读取任何数据，返回校验错误。
+   */
+  static missingStudentId(): ProfileError {
+    return new ProfileError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      ProfileError.CODE_MISSING_STUDENT_ID,
+      '生成学生画像需要提供学生标识',
+      { field: 'studentId' },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 画像生成过程中发生不可恢复的系统错误。
+   *
+   * 中止本次生成、保留源数据不变，返回失败提示（数据保全）。
+   */
+  static generationFailed(reason?: string): ProfileError {
+    return new ProfileError(
+      ErrorKind.System,
+      ProfileError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED,
+      '学生画像生成失败，已中止本次生成',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/citation-error.ts b/src/modules/research-query/citation-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4e4d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/citation-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CODE_CITATION_GENERATION_FAILED,
+  CODE_CITATION_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 引用生成错误（需求 11.3、11.7，对应 design.md 组件 7）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `ResearchQuerySkill.generateCitation()` 接口（design.md 组件 7）中
+ * `Result<Citation[], CitationError>` 的错误载体，统一承载引用生成阶段的各类非成功
+ * 结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 覆盖的错误分支：
+ * - `unsupportedFormat()`：请求的引用格式不在支持集合（Vancouver / GB/T 7714）内
+ *   （需求 11.3）。
+ * - `generationFailed()`：引用生成过程发生故障。中止本次引用生成、保留选定资料不变，
+ *   返回失败提示（需求 11.7）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（数据保全，需求 11.7）：任一错误分支都**不得**修改选定资料——
+ * `generateCitation` 失败时仅返回错误，选定资料保持不变。
+ */
+export class CitationError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 不支持的引用格式的错误码（需求 11.3）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT = CODE_CITATION_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+  /** 引用生成失败的错误码（需求 11.7）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_GENERATION_FAILED = CODE_CITATION_GENERATION_FAILED;
+
+  /**
+   * 请求的引用格式不受支持（需求 11.3）。
+   *
+   * 仅支持 Vancouver 与 GB/T 7714；其余格式归为校验类错误，保留选定资料不变。
+   */
+  static unsupportedFormat(format: string): CitationError {
+    return new CitationError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      CODE_CITATION_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT,
+      `不支持的引用格式「${format}」，仅支持 Vancouver 与 GB/T 7714`,
+      { format },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 引用生成过程发生故障，中止本次引用生成（需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * 保留选定资料不变，返回表明引用生成失败的提示。
+   */
+  static generationFailed(reason?: string): CitationError {
+    return new CitationError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      CODE_CITATION_GENERATION_FAILED,
+      '引用生成失败，已中止本次引用生成，选定资料已保留，请稍后重试',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/entities/search-query.entity.ts b/src/modules/research-query/entities/search-query.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1b8e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/entities/search-query.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { Column, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { PICOElements } from '../research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 检索式持久化实体（需求 10.1、10.8）。
+ *
+ * 表示由自然语言研究问题转换出的检索式（`SearchQuery` 领域类型的持久化映射），
+ * 归属到某个学生账户。`pico` / `meshTerms` / `keywords` 以 JSONB 存储；`rationale`
+ * 可空（AI 网关生成说明失败时降级为空）。持久化使「保留检索式不变」（需求 10.8）
+ * 可观测，并供任务 11.2（总结、证据分级、引用管理）消费已生成检索式。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'research_queries' })
+export class SearchQueryEntity {
+  /** 检索式唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  studentId!: string;
+
+  /** 原始自然语言研究问题（1-2000 字符，需求 10.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  question!: string;
+
+  /** 抽取的 PICO 要素（需求 10.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  pico!: PICOElements;
+
+  /** MeSH 主题词（≥1，需求 10.1）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  meshTerms!: string[];
+
+  /** 匹配到的医学关键词（去重，需求 10.3、10.6）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb', default: () => "'[]'" })
+  keywords!: string[];
+
+  /** 基于 MeSH 主题词构造的布尔检索表达式（PubMed 风格）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text' })
+  expression!: string;
+
+  /** 可选的检索式生成说明（生成失败时降级为空，故可空）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  rationale?: string | null;
+
+  /** 检索式生成时间。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  createdAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/export-error.ts b/src/modules/research-query/export-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0954979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/export-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CODE_EXPORT_FAILED,
+  CODE_EXPORT_NO_CITATIONS,
+  CODE_EXPORT_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 引用导出错误（需求 11.3、11.7，对应 design.md 组件 7）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `ResearchQuerySkill.exportCitations()` 接口（design.md 组件 7）中
+ * `Result<ExportFile, ExportError>` 的错误载体，统一承载引用导出阶段的各类非成功
+ * 结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 覆盖的错误分支：
+ * - `noCitations()`：无可导出引用（输入引用为空）。
+ * - `unsupportedTarget()`：请求的导出目标不在支持集合（EndNote / NoteExpress）内
+ *   （需求 11.3）。
+ * - `failed()`：导出过程发生故障。中止本次导出、保留已生成的引用不变，返回失败提示
+ *   （需求 11.7）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（数据保全，需求 11.7）：任一错误分支都**不得**修改已生成的引用——
+ * `exportCitations` 失败时仅返回错误，已生成的引用保持不变。
+ */
+export class ExportError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 无可导出引用的错误码（需求 11.7）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_NO_CITATIONS = CODE_EXPORT_NO_CITATIONS;
+  /** 不支持的导出目标的错误码（需求 11.3）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET = CODE_EXPORT_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET;
+  /** 导出失败的错误码（需求 11.7）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_FAILED = CODE_EXPORT_FAILED;
+
+  /**
+   * 无可导出引用（输入引用为空，需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * 归为校验类错误，保留已生成的引用不变（空集亦不被修改）。
+   */
+  static noCitations(): ExportError {
+    return new ExportError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      CODE_EXPORT_NO_CITATIONS,
+      '无可导出的引用，请先生成引用后再导出',
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 请求的导出目标不受支持（需求 11.3）。
+   *
+   * 仅支持 EndNote 与 NoteExpress；其余目标归为校验类错误，保留已生成的引用不变。
+   */
+  static unsupportedTarget(target: string): ExportError {
+    return new ExportError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      CODE_EXPORT_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET,
+      `不支持的导出目标「${target}」，仅支持 EndNote 与 NoteExpress`,
+      { target },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 导出过程发生故障，中止本次导出（需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * 保留已生成的引用不变，返回表明引用导出失败的提示。
+   */
+  static failed(reason?: string): ExportError {
+    return new ExportError(
+      ErrorKind.System,
+      CODE_EXPORT_FAILED,
+      '引用导出失败，已中止本次导出，已生成的引用已保留，请稍后重试',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/index.ts b/src/modules/research-query/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ef0a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export * from './research-query.types';
+export * from './question-error';
+export * from './source-error';
+export * from './summary-error';
+export * from './citation-error';
+export * from './export-error';
+export * from './medical-lexicon';
+export * from './summary-support';
+export * from './research-query.dto';
+export * from './research-query.controller';
+export * from './research-query.service';
+export * from './research-query.module';
+export * from './system-research-query-clock';
+export * from './entities/search-query.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-research-query.repository';
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/medical-lexicon.ts b/src/modules/research-query/medical-lexicon.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8f144d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/medical-lexicon.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * 医学词典与检索式抽取（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+ *
+ * 提供确定性的「自然语言研究问题 → PICO 要素 + MeSH 主题词」本地抽取逻辑，作为
+ * 检索式生成的事实基础与 AI 网关辅助的降级方案（需求 10.1）：
+ * - AI 网关用于在 10 秒预算内辅助生成检索式说明（rationale）；
+ * - 但 PICO/MeSH 的结构化抽取与「是否含可识别医学要素」（需求 10.6）的判定由本模块
+ *   确定性给出，保证可测、不依赖外部模型可用性。
+ *
+ * 设计：维护一个医学术语词典，每个词条声明匹配模式（中文术语或英文术语）、其规范的
+ * MeSH 主题词，以及它在 PICO 中的默认角色。抽取时对研究问题做大小写无关的子串匹配，
+ * 命中即纳入。无任何命中 → 视为「不含可识别医学要素」（需求 10.6）。
+ *
+ * 词典聚焦常见医学要素，覆盖范围有意保持精简；真实实现可由外部 MeSH 主题词表 /
+ * 术语服务替换本模块，抽取接口保持不变。
+ */
+
+import { PICOElements } from './research-query.types';
+
+/** PICO 角色（用于将命中的医学术语归位到 PICO 要素，需求 10.1）。 */
+export enum PICORole {
+  /** P：研究对象 / 人群。 */
+  Population = 'population',
+  /** I：干预措施。 */
+  Intervention = 'intervention',
+  /** C：对照。 */
+  Comparison = 'comparison',
+  /** O：结局指标。 */
+  Outcome = 'outcome',
+}
+
+/** 一个医学术语词条。 */
+interface MedicalTerm {
+  /** 匹配模式（中文术语或英文术语，大小写无关子串匹配）。 */
+  patterns: string[];
+  /** 规范 MeSH 主题词（需求 10.1）。 */
+  mesh: string;
+  /** 该术语在 PICO 中的默认角色（需求 10.1）。 */
+  role: PICORole;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 医学术语词典（需求 10.1）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖常见疾病、人群、干预、对照与结局术语。每条给出规范 MeSH 主题词与 PICO 角色。
+ */
+const MEDICAL_TERMS: readonly MedicalTerm[] = [
+  // ---- 疾病 / 人群（Population）----
+  { patterns: ['2型糖尿病', '二型糖尿病', 'type 2 diabetes', 'type2 diabetes'], mesh: 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['糖尿病', 'diabetes', 'diabetic'], mesh: 'Diabetes Mellitus', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['高血压', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive'], mesh: 'Hypertension', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['冠心病', '冠状动脉', 'coronary'], mesh: 'Coronary Disease', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['心肌梗死', '心梗', 'myocardial infarction'], mesh: 'Myocardial Infarction', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['心力衰竭', '心衰', 'heart failure'], mesh: 'Heart Failure', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['脑卒中', '中风', '脑梗', 'stroke'], mesh: 'Stroke', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['肺炎', 'pneumonia'], mesh: 'Pneumonia', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['哮喘', 'asthma'], mesh: 'Asthma', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['慢性阻塞性肺', '慢阻肺', 'copd'], mesh: 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['肺癌', 'lung cancer'], mesh: 'Lung Neoplasms', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['乳腺癌', 'breast cancer'], mesh: 'Breast Neoplasms', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['肝癌', 'liver cancer', 'hepatocellular'], mesh: 'Liver Neoplasms', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['胃癌', 'gastric cancer'], mesh: 'Stomach Neoplasms', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['结直肠癌', '结肠癌', 'colorectal cancer'], mesh: 'Colorectal Neoplasms', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['肿瘤', '癌症', 'cancer', 'neoplasm', 'tumor', 'tumour'], mesh: 'Neoplasms', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['抑郁', 'depression', 'depressive'], mesh: 'Depression', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['焦虑', 'anxiety'], mesh: 'Anxiety', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['慢性肾', '肾衰', 'chronic kidney', 'renal failure'], mesh: 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['乙肝', '乙型肝炎', 'hepatitis b'], mesh: 'Hepatitis B', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['新冠', '新型冠状病毒', 'covid-19', 'covid', 'sars-cov-2'], mesh: 'COVID-19', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['儿童', '小儿', 'pediatric', 'paediatric', 'children'], mesh: 'Child', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['老年', '老年人', 'elderly', 'aged'], mesh: 'Aged', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['孕妇', '妊娠', 'pregnant', 'pregnancy'], mesh: 'Pregnancy', role: PICORole.Population },
+  { patterns: ['患者', '病人', 'patient'], mesh: 'Patients', role: PICORole.Population },
+
+  // ---- 干预（Intervention）----
+  { patterns: ['二甲双胍', 'metformin'], mesh: 'Metformin', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['胰岛素', 'insulin'], mesh: 'Insulin', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['阿司匹林', 'aspirin'], mesh: 'Aspirin', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['他汀', 'statin'], mesh: 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['抗生素', '抗菌', 'antibiotic'], mesh: 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['化疗', 'chemotherapy'], mesh: 'Drug Therapy', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['放疗', '放射治疗', 'radiotherapy', 'radiation therapy'], mesh: 'Radiotherapy', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['手术', '外科', 'surgery', 'surgical'], mesh: 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['疫苗', '接种', 'vaccine', 'vaccination'], mesh: 'Vaccines', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['针灸', 'acupuncture'], mesh: 'Acupuncture Therapy', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['康复', 'rehabilitation'], mesh: 'Rehabilitation', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['运动', '锻炼', 'exercise', 'physical activity'], mesh: 'Exercise', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+  { patterns: ['饮食', '膳食', 'diet', 'dietary'], mesh: 'Diet', role: PICORole.Intervention },
+
+  // ---- 对照（Comparison）----
+  { patterns: ['安慰剂', 'placebo'], mesh: 'Placebos', role: PICORole.Comparison },
+  { patterns: ['对照', '常规治疗', 'standard care', 'usual care', 'control group'], mesh: 'Standard of Care', role: PICORole.Comparison },
+
+  // ---- 结局（Outcome）----
+  { patterns: ['死亡率', '病死率', 'mortality'], mesh: 'Mortality', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['生存率', '生存期', 'survival'], mesh: 'Survival Rate', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['复发', 'recurrence', 'relapse'], mesh: 'Recurrence', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['并发症', 'complication'], mesh: 'Postoperative Complications', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['生活质量', 'quality of life'], mesh: 'Quality of Life', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['疗效', '有效性', '效果', 'efficacy', 'effectiveness'], mesh: 'Treatment Outcome', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['不良反应', '副作用', 'adverse effect', 'side effect'], mesh: 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['血糖', '糖化血红蛋白', 'blood glucose', 'hba1c', 'glycemic'], mesh: 'Blood Glucose', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['血压控制', 'blood pressure'], mesh: 'Blood Pressure', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['预后', 'prognosis'], mesh: 'Prognosis', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+  { patterns: ['诊断', 'diagnosis', 'diagnostic'], mesh: 'Diagnosis', role: PICORole.Outcome },
+];
+
+/** 一个命中的医学术语抽取结果。 */
+export interface ExtractedTerm {
+  /** 命中的原文模式（首个匹配到的模式）。 */
+  matched: string;
+  /** 规范 MeSH 主题词。 */
+  mesh: string;
+  /** PICO 角色。 */
+  role: PICORole;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检索式抽取结果（需求 10.1）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：`hasMedicalElement === (meshTerms.length >= 1)`。当无任何命中时
+ * `hasMedicalElement` 为 false，调用方据此按需求 10.6 拒绝生成检索式。
+ */
+export interface ExtractionResult {
+  /** 抽取的 PICO 要素（需求 10.1）。 */
+  pico: PICOElements;
+  /** 去重后的 MeSH 主题词（需求 10.1）。 */
+  meshTerms: string[];
+  /** 去重后命中的原文医学关键词（需求 10.3 相关度计算依据）。 */
+  keywords: string[];
+  /** 基于 MeSH 主题词构造的布尔检索表达式（PubMed 风格）。 */
+  expression: string;
+  /** 是否含可识别医学要素（需求 10.6）。 */
+  hasMedicalElement: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从自然语言研究问题中确定性抽取 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+ *
+ * 处理：
+ * 1. 大小写归一后对每个词条做子串匹配，命中即记录（matched/mesh/role）。
+ * 2. 按 PICO 角色归位（同一角色多次命中时拼接为「a; b」，保留首次出现顺序）。
+ * 3. MeSH 主题词与关键词去重。
+ * 4. 以 MeSH 主题词构造 PubMed 风格布尔表达式：`"mesh1"[MeSH] AND "mesh2"[MeSH]`。
+ *
+ * 无任何命中时返回 `hasMedicalElement=false` 且 `meshTerms` 为空（需求 10.6）。
+ */
+export function extractSearchQuery(question: string): ExtractionResult {
+  const haystack = question.toLowerCase();
+  const hits: ExtractedTerm[] = [];
+
+  for (const term of MEDICAL_TERMS) {
+    const matched = term.patterns.find((p) =>
+      haystack.includes(p.toLowerCase()),
+    );
+    if (matched) {
+      hits.push({ matched, mesh: term.mesh, role: term.role });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // MeSH 主题词去重（保留首次出现顺序）。
+  const meshTerms = [...new Set(hits.map((h) => h.mesh))];
+  // 关键词去重（原文模式）。
+  const keywords = [...new Set(hits.map((h) => h.matched))];
+
+  const pico = buildPico(hits);
+  const expression = buildExpression(meshTerms);
+
+  return {
+    pico,
+    meshTerms,
+    keywords,
+    expression,
+    hasMedicalElement: meshTerms.length >= 1,
+  };
+}
+
+/** 按 PICO 角色归位命中术语（同角色多次命中拼接，去重）。 */
+function buildPico(hits: ExtractedTerm[]): PICOElements {
+  const byRole = new Map<PICORole, string[]>();
+  for (const hit of hits) {
+    const list = byRole.get(hit.role) ?? [];
+    if (!list.includes(hit.mesh)) {
+      list.push(hit.mesh);
+    }
+    byRole.set(hit.role, list);
+  }
+
+  const join = (role: PICORole): string | undefined => {
+    const list = byRole.get(role);
+    return list && list.length > 0 ? list.join('; ') : undefined;
+  };
+
+  return {
+    population: join(PICORole.Population),
+    intervention: join(PICORole.Intervention),
+    comparison: join(PICORole.Comparison),
+    outcome: join(PICORole.Outcome),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 由 MeSH 主题词构造 PubMed 风格布尔检索表达式。
+ *
+ * 形如 `"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[MeSH] AND "Metformin"[MeSH]`。无主题词时返回
+ * 空串（调用方不会在该情况下生成检索式，需求 10.6）。
+ */
+function buildExpression(meshTerms: string[]): string {
+  if (meshTerms.length === 0) {
+    return '';
+  }
+  return meshTerms.map((m) => `"${m}"[MeSH]`).join(' AND ');
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/question-error.ts b/src/modules/research-query/question-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87d8535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/question-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CODE_EMPTY_QUESTION,
+  CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT,
+  CODE_QUESTION_TOO_LONG,
+  MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH,
+  MIN_QUESTION_LENGTH,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 研究问题错误（需求 10.6，对应 design.md 组件 7）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `ResearchQuerySkill.generateSearchQuery()` 接口（design.md 组件 7）中
+ * `Result<SearchQuery, QuestionError>` 的错误载体，统一承载检索式生成阶段的各类
+ * 拒绝原因，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 覆盖的拒绝分支（需求 10.6：研究问题为空、超过 2000 字符或不含任何可识别医学要素时
+ * 拒绝生成检索式并返回指明问题的提示）：
+ * - `empty()`：研究问题为空（去空白后长度为 0）。
+ * - `tooLong()`：研究问题超过 2000 字符（需求 10.1 的长度上界）。
+ * - `noMedicalElement()`：研究问题不含任何可识别医学要素（无法抽取 MeSH 主题词 /
+ *   医学关键词）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（数据保全）：任一拒绝分支都**不得**创建检索式记录——
+ * `generateSearchQuery` 在校验阶段拒绝、不写入仓库，仅返回错误。
+ *
+ * 三类拒绝均归为校验类错误（`ErrorKind.Validation`）：均为输入不满足规格的前置条件
+ * 失败，而非 AI 生成失败或系统故障。
+ */
+export class QuestionError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind = ErrorKind.Validation;
+
+  constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  /** 研究问题为空的错误码（需求 10.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_EMPTY = CODE_EMPTY_QUESTION;
+  /** 研究问题超过 2000 字符的错误码（需求 10.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TOO_LONG = CODE_QUESTION_TOO_LONG;
+  /** 研究问题不含可识别医学要素的错误码（需求 10.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT = CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT;
+
+  /**
+   * 研究问题为空，无法生成检索式（需求 10.6）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝生成、不创建任何检索式记录，返回指明问题为空的提示。
+   */
+  static empty(): QuestionError {
+    return new QuestionError(
+      CODE_EMPTY_QUESTION,
+      '研究问题不能为空，请输入 1 至 2000 字符的研究问题',
+      { minLength: MIN_QUESTION_LENGTH, maxLength: MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 研究问题超过 2000 字符，无法生成检索式（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝生成、不创建任何检索式记录，返回指明问题超长的提示。
+   */
+  static tooLong(actualLength: number): QuestionError {
+    return new QuestionError(
+      CODE_QUESTION_TOO_LONG,
+      `研究问题长度为 ${actualLength}，超过上限 ${MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH} 字符，` +
+        '请精简后重试',
+      {
+        actualLength,
+        maxLength: MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH,
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 研究问题不含任何可识别医学要素，无法生成检索式（需求 10.6）。
+   *
+   * 拒绝生成、不创建任何检索式记录，返回提示学生补充医学要素（如疾病、人群、干预、
+   * 结局等）后重试。
+   */
+  static noMedicalElement(): QuestionError {
+    return new QuestionError(
+      CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT,
+      '未能从研究问题中识别到任何医学要素，无法生成检索式，' +
+        '请补充疾病、人群、干预或结局等医学要素后重试',
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository.ts b/src/modules/research-query/repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd136f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  ResearchQueryRepository,
+  SearchQuery,
+} from '../research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版研究资料查询技能仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱/临床对话等模块风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，
+ * 作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 TypeORM 实现在具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的检索式均深拷贝可变字段（数组、嵌套 PICO 对象、Date），避免
+ * 外部引用篡改内部状态，配合错误路径数据保全不变量（需求 10.8：检索来源全不可用时
+ * 保留检索式不变）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemoryResearchQueryRepository
+  implements ResearchQueryRepository
+{
+  /** 已持久化检索式，按 id 索引。 */
+  private readonly queries = new Map<string, SearchQuery>();
+
+  async saveQuery(query: SearchQuery): Promise<SearchQuery> {
+    const stored = this.cloneQuery(query);
+    this.queries.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return this.cloneQuery(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findQuery(id: string): Promise<SearchQuery | null> {
+    const found = this.queries.get(id);
+    return found ? this.cloneQuery(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listQueriesByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<SearchQuery[]> {
+    return [...this.queries.values()]
+      .filter((q) => q.studentId === studentId)
+      .map((q) => this.cloneQuery(q));
+  }
+
+  async countQueries(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.queries.size;
+  }
+
+  private cloneQuery(query: SearchQuery): SearchQuery {
+    return {
+      ...query,
+      pico: { ...query.pico },
+      meshTerms: [...query.meshTerms],
+      keywords: [...query.keywords],
+      createdAt: new Date(query.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/repositories/typeorm-research-query.repository.ts b/src/modules/research-query/repositories/typeorm-research-query.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0a1aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/repositories/typeorm-research-query.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  ResearchQueryRepository,
+  SearchQuery,
+} from '../research-query.types';
+import { SearchQueryEntity } from '../entities/search-query.entity';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的研究资料查询技能仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现检索式的持久化（需求 10.1、10.8）。
+ * 与内存实现共享 `ResearchQueryRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ *
+ * 防御性拷贝：进出仓库的检索式均深拷贝可变字段（嵌套 PICO 对象、数组、Date），
+ * 并在读取时将 `createdAt` 重建为 `Date`，避免外部引用篡改内部状态，配合错误路径
+ * 数据保全不变量（需求 10.8：检索来源全不可用时保留检索式不变）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmResearchQueryRepository
+  implements ResearchQueryRepository
+{
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(SearchQueryEntity)
+    private readonly queryRepo: Repository<SearchQueryEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveQuery(query: SearchQuery): Promise<SearchQuery> {
+    const entity = this.queryRepo.create({
+      id: query.id,
+      studentId: query.studentId,
+      question: query.question,
+      pico: { ...query.pico },
+      meshTerms: [...query.meshTerms],
+      keywords: [...query.keywords],
+      expression: query.expression,
+      rationale: query.rationale ?? null,
+      createdAt: query.createdAt,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.queryRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toSearchQuery(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findQuery(id: string): Promise<SearchQuery | null> {
+    const found = await this.queryRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toSearchQuery(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listQueriesByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<SearchQuery[]> {
+    const all = await this.queryRepo.find({ where: { studentId } });
+    return all.map((q) => this.toSearchQuery(q));
+  }
+
+  async countQueries(): Promise<number> {
+    return this.queryRepo.count();
+  }
+
+  private toSearchQuery(entity: SearchQueryEntity): SearchQuery {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      studentId: entity.studentId,
+      question: entity.question,
+      pico: { ...(entity.pico ?? {}) },
+      meshTerms: [...(entity.meshTerms ?? [])],
+      keywords: [...(entity.keywords ?? [])],
+      expression: entity.expression,
+      ...(entity.rationale != null ? { rationale: entity.rationale } : {}),
+      createdAt: new Date(entity.createdAt),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.controller.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc87e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+import { ReferenceItem } from '@infra/reference-source';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import {
+  ExportCitationsDto,
+  GenerateCitationDto,
+  GenerateSearchQueryDto,
+  SearchDto,
+  SummarizeDto,
+} from './research-query.dto';
+import { ResearchQueryService } from './research-query.service';
+import {
+  Citation,
+  ExportFile,
+  ReferenceSearchResult,
+  SearchQuery,
+  Summary,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能 HTTP 接口（`/api/research`，需求 10、11）。
+ *
+ * 全部端点面向**学生本人**（`Role.Student`）：归属学生取自认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`），不接受请求体中的 studentId，避免越权操作他人数据
+ * （学生角色的 `id` 即 `studentId`）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `POST /api/research/search-queries`：自然语言研究问题 → 检索式（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+ * - `POST /api/research/search`：在指定来源范围内检索（需求 10.2-10.5、10.7、10.8）。
+ *   空结果为**成功**（携带 `notice`，需求 10.7），仅来源全不可用/检索故障等为错误。
+ * - `POST /api/research/summaries`：对检索结果生成可追溯总结并分级（需求 11.1、11.2、11.4-11.6）。
+ * - `POST /api/research/citations`：按所选格式生成引用（需求 11.3、11.7）。
+ * - `POST /api/research/citations/export`：导出引用为 EndNote / NoteExpress 格式（需求 11.3、11.7）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射为标准 HTTP 错误响应（问题校验失败 → 400、
+ * 生成失败/超时 → 500 等）。
+ *
+ * 复杂入参（检索式 `query`、检索条目 `items`、引用 `citations`）由前序端点原样产出、
+ * 客户端回传；DTO 仅做轻量校验，controller 将其按既有领域类型透传给 service。
+ */
+@Controller('api/research')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class ResearchQueryController {
+  constructor(private readonly research: ResearchQueryService) {}
+
+  /** 将自然语言研究问题转换为检索式（学生本人，需求 10.1、10.6）。 */
+  @Post('search-queries')
+  async generateSearchQuery(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() dto: GenerateSearchQueryDto,
+  ): Promise<SearchQuery> {
+    const result = await this.research.generateSearchQuery(
+      user.id,
+      dto.question,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 在指定资料来源范围内检索（学生本人，需求 10.2-10.5、10.7、10.8）。 */
+  @Post('search')
+  async search(@Body() dto: SearchDto): Promise<ReferenceSearchResult> {
+    const result = await this.research.search(
+      dto.query as unknown as SearchQuery,
+      dto.sources,
+      dto.filter,
+      dto.pagination ?? {},
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 对检索结果生成可追溯的资料总结并标注证据分级（学生本人，需求 11.1、11.2、11.4-11.6）。 */
+  @Post('summaries')
+  async summarize(@Body() dto: SummarizeDto): Promise<Summary> {
+    const result = await this.research.summarize(
+      dto.items as unknown as ReferenceItem[],
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 为选定资料按所选格式生成引用（学生本人，需求 11.3、11.7）。 */
+  @Post('citations')
+  generateCitation(@Body() dto: GenerateCitationDto): Citation[] {
+    const result = this.research.generateCitation(
+      dto.items as unknown as ReferenceItem[],
+      dto.format,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 将已生成的引用导出为 EndNote / NoteExpress 可识别格式（学生本人，需求 11.3、11.7）。 */
+  @Post('citations/export')
+  exportCitations(@Body() dto: ExportCitationsDto): ExportFile {
+    const result = this.research.exportCitations(
+      dto.citations as unknown as Citation[],
+      dto.target,
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.dto.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3f751d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import { Type } from 'class-transformer';
+import {
+  IsArray,
+  IsEnum,
+  IsInt,
+  IsISO8601,
+  IsNumber,
+  IsObject,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  Max,
+  MaxLength,
+  Min,
+  ValidateNested,
+} from 'class-validator';
+
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE } from '@common/pagination';
+import { ReferenceSourceType } from '@infra/reference-source';
+
+import {
+  CitationFormat,
+  ExportTarget,
+  MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH,
+  ReferenceFilter,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能 HTTP 请求体 DTO（需求 10、11）。
+ *
+ * 与 learning-space / clinical-dialogue 的 DTO 约定一致：使用 class-validator 装饰器在
+ * 全局 `ValidationPipe`（whitelist + transform）下完成请求体校验；归属学生由认证身份
+ * （`@CurrentUser().id`）决定，不在请求体中传 studentId（防越权）。
+ *
+ * 复杂嵌套结构（已生成的检索式 `SearchQuery`、检索条目 `ReferenceItem[]`、引用
+ * `Citation[]`）按「最小但存在」的原则做轻量校验（`@IsObject` / `@IsArray`），不展开
+ * 深层嵌套 DTO——这些对象由前序端点（generateSearchQuery / search / summarize /
+ * generateCitation）原样产出，客户端回传即可，service 内部仅对其只读消费。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 生成检索式请求体（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+ *
+ * 仅需自然语言研究问题；为空/超长/无医学要素时由 service 返回校验类 `QuestionError`
+ * （经 `toHttpException` 映射为 400）。此处仅做长度上界的前置校验。
+ */
+export class GenerateSearchQueryDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH)
+  question!: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检索结果筛选条件请求体（需求 10.3）。
+ *
+ * 各条件均可选：发表时间区间（ISO 日期串）、来源类型集合、相关度阈值（0-100）。
+ */
+export class ReferenceFilterDto implements ReferenceFilter {
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsISO8601()
+  publishedAfter?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsISO8601()
+  publishedBefore?: string;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsArray()
+  @IsEnum(ReferenceSourceType, { each: true })
+  sourceTypes?: ReferenceSourceType[];
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsNumber()
+  @Min(0)
+  @Max(100)
+  minRelevance?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 分页参数请求体（每页 ≤ `MAX_PAGE_SIZE`，需求 10.2，Property 8）。
+ *
+ * service 的 `paginate` 仍会再做钳制（双重保障）。
+ */
+export class SearchPaginationDto {
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsInt()
+  @Min(1)
+  page?: number;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsInt()
+  @Min(1)
+  @Max(MAX_PAGE_SIZE)
+  pageSize?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检索请求体（需求 10.2、10.3）。
+ *
+ * `query` 为前序 `POST /api/research/search-queries` 已生成并持久化的检索式值对象，
+ * 客户端原样回传（service 对其全程只读，需求 10.8「保留检索式不变」）；`sources` 为指定
+ * 检索的资料来源范围；`filter` / `pagination` 可选。
+ */
+export class SearchDto {
+  /** 已生成的检索式（值对象，由 generateSearchQuery 产出后原样回传）。 */
+  @IsObject()
+  query!: Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  @IsArray()
+  @IsEnum(ReferenceSourceType, { each: true })
+  sources!: ReferenceSourceType[];
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @ValidateNested()
+  @Type(() => ReferenceFilterDto)
+  filter?: ReferenceFilterDto;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @ValidateNested()
+  @Type(() => SearchPaginationDto)
+  pagination?: SearchPaginationDto;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 资料总结请求体（需求 11.1）。
+ *
+ * `items` 为待总结的检索结果条目（由 `search` 产出后原样回传）；为空时 service 返回
+ * `SummaryError.noItems()`。
+ */
+export class SummarizeDto {
+  @IsArray()
+  items!: Record<string, unknown>[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 生成引用请求体（需求 11.3、11.7）。
+ *
+ * `items` 为选定的检索结果条目；`format` 为引用格式（Vancouver / GB/T 7714）。
+ */
+export class GenerateCitationDto {
+  @IsArray()
+  items!: Record<string, unknown>[];
+
+  @IsEnum(CitationFormat)
+  format!: CitationFormat;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 导出引用请求体（需求 11.3、11.7）。
+ *
+ * `citations` 为已生成的引用（由 `generateCitation` 产出后原样回传）；`target` 为导出
+ * 目标（EndNote / NoteExpress）。
+ */
+export class ExportCitationsDto {
+  @IsArray()
+  citations!: Record<string, unknown>[];
+
+  @IsEnum(ExportTarget)
+  target!: ExportTarget;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacfa47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 10、11）。
+ *
+ * 启动完整 Nest 应用（含全局认证/角色守卫、校验管道），用 Node 内置 fetch 验证：
+ * - 学生生成检索式（需求 10.1）→ 在指定来源范围内检索（需求 10.2，每页≤50）→ 对结果
+ *   生成总结（需求 11.1、11.2）→ 生成引用（需求 11.3）→ 导出引用（需求 11.3）全流程。
+ * - 无医学要素的研究问题返回 400（需求 10.6）。
+ * - 未认证访问被拒（401）。
+ * - 非学生角色访问被拒（403，角色守卫）。
+ *
+ * 默认 `MockReferenceSourceAdapter`：未配置固定条目时，对每个可用来源返回一条 mock
+ * 条目，故 happy-path 无需额外 seeding 即可得到非空结果。
+ *
+ * 默认内存仓库（未设 DB_ENABLED）。
+ */
+describe('ResearchQuery E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: unknown,
+    token?: string,
+  ) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `s_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+
+  /** 注册并登录一个指定角色的用户，返回访问令牌。 */
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    const password = 'sup3rsecret';
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password,
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', { username, password });
+    const json = await res.json();
+    return json.accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('生成检索式 → 检索 → 总结 → 生成引用 → 导出全流程', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+
+    // 生成检索式（需求 10.1）。
+    const queryRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/search-queries',
+      { question: '二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病对血糖控制的疗效如何？' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(queryRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const query = await queryRes.json();
+    expect(typeof query.id).toBe('string');
+    expect(Array.isArray(query.meshTerms)).toBe(true);
+    expect(query.meshTerms.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // 在指定来源范围内检索（需求 10.2，每页≤50）。
+    const searchRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/search',
+      {
+        query,
+        sources: ['PUBMED', 'CNKI'],
+        pagination: { page: 1, pageSize: 50 },
+      },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(searchRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const searchResult = await searchRes.json();
+    expect(searchResult.queryId).toBe(query.id);
+    expect(Array.isArray(searchResult.page.items)).toBe(true);
+    expect(searchResult.page.items.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(searchResult.page.pageSize).toBeLessThanOrEqual(50);
+    expect(searchResult.empty).toBe(false);
+
+    const items = searchResult.page.items;
+
+    // 生成总结（需求 11.1、11.2）。
+    const summaryRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/summaries',
+      { items },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(summaryRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const summary = await summaryRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(summary.conclusions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(Array.isArray(summary.gradedItems)).toBe(true);
+    expect(summary.gradedItems.length).toBe(items.length);
+    expect(summary.notice).toBe('仅辅助检索与总结，不替代阅读原文');
+
+    // 生成引用（需求 11.3）。
+    const citationRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/citations',
+      { items, format: 'VANCOUVER' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(citationRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const citations = await citationRes.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(citations)).toBe(true);
+    expect(citations.length).toBe(items.length);
+
+    // 导出引用（需求 11.3）。
+    const exportRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/citations/export',
+      { citations, target: 'ENDNOTE' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(exportRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const exportFile = await exportRes.json();
+    expect(exportFile.target).toBe('ENDNOTE');
+    expect(exportFile.count).toBe(citations.length);
+    expect(typeof exportFile.content).toBe('string');
+  });
+
+  it('无医学要素的研究问题返回 400（需求 10.6）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/search-queries',
+      { question: '今天天气怎么样' },
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('缺必填字段（question）返回 400', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/research/search-queries', {}, token);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/research/search-queries', {
+      question: '糖尿病',
+    });
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('非学生角色访问被拒（403）', async () => {
+    const mentorToken = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/research/search-queries',
+      { question: '高血压的治疗' },
+      mentorToken,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.module.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c22319c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { ReferenceSourceModule } from '@infra/reference-source';
+import { AITrustModule } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { SearchQueryEntity } from './entities/search-query.entity';
+import { InMemoryResearchQueryRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository';
+import { TypeOrmResearchQueryRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-research-query.repository';
+import { ResearchQueryController } from './research-query.controller';
+import { ResearchQueryService } from './research-query.service';
+import {
+  RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK,
+  RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY,
+} from './research-query.types';
+import { SystemResearchQueryClock } from './system-research-query-clock';
+
+/** 研究资料查询技能持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const RESEARCH_QUERY_ENTITIES = [SearchQueryEntity];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 10 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmResearchQueryRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemoryResearchQueryRepository,
+      {
+        provide: RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemoryResearchQueryRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能模块（需求 10，对应 design.md 组件 7「研究资料查询技能」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现任务 11.1：
+ * - `generateSearchQuery()`：自然语言研究问题 → 含 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词的检索式
+ *   （10 秒内，问题 1-2000 字符，需求 10.1）；问题为空/超长/无医学要素时拒绝生成
+ *   并提示（需求 10.6）。
+ * - `search()`：在指定资料来源范围内检索（30 秒内），每页≤50 分页（需求 10.2）；
+ *   支持按发表时间/来源类型/相关度筛选（需求 10.3）；结果仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接
+ *   （需求 10.4）；空结果返回空列表并提示（需求 10.7）；指定来源全不可用时中止、保留
+ *   检索式、提示（需求 10.8）；查询完成 5 秒内映射能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+ *
+ * 任务 11.2（总结、证据分级、引用管理）将在本模块内扩展，复用本模块的检索式与检索
+ * 结果类型与持久化。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `AIGatewayModule`：经统一 AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY` 令牌）辅助生成检索式说明
+ *   （需求 10.1）。
+ * - `ReferenceSourceModule`：经资料来源适配器（`REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER` 令牌）在
+ *   指定来源范围内检索（需求 10.2、10.7、10.8）。
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`：经 `CompetencyMappingService` 将查询使用情况按能力标签
+ *   映射到能力图谱（需求 10.5），经 `CompetencyTagService` 校验能力标签为已定义标签。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行——
+ * 使「保留检索式不变」（需求 10.8）可观测，并供任务 11.2 消费已生成检索式。
+ *
+ * 计时时钟 `RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK`：默认绑定系统时钟（`SystemResearchQueryClock`），
+ * 用于检索式生成时间戳；测试可注入可控时钟替代。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    ReferenceSourceModule,
+    AITrustModule,
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(RESEARCH_QUERY_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    SystemResearchQueryClock,
+    {
+      provide: RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK,
+      useExisting: SystemResearchQueryClock,
+    },
+    ResearchQueryService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [ResearchQueryController],
+  exports: [
+    ResearchQueryService,
+    RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY,
+    RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK,
+  ],
+})
+export class ResearchQueryModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.property.spec.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.property.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97a60eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.property.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import {
+  MockReferenceSourceAdapter,
+  ReferenceItem,
+  ReferenceSourceType,
+} from '@infra/reference-source';
+import { isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { InMemoryResearchQueryRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository';
+import { ResearchQueryService } from './research-query.service';
+import { isTraceableItem } from './summary-support';
+import {
+  EVIDENCE_LEVELS,
+  ResearchQueryClock,
+  UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * Property 5: 引用可追溯不变量
+ *
+ * 对任意生成的总结，作为引用输出的每条结论都必然可追溯到至少一条来源条目；
+ * 无法溯源的结论必然被标注为「未验证/未经核验」且不出现在引用输出中。
+ *
+ * **Validates: Requirements 11.1, 11.4, 16.4**
+ *
+ * 实现说明：以「任意可追溯与不可追溯资料的混合」为输入驱动 `summarize()`，对每次
+ * 生成的总结断言：
+ * 1. 引用输出中的每条结论 `verified === true` 且至少含一条引用（可追溯，需求 11.1）。
+ * 2. 任何 `verified === false` 的结论标注「未验证」、无引用，且不出现在引用输出
+ *    （需求 11.4，16.4）。
+ * 3. 引用输出恰为全部可追溯结论；可追溯结论数等于可追溯资料数。
+ * 4. 每条纳入资料标注唯一且取自预定义集合的证据分级（需求 11.2，作为辅助断言）。
+ */
+describe('Property 5: 引用可追溯不变量（需求 11.1、11.4、16.4）', () => {
+  /** 可控时钟（固定时间戳，保证可重复）。 */
+  class FixedClock implements ResearchQueryClock {
+    now(): Date {
+      return new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 构造一套独立的研究查询服务（每次属性运行隔离状态）。 */
+  const buildService = async (): Promise<ResearchQueryService> => {
+    const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    gateway.setBehavior('success');
+    const adapter = new MockReferenceSourceAdapter();
+    const repository = new InMemoryResearchQueryRepository();
+    const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    const mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+    return new ResearchQueryService(
+      gateway,
+      adapter,
+      repository,
+      new FixedClock(),
+      mapping,
+      tagService,
+      new AITrustService(),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const sourceTypeArb = fc.constantFrom(
+    ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+    ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+    ReferenceSourceType.Wanfang,
+    ReferenceSourceType.UpToDate,
+    ReferenceSourceType.Cochrane,
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * 一条资料条目生成器：随机决定是否可追溯。
+   *
+   * - 可追溯：具备非空 `id` 与非空 `url`。
+   * - 不可追溯：`url` 为空 / 空白，或 `id` 为空（无法定位具体来源，需求 11.4）。
+   */
+  const itemArb: fc.Arbitrary<ReferenceItem> = fc
+    .record({
+      idBody: fc.string({ minLength: 0, maxLength: 8 }),
+      title: fc.string({ minLength: 0, maxLength: 30 }),
+      authors: fc.array(fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 10 }), {
+        minLength: 0,
+        maxLength: 8,
+      }),
+      publishedAt: fc.constantFrom(
+        '2023-06-01',
+        '2010-01-01',
+        'unknown',
+        '',
+      ),
+      abstract: fc.constantFrom(
+        'a randomized controlled trial',
+        'systematic review and meta-analysis',
+        'a cohort study',
+        'case report',
+        'expert opinion overview',
+        '',
+      ),
+      source: sourceTypeArb,
+      traceable: fc.boolean(),
+      // 不可追溯的具体方式：空 url / 空白 url / 空 id。
+      untraceableKind: fc.constantFrom('empty-url', 'blank-url', 'empty-id'),
+      seq: fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 100000 }),
+    })
+    .map((r): ReferenceItem => {
+      // 确保可追溯条目的 id 唯一非空。
+      const id = `item-${r.seq}-${r.idBody || 'x'}`;
+      const base: ReferenceItem = {
+        id,
+        source: r.source,
+        title: r.title,
+        authors: r.authors,
+        publishedAt: r.publishedAt,
+        abstract: r.abstract,
+        url: `https://example.org/${id}`,
+      };
+      if (r.traceable) {
+        return base;
+      }
+      // 构造不可追溯条目（需求 11.4）。
+      switch (r.untraceableKind) {
+        case 'blank-url':
+          return { ...base, url: '   ' };
+        case 'empty-id':
+          return { ...base, id: '' };
+        case 'empty-url':
+        default:
+          return { ...base, url: '' };
+      }
+    });
+
+  it('引用输出的每条结论均可追溯；无法溯源结论标「未验证」且不出现在引用输出', async () => {
+    await fc.assert(
+      fc.asyncProperty(
+        fc.array(itemArb, { minLength: 1, maxLength: 25 }),
+        async (items) => {
+          const service = await buildService();
+
+          const result = await service.summarize(items);
+          // 非空输入恒生成总结成功（需求 11.1）。
+          expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+          if (!isOk(result)) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const summary = result.value;
+
+          const traceableCount = items.filter((i) =>
+            isTraceableItem(i),
+          ).length;
+
+          // (1) 引用输出的每条结论必可追溯到 ≥1 来源条目（需求 11.1）。
+          for (const conclusion of summary.citationOutput) {
+            expect(conclusion.verified).toBe(true);
+            expect(conclusion.citations.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+            expect(conclusion.unverifiedLabel).toBeUndefined();
+          }
+
+          // (2) 任何无法溯源结论标「未验证」、无引用、且不出现在引用输出（需求 11.4）。
+          for (const conclusion of summary.conclusions) {
+            if (!conclusion.verified) {
+              expect(conclusion.unverifiedLabel).toBe(
+                UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL,
+              );
+              expect(conclusion.citations).toHaveLength(0);
+              expect(summary.citationOutput).not.toContain(conclusion);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // (3) 引用输出恰为全部可追溯结论；其数量等于可追溯资料数。
+          expect(summary.citationOutput.length).toBe(traceableCount);
+          expect(summary.citationOutput).toEqual(
+            summary.conclusions.filter((c) => c.verified),
+          );
+
+          // 引用输出中不含任何未验证结论（Property 5 核心不变量）。
+          expect(
+            summary.citationOutput.every(
+              (c) => c.verified && c.unverifiedLabel === undefined,
+            ),
+          ).toBe(true);
+
+          // (4) 整体可信度标注：有可追溯来源 ⟺ verified；无来源时「未经核验」（需求 16.4）。
+          expect(summary.annotation.verified).toBe(traceableCount > 0);
+          if (traceableCount === 0) {
+            expect(summary.annotation.sources).toHaveLength(0);
+            expect(summary.citationOutput).toHaveLength(0);
+          }
+
+          // 辅助：每条纳入资料标注唯一且取自预定义集合的证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+          expect(summary.gradedItems).toHaveLength(items.length);
+          for (const graded of summary.gradedItems) {
+            expect(EVIDENCE_LEVELS).toContain(graded.evidenceLevel);
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+      { numRuns: 300 },
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edf1b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import {
+  MockReferenceSourceAdapter,
+  ReferenceItem,
+  ReferenceSourceType,
+} from '@infra/reference-source';
+import { MAX_PAGE_SIZE } from '@common/pagination';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { InMemoryResearchQueryRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository';
+import { ResearchQueryService } from './research-query.service';
+import { QuestionError } from './question-error';
+import { SourceError } from './source-error';
+import {
+  CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE,
+  CODE_EMPTY_QUESTION,
+  CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT,
+  CODE_QUESTION_TOO_LONG,
+  MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH,
+  NO_MATCH_NOTICE,
+  ResearchQueryClock,
+  SearchQuery,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能服务单元测试（任务 11.1，需求 10.1-10.8）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 检索式生成成功（PICO/MeSH，10 秒内，需求 10.1）。
+ * - 检索式生成拒绝（空/超长/无医学要素，需求 10.6）+ 数据保全（不创建记录）。
+ * - 检索成功（每页≤50 分页 + 筛选 + 相关度排序，需求 10.2、10.3）。
+ * - 版权安全的条目形状（仅检索信息/摘要/原文链接，需求 10.4）。
+ * - 空结果提示（需求 10.7）。
+ * - 指定来源全部不可用时中止、保留检索式不变、提示（需求 10.8）。
+ * - 查询完成映射能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+ */
+
+/** 可控时钟：测试精确驱动检索式生成时间戳。 */
+class FakeClock implements ResearchQueryClock {
+  private current: Date;
+  constructor(start: Date) {
+    this.current = new Date(start);
+  }
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.current);
+  }
+  advance(ms: number): void {
+    this.current = new Date(this.current.getTime() + ms);
+  }
+}
+
+interface Harness {
+  service: ResearchQueryService;
+  gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  adapter: MockReferenceSourceAdapter;
+  repository: InMemoryResearchQueryRepository;
+  mapping: CompetencyMappingService;
+  graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  clock: FakeClock;
+}
+
+const studentId = 'stu-001';
+const ALL_SOURCES: ReferenceSourceType[] = [
+  ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+  ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+];
+
+async function makeHarness(
+  start = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+): Promise<Harness> {
+  const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  gateway.setBehavior('success');
+
+  const adapter = new MockReferenceSourceAdapter();
+  const repository = new InMemoryResearchQueryRepository();
+
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+  const clock = new FakeClock(start);
+
+  const service = new ResearchQueryService(
+    gateway,
+    adapter,
+    repository,
+    clock,
+    mapping,
+    tagService,
+    new AITrustService(),
+  );
+
+  return { service, gateway, adapter, repository, mapping, graphRepo, clock };
+}
+
+/** 生成一个检索式并断言成功，返回检索式。 */
+async function makeQuery(
+  h: Harness,
+  question = '二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病对降低血糖的疗效如何？',
+): Promise<SearchQuery> {
+  const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(studentId, question);
+  expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+  if (!isOk(result)) {
+    throw new Error('expected ok');
+  }
+  return result.value;
+}
+
+/** 构造一条 mock 检索条目（仅含元信息，无全文，需求 10.4）。 */
+function makeItem(over: Partial<ReferenceItem> = {}): ReferenceItem {
+  return {
+    id: 'item-1',
+    source: ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+    title: 'Metformin in type 2 diabetes',
+    authors: ['Author A'],
+    publishedAt: '2023-06-01',
+    abstract: 'A study on metformin and blood glucose.',
+    url: 'https://example.org/item-1',
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
+
+describe('ResearchQueryService 研究资料查询技能（需求 10）', () => {
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 检索式生成（需求 10.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('检索式生成 generateSearchQuery（需求 10.1）', () => {
+    it('将自然语言研究问题转换为含 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词的检索式（需求 10.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(
+        studentId,
+        '二甲双胍对比安慰剂治疗2型糖尿病在降低血糖方面的疗效',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const query = result.value;
+        // 含 MeSH 主题词（需求 10.1）。
+        expect(query.meshTerms.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(query.meshTerms).toContain('Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2');
+        expect(query.meshTerms).toContain('Metformin');
+        // 含 PICO 要素（需求 10.1）。
+        expect(query.pico.population).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(query.pico.intervention).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(query.pico.comparison).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(query.pico.outcome).toBeTruthy();
+        // 检索表达式为 PubMed 风格布尔式。
+        expect(query.expression).toContain('[MeSH]');
+        expect(query.expression).toContain('AND');
+        expect(query.studentId).toBe(studentId);
+        expect(query.question).toContain('二甲双胍');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 10 秒内完成检索式生成（需求 10.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(
+        studentId,
+        '阿司匹林预防冠心病的疗效',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(10_000);
+    });
+
+    it('检索式生成后持久化，可被仓库观测（供需求 10.8、任务 11.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+
+      const stored = await h.repository.findQuery(query.id);
+      expect(stored?.id).toBe(query.id);
+      expect(await h.repository.countQueries()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('AI 网关生成说明失败时降级为无说明，不阻塞检索式生成（需求 10.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      h.gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(
+        studentId,
+        '他汀治疗高血压患者的死亡率',
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.meshTerms.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(result.value.rationale).toBeUndefined();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 检索式生成拒绝（需求 10.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('检索式生成拒绝（需求 10.6）', () => {
+    it('研究问题为空时拒绝生成、不创建记录、提示（需求 10.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(studentId, '   ');
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(QuestionError);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_EMPTY_QUESTION);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：不创建任何检索式记录（需求 10.6）。
+      expect(await h.repository.countQueries()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('研究问题超过 2000 字符时拒绝生成、不创建记录、提示（需求 10.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      // 超长问题（含医学要素以排除「无医学要素」分支，验证长度优先判定）。
+      const longQuestion = '糖尿病' + '啊'.repeat(MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH);
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(
+        studentId,
+        longQuestion,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_QUESTION_TOO_LONG);
+        expect(result.error.details?.actualLength).toBe(longQuestion.length);
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countQueries()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('研究问题不含可识别医学要素时拒绝生成、不创建记录、提示（需求 10.6）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(
+        studentId,
+        '今天天气怎么样，我想去公园散步。',
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT);
+      }
+      expect(await h.repository.countQueries()).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('恰好 2000 字符的含医学要素问题被接受（边界，需求 10.1）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const prefix = '糖尿病';
+      const question = prefix + '。'.repeat(MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH - prefix.length);
+      expect(question.length).toBe(MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH);
+
+      const result = await h.service.generateSearchQuery(studentId, question);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 检索（需求 10.2、10.3、10.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('检索 search（需求 10.2、10.3、10.4）', () => {
+    it('在指定来源范围内检索并以每页≤50 分页返回（需求 10.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      // 构造 120 条命中条目。
+      const items: ReferenceItem[] = Array.from({ length: 120 }, (_, i) =>
+        makeItem({
+          id: `item-${i}`,
+          title: `Metformin diabetes study ${i}`,
+          url: `https://example.org/item-${i}`,
+        }),
+      );
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems(items);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES, {}, {
+        page: 1,
+        pageSize: 50,
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.page.items.length).toBe(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+        expect(result.value.page.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+          MAX_PAGE_SIZE,
+        );
+        expect(result.value.totalMatches).toBe(120);
+        expect(result.value.empty).toBe(false);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('请求 pageSize 超过 50 时被钳制到 50（需求 10.2，Property 8）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      const items = Array.from({ length: 80 }, (_, i) =>
+        makeItem({ id: `item-${i}`, url: `https://example.org/item-${i}` }),
+      );
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems(items);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES, {}, {
+        page: 1,
+        pageSize: 1000,
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.page.items.length).toBe(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+        expect(result.value.page.pageSize).toBe(MAX_PAGE_SIZE);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 30 秒内完成检索（需求 10.2）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(30_000);
+    });
+
+    it('按发表时间筛选结果（需求 10.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([
+        makeItem({ id: 'old', publishedAt: '2010-01-01', url: 'https://e/old' }),
+        makeItem({ id: 'new', publishedAt: '2024-01-01', url: 'https://e/new' }),
+      ]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES, {
+        publishedAfter: '2020-01-01',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const ids = result.value.page.items.map((i) => i.id);
+        expect(ids).toContain('new');
+        expect(ids).not.toContain('old');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('按来源类型筛选结果（需求 10.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([
+        makeItem({ id: 'pm', source: ReferenceSourceType.PubMed, url: 'https://e/pm' }),
+        makeItem({ id: 'ck', source: ReferenceSourceType.CNKI, url: 'https://e/ck' }),
+      ]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES, {
+        sourceTypes: [ReferenceSourceType.CNKI],
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const ids = result.value.page.items.map((i) => i.id);
+        expect(ids).toEqual(['ck']);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('按相关度筛选并降序排序结果（需求 10.3）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(
+        h,
+        '二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病对降低血糖的疗效',
+      );
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([
+        // 高相关：标题/摘要命中多个关键词。
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'high',
+          title: 'Metformin for type 2 diabetes blood glucose',
+          abstract: 'metformin reduces blood glucose in diabetes patients',
+          url: 'https://e/high',
+        }),
+        // 低相关：几乎不命中。
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'low',
+          title: 'Unrelated topic',
+          abstract: 'nothing relevant here',
+          url: 'https://e/low',
+        }),
+      ]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES, {
+        minRelevance: 1,
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const ids = result.value.page.items.map((i) => i.id);
+        // 低相关被滤除，高相关保留。
+        expect(ids).toContain('high');
+        expect(ids).not.toContain('low');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('返回的每条结果仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接，不含全文（需求 10.4）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([makeItem()]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        for (const item of result.value.page.items) {
+          expect(item).toHaveProperty('abstract');
+          expect(item).toHaveProperty('url');
+          expect(item).toHaveProperty('title');
+          // 版权安全：不应包含全文字段（需求 10.4）。
+          expect(item).not.toHaveProperty('fullText');
+          expect(item).not.toHaveProperty('content');
+          expect(item).not.toHaveProperty('body');
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 空结果（需求 10.7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('空结果（需求 10.7）', () => {
+    it('未匹配到任何资料时返回空列表并提示未找到匹配资料（需求 10.7）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([]); // 模拟空结果。
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.page.items).toHaveLength(0);
+        expect(result.value.page.total).toBe(0);
+        expect(result.value.empty).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.value.notice).toBe(NO_MATCH_NOTICE);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('筛选后无匹配时同样返回空列表并提示（需求 10.7）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([
+        makeItem({ id: 'old', publishedAt: '2000-01-01', url: 'https://e/old' }),
+      ]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES, {
+        publishedAfter: '2020-01-01',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.empty).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.value.notice).toBe(NO_MATCH_NOTICE);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 来源全部不可用（需求 10.8）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('指定资料来源全部不可用（需求 10.8）', () => {
+    it('指定来源全部不可用时中止检索、保留检索式不变、提示（需求 10.8）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      const before = await h.repository.findQuery(query.id);
+
+      // 模拟全部来源不可用（需求 10.8）。
+      h.adapter.setAvailableSources([]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(SourceError);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：检索式保持不变（需求 10.8）。
+      const after = await h.repository.findQuery(query.id);
+      expect(JSON.stringify(after)).toBe(JSON.stringify(before));
+      expect(await h.repository.countQueries()).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('指定来源与可用来源无交集时中止检索并提示（需求 10.8）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      // 仅 PubMed 可用，但请求 CNKI → 无交集（需求 10.8）。
+      h.adapter.setAvailableSources([ReferenceSourceType.PubMed]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, [ReferenceSourceType.CNKI]);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('部分来源可用时仅在可用来源内检索成功（需求 10.2、10.8）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setAvailableSources([ReferenceSourceType.PubMed]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.searchedSources).toContain(
+          ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+        );
+        expect(result.value.searchedSources).not.toContain(
+          ReferenceSourceType.CNKI,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 能力图谱映射（需求 10.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('查询使用情况映射能力图谱（需求 10.5）', () => {
+    it('查询完成时按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 10.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([makeItem()]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        // 报告记录了映射记录标识（需求 10.5）。
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        // 能力图谱中确有该学生的映射记录，来源为研究资料查询技能。
+        const mappings = await h.mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+        expect(mappings.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        expect(
+          mappings.every(
+            (m) => m.source === ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill,
+          ),
+        ).toBe(true);
+        // 映射到的标签均为研究能力相关的已定义标签。
+        const mapped = mappings[0];
+        expect(mapped.tagIds).toContain('tag.research.literature-search');
+        expect(mapped.tagIds).toContain('tag.research.query-building');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('空结果查询也映射能力图谱（查询使用已发生，需求 10.5）', async () => {
+      const h = await makeHarness();
+      const query = await makeQuery(h);
+      h.adapter.setCannedItems([]);
+
+      const result = await h.service.search(query, ALL_SOURCES);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.empty).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.value.competencyMappingIds.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.service.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83be969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,856 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import {
+  REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER,
+  ReferenceItem,
+  ReferenceSearchOutput,
+  ReferenceSourceAdapter,
+  ReferenceSourceType,
+} from '@infra/reference-source';
+import { SourceRef } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { Page, Pagination, paginate } from '@common/pagination';
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AIOutputKind, AITrustService } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  MAX_MAPPING_TAGS,
+  ModuleSource,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { extractSearchQuery } from './medical-lexicon';
+import { CitationError } from './citation-error';
+import { ExportError } from './export-error';
+import { QuestionError } from './question-error';
+import { SourceError } from './source-error';
+import { SummaryError } from './summary-error';
+import {
+  extractYear,
+  formatCitationText,
+  gradeEvidence,
+  renderEndNote,
+  renderRIS,
+  toSourceRef,
+} from './summary-support';
+import {
+  Citation,
+  CitationFormat,
+  ExportFile,
+  ExportTarget,
+  GradedReference,
+  MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH,
+  NO_MATCH_NOTICE,
+  QUERY_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  QUERY_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK,
+  RESEARCH_QUERY_COMPETENCY_TAGS,
+  RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY,
+  ReferenceFilter,
+  ReferenceSearchResult,
+  ResearchQueryClock,
+  ResearchQueryRepository,
+  SEARCH_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  SUMMARIZE_NOTICE,
+  SUMMARY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  SearchQuery,
+  Summary,
+  SummaryConclusion,
+  UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/** 内部信号：区分总结生成预算超时与一般生成失败（与检索超时竞速一致，需求 11.6）。 */
+class SummaryTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/** 内部信号：区分检索预算超时与一般检索失败（与其它模块的超时竞速一致）。 */
+class SearchTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能服务（需求 10，对应 design.md 组件 7「研究资料查询技能」）。
+ *
+ * 本模块概念上建立于 Skill_Center 之上，实际主要复用：
+ * - AI 网关（`AI_GATEWAY`）：在 10 秒预算内辅助生成检索式说明（需求 10.1）；PICO/MeSH
+ *   的结构化抽取由本地医学词典确定性给出（见 `medical-lexicon`），保证可测、不依赖
+ *   外部模型可用性。
+ * - 资料来源适配器（`REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER`）：在指定来源范围内检索资料
+ *   （需求 10.2、10.7、10.8）。
+ * - 能力图谱（`CompetencyMappingService.mapData`）：将查询使用情况按能力标签映射到
+ *   能力图谱（需求 10.5，来源标记为 `ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill`）。
+ *
+ * 接口（对齐 design.md）：
+ * - `generateSearchQuery()`：自然语言研究问题 → 含 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词的检索式
+ *   （10 秒内，问题 1-2000 字符，需求 10.1）；问题为空/超长/无医学要素时拒绝生成
+ *   并返回指明问题的提示（需求 10.6）。
+ * - `search()`：在指定资料来源范围内检索（30 秒内），结果每页≤50 分页（需求 10.2）；
+ *   支持按发表时间/来源类型/相关度筛选（需求 10.3）；每条结果仅含检索信息/摘要/原文
+ *   链接，不存储分发全文（需求 10.4）；空结果返回空列表并提示（需求 10.7）；指定来源
+ *   全部不可用时中止检索、保留检索式不变、提示来源不可用（需求 10.8）；查询完成时
+ *   5 秒内将使用情况按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+ *
+ * 持久化策略（设计决策）：检索式在生成时即持久化到 `RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY`，
+ * `search()` 接收检索式**值对象**且全程对其只读、不触碰仓库——从而需求 10.8「保留
+ * 检索式不变」可通过仓库观测（检索前后记录一致），且任务 11.2（总结/引用）可消费
+ * 已生成的检索式。
+ *
+ * 错误路径数据保全：
+ * - `generateSearchQuery` 校验失败时在写入仓库之前即拒绝，不创建任何检索式记录
+ *   （需求 10.6）。
+ * - `search` 来源全不可用或检索故障时仅返回错误、不修改检索式（需求 10.8）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ResearchQueryService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly aiGateway: AIGateway,
+    @Inject(REFERENCE_SOURCE_ADAPTER)
+    private readonly referenceAdapter: ReferenceSourceAdapter,
+    @Inject(RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: ResearchQueryRepository,
+    @Inject(RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK)
+    private readonly clock: ResearchQueryClock,
+    private readonly competencyMapping: CompetencyMappingService,
+    private readonly competencyTags: CompetencyTagService,
+    private readonly aiTrust: AITrustService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 将自然语言研究问题转换为含 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词的检索式（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验研究问题（需求 10.6，按序判定，先命中先返回）：
+   *    - 去空白后为空 → 拒绝（`QuestionError.empty`）。
+   *    - 原始长度超过 2000 字符 → 拒绝（`QuestionError.tooLong`，需求 10.1 长度上界）。
+   * 2. 确定性抽取 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词（`extractSearchQuery`）：
+   *    - 无任何可识别医学要素（MeSH 主题词为空）→ 拒绝（`QuestionError.noMedicalElement`，
+   *      需求 10.6）。
+   * 3. 在 10 秒预算内经 AI 网关辅助生成检索式说明（需求 10.1）；失败或超时降级为无说明
+   *    （不阻塞检索式生成）。
+   * 4. 构造检索式并持久化后返回（需求 10.1）。检索式 `expression` 为 PubMed 风格布尔
+   *    表达式，含全部 MeSH 主题词。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 提交研究问题的学生标识。
+   * @param question 自然语言研究问题（1-2000 字符，需求 10.1）。
+   * @returns 成功时返回持久化后的检索式；问题为空/超长/无医学要素时返回 `QuestionError`。
+   */
+  async generateSearchQuery(
+    studentId: string,
+    question: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<SearchQuery, QuestionError>> {
+    const raw = question ?? '';
+
+    // 1. 长度校验（需求 10.1、10.6）。
+    if (raw.trim().length === 0) {
+      return err(QuestionError.empty());
+    }
+    if (raw.length > MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH) {
+      return err(QuestionError.tooLong(raw.length));
+    }
+
+    // 2. 确定性抽取 PICO/MeSH（需求 10.1）；无医学要素时拒绝（需求 10.6）。
+    const extraction = extractSearchQuery(raw);
+    if (!extraction.hasMedicalElement) {
+      return err(QuestionError.noMedicalElement());
+    }
+
+    // 3. 在 10 秒预算内辅助生成检索式说明（需求 10.1）；失败/超时降级为无说明。
+    const rationale = await this.generateRationaleWithBudget(
+      raw,
+      extraction.expression,
+      QUERY_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+
+    // 4. 构造并持久化检索式（需求 10.1）。
+    const query: SearchQuery = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      question: raw,
+      pico: extraction.pico,
+      meshTerms: extraction.meshTerms,
+      keywords: extraction.keywords,
+      expression: extraction.expression,
+      ...(rationale ? { rationale } : {}),
+      createdAt: this.clock.now(),
+    };
+
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveQuery(query);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 在指定资料来源范围内检索资料（需求 10.2、10.3、10.4、10.5、10.7、10.8）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 解析指定来源的可用性：与适配器当前可用来源取交集（需求 10.8）。
+   *    - 交集为空（指定来源全部不可用）→ 中止检索、保留检索式不变、返回
+   *      `SourceError.allSourcesUnavailable`（需求 10.8）。
+   * 2. 在 30 秒预算内经适配器检索（需求 10.2）；适配器抛错或超时 → 返回
+   *    `SourceError.searchFailed`，保留检索式不变（需求 10.2）。
+   *    - 适配器返回的可用来源为空时同样视为来源全部不可用（需求 10.8）。
+   * 3. 按发表时间、来源类型与相关度筛选（需求 10.3），并按相关度降序排序。
+   *    - 返回条目仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接（`ReferenceItem`，不含全文，需求 10.4）。
+   * 4. 分页（每页≤50，需求 10.2，Property 8）。
+   * 5. 将查询使用情况在 5 秒预算内按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+   * 6. 空结果时返回空列表并附未找到匹配资料的提示（需求 10.7）。
+   *
+   * `search` 全程对检索式只读、不写仓库——检索式保持不变（需求 10.8）。
+   *
+   * @param query 已生成并持久化的检索式（值对象）。
+   * @param sources 指定检索的资料来源范围。
+   * @param filter 检索结果筛选条件（需求 10.3）。
+   * @param pagination 分页参数（每页≤50，需求 10.2）。
+   */
+  async search(
+    query: SearchQuery,
+    sources: ReferenceSourceType[],
+    filter: ReferenceFilter = {},
+    pagination: Partial<Pagination> = {},
+  ): Promise<Result<ReferenceSearchResult, SourceError>> {
+    const requestedSources = [...new Set(sources ?? [])];
+
+    // 1. 与适配器当前可用来源取交集（需求 10.8）。
+    let available: ReferenceSourceType[];
+    try {
+      available = await this.referenceAdapter.listAvailableSources();
+    } catch (cause) {
+      return err(
+        SourceError.searchFailed((cause as Error)?.message, query.id),
+      );
+    }
+    const availableRequested = requestedSources.filter((s) =>
+      available.includes(s),
+    );
+    if (availableRequested.length === 0) {
+      // 需求 10.8：指定来源全部不可用 → 中止检索、保留检索式不变、提示。
+      return err(
+        SourceError.allSourcesUnavailable(requestedSources, query.id),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 在 30 秒预算内检索（需求 10.2）；故障/超时返回检索失败、保留检索式（需求 10.2）。
+    const searched = await this.searchWithBudget(
+      query.expression,
+      availableRequested,
+      SEARCH_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (!searched.ok) {
+      return searched;
+    }
+    const output = searched.value;
+
+    // 适配器报告的可用来源为空 → 同样视为来源全部不可用（需求 10.8）。
+    if (output.availableSources.length === 0) {
+      return err(
+        SourceError.allSourcesUnavailable(requestedSources, query.id),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 筛选（需求 10.3）+ 相关度排序；保持条目仅含元信息（需求 10.4）。
+    const filtered = this.applyFilter(query, output.items, filter);
+
+    // 4. 分页（每页≤50，需求 10.2，Property 8）。
+    const page: Page<ReferenceItem> = paginate(filtered, pagination);
+
+    // 5. 查询完成 → 5 秒内按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+    const competencyMappingIds = await this.mapQueryUsage(
+      query.studentId,
+      query.id,
+      filtered.length,
+    );
+
+    // 6. 空结果提示（需求 10.7）。
+    const empty = page.total === 0;
+    const result: ReferenceSearchResult = {
+      queryId: query.id,
+      page,
+      searchedSources: output.availableSources,
+      totalMatches: filtered.length,
+      empty,
+      ...(empty ? { notice: NO_MATCH_NOTICE } : {}),
+      competencyMappingIds,
+    };
+    return ok(result);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 资料总结、证据分级（需求 11.1、11.2、11.4、11.5、11.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 对检索结果生成可追溯的资料总结，并为每条资料标注唯一证据分级
+   * （需求 11.1、11.2、11.4、11.5、11.6）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 输入校验：无可总结资料（条目为空）→ 返回 `SummaryError.noItems()`，不输出
+   *    任何结论（需求 11.1）。
+   * 2. 在 30 秒预算内生成总结（需求 11.1、11.6）；生成失败或超出预算 → 中止本次生成、
+   *    **不输出任何结论**、返回失败提示（`SummaryError.generationFailed/timedOut`，
+   *    需求 11.6）。
+   * 3. 为每条纳入资料从预定义证据分级集合中标注**唯一**证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+   * 4. 为每条资料生成一条结论：
+   *    - 资料可追溯（具备条目标识与原文链接）→ 结论附 ≥1 指向其来源条目的引用
+   *      （`verified=true`，需求 11.1），并纳入引用输出。
+   *    - 资料无法追溯 → 结论标注「未验证」（`verified=false`）、不附引用，且**不**
+   *      纳入引用输出（需求 11.4，Property 5）。
+   * 5. 经 AI 可信层 `AITrustService.wrap()` 统一封装可信度标注（需求 16）：以全部可
+   *    追溯来源为依据；无任何可追溯来源时整体标注为「未经核验」（需求 11.4、16.4）。
+   * 6. 附呈现提示「仅辅助检索与总结，不替代阅读原文」（需求 11.5）。
+   *
+   * 版权安全（需求 10.4）：结论仅复述要点、引用仅含检索信息与原文链接，不复制全文。
+   *
+   * @param items 待总结的检索结果资料条目。
+   * @returns 成功时返回资料总结；无资料/生成失败/超时时返回 `SummaryError`。
+   */
+  async summarize(
+    items: ReferenceItem[],
+  ): Promise<Result<Summary, SummaryError>> {
+    const sourceItems = items ?? [];
+
+    // 1. 无可总结资料 → 不输出任何结论（需求 11.1）。
+    if (sourceItems.length === 0) {
+      return err(SummaryError.noItems());
+    }
+
+    // 2. 在 30 秒预算内生成总结（需求 11.1、11.6）；失败/超时中止且不输出任何结论。
+    const built = await this.buildSummaryWithBudget(
+      sourceItems,
+      SUMMARY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    if (!built.ok) {
+      return built;
+    }
+    const { conclusions, gradedItems, traceableSources } = built.value;
+
+    // 4/5. 仅可追溯结论作为引用输出（需求 11.4，Property 5）。
+    const citationOutput = conclusions.filter((c) => c.verified);
+
+    // 经 AI 可信层统一封装可信度标注（需求 16）。无任何可追溯来源 → 「未经核验」。
+    const wrapped = this.aiTrust.wrap({
+      content: this.composeSummaryContent(conclusions),
+      sources: traceableSources,
+      confidence: traceableSources.length > 0 ? 80 : 0,
+      kind: AIOutputKind.Summary,
+    });
+
+    const summary: Summary = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      conclusions,
+      citationOutput,
+      gradedItems,
+      notice: SUMMARIZE_NOTICE,
+      annotation: wrapped.annotation,
+      trustOutputId: wrapped.id,
+      generatedAt: this.clock.now(),
+    };
+    return ok(summary);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 引用生成与导出（需求 11.3、11.7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 为选定资料按所选格式生成引用（需求 11.3、11.7）。
+   *
+   * - 支持 Vancouver 与 GB/T 7714 格式（需求 11.3）；其余格式 → 返回
+   *   `CitationError.unsupportedFormat()`，保留选定资料不变（需求 11.7）。
+   * - 无选定资料（条目为空）→ 返回空引用列表（无可生成项即无引用）。
+   * - 生成过程发生故障 → 中止本次引用生成、保留选定资料不变、返回失败提示
+   *   （`CitationError.generationFailed()`，需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * 本方法对入参 `items` 全程只读、不修改（数据保全，需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * @param items 选定的资料条目。
+   * @param format 引用格式（Vancouver / GB/T 7714，需求 11.3）。
+   */
+  generateCitation(
+    items: ReferenceItem[],
+    format: CitationFormat,
+  ): Result<Citation[], CitationError> {
+    // 校验格式受支持（需求 11.3）；不支持时保留选定资料不变（需求 11.7）。
+    if (!this.isSupportedFormat(format)) {
+      return err(CitationError.unsupportedFormat(String(format)));
+    }
+
+    const sourceItems = items ?? [];
+    try {
+      const citations: Citation[] = sourceItems.map((item) =>
+        this.buildCitation(item, format),
+      );
+      return ok(citations);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      // 生成故障 → 中止、保留选定资料不变、提示失败（需求 11.7）。
+      return err(CitationError.generationFailed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将已生成的引用导出为 EndNote 或 NoteExpress 可识别的格式（需求 11.3、11.7）。
+   *
+   * - EndNote → EndNote 标记格式（`.enw`）；NoteExpress → RIS 格式（`.ris`）
+   *   （需求 11.3）。
+   * - 不支持的导出目标 → 返回 `ExportError.unsupportedTarget()`，保留已生成引用不变
+   *   （需求 11.7）。
+   * - 无可导出引用（条目为空）→ 返回 `ExportError.noCitations()`。
+   * - 导出过程发生故障 → 中止本次导出、保留已生成引用不变、返回失败提示
+   *   （`ExportError.failed()`，需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * 本方法对入参 `citations` 全程只读、不修改（数据保全，需求 11.7）。
+   *
+   * @param citations 已生成的引用。
+   * @param target 导出目标（EndNote / NoteExpress，需求 11.3）。
+   */
+  exportCitations(
+    citations: Citation[],
+    target: ExportTarget,
+  ): Result<ExportFile, ExportError> {
+    const sourceCitations = citations ?? [];
+
+    // 无可导出引用（需求 11.7）。
+    if (sourceCitations.length === 0) {
+      return err(ExportError.noCitations());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      switch (target) {
+        case ExportTarget.EndNote:
+          return ok({
+            target,
+            filename: 'citations.enw',
+            mimeType: 'application/x-endnote-refer',
+            content: renderEndNote(sourceCitations),
+            count: sourceCitations.length,
+          });
+        case ExportTarget.NoteExpress:
+          return ok({
+            target,
+            filename: 'citations.ris',
+            mimeType: 'application/x-research-info-systems',
+            content: renderRIS(sourceCitations),
+            count: sourceCitations.length,
+          });
+        default:
+          // 不支持的导出目标 → 保留已生成引用不变（需求 11.7）。
+          return err(ExportError.unsupportedTarget(String(target)));
+      }
+    } catch (cause) {
+      // 导出故障 → 中止、保留已生成引用不变、提示失败（需求 11.7）。
+      return err(ExportError.failed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 总结构造（需求 11.1、11.2、11.4、11.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内构造总结的结论与证据分级（需求 11.1、11.6 的 30 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用与检索一致的超时竞速预算：
+   * - 构造过程抛错 → 映射为 `SummaryError.generationFailed`（需求 11.6）。
+   * - 超过预算未完成 → 超时竞速终止并映射为 `SummaryError.timedOut`（需求 11.6）。
+   *
+   * 两个失败分支均不输出任何结论（数据保全，需求 11.6）。
+   */
+  private async buildSummaryWithBudget(
+    items: ReferenceItem[],
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<
+    Result<
+      {
+        conclusions: SummaryConclusion[];
+        gradedItems: GradedReference[];
+        traceableSources: SourceRef[];
+      },
+      SummaryError
+    >
+  > {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new SummaryTimeoutSignal()), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const built = await Promise.race([
+        this.assembleSummaryPartsAsync(items),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(built);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof SummaryTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(SummaryError.timedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(SummaryError.generationFailed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 异步包装总结组装（供超时竞速预算使用，需求 11.6）。
+   *
+   * 将确定性的同步组装（`assembleSummaryParts`）包装为 Promise，使其能与 30 秒超时
+   * 竞速（需求 11.1、11.6）。抽出为独立方法亦便于测试注入延迟以驱动超时分支。
+   */
+  private async assembleSummaryPartsAsync(items: ReferenceItem[]): Promise<{
+    conclusions: SummaryConclusion[];
+    gradedItems: GradedReference[];
+    traceableSources: SourceRef[];
+  }> {
+    return this.assembleSummaryParts(items);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 由资料条目确定性组装总结结论、证据分级与可追溯来源（需求 11.1、11.2、11.4）。
+   *
+   * 对每条资料：
+   * - 标注唯一证据分级（`gradeEvidence`，需求 11.2）。
+   * - 若可追溯（具备条目标识与原文链接）→ 生成附 ≥1 引用的可追溯结论（需求 11.1）。
+   * - 否则 → 生成标注「未验证」、无引用的结论（需求 11.4）。
+   */
+  private assembleSummaryParts(items: ReferenceItem[]): {
+    conclusions: SummaryConclusion[];
+    gradedItems: GradedReference[];
+    traceableSources: SourceRef[];
+  } {
+    const conclusions: SummaryConclusion[] = [];
+    const gradedItems: GradedReference[] = [];
+    const traceableSources: SourceRef[] = [];
+
+    for (const item of items) {
+      // 每条纳入资料标注唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+      const evidenceLevel = gradeEvidence(item);
+      gradedItems.push({
+        itemId: item.id,
+        title: item.title,
+        url: item.url,
+        source: item.source,
+        evidenceLevel,
+      });
+
+      const sourceRef = toSourceRef(item);
+      if (sourceRef) {
+        // 可追溯结论：附 ≥1 指向其来源条目的引用（需求 11.1）。
+        traceableSources.push(sourceRef);
+        conclusions.push({
+          id: randomUUID(),
+          statement:
+            `依据「${item.title}」（证据等级 ${evidenceLevel}）的检索信息，` +
+            `该资料与本研究问题相关，详见原文。`,
+          verified: true,
+          citations: [sourceRef],
+        });
+      } else {
+        // 无法溯源结论：标注「未验证」、不附引用、不作为引用输出（需求 11.4）。
+        conclusions.push({
+          id: randomUUID(),
+          statement: `存在一条无法追溯到具体来源的结论（证据等级 ${evidenceLevel}）。`,
+          verified: false,
+          citations: [],
+          unverifiedLabel: UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { conclusions, gradedItems, traceableSources };
+  }
+
+  /** 将全部可追溯结论拼接为总结正文（供 AI 可信层封装，需求 16）。 */
+  private composeSummaryContent(conclusions: SummaryConclusion[]): string {
+    const verified = conclusions.filter((c) => c.verified);
+    if (verified.length === 0) {
+      return '本次总结未能将任何结论追溯到具体来源。';
+    }
+    return verified.map((c, i) => `${i + 1}. ${c.statement}`).join('\n');
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 引用构造（需求 11.3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** 判定引用格式是否受支持（Vancouver / GB/T 7714，需求 11.3）。 */
+  private isSupportedFormat(format: CitationFormat): boolean {
+    return (
+      format === CitationFormat.Vancouver || format === CitationFormat.GBT7714
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** 由一条资料构造指定格式的引用（需求 11.3）。 */
+  private buildCitation(
+    item: ReferenceItem,
+    format: CitationFormat,
+  ): Citation {
+    return {
+      itemId: item.id,
+      format,
+      text: formatCitationText(item, format),
+      title: item.title,
+      authors: [...(item.authors ?? [])],
+      year: extractYear(item.publishedAt),
+      url: item.url,
+      source: item.source,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 检索式生成说明（需求 10.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内经 AI 网关辅助生成检索式说明（需求 10.1 的 10 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用超时竞速预算：超过预算或生成失败时返回 undefined（降级为无说明，不阻塞
+   * 检索式生成）。PICO/MeSH 结构化抽取不依赖此结果，故降级不影响检索式正确性。
+   */
+  private async generateRationaleWithBudget(
+    question: string,
+    expression: string,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<string | undefined> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const generation = await Promise.race([
+        this.aiGateway
+          .generate(this.buildQueryPrompt(question, expression))
+          .catch(() => undefined),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return generation && generation.content ? generation.content : undefined;
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 构造检索式说明的 AI 网关生成请求（需求 10.1）。 */
+  private buildQueryPrompt(
+    question: string,
+    expression: string,
+  ): AIGenerationRequest {
+    return {
+      prompt:
+        `请基于研究问题「${question}」说明以下 PICO/MeSH 检索式的构造依据：` +
+        `${expression}`,
+      timeoutMs: QUERY_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 检索预算（需求 10.2）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内经适配器检索（需求 10.2 的 30 秒预算）。
+   *
+   * 采用超时竞速预算：
+   * - 适配器抛错（检索失败）映射为 `SourceError.searchFailed`（需求 10.2）。
+   * - 超过预算未返回由超时竞速终止并映射为 `SourceError.searchFailed`（需求 10.2）。
+   *
+   * 两个失败分支均不修改检索式（数据保全，需求 10.8）。
+   */
+  private async searchWithBudget(
+    expression: string,
+    sources: ReferenceSourceType[],
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<Result<ReferenceSearchOutput, SourceError>> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new SearchTimeoutSignal()), budgetMs);
+      });
+      const output = await Promise.race([
+        this.referenceAdapter.search({ query: expression, sources }),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(output);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof SearchTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(SourceError.searchFailed('检索超出时限'));
+      }
+      return err(SourceError.searchFailed((cause as Error)?.message));
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 筛选与相关度（需求 10.3、10.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 按发表时间、来源类型与相关度筛选检索结果并按相关度降序排序（需求 10.3）。
+   *
+   * 返回的条目均为原始 `ReferenceItem`（仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接，不含全文，
+   * 需求 10.4）——相关度仅用于内部筛选与排序，不写回条目，保持版权安全的条目形状。
+   */
+  private applyFilter(
+    query: SearchQuery,
+    items: ReferenceItem[],
+    filter: ReferenceFilter,
+  ): ReferenceItem[] {
+    const sourceTypeSet =
+      filter.sourceTypes && filter.sourceTypes.length > 0
+        ? new Set(filter.sourceTypes)
+        : undefined;
+
+    const scored = items
+      .map((item) => ({
+        item,
+        relevance: this.computeRelevance(query, item),
+      }))
+      .filter(({ item, relevance }) => {
+        // 发表时间筛选（ISO 日期串按字典序比较，对 YYYY-MM-DD 等价于日期比较）。
+        if (
+          filter.publishedAfter &&
+          item.publishedAt < filter.publishedAfter
+        ) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (
+          filter.publishedBefore &&
+          item.publishedAt > filter.publishedBefore
+        ) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // 来源类型筛选。
+        if (sourceTypeSet && !sourceTypeSet.has(item.source)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // 相关度筛选。
+        if (
+          typeof filter.minRelevance === 'number' &&
+          relevance < filter.minRelevance
+        ) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+
+    // 按相关度降序排序（需求 10.3）。
+    scored.sort((a, b) => b.relevance - a.relevance);
+    return scored.map(({ item }) => item);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 计算一条检索条目相对检索式的相关度（0-100，需求 10.3）。
+   *
+   * 以检索式的医学关键词与 MeSH 主题词在条目标题与摘要中的命中比例为基础，恒钳制到
+   * [0, 100]。仅用于内部筛选与排序，不写回条目（需求 10.4）。
+   */
+  private computeRelevance(query: SearchQuery, item: ReferenceItem): number {
+    const haystack = `${item.title} ${item.abstract}`.toLowerCase();
+    const terms = [...new Set([...query.keywords, ...query.meshTerms])];
+    if (terms.length === 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    let matches = 0;
+    for (const term of terms) {
+      if (term && haystack.includes(term.toLowerCase())) {
+        matches += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return this.clampScore(Math.round((matches / terms.length) * 100));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 能力图谱映射（需求 10.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 将本次查询使用情况按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 10.5）。
+   *
+   * 收集研究资料查询技能的默认能力标签（文献检索、检索式构建），仅保留能力图谱中
+   * **已定义**的标签（去重、截断至 `MAX_MAPPING_TAGS`，呼应需求 14.2），调用
+   * `CompetencyMappingService.mapData()` 写入映射记录（来源标记为研究资料查询技能）。
+   * 整个映射在 5 秒预算内完成（需求 10.5）；无任何已定义标签时不创建映射记录。
+   *
+   * @returns 创建的映射记录标识集合。
+   */
+  private async mapQueryUsage(
+    studentId: string,
+    queryId: string,
+    matchCount: number,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    const definedTagIds: string[] = [];
+    for (const tagId of RESEARCH_QUERY_COMPETENCY_TAGS) {
+      if (await this.competencyTags.isDefinedTag(tagId)) {
+        definedTagIds.push(tagId);
+      }
+    }
+    const tagIds = [...new Set(definedTagIds)].slice(0, MAX_MAPPING_TAGS);
+    if (tagIds.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    const mapped = await this.withBudget(
+      this.competencyMapping.mapData(
+        ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill,
+        {
+          studentId,
+          referenceId: queryId,
+          metadata: { kind: 'research_query_usage', matchCount },
+        },
+        tagIds,
+      ),
+      QUERY_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+
+    if (mapped && mapped.ok) {
+      return [mapped.value.id];
+    }
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 工具方法
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 在给定预算内等待一个 Promise 完成（需求 10.5 的 5 秒映射上限保护）。
+   *
+   * 采用超时竞速：超过预算未完成则返回 undefined（降级为不写入映射，不阻塞检索结果
+   * 返回）。映射本身为内存/单库级别操作，正常恒在预算内完成。
+   */
+  private async withBudget<T>(
+    promise: Promise<T>,
+    budgetMs: number,
+  ): Promise<T | undefined> {
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), budgetMs);
+      });
+      return await Promise.race([promise, timeout]);
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 将分值钳制到 [0, 100]。 */
+  private clampScore(value: number): number {
+    if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (value < 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (value > 100) {
+      return 100;
+    }
+    return Math.round(value);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.summary.spec.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.summary.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ac76a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.summary.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import {
+  MockReferenceSourceAdapter,
+  ReferenceItem,
+  ReferenceSourceType,
+} from '@infra/reference-source';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import { AITrustService, UNVERIFIED_LABEL } from '@modules/ai-trust';
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { InMemoryResearchQueryRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-research-query.repository';
+import { ResearchQueryService } from './research-query.service';
+import { CitationError } from './citation-error';
+import { ExportError } from './export-error';
+import { SummaryError } from './summary-error';
+import {
+  Citation,
+  CitationFormat,
+  EVIDENCE_LEVELS,
+  EvidenceLevel,
+  ExportTarget,
+  ResearchQueryClock,
+  SUMMARIZE_NOTICE,
+  UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能：总结、证据分级与引用管理单元测试
+ * （任务 11.2，需求 11.1-11.7）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 总结：30 秒内生成，每条结论附 ≥1 来源引用（需求 11.1）。
+ * - 证据分级：每条纳入资料标注唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+ * - 无法溯源结论标注「未验证」且不作为引用输出（需求 11.4）。
+ * - 呈现总结时显示「仅辅助检索与总结，不替代阅读原文」提示（需求 11.5）。
+ * - 总结生成失败 / 超时时中止、不输出任何结论、提示失败（需求 11.6）。
+ * - 引用生成：Vancouver / GB/T 7714（需求 11.3）。
+ * - 引用导出：EndNote / NoteExpress（需求 11.3）。
+ * - 引用生成 / 导出失败时中止、保留数据、提示（需求 11.7）。
+ */
+
+/** 可控时钟：测试精确驱动总结生成时间戳。 */
+class FakeClock implements ResearchQueryClock {
+  private current: Date;
+  constructor(start: Date) {
+    this.current = new Date(start);
+  }
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.current);
+  }
+}
+
+async function makeService(): Promise<ResearchQueryService> {
+  const gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+  gateway.setBehavior('success');
+  const adapter = new MockReferenceSourceAdapter();
+  const repository = new InMemoryResearchQueryRepository();
+
+  const graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+  const tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+  const mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+  await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+  return new ResearchQueryService(
+    gateway,
+    adapter,
+    repository,
+    new FakeClock(new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z')),
+    mapping,
+    tagService,
+    new AITrustService(),
+  );
+}
+
+/** 构造一条可追溯的 mock 检索条目（具备条目标识与原文链接，需求 11.1）。 */
+function makeItem(over: Partial<ReferenceItem> = {}): ReferenceItem {
+  return {
+    id: 'item-1',
+    source: ReferenceSourceType.PubMed,
+    title: 'Metformin in type 2 diabetes',
+    authors: ['Author A', 'Author B'],
+    publishedAt: '2023-06-01',
+    abstract: 'A randomized controlled trial on metformin and blood glucose.',
+    url: 'https://example.org/item-1',
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
+
+describe('ResearchQueryService 总结/证据分级/引用（需求 11）', () => {
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 总结：每条结论附 ≥1 来源引用（需求 11.1）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('summarize 资料总结（需求 11.1、11.5）', () => {
+    it('为可追溯资料生成总结，每条引用输出结论附 ≥1 来源引用（需求 11.1）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({ id: 'a', url: 'https://e/a' }),
+        makeItem({ id: 'b', url: 'https://e/b' }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = await service.summarize(items);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const summary = result.value;
+        // 每条作为引用输出的结论都附 ≥1 引用（需求 11.1，Property 5）。
+        expect(summary.citationOutput.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        for (const conclusion of summary.citationOutput) {
+          expect(conclusion.verified).toBe(true);
+          expect(conclusion.citations.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('在 30 秒内完成总结生成（需求 11.1）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+      const result = await service.summarize([makeItem()]);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(30_000);
+    });
+
+    it('呈现总结时显示「仅辅助检索与总结，不替代阅读原文」提示（需求 11.5）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+
+      const result = await service.summarize([makeItem()]);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.notice).toBe(SUMMARIZE_NOTICE);
+        expect(result.value.notice).toContain('不替代阅读原文');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('无可总结资料时返回错误且不输出任何结论（需求 11.1）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+
+      const result = await service.summarize([]);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(SummaryError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(SummaryError.CODE_NO_ITEMS);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('总结附经 AI 可信层封装的可信度标注（需求 16）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+
+      const result = await service.summarize([makeItem()]);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+        expect(result.value.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+          1,
+        );
+        expect(result.value.trustOutputId).toBeTruthy();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 证据分级：每条纳入资料标注唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('证据分级（需求 11.2）', () => {
+    it('每条纳入总结的资料标注唯一的一个证据分级（需求 11.2）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({ id: 'a', url: 'https://e/a' }),
+        makeItem({ id: 'b', url: 'https://e/b' }),
+        makeItem({ id: 'c', url: 'https://e/c' }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = await service.summarize(items);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const graded = result.value.gradedItems;
+        // 每条纳入资料各有一条分级记录（需求 11.2）。
+        expect(graded).toHaveLength(items.length);
+        for (const g of graded) {
+          // 证据分级取自预定义集合，且为单一取值（需求 11.2）。
+          expect(EVIDENCE_LEVELS).toContain(g.evidenceLevel);
+        }
+        // 每条资料恰有一个分级（唯一性）。
+        const byItem = new Map(graded.map((g) => [g.itemId, g]));
+        expect(byItem.size).toBe(items.length);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('RCT 资料分级为 1b，Cochrane 系统评价分级为 1a（需求 11.2）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'rct',
+          url: 'https://e/rct',
+          title: 'A randomized controlled trial of drug X',
+          abstract: 'RCT design',
+        }),
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'cochrane',
+          url: 'https://e/cochrane',
+          source: ReferenceSourceType.Cochrane,
+          title: 'Systematic review of drug X',
+          abstract: 'meta-analysis',
+        }),
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'uptodate',
+          url: 'https://e/utd',
+          source: ReferenceSourceType.UpToDate,
+          title: 'Clinical overview',
+          abstract: 'expert summary',
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = await service.summarize(items);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const byItem = new Map(
+          result.value.gradedItems.map((g) => [g.itemId, g.evidenceLevel]),
+        );
+        expect(byItem.get('rct')).toBe(EvidenceLevel.Level1b);
+        expect(byItem.get('cochrane')).toBe(EvidenceLevel.Level1a);
+        // 二次文献（无明确研究设计）→ 专家意见等级 5。
+        expect(byItem.get('uptodate')).toBe(EvidenceLevel.Level5);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 无法溯源结论标「未验证」且不作为引用输出（需求 11.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('无法溯源结论处理（需求 11.4）', () => {
+    it('无链接的资料其结论标「未验证」且不出现在引用输出（需求 11.4）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({ id: 'traceable', url: 'https://e/ok' }),
+        // 无原文链接 → 无法追溯到具体来源（需求 11.4）。
+        makeItem({ id: 'untraceable', url: '' }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = await service.summarize(items);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const summary = result.value;
+        const unverified = summary.conclusions.filter((c) => !c.verified);
+        expect(unverified.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        for (const c of unverified) {
+          // 标注「未验证」（需求 11.4）。
+          expect(c.unverifiedLabel).toBe(UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL);
+          // 不附引用。
+          expect(c.citations).toHaveLength(0);
+          // 不作为引用输出（Property 5）。
+          expect(summary.citationOutput).not.toContain(c);
+        }
+        // 引用输出中没有任何未验证结论。
+        expect(summary.citationOutput.every((c) => c.verified)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('全部资料无法溯源时不输出引用且整体标注「未经核验」（需求 11.4、16.4）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({ id: 'x', url: '' }),
+        makeItem({ id: 'y', url: '   ' }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = await service.summarize(items);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.citationOutput).toHaveLength(0);
+        // 无可追溯来源 → AI 可信层标注「未经核验」（需求 16.4）。
+        expect(result.value.annotation.verified).toBe(false);
+        expect(result.value.annotation.sources).toHaveLength(0);
+        const unverifiedView = result.value.conclusions.every(
+          (c) => c.unverifiedLabel === UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL,
+        );
+        expect(unverifiedView).toBe(true);
+        // 未经核验标注文案与 AI 可信层一致。
+        expect(UNVERIFIED_LABEL).toBe('未经核验');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 总结生成失败 / 超时（需求 11.6）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('总结生成失败 / 超时中止（需求 11.6）', () => {
+    it('总结构造抛错时中止、不输出任何结论、提示失败（需求 11.6）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      // 通过 spy 让内部组装抛错，模拟生成故障。
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(service) as {
+        assembleSummaryParts: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+      };
+      const spy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'assembleSummaryParts')
+        .mockImplementation(() => {
+          throw new Error('模拟总结生成故障');
+        });
+
+      const result = await service.summarize([makeItem()]);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(SummaryError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(SummaryError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+      }
+      spy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('总结生成超出预算时返回超时错误且不输出任何结论（需求 11.6）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      // 注入极短预算并让异步组装延迟，触发超时竞速分支（需求 11.6）。
+      const tinyBudget = 1;
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(service) as {
+        buildSummaryWithBudget: (items: unknown, budgetMs: number) => unknown;
+        assembleSummaryPartsAsync: (items: unknown) => Promise<unknown>;
+      };
+      const originalBuild = proto.buildSummaryWithBudget;
+      // 让异步组装延迟 100ms，确保超时（1ms）先触发。
+      const assembleSpy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'assembleSummaryPartsAsync')
+        .mockImplementation(
+          () =>
+            new Promise((resolve) => {
+              setTimeout(() => resolve({} as never), 100);
+            }),
+        );
+      const buildSpy = jest
+        .spyOn(proto, 'buildSummaryWithBudget')
+        .mockImplementation(function (this: unknown, items: unknown) {
+          return originalBuild.call(this, items, tinyBudget);
+        });
+
+      const result = await service.summarize([makeItem()]);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(SummaryError.CODE_TIMEOUT);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.details?.limitMs).toBe(tinyBudget);
+      }
+      buildSpy.mockRestore();
+      assembleSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 引用生成（需求 11.3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('generateCitation 引用生成（需求 11.3）', () => {
+    it('按 Vancouver 格式为选定资料生成引用（需求 11.3）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'v1',
+          title: 'Effect of metformin',
+          authors: ['Smith J', 'Doe A'],
+          publishedAt: '2022-03-15',
+          url: 'https://e/v1',
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = service.generateCitation(items, CitationFormat.Vancouver);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const citation = result.value[0];
+        expect(citation.format).toBe(CitationFormat.Vancouver);
+        expect(citation.itemId).toBe('v1');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('Smith J');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('Effect of metformin');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('2022');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('https://e/v1');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('按 GB/T 7714 格式为选定资料生成引用（需求 11.3）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'g1',
+          title: '二甲双胍的疗效研究',
+          authors: ['张三', '李四'],
+          publishedAt: '2021-08-01',
+          url: 'https://e/g1',
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = service.generateCitation(items, CitationFormat.GBT7714);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const citation = result.value[0];
+        expect(citation.format).toBe(CitationFormat.GBT7714);
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('张三');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('二甲双胍的疗效研究');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('[J/OL]');
+        expect(citation.text).toContain('2021');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('Vancouver 作者超过 6 位时以 et al 截断（需求 11.3）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [
+        makeItem({
+          id: 'many',
+          authors: ['A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'A4', 'A5', 'A6', 'A7', 'A8'],
+          url: 'https://e/many',
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = service.generateCitation(items, CitationFormat.Vancouver);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value[0].text).toContain('et al');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('空选定资料返回空引用列表（无可生成项）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+
+      const result = service.generateCitation([], CitationFormat.Vancouver);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value).toHaveLength(0);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('不支持的引用格式被拒绝且保留选定资料不变（需求 11.3、11.7）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [makeItem()];
+      const before = JSON.stringify(items);
+
+      const result = service.generateCitation(
+        items,
+        'APA' as unknown as CitationFormat,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(CitationError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CitationError.CODE_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：选定资料不变（需求 11.7）。
+      expect(JSON.stringify(items)).toBe(before);
+    });
+
+    it('引用生成故障时中止、保留选定资料不变、提示失败（需求 11.7）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const items = [makeItem()];
+      const before = JSON.stringify(items);
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(service) as {
+        buildCitation: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+      };
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(proto, 'buildCitation').mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw new Error('模拟引用生成故障');
+      });
+
+      const result = service.generateCitation(items, CitationFormat.Vancouver);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(CitationError.CODE_GENERATION_FAILED);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+      }
+      expect(JSON.stringify(items)).toBe(before);
+      spy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 引用导出（需求 11.3、11.7）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('exportCitations 引用导出（需求 11.3、11.7）', () => {
+    const makeCitations = (service: ResearchQueryService): Citation[] => {
+      const result = service.generateCitation(
+        [
+          makeItem({ id: 'e1', url: 'https://e/e1' }),
+          makeItem({ id: 'e2', url: 'https://e/e2', title: 'Second study' }),
+        ],
+        CitationFormat.Vancouver,
+      );
+      if (!isOk(result)) {
+        throw new Error('citation generation should succeed');
+      }
+      return result.value;
+    };
+
+    it('导出为 EndNote 可识别格式（需求 11.3）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const citations = makeCitations(service);
+
+      const result = service.exportCitations(citations, ExportTarget.EndNote);
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const file = result.value;
+        expect(file.target).toBe(ExportTarget.EndNote);
+        expect(file.filename).toMatch(/\.enw$/);
+        // EndNote 标记格式标签（需求 11.3）。
+        expect(file.content).toContain('%0 Journal Article');
+        expect(file.content).toContain('%T ');
+        expect(file.content).toContain('%U ');
+        expect(file.count).toBe(citations.length);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('导出为 NoteExpress（RIS）可识别格式（需求 11.3）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const citations = makeCitations(service);
+
+      const result = service.exportCitations(
+        citations,
+        ExportTarget.NoteExpress,
+      );
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        const file = result.value;
+        expect(file.target).toBe(ExportTarget.NoteExpress);
+        expect(file.filename).toMatch(/\.ris$/);
+        // RIS 格式标签（需求 11.3）。
+        expect(file.content).toContain('TY  - JOUR');
+        expect(file.content).toContain('ER  - ');
+        expect(file.count).toBe(citations.length);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('无可导出引用时返回错误（需求 11.7）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+
+      const result = service.exportCitations([], ExportTarget.EndNote);
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(ExportError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(ExportError.CODE_NO_CITATIONS);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('不支持的导出目标被拒绝且保留已生成引用不变（需求 11.3、11.7）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const citations = makeCitations(service);
+      const before = JSON.stringify(citations);
+
+      const result = service.exportCitations(
+        citations,
+        'BIBTEX' as unknown as ExportTarget,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(ExportError.CODE_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：已生成引用不变（需求 11.7）。
+      expect(JSON.stringify(citations)).toBe(before);
+    });
+
+    it('导出故障时中止、保留已生成引用不变、提示失败（需求 11.7）', async () => {
+      const service = await makeService();
+      const citations = makeCitations(service);
+      const before = JSON.stringify(citations);
+
+      // 构造一条在渲染访问 title 时抛错的引用，定向触发导出故障分支（需求 11.7）。
+      const exploding = {
+        ...citations[0],
+        get title(): string {
+          throw new Error('模拟导出渲染故障');
+        },
+      } as unknown as Citation;
+
+      const result = service.exportCitations(
+        [exploding],
+        ExportTarget.EndNote,
+      );
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(ExportError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(ExportError.CODE_FAILED);
+      }
+      // 数据保全：原有已生成引用不被修改（需求 11.7）。
+      expect(JSON.stringify(citations)).toBe(before);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/research-query.types.ts b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2b1777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/research-query.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能（Research_Query_Skill）领域类型与持久化抽象。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 10：研究资料检索与检索式生成，对应 design.md 组件 7「研究资料查询技能」。
+ * 本模块概念上建立于 Skill_Center 之上，实际主要复用：
+ * - AI 网关（`@infra/ai-gateway`）：在 10 秒预算内将自然语言研究问题转换为检索式
+ *   （需求 10.1）。
+ * - 资料来源适配器（`@infra/reference-source`）：在指定来源范围内检索资料
+ *   （需求 10.2、10.7、10.8）。
+ * - 能力图谱（`@modules/competency-graph`）：将查询使用情况按能力标签映射
+ *   （需求 10.5，来源标记为 `ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill`）。
+ * - 统一分页（`@common/pagination`）：每页最多 50 条（需求 10.2，Property 8）。
+ *
+ * 本文件聚焦「模型 + 抽象」，任务 11.2（总结、证据分级、引用管理）将在同一模块内
+ * 扩展，故类型按 11.2 可平滑复用的方式组织（检索式、检索条目均为独立稳定结构）。
+ *
+ * 类型组织：
+ * - `PICOElements` / `SearchQuery`：自然语言研究问题转换出的检索式（含 PICO 要素与
+ *   MeSH 主题词，需求 10.1）。
+ * - `ReferenceFilter`：检索结果筛选条件（发表时间、来源类型、相关度，需求 10.3）。
+ * - `ReferenceSearchResult`：检索结果（分页条目 + 空结果提示 + 能力图谱映射，
+ *   需求 10.2、10.4、10.5、10.7）。检索条目复用 `@infra/reference-source` 的
+ *   `ReferenceItem`（仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接，不含全文，需求 10.4）。
+ * - `ResearchQueryRepository`：检索式的持久化抽象（接口 + DI 令牌），使「保留检索式
+ *   不变」（需求 10.8）可观测，并供任务 11.2 消费已生成检索式。
+ * - `ResearchQueryClock`：计时时钟抽象，使时间戳在测试中可控。
+ */
+
+import { Page } from '@common/pagination';
+import { CredibilityAnnotation, SourceRef } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ReferenceItem, ReferenceSourceType } from '@infra/reference-source';
+
+/**
+ * PICO 要素（需求 10.1）。
+ *
+ * 循证医学结构化研究问题的四要素，由自然语言研究问题抽取而来。各要素均为可选：
+ * 当研究问题未表达某要素时该要素为 `undefined`。检索式生成保证至少抽取出可识别的
+ * 医学要素（否则在生成阶段即被拒绝，需求 10.6）。
+ */
+export interface PICOElements {
+  /** P：研究对象 / 人群（Population / Patient）。 */
+  population?: string;
+  /** I：干预措施（Intervention，如药物、操作）。 */
+  intervention?: string;
+  /** C：对照（Comparison，如安慰剂、对照组）。 */
+  comparison?: string;
+  /** O：结局指标（Outcome，如疗效、死亡率、生存率）。 */
+  outcome?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检索式（Search_Query，需求 10.1）。
+ *
+ * 由自然语言研究问题转换而来的专业查询表达式，包含 PICO 要素与 MeSH 主题词。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `question` 长度落在 [1, 2000]（需求 10.1；越界在生成阶段被拒绝，需求 10.6）。
+ * - `meshTerms` 至少包含一个 MeSH 主题词（需求 10.1；无可识别医学要素时不会生成检索
+ *   式，需求 10.6）。
+ * - `expression` 为基于 MeSH 主题词构造的布尔检索表达式（PubMed 风格）。
+ */
+export interface SearchQuery {
+  /** 检索式唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 归属学生标识。 */
+  studentId: string;
+  /** 原始自然语言研究问题（1-2000 字符，需求 10.1）。 */
+  question: string;
+  /** 抽取的 PICO 要素（需求 10.1）。 */
+  pico: PICOElements;
+  /** MeSH 主题词（≥1，需求 10.1）。 */
+  meshTerms: string[];
+  /**
+   * 匹配到的医学关键词（原文术语，去重）。
+   *
+   * 用于相关度计算（需求 10.3）与可读性展示。是「问题包含可识别医学要素」
+   * （需求 10.6）的判定依据：为空表示无可识别医学要素，检索式不会被生成。
+   */
+  keywords: string[];
+  /** 基于 MeSH 主题词构造的布尔检索表达式（PubMed 风格）。 */
+  expression: string;
+  /** 可选的检索式生成说明（由 AI 网关在 10 秒预算内辅助生成；失败时降级为空）。 */
+  rationale?: string;
+  /** 检索式生成时间。 */
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检索结果筛选条件（需求 10.3）。
+ *
+ * 支持按发表时间、来源类型与相关度对检索结果进行筛选。各条件均为可选，未提供时
+ * 不对该维度施加约束。
+ */
+export interface ReferenceFilter {
+  /** 仅保留发表时间不早于该日期（ISO 日期串，含当日）。 */
+  publishedAfter?: string;
+  /** 仅保留发表时间不晚于该日期（ISO 日期串，含当日）。 */
+  publishedBefore?: string;
+  /** 仅保留来源类型在该集合内的条目。 */
+  sourceTypes?: ReferenceSourceType[];
+  /** 仅保留相关度不低于该阈值（0-100）的条目。 */
+  minRelevance?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检索结果（需求 10.2、10.4、10.5、10.7）。
+ *
+ * 设计说明（与 design.md 的 `Result<Page<ReferenceItem>, SourceError>` 的偏差）：
+ * 需求 10.7 要求空结果时除返回空列表外还需「提示未找到匹配资料」，需求 10.5 要求
+ * 携带能力图谱映射结果，故成功路径返回本包装结果而非裸 `Page<ReferenceItem>`，
+ * 以承载空结果提示与映射信息。分页条目仍为 `Page<ReferenceItem>`（每页≤50，
+ * 需求 10.2，Property 8）。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `page.items` 每页不超过 50 条（需求 10.2，Property 8）。
+ * - `page.items` 中每条均为仅含检索信息/摘要/原文链接的 `ReferenceItem`，
+ *   不含受版权保护全文（需求 10.4）。
+ * - `empty === (page.total === 0)`；为 true 时 `notice` 给出未找到匹配资料的提示
+ *   （需求 10.7）。
+ */
+export interface ReferenceSearchResult {
+  /** 本次检索使用的检索式标识（需求 10.8：检索全程不修改检索式）。 */
+  queryId: string;
+  /** 分页后的检索结果（每页≤50，需求 10.2）。 */
+  page: Page<ReferenceItem>;
+  /** 本次实际检索的、可用的资料来源（需求 10.2、10.8）。 */
+  searchedSources: ReferenceSourceType[];
+  /** 筛选后匹配的总条目数（需求 10.3）。 */
+  totalMatches: number;
+  /** 是否为空结果（需求 10.7）。 */
+  empty: boolean;
+  /** 空结果提示（仅在 `empty === true` 时存在，需求 10.7）。 */
+  notice?: string;
+  /** 本次查询使用情况映射到能力图谱后创建的映射记录标识（需求 10.5）。 */
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+}
+
+/** 研究问题长度下界（需求 10.1：1-2000 字符）。 */
+export const MIN_QUESTION_LENGTH = 1;
+
+/** 研究问题长度上界（需求 10.1：1-2000 字符）。 */
+export const MAX_QUESTION_LENGTH = 2000;
+
+/**
+ * 检索式生成时限（毫秒，需求 10.1：10 秒内将研究问题转换为检索式）。
+ *
+ * 采用与 clinical-dialogue / ai-evaluation 一致的超时竞速预算模式：AI 网关辅助在该
+ * 预算内完成；超出预算或生成失败时降级为确定性本地抽取（不阻塞检索式生成）。
+ */
+export const QUERY_GENERATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+
+/**
+ * 检索时限（毫秒，需求 10.2：30 秒内在指定资料来源范围内检索）。
+ */
+export const SEARCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * 查询使用情况映射到能力图谱的预算（毫秒，需求 10.5：5 秒内映射）。
+ *
+ * 映射为内存/单库查询级别，恒在该预算内完成；超时竞速作为时延上界保护
+ * （与需求 14.2 的 5 秒口径一致）。
+ */
+export const QUERY_MAPPING_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+/** 空结果提示文案（需求 10.7）。 */
+export const NO_MATCH_NOTICE = '未找到匹配资料，请调整检索式或扩大资料来源范围后重试';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能映射到能力图谱的能力标签（需求 10.5）。
+ *
+ * 取值全部来自能力图谱默认统一标签体系（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS`），保证映射到
+ * 已定义标签（映射有效性见需求 14.2、14.3）：
+ * - 文献检索（`tag.research.literature-search`）。
+ * - 检索式构建（`tag.research.query-building`）。
+ */
+export const RESEARCH_QUERY_COMPETENCY_TAGS: readonly string[] = [
+  'tag.research.literature-search',
+  'tag.research.query-building',
+] as const;
+
+/** 研究问题为空、无法生成检索式的错误码（需求 10.6）。 */
+export const CODE_EMPTY_QUESTION = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.EMPTY_QUESTION';
+
+/** 研究问题超过 2000 字符、无法生成检索式的错误码（需求 10.6）。 */
+export const CODE_QUESTION_TOO_LONG = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.QUESTION_TOO_LONG';
+
+/** 研究问题不含可识别医学要素、无法生成检索式的错误码（需求 10.6）。 */
+export const CODE_NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.NO_MEDICAL_ELEMENT';
+
+/** 指定资料来源全部不可用、中止检索的错误码（需求 10.8）。 */
+export const CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE =
+  'RESEARCH_QUERY.ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE';
+
+/** 检索过程发生系统故障、无法完成检索的错误码（需求 10.2）。 */
+export const CODE_SEARCH_FAILED = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.SEARCH_FAILED';
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询技能持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与能力图谱、临床情景对话对练等模块一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，既可用 TypeORM
+ * 对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 负责检索式的持久化：使「保留检索式不变」（需求 10.8）可观测，并供任务 11.2
+ * （总结、证据分级、引用管理）消费已生成的检索式。
+ */
+export interface ResearchQueryRepository {
+  /** 持久化一个检索式（需求 10.1）。 */
+  saveQuery(query: SearchQuery): Promise<SearchQuery>;
+  /** 按 id 查找检索式，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findQuery(id: string): Promise<SearchQuery | null>;
+  /** 列出某学生的全部检索式。 */
+  listQueriesByStudent(studentId: string): Promise<SearchQuery[]>;
+  /** 统计检索式总数（用于错误路径数据保全断言）。 */
+  countQueries(): Promise<number>;
+}
+
+/** 研究资料查询技能持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY = Symbol('RESEARCH_QUERY_REPOSITORY');
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询计时时钟抽象。
+ *
+ * 将「当前时间」与系统时钟解耦，使检索式生成时间戳在测试中可控，业务代码通过
+ * `RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK` 令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface ResearchQueryClock {
+  /** 返回当前时间。 */
+  now(): Date;
+}
+
+/** 研究资料查询计时时钟的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK = Symbol('RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK');
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// 任务 11.2：研究资料总结、证据分级与引用管理（需求 11）
+// 对应 design.md 组件 7「研究资料查询技能」的 summarize / generateCitation /
+// exportCitations 接口。
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * 证据分级等级（需求 11.2）。
+ *
+ * 采用牛津循证医学中心（Oxford CEBM）证据等级作为「预定义的证据分级等级集合」。
+ * 每条纳入总结的资料从该集合中被标注**唯一的一个**证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+ * 取值由资料来源类型与标题/摘要中的研究设计线索确定性映射（见 `gradeEvidence`）。
+ *
+ * 等级由强到弱：
+ * - `Level1a`：同质性随机对照试验（RCT）的系统评价 / Meta 分析。
+ * - `Level1b`：单个随机对照试验（RCT）。
+ * - `Level2a`：同质性队列研究的系统评价。
+ * - `Level2b`：单个队列研究。
+ * - `Level3a`：同质性病例对照研究的系统评价。
+ * - `Level3b`：单个病例对照研究。
+ * - `Level4`：病例系列 / 病例报告。
+ * - `Level5`：专家意见 / 缺乏明确研究设计的二次文献（指南、综述等）。
+ */
+export enum EvidenceLevel {
+  Level1a = '1a',
+  Level1b = '1b',
+  Level2a = '2a',
+  Level2b = '2b',
+  Level3a = '3a',
+  Level3b = '3b',
+  Level4 = '4',
+  Level5 = '5',
+}
+
+/** 预定义的证据分级等级集合（需求 11.2）。 */
+export const EVIDENCE_LEVELS: readonly EvidenceLevel[] = [
+  EvidenceLevel.Level1a,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level1b,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level2a,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level2b,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level3a,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level3b,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level4,
+  EvidenceLevel.Level5,
+] as const;
+
+/** 引用格式（需求 11.3）。 */
+export enum CitationFormat {
+  /** Vancouver 格式（数字顺序，医学期刊常用）。 */
+  Vancouver = 'VANCOUVER',
+  /** GB/T 7714 格式（中国国家标准文后参考文献著录规则）。 */
+  GBT7714 = 'GB-T-7714',
+}
+
+/** 引用导出目标（需求 11.3）。 */
+export enum ExportTarget {
+  /** EndNote 可识别格式（EndNote 标记格式 .enw）。 */
+  EndNote = 'ENDNOTE',
+  /** NoteExpress 可识别格式（RIS .ris）。 */
+  NoteExpress = 'NOTEEXPRESS',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 一条总结结论（需求 11.1、11.4）。
+ *
+ * 不变量（Property 5：引用可追溯不变量）：
+ * - `verified === (citations.length >= 1)`。
+ * - 可追溯结论（`verified === true`）：`citations` 至少含一条指向其来源条目的引用
+ *   （需求 11.1），且作为引用输出。
+ * - 无法溯源结论（`verified === false`）：`citations` 为空、`unverifiedLabel` 取
+ *   「未验证」，且**不得**作为引用输出（需求 11.4）。
+ */
+export interface SummaryConclusion {
+  /** 结论唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 结论文本（仅复述要点，不复制受版权保护全文，需求 10.4）。 */
+  statement: string;
+  /** 是否可追溯到具体来源条目（需求 11.4）。 */
+  verified: boolean;
+  /** 指向来源条目的引用（可追溯时 ≥1 条，需求 11.1；无法溯源时为空，需求 11.4）。 */
+  citations: SourceRef[];
+  /** 「未验证」标注（仅在无法溯源时存在，需求 11.4）。 */
+  unverifiedLabel?: typeof UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 一条纳入总结资料的证据分级标注（需求 11.2）。
+ *
+ * 每条纳入总结的资料被标注唯一的一个证据分级（`evidenceLevel`，需求 11.2）。
+ * 仅保留检索信息与原文链接，不含受版权保护全文（需求 10.4）。
+ */
+export interface GradedReference {
+  /** 资料条目标识。 */
+  itemId: string;
+  /** 资料标题。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 指向原文的链接。 */
+  url: string;
+  /** 资料来源类型。 */
+  source: ReferenceSourceType;
+  /** 唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）。 */
+  evidenceLevel: EvidenceLevel;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 资料总结（需求 11.1、11.2、11.4、11.5、16）。
+ *
+ * - `conclusions`：全部结论；可追溯结论附 ≥1 引用，无法溯源结论标「未验证」且无引用
+ *   （需求 11.1、11.4，Property 5）。
+ * - `citationOutput`：作为引用输出的结论（仅可追溯结论，需求 11.4）。无法溯源结论
+ *   绝不出现在此（Property 5）。
+ * - `gradedItems`：每条纳入资料的唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+ * - `notice`：呈现总结时一并显示的提示（需求 11.5）。
+ * - `annotation` / `trustOutputId`：经 AI 可信层封装的可信度标注（需求 16）；无任何
+ *   可追溯来源时整体标注为「未经核验」（需求 11.4、16.4）。
+ */
+export interface Summary {
+  /** 总结唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 全部结论（含可追溯与无法溯源，需求 11.1、11.4）。 */
+  conclusions: SummaryConclusion[];
+  /** 作为引用输出的结论（仅可追溯结论，需求 11.4，Property 5）。 */
+  citationOutput: SummaryConclusion[];
+  /** 每条纳入资料的唯一证据分级（需求 11.2）。 */
+  gradedItems: GradedReference[];
+  /** 呈现总结时显示的提示（需求 11.5）。 */
+  notice: typeof SUMMARIZE_NOTICE;
+  /** 经 AI 可信层封装的可信度标注（需求 16）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** AI 可信层封装输出标识（供按标识查看依据，需求 16.3）。 */
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  /** 总结生成时间。 */
+  generatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 引用（Citation，需求 11.3）。
+ *
+ * 按所选格式（Vancouver / GB/T 7714）为一条资料生成的文献引用。`text` 为格式化后的
+ * 引用文本；结构化字段（`title`/`authors`/`year`/`url`/`source`）保留以支持导出为
+ * EndNote / NoteExpress 可识别格式（需求 11.3）。
+ */
+export interface Citation {
+  /** 来源资料条目标识。 */
+  itemId: string;
+  /** 引用格式（需求 11.3）。 */
+  format: CitationFormat;
+  /** 格式化后的引用文本（需求 11.3）。 */
+  text: string;
+  /** 题名（供导出，需求 11.3）。 */
+  title: string;
+  /** 作者列表（供导出，需求 11.3）。 */
+  authors: string[];
+  /** 出版年份（由发表时间提取，供导出，需求 11.3）。 */
+  year: string;
+  /** 指向原文的链接（供导出，需求 11.3）。 */
+  url: string;
+  /** 资料来源类型（供导出，需求 11.3）。 */
+  source: ReferenceSourceType;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 导出文件（需求 11.3）。
+ *
+ * 由 `exportCitations` 产出的、EndNote 或 NoteExpress 可识别的导出文件载荷。
+ */
+export interface ExportFile {
+  /** 导出目标（需求 11.3）。 */
+  target: ExportTarget;
+  /** 建议文件名（含扩展名，如 `citations.enw` / `citations.ris`）。 */
+  filename: string;
+  /** MIME 类型。 */
+  mimeType: string;
+  /** 导出文件正文（EndNote 标记格式 / RIS 格式）。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** 导出的引用条目数。 */
+  count: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 资料总结生成时限（毫秒，需求 11.1、11.6：30 秒内生成资料总结）。
+ *
+ * 采用与 ai-evaluation / search 一致的超时竞速预算模式：总结生成在该预算内完成；
+ * 生成失败或超出预算时中止本次总结生成、不输出任何结论，并返回失败提示（需求 11.6）。
+ */
+export const SUMMARY_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * 呈现资料总结时显示的提示文案（需求 11.5）。
+ *
+ * 当研究资料查询技能向学生呈现资料总结时，本系统应向学生显示该技能仅辅助检索与总结、
+ * 不替代学生阅读原文的提示。
+ */
+export const SUMMARIZE_NOTICE = '仅辅助检索与总结，不替代阅读原文' as const;
+
+/**
+ * 无法溯源结论的「未验证」标注文案（需求 11.4）。
+ *
+ * 当无法将一条总结结论追溯到具体的资料来源时，该结论被标注为「未验证」且不得作为
+ * 引用输出（需求 11.4）。与 AI 可信层的「未经核验」标注（需求 16.4）语义一致，
+ * 但此处用于单条结论级别的标注。
+ */
+export const UNVERIFIED_CONCLUSION_LABEL = '未验证' as const;
+
+/** 资料总结无可总结资料（输入为空）的错误码（需求 11.1）。 */
+export const CODE_SUMMARY_NO_ITEMS = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.SUMMARY_NO_ITEMS';
+
+/** 资料总结生成失败、已中止的错误码（需求 11.6）。 */
+export const CODE_SUMMARY_GENERATION_FAILED =
+  'RESEARCH_QUERY.SUMMARY_GENERATION_FAILED';
+
+/** 资料总结生成超出 30 秒时限、已中止的错误码（需求 11.6）。 */
+export const CODE_SUMMARY_TIMEOUT = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.SUMMARY_TIMEOUT';
+
+/** 引用生成失败、已中止的错误码（需求 11.7）。 */
+export const CODE_CITATION_GENERATION_FAILED =
+  'RESEARCH_QUERY.CITATION_GENERATION_FAILED';
+
+/** 不支持的引用格式的错误码（需求 11.3）。 */
+export const CODE_CITATION_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT =
+  'RESEARCH_QUERY.CITATION_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT';
+
+/** 引用导出失败、已中止的错误码（需求 11.7）。 */
+export const CODE_EXPORT_FAILED = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.EXPORT_FAILED';
+
+/** 不支持的导出目标的错误码（需求 11.3）。 */
+export const CODE_EXPORT_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET =
+  'RESEARCH_QUERY.EXPORT_UNSUPPORTED_TARGET';
+
+/** 无可导出引用（输入为空）的错误码（需求 11.7）。 */
+export const CODE_EXPORT_NO_CITATIONS = 'RESEARCH_QUERY.EXPORT_NO_CITATIONS';
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/source-error.ts b/src/modules/research-query/source-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84484b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/source-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE,
+  CODE_SEARCH_FAILED,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 资料来源错误（需求 10.8，对应 design.md 组件 7）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `ResearchQuerySkill.search()` 接口（design.md 组件 7）中
+ * `Result<Page<ReferenceItem>, SourceError>` 的错误载体，统一承载检索阶段的各类
+ * 非成功结果，并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 覆盖的错误分支：
+ * - `allSourcesUnavailable()`：指定的资料来源全部不可用（需求 10.8）。中止本次检索、
+ *   保留检索式不变，返回表明资料来源不可用的提示。
+ * - `searchFailed()`：检索过程发生系统故障（适配器抛错 / 超时）。中止本次检索、
+ *   保留检索式不变，返回检索失败提示。
+ *
+ * 设计说明：空结果（需求 10.7）**不是**错误——它返回成功结果（空列表 + 提示），
+ * 见 `ResearchQueryService.search` 的成功路径与 `ReferenceSearchResult`。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（数据保全，需求 10.8）：任一错误分支都**不得**修改检索式——
+ * `search` 全程对检索式只读，仅返回错误，检索式记录保持不变。
+ *
+ * 错误分类：
+ * - 来源全部不可用与检索系统故障均为外部依赖/系统层面失败，归为 `ErrorKind.System`
+ *   （与 `SystemError` 的「依赖不可用」语义一致）。
+ */
+export class SourceError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind = ErrorKind.System;
+
+  constructor(
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  /** 指定资料来源全部不可用的错误码（需求 10.8）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE = CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE;
+  /** 检索过程发生系统故障的错误码（需求 10.2）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_SEARCH_FAILED = CODE_SEARCH_FAILED;
+
+  /**
+   * 指定的资料来源全部不可用，中止本次检索（需求 10.8）。
+   *
+   * 保留检索式不变，返回表明资料来源不可用的提示。`requestedSources` 记录本次请求
+   * 检索的来源，便于上层提示与排查。
+   */
+  static allSourcesUnavailable(
+    requestedSources: string[],
+    queryId?: string,
+  ): SourceError {
+    return new SourceError(
+      CODE_ALL_SOURCES_UNAVAILABLE,
+      '指定的资料来源全部不可用，已中止本次检索，检索式已保留，请稍后重试或更换资料来源',
+      {
+        requestedSources: [...requestedSources],
+        ...(queryId ? { queryId } : {}),
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 检索过程发生系统故障（适配器抛错 / 超出 30 秒时限），中止本次检索（需求 10.2）。
+   *
+   * 保留检索式不变，返回检索失败提示。
+   */
+  static searchFailed(reason?: string, queryId?: string): SourceError {
+    return new SourceError(
+      CODE_SEARCH_FAILED,
+      '检索过程发生故障，已中止本次检索，检索式已保留，请稍后重试',
+      {
+        ...(reason ? { reason } : {}),
+        ...(queryId ? { queryId } : {}),
+      },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/summary-error.ts b/src/modules/research-query/summary-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78213ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/summary-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { AppError, ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+
+import {
+  CODE_SUMMARY_GENERATION_FAILED,
+  CODE_SUMMARY_NO_ITEMS,
+  CODE_SUMMARY_TIMEOUT,
+  SUMMARY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 资料总结错误（需求 11.1、11.6，对应 design.md 组件 7）。
+ *
+ * 作为 `ResearchQuerySkill.summarize()` 接口（design.md 组件 7）中
+ * `Result<Summary, SummaryError>` 的错误载体，统一承载总结生成阶段的各类非成功结果，
+ * 并以稳定错误码与 `ErrorKind` 便于上层映射处理策略。
+ *
+ * 覆盖的错误分支：
+ * - `noItems()`：无可总结资料（输入条目为空）。无资料即无法生成附引用的结论
+ *   （需求 11.1），归为校验类错误。
+ * - `generationFailed()`：总结生成过程发生故障。中止本次总结生成、不输出任何结论，
+ *   返回失败提示（需求 11.6）。
+ * - `timedOut()`：总结生成超出 30 秒时限。中止本次总结生成、不输出任何结论，返回
+ *   失败提示（需求 11.6）。
+ *
+ * 错误路径不变量（数据保全，需求 11.6）：任一错误分支都**不得**输出任何结论——
+ * `summarize` 失败/超时时仅返回错误，绝不返回部分结论。
+ *
+ * 错误分类：
+ * - 无可总结资料为输入前置条件失败，归为 `ErrorKind.Validation`。
+ * - 生成失败与超时为 AI 生成过程失败，归为 `ErrorKind.Generation`（与
+ *   `GenerationError` 的「生成失败/超时」语义一致，需求 11.6）。
+ */
+export class SummaryError extends AppError {
+  readonly kind: ErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    code: string,
+    message: string,
+    details?: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(code, message, details);
+    this.kind = kind;
+  }
+
+  /** 无可总结资料的错误码（需求 11.1）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_NO_ITEMS = CODE_SUMMARY_NO_ITEMS;
+  /** 总结生成失败的错误码（需求 11.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_GENERATION_FAILED = CODE_SUMMARY_GENERATION_FAILED;
+  /** 总结生成超时的错误码（需求 11.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TIMEOUT = CODE_SUMMARY_TIMEOUT;
+
+  /**
+   * 无可总结资料，无法生成总结（需求 11.1）。
+   *
+   * 输入资料条目为空时返回；不输出任何结论。
+   */
+  static noItems(): SummaryError {
+    return new SummaryError(
+      ErrorKind.Validation,
+      CODE_SUMMARY_NO_ITEMS,
+      '无可总结的资料，请先检索并选择资料后再生成总结',
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 总结生成过程发生故障，中止本次总结生成（需求 11.6）。
+   *
+   * 不输出任何结论，返回表明总结生成失败的提示。
+   */
+  static generationFailed(reason?: string): SummaryError {
+    return new SummaryError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      CODE_SUMMARY_GENERATION_FAILED,
+      '资料总结生成失败，已中止本次总结生成，未输出任何结论，请稍后重试',
+      reason ? { reason } : undefined,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 总结生成超出 30 秒时限，中止本次总结生成（需求 11.6）。
+   *
+   * 不输出任何结论，返回表明总结生成失败的提示。
+   */
+  static timedOut(limitMs: number = SUMMARY_TIMEOUT_MS): SummaryError {
+    return new SummaryError(
+      ErrorKind.Generation,
+      CODE_SUMMARY_TIMEOUT,
+      '资料总结生成超出时限，已中止本次总结生成，未输出任何结论，请稍后重试',
+      { limitMs },
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/summary-support.ts b/src/modules/research-query/summary-support.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..411631d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/summary-support.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/**
+ * 资料总结、证据分级与引用管理的确定性支撑函数（需求 11.2、11.3、11.4）。
+ *
+ * 本文件集中放置无副作用的纯函数，供 `ResearchQueryService` 的 `summarize()` /
+ * `generateCitation()` / `exportCitations()` 复用，并便于单独测试：
+ * - `gradeEvidence`：由资料来源类型与标题/摘要中的研究设计线索，确定性地为一条资料
+ *   标注**唯一的一个**证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+ * - `isTraceableItem` / `toSourceRef`：判定一条资料能否被追溯到具体来源条目，并投影为
+ *   可信度标注的来源引用（需求 11.1、11.4）。
+ * - `formatCitationText`：按 Vancouver / GB-T 7714 格式生成引用文本（需求 11.3）。
+ * - `renderEndNote` / `renderRIS`：生成 EndNote / NoteExpress（RIS）可识别的导出正文
+ *   （需求 11.3）。
+ *
+ * 版权安全（需求 10.4）：以上函数仅使用资料的检索信息（标题、作者、发表时间、来源、
+ * 原文链接），不复制、不分发受版权保护的全文。
+ */
+
+import { SourceRef } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ReferenceItem, ReferenceSourceType } from '@infra/reference-source';
+
+import {
+  Citation,
+  CitationFormat,
+  EvidenceLevel,
+} from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 为一条资料标注唯一的证据分级（需求 11.2）。
+ *
+ * 采用牛津 CEBM 证据等级。判定优先级（先命中先返回，保证「唯一」）：
+ * 1. 标题/摘要含系统评价 / Meta 分析线索，或来源为 Cochrane → `1a`。
+ * 2. 含随机对照试验（RCT）线索 → `1b`。
+ * 3. 含队列研究系统评价线索 → `2a`；含队列研究线索 → `2b`。
+ * 4. 含病例对照研究系统评价线索 → `3a`；含病例对照研究线索 → `3b`。
+ * 5. 含病例系列 / 病例报告线索 → `4`。
+ * 6. 其余（含 UpToDate 等二次文献 / 指南 / 综述）→ `5`（专家意见 / 无明确设计）。
+ *
+ * 该函数对同一输入恒返回同一等级（确定性），且每次仅返回一个等级（唯一性，需求 11.2）。
+ */
+export function gradeEvidence(item: ReferenceItem): EvidenceLevel {
+  const haystack = `${item.title ?? ''} ${item.abstract ?? ''}`.toLowerCase();
+
+  const has = (...needles: string[]): boolean =>
+    needles.some((n) => haystack.includes(n));
+
+  const isSystematic = has(
+    'systematic review',
+    'meta-analysis',
+    'meta analysis',
+    '系统评价',
+    '系统综述',
+    'meta 分析',
+    'meta分析',
+    '荟萃分析',
+  );
+
+  // 1a：RCT 的系统评价 / Meta 分析；Cochrane 来源默认视为系统评价（需求 11.2）。
+  if (isSystematic || item.source === ReferenceSourceType.Cochrane) {
+    if (
+      isSystematic &&
+      has('cohort', '队列') &&
+      !has('randomized', 'randomised', 'rct', '随机对照')
+    ) {
+      return EvidenceLevel.Level2a;
+    }
+    if (
+      isSystematic &&
+      has('case-control', 'case control', '病例对照') &&
+      !has('randomized', 'randomised', 'rct', '随机对照')
+    ) {
+      return EvidenceLevel.Level3a;
+    }
+    return EvidenceLevel.Level1a;
+  }
+
+  // 1b：单个随机对照试验（需求 11.2）。
+  if (has('randomized', 'randomised', 'rct', '随机对照', '随机对照试验')) {
+    return EvidenceLevel.Level1b;
+  }
+
+  // 2b：单个队列研究（需求 11.2）。
+  if (has('cohort', '队列研究', '队列')) {
+    return EvidenceLevel.Level2b;
+  }
+
+  // 3b：单个病例对照研究（需求 11.2）。
+  if (has('case-control', 'case control', '病例对照')) {
+    return EvidenceLevel.Level3b;
+  }
+
+  // 4：病例系列 / 病例报告（需求 11.2）。
+  if (has('case series', 'case report', '病例系列', '病例报告', '个案报道')) {
+    return EvidenceLevel.Level4;
+  }
+
+  // 5：专家意见 / 二次文献（指南、综述、UpToDate 等，需求 11.2）。
+  return EvidenceLevel.Level5;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判定一条资料能否被追溯到具体的来源条目（需求 11.1、11.4）。
+ *
+ * 可追溯的判定标准：同时具备可定位的条目标识（`id`）与指向原文的链接（`url`）。
+ * 缺少其一即视为无法追溯到具体来源——由其得出的总结结论应标注「未验证」且不作为
+ * 引用输出（需求 11.4）。
+ */
+export function isTraceableItem(item: ReferenceItem): boolean {
+  return (
+    typeof item.id === 'string' &&
+    item.id.trim().length > 0 &&
+    typeof item.url === 'string' &&
+    item.url.trim().length > 0
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * 将一条可追溯资料投影为可信度标注的来源引用（需求 11.1、16.2）。
+ *
+ * 仅当资料可追溯（`isTraceableItem`）时返回 `SourceRef`，否则返回 `null`（其结论将被
+ * 标注「未验证」，需求 11.4）。引用标识优先采用原文链接（`url`）。
+ */
+export function toSourceRef(item: ReferenceItem): SourceRef | null {
+  if (!isTraceableItem(item)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return {
+    id: item.id,
+    title: item.title?.trim() ? item.title : item.id,
+    citation: item.url,
+  };
+}
+
+/** 从发表时间提取出版年份（需求 11.3）；无法解析时回退为「n.d.」。 */
+export function extractYear(publishedAt: string | undefined): string {
+  if (typeof publishedAt === 'string') {
+    const match = publishedAt.match(/\d{4}/);
+    if (match) {
+      return match[0];
+    }
+  }
+  return 'n.d.';
+}
+
+/** 规整作者列表：去除空白项；Vancouver 超过 6 位时以「et al」截断。 */
+function normalizeAuthors(authors: string[] | undefined): string[] {
+  return (authors ?? [])
+    .map((a) => (typeof a === 'string' ? a.trim() : ''))
+    .filter((a) => a.length > 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 按所选格式生成一条资料的引用文本（需求 11.3）。
+ *
+ * - Vancouver：`作者. 题名. 来源; 年. Available from: 链接`（作者超过 6 位时用 et al）。
+ * - GB/T 7714：`作者. 题名[J/OL]. 来源, 年. 链接`（电子资源文献类型标识 [J/OL]）。
+ */
+export function formatCitationText(
+  item: ReferenceItem,
+  format: CitationFormat,
+): string {
+  const authors = normalizeAuthors(item.authors);
+  const year = extractYear(item.publishedAt);
+  const title = (item.title ?? '').trim();
+  const source = item.source;
+  const url = item.url ?? '';
+
+  if (format === CitationFormat.Vancouver) {
+    const authorText =
+      authors.length === 0
+        ? '[Anonymous]'
+        : authors.length > 6
+          ? `${authors.slice(0, 6).join(', ')}, et al`
+          : authors.join(', ');
+    return `${authorText}. ${title}. ${source}; ${year}. Available from: ${url}`;
+  }
+
+  // GB/T 7714（电子/网络文献）。
+  const authorText = authors.length === 0 ? '佚名' : authors.join(', ');
+  return `${authorText}. ${title}[J/OL]. ${source}, ${year}. ${url}`;
+}
+
+/** 转义 RIS/EndNote 标记格式中的换行（保持单条记录的行结构稳定）。 */
+function sanitizeLine(value: string): string {
+  return (value ?? '').replace(/[\r\n]+/g, ' ').trim();
+}
+
+/**
+ * 生成 EndNote 可识别的标记格式（refer/Tagged）导出正文（需求 11.3）。
+ *
+ * 每条记录以 `%0 Journal Article` 开头，`%A` 作者（每位一行）、`%T` 题名、`%D` 年份、
+ * `%J` 来源、`%U` 链接，记录间以空行分隔。EndNote 可直接导入 `.enw` 文件。
+ */
+export function renderEndNote(citations: Citation[]): string {
+  return citations
+    .map((c) => {
+      const lines: string[] = ['%0 Journal Article'];
+      for (const author of normalizeAuthors(c.authors)) {
+        lines.push(`%A ${sanitizeLine(author)}`);
+      }
+      lines.push(`%T ${sanitizeLine(c.title)}`);
+      lines.push(`%D ${sanitizeLine(c.year)}`);
+      lines.push(`%J ${sanitizeLine(c.source)}`);
+      lines.push(`%U ${sanitizeLine(c.url)}`);
+      return lines.join('\n');
+    })
+    .join('\n\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * 生成 NoteExpress 可识别的 RIS 格式导出正文（需求 11.3）。
+ *
+ * 每条记录以 `TY  - JOUR` 开头，`AU` 作者（每位一行）、`TI` 题名、`PY` 年份、
+ * `T2` 来源、`UR` 链接，并以 `ER  - ` 结束。NoteExpress 可直接导入 `.ris` 文件。
+ */
+export function renderRIS(citations: Citation[]): string {
+  return citations
+    .map((c) => {
+      const lines: string[] = ['TY  - JOUR'];
+      for (const author of normalizeAuthors(c.authors)) {
+        lines.push(`AU  - ${sanitizeLine(author)}`);
+      }
+      lines.push(`TI  - ${sanitizeLine(c.title)}`);
+      lines.push(`PY  - ${sanitizeLine(c.year)}`);
+      lines.push(`T2  - ${sanitizeLine(c.source)}`);
+      lines.push(`UR  - ${sanitizeLine(c.url)}`);
+      lines.push('ER  - ');
+      return lines.join('\n');
+    })
+    .join('\n');
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/research-query/system-research-query-clock.ts b/src/modules/research-query/system-research-query-clock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af5cd47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/research-query/system-research-query-clock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { ResearchQueryClock } from './research-query.types';
+
+/**
+ * 系统时钟实现（需求 10.1）。
+ *
+ * 默认的 `ResearchQueryClock` 实现，直接读取系统时间，用于检索式生成的时间戳。
+ * 测试可注入可控时钟替代本实现，通过 `RESEARCH_QUERY_CLOCK` 令牌注入，业务代码无需
+ * 改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemResearchQueryClock implements ResearchQueryClock {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/rotation/index.ts b/src/modules/rotation/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d754dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/rotation/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { RotationModule } from './rotation.module';
+export { RotationService } from './rotation.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/rotation/rotation.controller.ts b/src/modules/rotation/rotation.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d35373a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/rotation/rotation.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { RotationService } from './rotation.service';
+
+@Controller('api/rotation')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class RotationController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: RotationService) {}
+
+  @Post('records')
+  addRecord(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() body: { department: string; startDate: string; endDate: string; supervisor?: string; notes?: string },
+  ) {
+    return this.service.addRecord(user.id, body);
+  }
+
+  @Get('records')
+  listRecords(@CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.service.listRecords(user.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/rotation/rotation.module.ts b/src/modules/rotation/rotation.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9855f26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/rotation/rotation.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { RotationController } from './rotation.controller';
+import { RotationService } from './rotation.service';
+
+@Module({
+  providers: [RotationService],
+  controllers: [RotationController],
+  exports: [RotationService],
+})
+export class RotationModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/rotation/rotation.service.ts b/src/modules/rotation/rotation.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b8ba0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/rotation/rotation.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+export interface RotationRecord {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  department: string;
+  startDate: string;
+  endDate: string;
+  supervisor?: string;
+  notes?: string;
+  completed: boolean;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class RotationService {
+  private records = new Map<string, RotationRecord[]>();
+
+  addRecord(
+    studentId: string,
+    body: { department: string; startDate: string; endDate: string; supervisor?: string; notes?: string },
+  ): RotationRecord {
+    const record: RotationRecord = {
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      studentId,
+      department: body.department,
+      startDate: body.startDate,
+      endDate: body.endDate,
+      supervisor: body.supervisor,
+      notes: body.notes,
+      completed: new Date(body.endDate) < new Date(),
+      createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+
+    const userRecords = this.records.get(studentId) ?? [];
+    userRecords.push(record);
+    this.records.set(studentId, userRecords);
+
+    return record;
+  }
+
+  listRecords(studentId: string): RotationRecord[] {
+    return this.records.get(studentId) ?? [];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/builtin-skills.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/builtin-skills.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f99a0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/builtin-skills.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/**
+ * 内置技能定义（需求 13.1）。
+ *
+ * 需求 13.1 要求技能库至少包含以下 8 个技能：资料查询、检索式生成、文献综述、
+ * 病例分析、鉴别诊断辅助、医患沟通模拟、医学翻译与引用生成。
+ *
+ * 本文件提供这 8 个技能的内置定义种子。它们以 `enabled: false` 出厂，需经管理员
+ * 或导师配置并启用后方可对学生开放（需求 13.6）——种子数据本身不构成"启用"。
+ * 每个定义均完整包含五要素（需求 13.2），可被序列化往返（需求 13.9）。
+ */
+
+import {
+  KnowledgeSourceType,
+  OutputType,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SkillInputType,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/** 内置技能的稳定标识。 */
+export const BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS = {
+  ResearchQuery: 'skill.research-query',
+  SearchQueryGeneration: 'skill.search-query-generation',
+  LiteratureReview: 'skill.literature-review',
+  CaseAnalysis: 'skill.case-analysis',
+  DifferentialDiagnosis: 'skill.differential-diagnosis',
+  DoctorPatientCommunication: 'skill.doctor-patient-communication',
+  MedicalTranslation: 'skill.medical-translation',
+  CitationGeneration: 'skill.citation-generation',
+} as const;
+
+/** 默认可信度标注规则：要求至少一条来源、无法溯源时标注"未经核验"（呼应需求 16）。 */
+const sourcedCredibilityRule = {
+  requireSource: true,
+  minSources: 1,
+  minConfidence: 60,
+  markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: true,
+} as const;
+
+/**
+ * 8 个内置技能定义（需求 13.1）。
+ *
+ * 注意：以工厂函数返回全新数组与对象，避免调用方共享/篡改同一引用。
+ */
+export function createBuiltinSkillDefinitions(): SkillDefinition[] {
+  return [
+    // 1. 资料查询
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery,
+      name: '资料查询',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '基于研究问题在权威资料来源中查询相关文献',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'question', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true, maxLength: 2000 },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '解析研究问题，检索权威资料来源并返回相关条目',
+        steps: ['解析问题', '检索资料来源', '汇总结果'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'pubmed', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: true },
+        { sourceId: 'cnki', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: false },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Structured,
+        description: '检索结果列表（含检索信息、摘要、原文链接）',
+        fields: [{ name: 'items', type: 'array<reference>' }],
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 2. 检索式生成
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.SearchQueryGeneration,
+      name: '检索式生成',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '将自然语言问题转换为 PICO/MeSH 检索式',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'question', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true, maxLength: 2000 },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '抽取 PICO 要素并映射 MeSH 词，组装检索式',
+        steps: ['抽取 PICO', '映射 MeSH', '组装检索式'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'mesh', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Structured,
+        description: 'PICO/MeSH 检索式',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'query', type: 'string' },
+          { name: 'pico', type: 'object' },
+        ],
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 3. 文献综述
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.LiteratureReview,
+      name: '文献综述',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '对一组文献条目生成结构化综述',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'references', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true },
+          { name: 'topic', type: SkillInputType.String, required: false, maxLength: 200 },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '归纳文献观点、按主题组织并生成综述，每条结论附来源引用',
+        steps: ['归纳观点', '主题聚类', '生成综述'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'pubmed', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: true },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Markdown,
+        description: '结构化文献综述（含引用）',
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 4. 病例分析
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.CaseAnalysis,
+      name: '病例分析',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '对病例资料进行结构化分析',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'caseText', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '提取病史、查体、检查要点，归纳问题列表并给出分析',
+        steps: ['提取要点', '归纳问题', '生成分析'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'uptodate', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Structured,
+        description: '病例分析结果',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'problemList', type: 'array<string>' },
+          { name: 'analysis', type: 'string' },
+        ],
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 5. 鉴别诊断辅助
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.DifferentialDiagnosis,
+      name: '鉴别诊断辅助',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '基于临床表现给出鉴别诊断列表（仅辅助）',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'findings', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '依据临床表现生成候选诊断并给出鉴别要点，标注仅供辅助',
+        steps: ['生成候选诊断', '给出鉴别要点'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'uptodate', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+        { sourceId: 'guidelines', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: false },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Structured,
+        description: '鉴别诊断列表',
+        fields: [{ name: 'differentials', type: 'array<diagnosis>' }],
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 6. 医患沟通模拟
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.DoctorPatientCommunication,
+      name: '医患沟通模拟',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '模拟医患沟通情景并给出沟通反馈',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'scenario', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true },
+          { name: 'utterance', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: false },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '基于沟通情景模拟患者应答，并对学生表达给出沟通技巧反馈',
+        steps: ['模拟应答', '评估沟通技巧', '给出反馈'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'communication-guideline', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Structured,
+        description: '沟通模拟应答与反馈',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'reply', type: 'string' },
+          { name: 'feedback', type: 'string' },
+        ],
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 7. 医学翻译
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.MedicalTranslation,
+      name: '医学翻译',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '在保持医学术语准确的前提下进行翻译',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'text', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true },
+          {
+            name: 'targetLanguage',
+            type: SkillInputType.Enum,
+            required: true,
+            allowedValues: ['zh', 'en'],
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '识别医学术语并对照术语库翻译，保持专业准确性',
+        steps: ['识别术语', '对照术语库', '翻译'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'medical-terminology', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Text,
+        description: '翻译结果',
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+    // 8. 引用生成
+    {
+      id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.CitationGeneration,
+      name: '引用生成',
+      inputSpec: {
+        description: '按指定格式为文献条目生成引用',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'references', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true },
+          {
+            name: 'format',
+            type: SkillInputType.Enum,
+            required: true,
+            allowedValues: ['vancouver', 'gb-t-7714'],
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      processingLogic: {
+        description: '解析文献元数据并按 Vancouver / GB-T 7714 格式生成引用',
+        steps: ['解析元数据', '按格式生成引用'],
+      },
+      knowledgeSources: [
+        { sourceId: 'citation-style', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+      ],
+      outputFormat: {
+        type: OutputType.Structured,
+        description: '引用列表',
+        fields: [{ name: 'citations', type: 'array<string>' }],
+      },
+      credibilityRule: sourcedCredibilityRule,
+      enabled: false,
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+/** 内置技能数量（需求 13.1：至少 8 个）。 */
+export const BUILTIN_SKILL_COUNT = 8;
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/entities/skill-audit-log.entity.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/entities/skill-audit-log.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5043c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/entities/skill-audit-log.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { Column, CreateDateColumn, Entity, Index, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  SkillActorRole,
+  SkillDefinitionChange,
+  SkillGovernanceAction,
+} from '../skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义变更审计日志持久化实体（需求 13.7）。
+ *
+ * 记录管理员或导师新增、修改或启用技能定义的审计信息：操作者身份
+ * （`actorId` + `actorRole`）、操作时间（`timestamp`）与变更内容
+ * （`action` + `changes`）。审计日志仅追加、不可篡改。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'skill_audit_logs' })
+export class SkillAuditLogEntity {
+  /** 审计日志条目唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 被治理的技能标识。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  skillId!: string;
+
+  /** 操作者身份标识（需求 13.7：操作者身份）。 */
+  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  actorId!: string;
+
+  /** 操作者角色（需求 13.7：操作者身份）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  actorRole!: SkillActorRole;
+
+  /** 治理操作类型。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 32 })
+  action!: SkillGovernanceAction;
+
+  /** 变更内容（需求 13.7：变更内容）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  changes!: SkillDefinitionChange[];
+
+  /** 操作时间（需求 13.7：操作时间）。 */
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
+  timestamp!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/entities/skill-definition.entity.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/entities/skill-definition.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2c0b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/entities/skill-definition.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { Column, Entity, PrimaryColumn } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  CredibilityRule,
+  InputSpec,
+  OutputFormat,
+  ProcessingLogic,
+  SourceBinding,
+} from '../skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义持久化实体（需求 13.2）。
+ *
+ * 以业务标识（如 `skill.research-query`）作为主键，保证跨模块引用稳定。
+ * 五要素中结构化的部分（输入规格、AI 处理逻辑、知识源绑定、输出格式、
+ * 可信度标注规则）以 JSONB 存储，与能力图谱实体使用 JSONB 存半结构化数据的风格一致。
+ *
+ * 序列化往返一致性（需求 13.9）由 `SkillDefinitionService` 保障；本实体仅负责落库。
+ */
+@Entity({ name: 'skill_definitions' })
+export class SkillDefinitionEntity {
+  /** 技能唯一标识（业务主键）。 */
+  @PrimaryColumn({ type: 'varchar', length: 128 })
+  id!: string;
+
+  /** 技能名称。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 256 })
+  name!: string;
+
+  /** 输入规格（要素一）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  inputSpec!: InputSpec;
+
+  /** AI 处理逻辑说明（要素二）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  processingLogic!: ProcessingLogic;
+
+  /** 知识源绑定（要素三）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  knowledgeSources!: SourceBinding[];
+
+  /** 输出格式（要素四）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  outputFormat!: OutputFormat;
+
+  /** 可信度标注规则（要素五）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'jsonb' })
+  credibilityRule!: CredibilityRule;
+
+  /** 是否已启用（需求 13.6：开放给学生前须启用）。 */
+  @Column({ type: 'boolean', default: false })
+  enabled!: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/index.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8364ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+export * from './skill-center.types';
+export * from './skill-center.dto';
+export * from './skill-center.controller';
+export * from './skill-definition.service';
+export * from './skill-governance.service';
+export * from './skill-invocation.service';
+export * from './knowledge-source-availability';
+export * from './skill-competency-tags';
+export * from './builtin-skills';
+export * from './entities/skill-definition.entity';
+export * from './entities/skill-audit-log.entity';
+export * from './repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository';
+export * from './repositories/typeorm-skill-center.repository';
+export * from './skill-center.module';
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/knowledge-source-availability.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/knowledge-source-availability.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..855274b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/knowledge-source-availability.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  KnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker,
+  SourceBinding,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 默认知识源可用性检查器（需求 13.5）。
+ *
+ * 内存可配置实现：默认认为所有知识源可用；可通过 `setUnavailable` /
+ * `setAvailable` 配置个别知识源不可用，以驱动"绑定知识源不可用 → 终止调用"
+ * 的失败路径（需求 13.5）。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器风格一致：无需外部依赖即可工作，作为默认装配与测试替身。
+ * 后续接入真实资料来源时，可由对接 `ReferenceSourceAdapter` 的适配器替换本实现，
+ * 通过 `KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY` 令牌注入，业务代码无需改动。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker
+  implements KnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker
+{
+  /** 显式标记为不可用的知识源 id 集合；不在其中的默认视为可用。 */
+  private readonly unavailable = new Set<string>();
+
+  /** 标记一个知识源不可用（模拟外部知识源宕机）。 */
+  setUnavailable(sourceId: string): void {
+    this.unavailable.add(sourceId);
+  }
+
+  /** 标记一个知识源恢复可用。 */
+  setAvailable(sourceId: string): void {
+    this.unavailable.delete(sourceId);
+  }
+
+  /** 重置为全部可用。 */
+  reset(): void {
+    this.unavailable.clear();
+  }
+
+  async isAvailable(binding: SourceBinding): Promise<boolean> {
+    return !this.unavailable.has(binding.sourceId);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a21284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  SkillCenterRepository,
+  SkillDefinition,
+} from '../skill-center.types';
+import { normalizeSkillDefinition } from '../skill-definition.service';
+
+/**
+ * 内存版技能能力中心仓库。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱内存仓库风格一致：无需数据库即可工作，
+ * 作为默认装配与测试替身。真实持久化由 `TypeOrmSkillCenterRepository` 在
+ * 具备 PostgreSQL 环境时提供。
+ *
+ * 不变量维护：
+ * - 技能定义按 `id` 主键唯一存储，存取时做规范化与深拷贝，避免外部引用篡改内部状态。
+ * - 审计日志按写入顺序追加（仅追加，不可变），呼应审计日志的不可篡改语义（需求 13.7）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class InMemorySkillCenterRepository implements SkillCenterRepository {
+  private readonly definitions = new Map<string, SkillDefinition>();
+  private readonly auditLogs: SkillAuditLogEntry[] = [];
+
+  async saveDefinition(def: SkillDefinition): Promise<SkillDefinition> {
+    const stored = normalizeSkillDefinition(def);
+    this.definitions.set(stored.id, stored);
+    return normalizeSkillDefinition(stored);
+  }
+
+  async findDefinition(id: string): Promise<SkillDefinition | null> {
+    const found = this.definitions.get(id);
+    return found ? normalizeSkillDefinition(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listDefinitions(): Promise<SkillDefinition[]> {
+    return [...this.definitions.values()].map((d) =>
+      normalizeSkillDefinition(d),
+    );
+  }
+
+  async appendAuditLog(
+    entry: SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  ): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry> {
+    const stored = this.cloneAuditLog(entry);
+    this.auditLogs.push(stored);
+    return this.cloneAuditLog(stored);
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.auditLogs.map((e) => this.cloneAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogsBySkill(skillId: string): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.auditLogs
+      .filter((e) => e.skillId === skillId)
+      .map((e) => this.cloneAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  private cloneAuditLog(entry: SkillAuditLogEntry): SkillAuditLogEntry {
+    return {
+      ...entry,
+      timestamp: new Date(entry.timestamp),
+      changes: entry.changes.map((c) => ({ ...c })),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/repositories/typeorm-skill-center.repository.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/repositories/typeorm-skill-center.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efaa62e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/repositories/typeorm-skill-center.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+
+import {
+  SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  SkillCenterRepository,
+  SkillDefinition,
+} from '../skill-center.types';
+import { SkillAuditLogEntity } from '../entities/skill-audit-log.entity';
+import { SkillDefinitionEntity } from '../entities/skill-definition.entity';
+import { normalizeSkillDefinition } from '../skill-definition.service';
+
+/**
+ * 基于 TypeORM / PostgreSQL 的技能能力中心仓库实现。
+ *
+ * 通过 `@nestjs/typeorm` 注入实体仓库，实现技能定义与技能治理审计日志的持久化
+ * （需求 13.2、13.7）。与内存实现共享 `SkillCenterRepository` 接口，可在装配层互换。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TypeOrmSkillCenterRepository implements SkillCenterRepository {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(SkillDefinitionEntity)
+    private readonly definitionRepo: Repository<SkillDefinitionEntity>,
+    @InjectRepository(SkillAuditLogEntity)
+    private readonly auditLogRepo: Repository<SkillAuditLogEntity>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async saveDefinition(def: SkillDefinition): Promise<SkillDefinition> {
+    const normalized = normalizeSkillDefinition(def);
+    const entity = this.definitionRepo.create({
+      id: normalized.id,
+      name: normalized.name,
+      inputSpec: normalized.inputSpec,
+      processingLogic: normalized.processingLogic,
+      knowledgeSources: normalized.knowledgeSources,
+      outputFormat: normalized.outputFormat,
+      credibilityRule: normalized.credibilityRule,
+      enabled: normalized.enabled,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.definitionRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toDefinition(saved);
+  }
+
+  async findDefinition(id: string): Promise<SkillDefinition | null> {
+    const found = await this.definitionRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    return found ? this.toDefinition(found) : null;
+  }
+
+  async listDefinitions(): Promise<SkillDefinition[]> {
+    const all = await this.definitionRepo.find();
+    return all.map((d) => this.toDefinition(d));
+  }
+
+  async appendAuditLog(
+    entry: SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  ): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry> {
+    const entity = this.auditLogRepo.create({
+      id: entry.id,
+      skillId: entry.skillId,
+      actorId: entry.actorId,
+      actorRole: entry.actorRole,
+      action: entry.action,
+      changes: entry.changes,
+      timestamp: entry.timestamp,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.auditLogRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.toAuditLog(saved);
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    const all = await this.auditLogRepo.find({ order: { timestamp: 'ASC' } });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  async listAuditLogsBySkill(skillId: string): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    const all = await this.auditLogRepo.find({
+      where: { skillId },
+      order: { timestamp: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return all.map((e) => this.toAuditLog(e));
+  }
+
+  private toDefinition(entity: SkillDefinitionEntity): SkillDefinition {
+    return normalizeSkillDefinition({
+      id: entity.id,
+      name: entity.name,
+      inputSpec: entity.inputSpec,
+      processingLogic: entity.processingLogic,
+      knowledgeSources: entity.knowledgeSources,
+      outputFormat: entity.outputFormat,
+      credibilityRule: entity.credibilityRule,
+      enabled: entity.enabled,
+    });
+  }
+
+  private toAuditLog(entity: SkillAuditLogEntity): SkillAuditLogEntry {
+    return {
+      id: entity.id,
+      skillId: entity.skillId,
+      actorId: entity.actorId,
+      actorRole: entity.actorRole,
+      action: entity.action,
+      timestamp: entity.timestamp,
+      changes: entity.changes.map((c) => ({ ...c })),
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.controller.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbc7bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { isErr } from '@common/result';
+import { toHttpException } from '@common/http';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { UpsertSkillDefinitionDto } from './skill-center.dto';
+import { SkillGovernanceService } from './skill-governance.service';
+import {
+  SkillActor,
+  SkillActorRole,
+  SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  SkillDefinition,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能能力中心治理 HTTP 接口（`/api/admin/skills`，需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）。
+ *
+ * 技能治理限定**管理员或导师**（需求 13.6）。本控制器以 `@Roles(Role.Administrator,
+ * Role.Mentor)` 做角色级守卫；服务层 `SkillGovernanceService` 仍以 `SkillActor` 再次
+ * 校验治理权限（纵深防御）。操作者身份取自认证身份（`@CurrentUser()`）。
+ *
+ * 端点：
+ * - `GET  /api/admin/skills`：列出技能库全部技能定义（需求 13.1）。
+ * - `GET  /api/admin/skills/:skillId`：查看单个技能定义。
+ * - `POST /api/admin/skills`：新增 / 修改技能定义（需求 13.6、13.7）。
+ * - `POST /api/admin/skills/:skillId/enable`：启用技能定义（需求 13.6、13.7）。
+ * - `GET  /api/admin/skills/audit-logs`：列出技能治理审计日志（需求 13.7）。
+ *
+ * 业务错误经 `toHttpException` 统一映射（越权 → 403、技能不存在/定义非法 → 4xx）。
+ */
+@Controller('api/admin/skills')
+@Roles(Role.Administrator, Role.Mentor)
+export class SkillCenterController {
+  constructor(private readonly governance: SkillGovernanceService) {}
+
+  /** 列出技能库全部技能定义（需求 13.1）。 */
+  @Get()
+  async listSkills(): Promise<SkillDefinition[]> {
+    return this.governance.listSkills();
+  }
+
+  /** 列出技能治理审计日志（需求 13.7）。 */
+  @Get('audit-logs')
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.governance.listAuditLogs();
+  }
+
+  /** 查看单个技能定义。 */
+  @Get(':skillId')
+  async getSkill(
+    @Param('skillId') skillId: string,
+  ): Promise<SkillDefinition | null> {
+    return this.governance.getSkill(skillId);
+  }
+
+  /** 新增或修改技能定义（管理员/导师，需求 13.6、13.7）。 */
+  @Post()
+  async upsertSkill(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Body() dto: UpsertSkillDefinitionDto,
+  ): Promise<SkillDefinition> {
+    const result = await this.governance.upsertSkillDefinition(
+      this.toActor(user),
+      {
+        id: dto.id,
+        name: dto.name,
+        inputSpec: dto.inputSpec,
+        processingLogic: dto.processingLogic,
+        knowledgeSources: dto.knowledgeSources,
+        outputFormat: dto.outputFormat,
+        credibilityRule: dto.credibilityRule,
+        enabled: dto.enabled ?? false,
+      },
+    );
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /** 启用一个技能定义，使其可对学生开放（管理员/导师，需求 13.6、13.7）。 */
+  @Post(':skillId/enable')
+  async enableSkill(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Param('skillId') skillId: string,
+  ): Promise<SkillDefinition> {
+    const result = await this.governance.enableSkill(this.toActor(user), skillId);
+    if (isErr(result)) {
+      throw toHttpException(result.error);
+    }
+    return result.value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 将认证身份映射为技能治理操作者（`SkillActor`）。
+   *
+   * 角色守卫已保证仅管理员/导师可达此处，故角色映射到对应的 `SkillActorRole`。
+   */
+  private toActor(user: AuthenticatedUser): SkillActor {
+    const role =
+      user.role === Role.Administrator
+        ? SkillActorRole.Administrator
+        : SkillActorRole.Mentor;
+    return { id: user.id, role };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.dto.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8de63af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import {
+  IsBoolean,
+  IsObject,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  MaxLength,
+} from 'class-validator';
+
+import type {
+  CredibilityRule,
+  InputSpec,
+  OutputFormat,
+  ProcessingLogic,
+  SourceBinding,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能能力中心 HTTP 请求体 DTO（需求 13）。
+ *
+ * 与既有 DTO 约定一致：使用 class-validator 在全局 `ValidationPipe`（whitelist +
+ * transform）下完成请求体校验。技能定义的五要素为深层嵌套结构，按既定的"复杂嵌套
+ * 对象最小校验 + 透传服务层"的务实约定，以 `@IsObject()` / `@IsString()` 等做最小
+ * 校验后透传给 `SkillGovernanceService`（服务层再做必填字段与规范化校验）。
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 新增 / 修改技能定义请求体（需求 13.6、13.7）。
+ *
+ * `id`、`name` 必填且非空；五要素（inputSpec / processingLogic / knowledgeSources /
+ * outputFormat / credibilityRule）做最小存在性校验后透传，由服务层规范化与深校验。
+ * `enabled` 可选（缺省由服务层规范化处理）。操作者身份取自认证身份，不在请求体中传。
+ */
+export class UpsertSkillDefinitionDto {
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(128)
+  id!: string;
+
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(256)
+  name!: string;
+
+  @IsObject()
+  inputSpec!: InputSpec;
+
+  @IsObject()
+  processingLogic!: ProcessingLogic;
+
+  // 知识源绑定为数组；最小校验为存在即可（服务层规范化）。
+  knowledgeSources!: SourceBinding[];
+
+  @IsObject()
+  outputFormat!: OutputFormat;
+
+  @IsObject()
+  credibilityRule!: CredibilityRule;
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsBoolean()
+  enabled?: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.e2e.spec.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.e2e.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8570be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.e2e.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+
+import { AppModule } from '../../app.module';
+
+import { SkillGovernanceService } from './skill-governance.service';
+
+/**
+ * 技能能力中心治理 HTTP 端到端测试（需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）。
+ *
+ * 验证管理端技能治理接口：
+ * - 管理员可列出技能库、配置/启用技能、查看审计日志。
+ * - 未认证 401；学生越权 403（需求 13.6）。
+ * - 启用不存在技能 → 4xx。
+ *
+ * 先经 SkillGovernanceService.seedBuiltinSkills 装载内置技能（需求 13.1）。
+ */
+describe('SkillCenter Admin E2E (HTTP)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let baseUrl: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+    app = moduleRef.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true, transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+    await app.listen(0);
+    baseUrl = (await app.getUrl()).replace('[::1]', '127.0.0.1');
+
+    // 装载内置技能（需求 13.1）。
+    await app.get(SkillGovernanceService).seedBuiltinSkills();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  const req = (method: string, path: string, body?: unknown, token?: string) =>
+    fetch(`${baseUrl}${path}`, {
+      method,
+      headers: {
+        'content-type': 'application/json',
+        ...(token ? { authorization: `Bearer ${token}` } : {}),
+      },
+      ...(body !== undefined ? { body: JSON.stringify(body) } : {}),
+    });
+
+  const unique = () => `u_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10)}`;
+  const registerAndLogin = async (role: string): Promise<string> => {
+    const username = unique();
+    await req('POST', '/api/auth/register', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+      role,
+      displayName: '测试',
+    });
+    const res = await req('POST', '/api/auth/login', {
+      username,
+      password: 'sup3rsecret',
+    });
+    return (await res.json()).accessToken;
+  };
+
+  it('管理员列出技能库（≥8 个内置技能，需求 13.1）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('administrator');
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/admin/skills', undefined, token);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const skills = await res.json();
+    expect(Array.isArray(skills)).toBe(true);
+    expect(skills.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(8);
+  });
+
+  it('管理员启用技能并产生审计日志（需求 13.6、13.7）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('administrator');
+    const enableRes = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/admin/skills/skill.research-query/enable',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(enableRes.status).toBe(201);
+    const enabled = await enableRes.json();
+    expect(enabled.enabled).toBe(true);
+
+    const logsRes = await req(
+      'GET',
+      '/api/admin/skills/audit-logs',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(logsRes.status).toBe(200);
+    const logs = await logsRes.json();
+    expect(logs.some((l: { skillId: string }) => l.skillId === 'skill.research-query')).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('导师亦可治理技能（需求 13.6）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('mentor');
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/admin/skills', undefined, token);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  it('学生越权访问技能治理被拒（403，需求 13.6）', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('student');
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/admin/skills', undefined, token);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+  });
+
+  it('未认证访问被拒（401）', async () => {
+    const res = await req('GET', '/api/admin/skills');
+    expect(res.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it('启用不存在的技能返回 4xx', async () => {
+    const token = await registerAndLogin('administrator');
+    const res = await req(
+      'POST',
+      '/api/admin/skills/skill.does-not-exist/enable',
+      undefined,
+      token,
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(400);
+    expect(res.status).toBeLessThan(500);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.module.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63fb9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+
+import { AIGatewayModule } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { isDatabaseEnabled } from '@infra/database/persistence.util';
+import { CompetencyGraphModule } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { SkillAuditLogEntity } from './entities/skill-audit-log.entity';
+import { SkillDefinitionEntity } from './entities/skill-definition.entity';
+import { DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker } from './knowledge-source-availability';
+import { SkillCenterController } from './skill-center.controller';
+import { SkillDefinitionService } from './skill-definition.service';
+import { SkillGovernanceService } from './skill-governance.service';
+import { SkillInvocationService } from './skill-invocation.service';
+import {
+  KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY,
+  SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+import { InMemorySkillCenterRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository';
+import { TypeOrmSkillCenterRepository } from './repositories/typeorm-skill-center.repository';
+
+/** 技能能力中心持久化实体集合（DB_ENABLED 时注册）。 */
+const SKILL_CENTER_ENTITIES = [SkillDefinitionEntity, SkillAuditLogEntity];
+
+/**
+ * 仓库 provider 装配（需求 13 持久化）。
+ *
+ * `DB_ENABLED=true` 时绑定 TypeORM 实现（PostgreSQL），否则绑定内存实现。
+ */
+const repositoryProviders = isDatabaseEnabled()
+  ? [
+      {
+        provide: SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY,
+        useClass: TypeOrmSkillCenterRepository,
+      },
+    ]
+  : [
+      InMemorySkillCenterRepository,
+      {
+        provide: SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY,
+        useExisting: InMemorySkillCenterRepository,
+      },
+    ];
+
+/**
+ * 技能能力中心模块（底座，需求 13）。
+ *
+ * 本模块实现：
+ * - 任务 3.1：技能定义五要素结构与序列化往返（`SkillDefinitionService`，需求 13.2、13.9）。
+ * - 任务 3.2：技能治理——配置、启用与审计（`SkillGovernanceService`，需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）。
+ * - 任务 3.3：技能调用与失败处理（`SkillInvocationService`，需求 13.3、13.4、13.5、13.8）。
+ *
+ * 依赖：
+ * - `AIGatewayModule`：统一经 AI 网关调用大模型（`AI_GATEWAY`），便于可信度标注与测试替换。
+ * - `CompetencyGraphModule`：成功调用完成后将使用数据映射到能力图谱（需求 13.8）。
+ *
+ * 仓库抽象 `SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY`：默认绑定内存实现，无需数据库即可运行
+ * （与脚手架中 mock 适配器、能力图谱底座风格一致）。
+ *
+ * 知识源可用性 `KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY`：默认绑定内存可配置实现，
+ * 后续可替换为对接资料来源适配器的实现，通过令牌注入无需改动业务代码（需求 13.5）。
+ *
+ * 持久化：TypeORM 实体（SkillDefinitionEntity / SkillAuditLogEntity）与
+ * `TypeOrmSkillCenterRepository` 已提供，待具备 PostgreSQL 环境时，可在此处通过
+ * `TypeOrmModule.forFeature([...])` 注册实体并将仓库 provider 替换为 TypeORM 实现，
+ * 业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AIGatewayModule,
+    CompetencyGraphModule,
+    ...(isDatabaseEnabled()
+      ? [TypeOrmModule.forFeature(SKILL_CENTER_ENTITIES)]
+      : []),
+  ],
+  providers: [
+    ...repositoryProviders,
+    DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker,
+    {
+      provide: KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY,
+      useExisting: DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker,
+    },
+    SkillDefinitionService,
+    SkillGovernanceService,
+    SkillInvocationService,
+  ],
+  controllers: [SkillCenterController],
+  exports: [
+    SkillDefinitionService,
+    SkillGovernanceService,
+    SkillInvocationService,
+    SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY,
+    KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY,
+  ],
+})
+export class SkillCenterModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.types.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c93878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-center.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+/**
+ * 技能能力中心（Skill_Center）领域类型与技能定义结构。
+ *
+ * 对应需求 13.2：每个技能定义应包含输入规格、AI 处理逻辑说明、知识源绑定、
+ * 输出格式与可信度标注规则五个组成部分。
+ *
+ * 本文件聚焦"技能定义五要素模型"，作为技能治理（任务 3.2）与技能调用
+ * （任务 3.3）的共享底座。序列化往返一致性（需求 13.9 / Property 1）由
+ * `skill-definition.codec.ts` 负责实现与验证。
+ */
+
+import { CredibilityAnnotation } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+
+/**
+ * 技能输入字段的数据类型（输入规格要素的一部分）。
+ *
+ * 用于校验调用输入是否符合 `inputSpec`（需求 13.4，在任务 3.3 实现校验）。
+ */
+export enum SkillInputType {
+  /** 短字符串。 */
+  String = 'string',
+  /** 长文本。 */
+  Text = 'text',
+  /** 数值。 */
+  Number = 'number',
+  /** 布尔值。 */
+  Boolean = 'boolean',
+  /** 枚举（取值需落在 `allowedValues` 中）。 */
+  Enum = 'enum',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单个输入字段规格。
+ *
+ * 描述一个调用输入字段的名称、类型、是否必填及可选的取值约束。
+ */
+export interface InputFieldSpec {
+  /** 字段名。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 字段数据类型。 */
+  type: SkillInputType;
+  /** 是否必填。 */
+  required: boolean;
+  /** 文本/字符串字段的最大长度（可选，非负整数）。 */
+  maxLength?: number;
+  /** 枚举字段允许的取值集合（`type` 为 `Enum` 时使用，可选）。 */
+  allowedValues?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 输入规格（需求 13.2 要素一）。
+ *
+ * 定义技能调用的输入形态：一组字段规格与可选的整体说明。
+ */
+export interface InputSpec {
+  /** 输入字段规格列表。 */
+  fields: InputFieldSpec[];
+  /** 输入整体说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * AI 处理逻辑说明（需求 13.2 要素二）。
+ *
+ * 以结构化方式描述技能背后的 AI 处理逻辑：自然语言说明、可选模型标识与处理步骤。
+ */
+export interface ProcessingLogic {
+  /** 处理逻辑的自然语言说明（提示词模板/策略描述）。 */
+  description: string;
+  /** 使用的大模型标识（可选）。 */
+  model?: string;
+  /** 有序处理步骤（可选）。 */
+  steps?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 知识源类型。
+ *
+ * - `Authoritative`：权威知识源（教材、临床指南、官方题库等）。
+ * - `Reference`：资料来源（PubMed/CNKI/万方/UpToDate/Cochrane 等）。
+ */
+export enum KnowledgeSourceType {
+  Authoritative = 'authoritative',
+  Reference = 'reference',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 知识源绑定（需求 13.2 要素三）。
+ *
+ * 将技能绑定到一个知识源。`required` 标识该知识源是否为调用所必需
+ * （不可用时调用失败，见需求 13.5，在任务 3.3 实现）。
+ */
+export interface SourceBinding {
+  /** 知识源标识。 */
+  sourceId: string;
+  /** 知识源类型。 */
+  type: KnowledgeSourceType;
+  /** 该知识源是否为调用所必需。 */
+  required: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 输出内容类型。
+ */
+export enum OutputType {
+  /** 纯文本。 */
+  Text = 'text',
+  /** Markdown 文本。 */
+  Markdown = 'markdown',
+  /** JSON 对象。 */
+  Json = 'json',
+  /** 结构化字段集合。 */
+  Structured = 'structured',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 输出字段规格（`OutputType` 为 `Json`/`Structured` 时描述输出结构）。
+ */
+export interface OutputFieldSpec {
+  /** 输出字段名。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 输出字段类型（自由描述，如 'string' / 'array<citation>'）。 */
+  type: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 输出格式（需求 13.2 要素四）。
+ *
+ * 定义技能调用结果的呈现形态：输出类型、可选输出结构与说明。
+ */
+export interface OutputFormat {
+  /** 输出类型。 */
+  type: OutputType;
+  /** 输出结构字段（`type` 为 `Json`/`Structured` 时使用，可选）。 */
+  fields?: OutputFieldSpec[];
+  /** 输出格式说明（可选）。 */
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 可信度标注规则（需求 13.2 要素五）。
+ *
+ * 定义技能输出附带可信度标注的规则，呼应 AI 可信层（需求 16）：
+ * - `requireSource`：是否要求至少一条来源。
+ * - `minSources`：最少来源数量（非负整数）。
+ * - `minConfidence`：置信度下界（0-100）。
+ * - `markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable`：无法溯源时是否标注"未经核验"（需求 16.4）。
+ */
+export interface CredibilityRule {
+  /** 是否要求至少一条来源。 */
+  requireSource: boolean;
+  /** 最少来源数量（非负整数）。 */
+  minSources: number;
+  /** 置信度下界（0-100）。 */
+  minConfidence: number;
+  /** 无法溯源时是否标注"未经核验"。 */
+  markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义（需求 13.2 五要素结构）。
+ *
+ * 一个技能定义由以下五个组成部分构成，外加标识、名称与启用状态：
+ * 1. `inputSpec`         —— 输入规格。
+ * 2. `processingLogic`   —— AI 处理逻辑说明。
+ * 3. `knowledgeSources`  —— 知识源绑定。
+ * 4. `outputFormat`      —— 输出格式。
+ * 5. `credibilityRule`   —— 可信度标注规则。
+ *
+ * 不变量：
+ * - `id` 为非空唯一标识。
+ * - 序列化保存再读取后应得到等价的技能定义（需求 13.9 / Property 1）。
+ */
+export interface SkillDefinition {
+  /** 技能唯一标识（非空）。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 技能名称。 */
+  name: string;
+  /** 输入规格（要素一）。 */
+  inputSpec: InputSpec;
+  /** AI 处理逻辑说明（要素二）。 */
+  processingLogic: ProcessingLogic;
+  /** 知识源绑定（要素三）。 */
+  knowledgeSources: SourceBinding[];
+  /** 输出格式（要素四）。 */
+  outputFormat: OutputFormat;
+  /** 可信度标注规则（要素五）。 */
+  credibilityRule: CredibilityRule;
+  /** 是否已启用（需求 13.6：开放给学生前须启用）。 */
+  enabled: boolean;
+}
+
+/** 序列化格式版本号，便于未来演进时的兼容处理。 */
+export const SKILL_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION = 1;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 技能治理（任务 3.2，需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * 操作者角色（最小角色抽象）。
+ *
+ * 需求 13.6 要求技能定义须经"管理员或导师"配置并启用；需求 13.7 要求记录
+ * 操作者身份。本系统的统一权限分级由合规模块（任务 4.1 / 需求 17）负责，
+ * 但该横切层尚未落地。为使技能治理可独立实现与测试，这里先定义一个**最小**
+ * 角色枚举与操作者抽象。
+ *
+ * 待办（与合规模块集成）：合规模块落地后，应将此处的 `SkillActorRole` /
+ * `SkillActor` 替换或适配为统一的 `User` / 角色类型，治理方法的角色判定改为
+ * 调用 `ComplianceModule.checkAccess()`，从而与全系统权限矩阵保持一致。
+ */
+export enum SkillActorRole {
+  /** 学生：仅可调用已启用技能，不可治理技能定义。 */
+  Student = 'student',
+  /** 导师：可配置、启用技能定义（需求 13.6）。 */
+  Mentor = 'mentor',
+  /** 管理员：可配置、启用技能定义（需求 13.6）。 */
+  Administrator = 'administrator',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 操作者（最小用户抽象）。
+ *
+ * 承载技能治理审计所需的最小身份信息：唯一标识与角色（需求 13.7）。
+ */
+export interface SkillActor {
+  /** 操作者唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 操作者角色。 */
+  role: SkillActorRole;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 允许治理技能定义的角色集合（需求 13.6：管理员或导师）。
+ */
+export const SKILL_GOVERNANCE_ROLES: readonly SkillActorRole[] = [
+  SkillActorRole.Administrator,
+  SkillActorRole.Mentor,
+] as const;
+
+/** 判定某角色是否具备技能治理权限（需求 13.6）。 */
+export function canGovernSkills(role: SkillActorRole): boolean {
+  return SKILL_GOVERNANCE_ROLES.includes(role);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义治理操作类型（需求 13.7）。
+ *
+ * - `Create`：新增一个技能定义。
+ * - `Update`：修改一个已存在的技能定义。
+ * - `Enable`：启用一个技能定义（使其可对学生开放，需求 13.6）。
+ */
+export enum SkillGovernanceAction {
+  Create = 'create',
+  Update = 'update',
+  Enable = 'enable',
+}
+
+/**
+ * 单个字段的变更内容（需求 13.7 的"变更内容"）。
+ *
+ * 以 `field` 标识发生变更的技能定义顶层字段，`before` / `after` 记录变更前后的值
+ * （新增时 `before` 为 `undefined`）。值以可序列化形式保存，便于审计追溯与持久化。
+ */
+export interface SkillDefinitionChange {
+  /** 发生变更的字段名（技能定义顶层字段）。 */
+  field: string;
+  /** 变更前的值（新增场景为 undefined）。 */
+  before?: unknown;
+  /** 变更后的值。 */
+  after?: unknown;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义变更审计日志条目（需求 13.7）。
+ *
+ * 记录"管理员或导师新增、修改或启用一个技能定义"的审计信息，包含：
+ * - 操作者身份（`actorId` + `actorRole`）。
+ * - 操作时间（`timestamp`）。
+ * - 变更内容（`action` + `changes`）。
+ */
+export interface SkillAuditLogEntry {
+  /** 审计日志条目唯一标识。 */
+  id: string;
+  /** 被治理的技能标识。 */
+  skillId: string;
+  /** 操作者身份标识（需求 13.7：操作者身份）。 */
+  actorId: string;
+  /** 操作者角色（需求 13.7：操作者身份）。 */
+  actorRole: SkillActorRole;
+  /** 治理操作类型。 */
+  action: SkillGovernanceAction;
+  /** 操作时间（需求 13.7：操作时间）。 */
+  timestamp: Date;
+  /** 变更内容（需求 13.7：变更内容）。 */
+  changes: SkillDefinitionChange[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * 技能能力中心持久化仓库抽象。
+ *
+ * 与脚手架中 infra 适配器、能力图谱底座一致：通过接口 + DI 令牌解耦实现，
+ * 既可用 TypeORM 实现对接 PostgreSQL，也可用内存实现用于测试与默认装配。
+ *
+ * 负责技能定义与技能治理审计日志的持久化。
+ */
+export interface SkillCenterRepository {
+  /** 新增或更新一个技能定义。 */
+  saveDefinition(def: SkillDefinition): Promise<SkillDefinition>;
+  /** 按 id 查找技能定义，不存在返回 null。 */
+  findDefinition(id: string): Promise<SkillDefinition | null>;
+  /** 列出全部技能定义。 */
+  listDefinitions(): Promise<SkillDefinition[]>;
+  /** 追加一条技能治理审计日志（需求 13.7）。 */
+  appendAuditLog(entry: SkillAuditLogEntry): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry>;
+  /** 列出全部审计日志（按写入顺序）。 */
+  listAuditLogs(): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]>;
+  /** 列出指定技能的审计日志（按写入顺序）。 */
+  listAuditLogsBySkill(skillId: string): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]>;
+}
+
+/** 技能能力中心持久化仓库的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY = Symbol('SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY');
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 技能调用（任务 3.3，需求 13.3、13.4、13.5、13.8）
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * 技能调用输入（需求 13.3、13.4）。
+ *
+ * 以"字段名 → 取值"的形式承载学生本次调用提交的输入，由 `invokeSkill` 依据该技能
+ * 的 `inputSpec` 校验是否符合输入规格（必填、类型、最大长度、枚举取值）。
+ */
+export type SkillInput = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+/**
+ * 知识源可用性检查抽象（需求 13.5）。
+ *
+ * 技能调用前需确认其绑定知识源是否可用：任一**必需**知识源不可用时，调用应被终止
+ * （不返回结果与可信度标注，返回失败提示）。该抽象将"可用性判定"与具体后端解耦：
+ * - 默认实现为内存可配置版（`DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker`），便于测试
+ *   与默认装配；
+ * - 后续可由对接真实资料来源 API 的适配器（如资料来源适配器
+ *   `ReferenceSourceAdapter`）实现，业务代码通过令牌注入无需改动。
+ */
+export interface KnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker {
+  /** 判定给定知识源绑定当前是否可用。 */
+  isAvailable(binding: SourceBinding): Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+/** 知识源可用性检查器的依赖注入令牌。 */
+export const KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY = Symbol(
+  'KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY',
+);
+
+/**
+ * 技能调用输出（需求 13.3）。
+ *
+ * 仅在调用成功时返回，按该技能 `outputFormat` 呈现结果，并附带符合其
+ * `credibilityRule` 的可信度标注。失败路径（输入不符规格、知识源不可用、处理失败）
+ * 不返回本结构（不返回结果与可信度标注，需求 13.4、13.5）。
+ */
+export interface SkillOutput {
+  /** 被调用的技能标识。 */
+  skillId: string;
+  /** 输出类型（与该技能 `outputFormat.type` 一致）。 */
+  outputType: OutputType;
+  /** 文本化的输出内容（Text/Markdown 直接呈现，Json/Structured 为序列化形态）。 */
+  content: string;
+  /** 结构化输出字段集合（`outputType` 为 Json/Structured 时提供）。 */
+  data?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  /** 可信度标注（符合该技能可信度标注规则，需求 13.3）。 */
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  /** 调用完成时间。 */
+  invokedAt: Date;
+  /** 本次调用耗时（毫秒），用于呼应 30 秒时限（需求 13.3）。 */
+  elapsedMs: number;
+}
+
+/** 技能调用的生成时限（毫秒）——需求 13.3 的 30 秒约束。 */
+export const SKILL_INVOCATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-competency-tags.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-competency-tags.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67b524f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-competency-tags.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * 技能 → 能力标签映射（需求 13.8）。
+ *
+ * 需求 13.8 要求：技能被成功调用完成时，应将该次调用的使用数据按能力标签映射到
+ * 能力图谱。本文件声明每个技能调用所贡献的能力标签集合，取值全部来自能力图谱的
+ * 默认统一标签体系（`DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS`），从而保证映射到的是**已定义**标签
+ * （映射有效性见能力图谱映射服务，需求 14.2、14.3）。
+ *
+ * 设计：以内置技能 id 为键给出其标签映射；对未在表中登记的自定义技能，调用方可
+ * 退化为不贡献能力标签（不写入能力图谱）或由治理流程补充映射。
+ */
+
+import { BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS } from './builtin-skills';
+
+/**
+ * 内置技能的能力标签映射（需求 13.8）。
+ *
+ * 每个技能映射到 1-10 个已定义能力标签（满足能力图谱映射数量约束，需求 14.2）。
+ * 标签 id 与 `DEFAULT_COMPETENCY_TAGS` 一致。
+ */
+export const SKILL_COMPETENCY_TAGS: Readonly<Record<string, readonly string[]>> =
+  {
+    // 资料查询 → 文献检索
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery]: ['tag.research.literature-search'],
+    // 检索式生成 → 检索式构建、文献检索
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.SearchQueryGeneration]: [
+      'tag.research.query-building',
+      'tag.research.literature-search',
+    ],
+    // 文献综述 → 文献综述、证据评价
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.LiteratureReview]: [
+      'tag.research.review',
+      'tag.research.evidence-appraisal',
+    ],
+    // 病例分析 → 临床决策、临床医学知识
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.CaseAnalysis]: [
+      'tag.clinical.decision',
+      'tag.knowledge.clinical',
+    ],
+    // 鉴别诊断辅助 → 临床决策
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.DifferentialDiagnosis]: ['tag.clinical.decision'],
+    // 医患沟通模拟 → 医患沟通
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.DoctorPatientCommunication]: [
+      'tag.humanistic.communication',
+    ],
+    // 医学翻译 → 基础医学知识
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.MedicalTranslation]: ['tag.knowledge.basic'],
+    // 引用生成 → 文献检索
+    [BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.CitationGeneration]: ['tag.research.literature-search'],
+  } as const;
+
+/**
+ * 解析某技能成功调用应贡献的能力标签（需求 13.8）。
+ *
+ * @returns 该技能映射的已定义能力标签（去重）；未登记映射的技能返回空数组
+ *   （调用方据此跳过能力图谱写入）。
+ */
+export function resolveSkillCompetencyTags(skillId: string): string[] {
+  const tags = SKILL_COMPETENCY_TAGS[skillId];
+  return tags ? [...new Set(tags)] : [];
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-definition.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-definition.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1a415f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-definition.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+import fc from 'fast-check';
+
+import {
+  SkillDefinitionCodecError,
+  SkillDefinitionService,
+} from './skill-definition.service';
+import {
+  CredibilityRule,
+  InputFieldSpec,
+  InputSpec,
+  KnowledgeSourceType,
+  OutputFieldSpec,
+  OutputFormat,
+  OutputType,
+  ProcessingLogic,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SkillInputType,
+  SourceBinding,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义模型与序列化测试（需求 13.2、13.9）。
+ *
+ * 包含：
+ * - 单元测试：五要素结构的序列化往返具体示例与边界（可选字段缺省、空数组、
+ *   字段顺序无关、非法输入防御）。
+ * - 属性测试：Property 1（技能定义序列化往返一致性）。
+ */
+describe('SkillDefinitionService（技能定义序列化，需求 13.2、13.9）', () => {
+  let service: SkillDefinitionService;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    service = new SkillDefinitionService();
+  });
+
+  /** 一个含全部五要素与可选字段的完整技能定义样例。 */
+  const fullDefinition: SkillDefinition = {
+    id: 'skill.research-query',
+    name: '资料查询',
+    inputSpec: {
+      description: '自然语言研究问题',
+      fields: [
+        { name: 'question', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true, maxLength: 2000 },
+        {
+          name: 'mode',
+          type: SkillInputType.Enum,
+          required: false,
+          allowedValues: ['fast', 'thorough'],
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    processingLogic: {
+      description: '将问题转换为 PICO/MeSH 检索式并检索',
+      model: 'gpt-medical',
+      steps: ['解析问题', '生成检索式', '检索', '汇总'],
+    },
+    knowledgeSources: [
+      { sourceId: 'pubmed', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: true },
+      { sourceId: 'cochrane', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: false },
+    ],
+    outputFormat: {
+      type: OutputType.Structured,
+      description: '检索结果列表',
+      fields: [
+        { name: 'items', type: 'array<reference>' },
+        { name: 'query', type: 'string' },
+      ],
+    },
+    credibilityRule: {
+      requireSource: true,
+      minSources: 1,
+      minConfidence: 60,
+      markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: true,
+    },
+    enabled: true,
+  };
+
+  describe('五要素结构与序列化往返（具体示例）', () => {
+    it('完整技能定义序列化再反序列化后与原定义等价', () => {
+      const raw = service.serialize(fullDefinition);
+      const restored = service.deserialize(raw);
+
+      expect(restored).toEqual(fullDefinition);
+      expect(service.equivalent(restored, fullDefinition)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('序列化结果为合法 JSON 字符串', () => {
+      const raw = service.serialize(fullDefinition);
+      expect(() => JSON.parse(raw)).not.toThrow();
+      expect(typeof raw).toBe('string');
+    });
+
+    it('反序列化结果包含五要素全部组成部分', () => {
+      const restored = service.deserialize(service.serialize(fullDefinition));
+      expect(restored.inputSpec).toBeDefined();
+      expect(restored.processingLogic).toBeDefined();
+      expect(restored.knowledgeSources).toBeDefined();
+      expect(restored.outputFormat).toBeDefined();
+      expect(restored.credibilityRule).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('最小化技能定义（无可选字段、空知识源）往返一致', () => {
+      const minimal: SkillDefinition = {
+        id: 'skill.min',
+        name: '最小技能',
+        inputSpec: { fields: [] },
+        processingLogic: { description: '直接返回' },
+        knowledgeSources: [],
+        outputFormat: { type: OutputType.Text },
+        credibilityRule: {
+          requireSource: false,
+          minSources: 0,
+          minConfidence: 0,
+          markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: false,
+        },
+        enabled: false,
+      };
+
+      const restored = service.deserialize(service.serialize(minimal));
+      expect(restored).toEqual(minimal);
+    });
+
+    it('字段书写顺序不同的等价定义序列化结果相同', () => {
+      const reordered: SkillDefinition = {
+        enabled: fullDefinition.enabled,
+        credibilityRule: fullDefinition.credibilityRule,
+        outputFormat: fullDefinition.outputFormat,
+        knowledgeSources: fullDefinition.knowledgeSources,
+        processingLogic: fullDefinition.processingLogic,
+        inputSpec: fullDefinition.inputSpec,
+        name: fullDefinition.name,
+        id: fullDefinition.id,
+      };
+
+      expect(service.serialize(reordered)).toBe(service.serialize(fullDefinition));
+      expect(service.equivalent(reordered, fullDefinition)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('可选字段缺省与显式 undefined 视为等价', () => {
+      const withUndefined: SkillDefinition = {
+        ...fullDefinition,
+        inputSpec: { fields: [], description: undefined },
+        processingLogic: { description: '逻辑', model: undefined, steps: undefined },
+        outputFormat: { type: OutputType.Text, fields: undefined, description: undefined },
+      };
+      const withoutOptionals: SkillDefinition = {
+        ...fullDefinition,
+        inputSpec: { fields: [] },
+        processingLogic: { description: '逻辑' },
+        outputFormat: { type: OutputType.Text },
+      };
+
+      expect(service.serialize(withUndefined)).toBe(
+        service.serialize(withoutOptionals),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('反序列化非法输入防御', () => {
+    it('非法 JSON 抛出 SkillDefinitionCodecError', () => {
+      expect(() => service.deserialize('not-json{')).toThrow(
+        SkillDefinitionCodecError,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('缺少 definition 字段抛出 SkillDefinitionCodecError', () => {
+      expect(() => service.deserialize('{"schemaVersion":1}')).toThrow(
+        SkillDefinitionCodecError,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('根节点非对象抛出 SkillDefinitionCodecError', () => {
+      expect(() => service.deserialize('42')).toThrow(SkillDefinitionCodecError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Property 1: 技能定义序列化往返一致性
+   *
+   * 对任意有效的 SkillDefinition def，有 deserialize(serialize(def)) 等价于 def。
+   *
+   * **Validates: Requirements 13.9**
+   */
+  describe('Property 1: 技能定义序列化往返一致性', () => {
+    // ---- 智能生成器：构造任意有效的 SkillDefinition ----
+
+    const inputTypeArb = fc.constantFrom(...Object.values(SkillInputType));
+    const outputTypeArb = fc.constantFrom(...Object.values(OutputType));
+    const sourceTypeArb = fc.constantFrom(...Object.values(KnowledgeSourceType));
+
+    const inputFieldArb: fc.Arbitrary<InputFieldSpec> = fc.record(
+      {
+        name: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 20 }),
+        type: inputTypeArb,
+        required: fc.boolean(),
+        maxLength: fc.option(fc.nat({ max: 5000 }), { nil: undefined }),
+        allowedValues: fc.option(
+          fc.array(fc.string({ maxLength: 10 }), { maxLength: 5 }),
+          { nil: undefined },
+        ),
+      },
+      { requiredKeys: ['name', 'type', 'required'] },
+    );
+
+    const inputSpecArb: fc.Arbitrary<InputSpec> = fc.record(
+      {
+        fields: fc.array(inputFieldArb, { maxLength: 6 }),
+        description: fc.option(fc.string({ maxLength: 40 }), { nil: undefined }),
+      },
+      { requiredKeys: ['fields'] },
+    );
+
+    const processingLogicArb: fc.Arbitrary<ProcessingLogic> = fc.record(
+      {
+        description: fc.string({ maxLength: 60 }),
+        model: fc.option(fc.string({ maxLength: 20 }), { nil: undefined }),
+        steps: fc.option(fc.array(fc.string({ maxLength: 20 }), { maxLength: 6 }), {
+          nil: undefined,
+        }),
+      },
+      { requiredKeys: ['description'] },
+    );
+
+    const sourceBindingArb: fc.Arbitrary<SourceBinding> = fc.record({
+      sourceId: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 20 }),
+      type: sourceTypeArb,
+      required: fc.boolean(),
+    });
+
+    const outputFieldArb: fc.Arbitrary<OutputFieldSpec> = fc.record({
+      name: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 20 }),
+      type: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 20 }),
+    });
+
+    const outputFormatArb: fc.Arbitrary<OutputFormat> = fc.record(
+      {
+        type: outputTypeArb,
+        fields: fc.option(fc.array(outputFieldArb, { maxLength: 6 }), {
+          nil: undefined,
+        }),
+        description: fc.option(fc.string({ maxLength: 40 }), { nil: undefined }),
+      },
+      { requiredKeys: ['type'] },
+    );
+
+    const credibilityRuleArb: fc.Arbitrary<CredibilityRule> = fc.record({
+      requireSource: fc.boolean(),
+      minSources: fc.nat({ max: 10 }),
+      minConfidence: fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 100 }),
+      markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: fc.boolean(),
+    });
+
+    const skillDefinitionArb: fc.Arbitrary<SkillDefinition> = fc.record({
+      id: fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 30 }),
+      name: fc.string({ maxLength: 30 }),
+      inputSpec: inputSpecArb,
+      processingLogic: processingLogicArb,
+      knowledgeSources: fc.array(sourceBindingArb, { maxLength: 6 }),
+      outputFormat: outputFormatArb,
+      credibilityRule: credibilityRuleArb,
+      enabled: fc.boolean(),
+    });
+
+    it('deserialize(serialize(def)) 等价于 def', () => {
+      fc.assert(
+        fc.property(skillDefinitionArb, (def) => {
+          const restored = service.deserialize(service.serialize(def));
+          // 等价判定：规范形态深度相等。
+          expect(service.equivalent(restored, def)).toBe(true);
+          // 进一步：再次序列化结果稳定（幂等），佐证往返不丢失信息。
+          expect(service.serialize(restored)).toBe(service.serialize(def));
+        }),
+        { numRuns: 500 },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-definition.service.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-definition.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d052b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-definition.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  CredibilityRule,
+  InputFieldSpec,
+  InputSpec,
+  OutputFieldSpec,
+  OutputFormat,
+  ProcessingLogic,
+  SKILL_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SourceBinding,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义序列化错误。
+ *
+ * `deserialize` 在原始串无法解析或结构不符合技能定义五要素时抛出。
+ * 序列化往返（需求 13.9）路径不会触发本错误；它用于防御外部传入的非法数据。
+ */
+export class SkillDefinitionCodecError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'SkillDefinitionCodecError';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 将技能定义规整为规范形态（canonical form）。
+ *
+ * - 按固定字段顺序重建对象，使 `JSON.stringify` 输出稳定（与字段书写顺序无关）。
+ * - 丢弃取值为 `undefined` 的可选字段（使"未设置"与"显式 undefined"等价）。
+ * - 深拷贝数组，避免与入参共享引用。
+ *
+ * 规范化是序列化与等价判定的共同基础：两个语义等价的技能定义具有相同的规范形态。
+ */
+export function normalizeSkillDefinition(
+  def: SkillDefinition,
+): SkillDefinition {
+  return {
+    id: def.id,
+    name: def.name,
+    inputSpec: normalizeInputSpec(def.inputSpec),
+    processingLogic: normalizeProcessingLogic(def.processingLogic),
+    knowledgeSources: def.knowledgeSources.map(normalizeSourceBinding),
+    outputFormat: normalizeOutputFormat(def.outputFormat),
+    credibilityRule: normalizeCredibilityRule(def.credibilityRule),
+    enabled: def.enabled,
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizeInputSpec(spec: InputSpec): InputSpec {
+  const normalized: InputSpec = {
+    fields: spec.fields.map(normalizeInputField),
+  };
+  if (spec.description !== undefined) {
+    normalized.description = spec.description;
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function normalizeInputField(field: InputFieldSpec): InputFieldSpec {
+  const normalized: InputFieldSpec = {
+    name: field.name,
+    type: field.type,
+    required: field.required,
+  };
+  if (field.maxLength !== undefined) {
+    normalized.maxLength = field.maxLength;
+  }
+  if (field.allowedValues !== undefined) {
+    normalized.allowedValues = [...field.allowedValues];
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function normalizeProcessingLogic(logic: ProcessingLogic): ProcessingLogic {
+  const normalized: ProcessingLogic = {
+    description: logic.description,
+  };
+  if (logic.model !== undefined) {
+    normalized.model = logic.model;
+  }
+  if (logic.steps !== undefined) {
+    normalized.steps = [...logic.steps];
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function normalizeSourceBinding(binding: SourceBinding): SourceBinding {
+  return {
+    sourceId: binding.sourceId,
+    type: binding.type,
+    required: binding.required,
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizeOutputFormat(format: OutputFormat): OutputFormat {
+  const normalized: OutputFormat = {
+    type: format.type,
+  };
+  if (format.fields !== undefined) {
+    normalized.fields = format.fields.map(normalizeOutputField);
+  }
+  if (format.description !== undefined) {
+    normalized.description = format.description;
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function normalizeOutputField(field: OutputFieldSpec): OutputFieldSpec {
+  return { name: field.name, type: field.type };
+}
+
+function normalizeCredibilityRule(rule: CredibilityRule): CredibilityRule {
+  return {
+    requireSource: rule.requireSource,
+    minSources: rule.minSources,
+    minConfidence: rule.minConfidence,
+    markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: rule.markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * 序列化一个技能定义为字符串（需求 13.9）。
+ *
+ * 先规范化再 `JSON.stringify`，附带 schema 版本号。规范化保证输出与字段书写顺序、
+ * 可选字段是否显式为 `undefined` 无关，从而使等价的技能定义产生相同的序列化结果。
+ */
+export function serializeSkillDefinition(def: SkillDefinition): string {
+  const payload = {
+    schemaVersion: SKILL_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+    definition: normalizeSkillDefinition(def),
+  };
+  return JSON.stringify(payload);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从字符串反序列化出技能定义（需求 13.9）。
+ *
+ * 解析 JSON 并按技能定义五要素结构重建对象。重建过程同样进行规范化，
+ * 使 `deserialize(serialize(def))` 与 `def` 在语义上等价（往返一致性 / Property 1）。
+ *
+ * 当原始串非法或结构缺失时抛出 `SkillDefinitionCodecError`（防御外部非法输入）。
+ */
+export function deserializeSkillDefinition(raw: string): SkillDefinition {
+  let parsed: unknown;
+  try {
+    parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+  } catch (cause) {
+    throw new SkillDefinitionCodecError(
+      `技能定义反序列化失败：无效的 JSON（${(cause as Error).message}）`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (typeof parsed !== 'object' || parsed === null) {
+    throw new SkillDefinitionCodecError('技能定义反序列化失败：根节点不是对象');
+  }
+
+  const root = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const definition = root.definition;
+  if (typeof definition !== 'object' || definition === null) {
+    throw new SkillDefinitionCodecError(
+      '技能定义反序列化失败：缺少 definition 字段',
+    );
+  }
+
+  return normalizeSkillDefinition(definition as SkillDefinition);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判定两个技能定义是否等价（往返一致性的判定口径，需求 13.9 / Property 1）。
+ *
+ * 等价定义为：规范形态在结构上深度相等。这意味着：
+ * - 字段书写顺序不同但取值相同 ⇒ 等价。
+ * - 可选字段"缺省"与"显式 undefined"视为相同 ⇒ 等价。
+ * - 数组按顺序逐元素比较（输入/输出字段、处理步骤、知识源等为有序集合）。
+ */
+export function skillDefinitionsEquivalent(
+  a: SkillDefinition,
+  b: SkillDefinition,
+): boolean {
+  return (
+    JSON.stringify(normalizeSkillDefinition(a)) ===
+    JSON.stringify(normalizeSkillDefinition(b))
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * 技能定义序列化服务（需求 13.9）。
+ *
+ * 为技能能力中心提供技能定义的序列化与反序列化能力，保障技能定义可安全持久化
+ * 与迁移，且满足序列化往返一致性（需求 13.9 / Property 1）。
+ *
+ * 服务方法委托给同文件中的纯函数实现，便于在不依赖 DI 容器的情况下做属性测试。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SkillDefinitionService {
+  /** 序列化技能定义为字符串（需求 13.9）。 */
+  serialize(def: SkillDefinition): string {
+    return serializeSkillDefinition(def);
+  }
+
+  /** 从字符串反序列化技能定义（需求 13.9）。 */
+  deserialize(raw: string): SkillDefinition {
+    return deserializeSkillDefinition(raw);
+  }
+
+  /** 规范化技能定义（供调用方在比较或持久化前统一形态）。 */
+  normalize(def: SkillDefinition): SkillDefinition {
+    return normalizeSkillDefinition(def);
+  }
+
+  /** 判定两个技能定义是否等价（往返一致性判定口径）。 */
+  equivalent(a: SkillDefinition, b: SkillDefinition): boolean {
+    return skillDefinitionsEquivalent(a, b);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-governance.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-governance.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee51126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-governance.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+import { AuthorizationError, ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  BUILTIN_SKILL_COUNT,
+  BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS,
+  createBuiltinSkillDefinitions,
+} from './builtin-skills';
+import { InMemorySkillCenterRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository';
+import {
+  OutputType,
+  SkillActor,
+  SkillActorRole,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SkillGovernanceAction,
+  SkillInputType,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+import { SkillGovernanceService } from './skill-governance.service';
+
+/**
+ * 技能治理流程与技能库完整性测试（需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 角色限制：仅管理员或导师可配置/启用技能定义（需求 13.6）。
+ * - upsert：新增与修改技能定义，含必填校验与错误路径数据保全。
+ * - enable：启用技能、不存在技能拒绝。
+ * - 审计日志内容：操作者身份、操作时间、变更内容（需求 13.7）。
+ * - 技能库完整性：内置至少 8 个命名技能（需求 13.1）。
+ */
+describe('SkillGovernanceService（技能治理，需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）', () => {
+  let repository: InMemorySkillCenterRepository;
+  let service: SkillGovernanceService;
+
+  const admin: SkillActor = { id: 'admin-1', role: SkillActorRole.Administrator };
+  const mentor: SkillActor = { id: 'mentor-1', role: SkillActorRole.Mentor };
+  const student: SkillActor = { id: 'student-1', role: SkillActorRole.Student };
+
+  /** 构造一个最小但合法的技能定义。 */
+  const makeDefinition = (
+    overrides: Partial<SkillDefinition> = {},
+  ): SkillDefinition => ({
+    id: 'skill.test',
+    name: '测试技能',
+    inputSpec: {
+      fields: [{ name: 'q', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true }],
+    },
+    processingLogic: { description: '处理逻辑' },
+    knowledgeSources: [],
+    outputFormat: { type: OutputType.Text },
+    credibilityRule: {
+      requireSource: false,
+      minSources: 0,
+      minConfidence: 0,
+      markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: false,
+    },
+    enabled: false,
+    ...overrides,
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemorySkillCenterRepository();
+    service = new SkillGovernanceService(repository);
+  });
+
+  describe('角色限制（需求 13.6）', () => {
+    it('管理员可新增技能定义', async () => {
+      const result = await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('导师可新增技能定义', async () => {
+      const result = await service.upsertSkillDefinition(mentor, makeDefinition());
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('学生新增技能定义被拒绝并返回授权错误', async () => {
+      const result = await service.upsertSkillDefinition(student, makeDefinition());
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(AuthorizationError);
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Authorization);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(SkillGovernanceService.CODE_FORBIDDEN);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('学生启用技能被拒绝且不改变技能状态（数据保全）', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+
+      const result = await service.enableSkill(student, 'skill.test');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+
+      const skill = await service.getSkill('skill.test');
+      expect(skill?.enabled).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('学生越权治理不产生技能定义、也不写审计日志（数据保全）', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(student, makeDefinition());
+
+      expect(await service.listSkills()).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(await service.listAuditLogs()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('upsertSkillDefinition（配置）', () => {
+    it('新增技能定义后可在技能库中查到', async () => {
+      const result = await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+
+      const stored = await service.getSkill('skill.test');
+      expect(stored).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(stored?.name).toBe('测试技能');
+    });
+
+    it('修改已存在技能定义会更新内容而非新增记录', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(
+        admin,
+        makeDefinition({ name: '更新后的名称' }),
+      );
+
+      const all = await service.listSkills();
+      expect(all).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(all[0].name).toBe('更新后的名称');
+    });
+
+    it('缺少 id 的技能定义被拒绝且不创建记录（错误路径数据保全）', async () => {
+      const result = await service.upsertSkillDefinition(
+        admin,
+        makeDefinition({ id: '' }),
+      );
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(ValidationError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillGovernanceService.CODE_INVALID_DEFINITION,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('id');
+      }
+      expect(await service.listSkills()).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(await service.listAuditLogs()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('缺少 name 的技能定义被拒绝', async () => {
+      const result = await service.upsertSkillDefinition(
+        admin,
+        makeDefinition({ name: '   ' }),
+      );
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.details?.missingFields).toContain('name');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('enableSkill（启用）', () => {
+    it('启用已配置技能后 enabled 为 true', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+
+      const result = await service.enableSkill(mentor, 'skill.test');
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.enabled).toBe(true);
+      }
+      const stored = await service.getSkill('skill.test');
+      expect(stored?.enabled).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('启用不存在的技能被拒绝并返回校验错误', async () => {
+      const result = await service.enableSkill(admin, 'skill.missing');
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(ValidationError);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillGovernanceService.CODE_SKILL_NOT_FOUND,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('技能在启用前默认不对学生开放（enabled 为 false）', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      const stored = await service.getSkill('skill.test');
+      expect(stored?.enabled).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('审计日志内容（需求 13.7）', () => {
+    it('新增技能记录 Create 审计日志，含操作者身份、时间与变更内容', async () => {
+      const before = Date.now();
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      const after = Date.now();
+
+      const logs = await service.listAuditLogsBySkill('skill.test');
+      expect(logs).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      const [log] = logs;
+      // 操作者身份
+      expect(log.actorId).toBe('admin-1');
+      expect(log.actorRole).toBe(SkillActorRole.Administrator);
+      // 操作时间
+      expect(log.timestamp).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      expect(log.timestamp.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+      expect(log.timestamp.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(after);
+      // 变更内容
+      expect(log.action).toBe(SkillGovernanceAction.Create);
+      expect(log.changes.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const nameChange = log.changes.find((c) => c.field === 'name');
+      expect(nameChange?.before).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(nameChange?.after).toBe('测试技能');
+    });
+
+    it('修改技能记录 Update 审计日志，变更内容含前后值', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(
+        mentor,
+        makeDefinition({ name: '新名称' }),
+      );
+
+      const logs = await service.listAuditLogsBySkill('skill.test');
+      expect(logs).toHaveLength(2);
+
+      const updateLog = logs[1];
+      expect(updateLog.action).toBe(SkillGovernanceAction.Update);
+      expect(updateLog.actorId).toBe('mentor-1');
+      const nameChange = updateLog.changes.find((c) => c.field === 'name');
+      expect(nameChange?.before).toBe('测试技能');
+      expect(nameChange?.after).toBe('新名称');
+    });
+
+    it('启用技能记录 Enable 审计日志，变更内容为 enabled false→true', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, makeDefinition());
+      await service.enableSkill(admin, 'skill.test');
+
+      const logs = await service.listAuditLogsBySkill('skill.test');
+      const enableLog = logs.find(
+        (l) => l.action === SkillGovernanceAction.Enable,
+      );
+      expect(enableLog).toBeDefined();
+      const enabledChange = enableLog?.changes.find(
+        (c) => c.field === 'enabled',
+      );
+      expect(enabledChange?.before).toBe(false);
+      expect(enabledChange?.after).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('越权治理不产生审计日志', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(student, makeDefinition());
+      expect(await service.listAuditLogs()).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('技能库完整性（需求 13.1）', () => {
+    it('初始化后技能库至少包含 8 个技能', async () => {
+      const all = await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      expect(all.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(BUILTIN_SKILL_COUNT);
+    });
+
+    it('内置技能包含 8 个命名技能', async () => {
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      const names = (await service.listSkills()).map((s) => s.name);
+
+      const expectedNames = [
+        '资料查询',
+        '检索式生成',
+        '文献综述',
+        '病例分析',
+        '鉴别诊断辅助',
+        '医患沟通模拟',
+        '医学翻译',
+        '引用生成',
+      ];
+      for (const name of expectedNames) {
+        expect(names).toContain(name);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('内置技能均出厂未启用（须经治理后才对学生开放）', async () => {
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      const all = await service.listSkills();
+      for (const skill of all) {
+        expect(skill.enabled).toBe(false);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('每个内置技能均含五要素结构（需求 13.2）', async () => {
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      const all = await service.listSkills();
+      for (const skill of all) {
+        expect(skill.inputSpec).toBeDefined();
+        expect(skill.processingLogic).toBeDefined();
+        expect(skill.knowledgeSources).toBeDefined();
+        expect(skill.outputFormat).toBeDefined();
+        expect(skill.credibilityRule).toBeDefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('内置技能 id 互不重复', () => {
+      const defs = createBuiltinSkillDefinitions();
+      const ids = defs.map((d) => d.id);
+      expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+    });
+
+    it('seedBuiltinSkills 幂等：重复初始化不产生重复技能', async () => {
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      const all = await service.listSkills();
+      expect(all.length).toBe(createBuiltinSkillDefinitions().length);
+    });
+
+    it('seedBuiltinSkills 不覆盖已存在技能的修改', async () => {
+      await service.upsertSkillDefinition(
+        admin,
+        makeDefinition({
+          id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery,
+          name: '自定义资料查询',
+          enabled: true,
+        }),
+      );
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+
+      const stored = await service.getSkill(BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery);
+      expect(stored?.name).toBe('自定义资料查询');
+      expect(stored?.enabled).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('内置技能定义可被 enable 后对学生开放', async () => {
+      await service.seedBuiltinSkills();
+      const result = await service.enableSkill(
+        admin,
+        BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery,
+      );
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      const stored = await service.getSkill(BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery);
+      expect(stored?.enabled).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-governance.service.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-governance.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008558d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-governance.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AppError, AuthorizationError, ValidationError } from '@common/errors';
+import { Result, err, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  BUILTIN_SKILL_COUNT,
+  createBuiltinSkillDefinitions,
+} from './builtin-skills';
+import {
+  SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY,
+  SkillActor,
+  SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  SkillCenterRepository,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SkillDefinitionChange,
+  SkillGovernanceAction,
+  canGovernSkills,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+import { normalizeSkillDefinition } from './skill-definition.service';
+
+/** 技能定义中参与变更内容比对的顶层字段（需求 13.7：变更内容）。 */
+const SKILL_DEFINITION_FIELDS: readonly (keyof SkillDefinition)[] = [
+  'id',
+  'name',
+  'inputSpec',
+  'processingLogic',
+  'knowledgeSources',
+  'outputFormat',
+  'credibilityRule',
+  'enabled',
+];
+
+/**
+ * 技能治理服务（需求 13.1、13.6、13.7）。
+ *
+ * 职责：
+ * - `upsertSkillDefinition()`：新增或修改技能定义，限定管理员或导师操作（需求 13.6）。
+ * - `enableSkill()`：启用技能定义使其可对学生开放，限定管理员或导师操作（需求 13.6）。
+ * - 为上述治理操作记录审计日志（操作者、时间、变更内容，需求 13.7）。
+ * - `seedBuiltinSkills()`：初始化至少 8 个内置技能定义（需求 13.1）。
+ *
+ * 权限说明：本服务当前使用技能中心内的最小角色抽象（`SkillActor`）做角色判定。
+ * 待合规模块（任务 4.1 / 需求 17）落地后，应改为调用统一的权限判定接口
+ * （`ComplianceModule.checkAccess()`），见 `skill-center.types.ts` 的待办说明。
+ *
+ * 错误模型：沿用统一 `Result<T, E>`，错误类型为 `AppError`，可承载授权错误
+ * （越权治理）与校验错误（技能定义非法/技能不存在）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SkillGovernanceService {
+  /** 越权治理（非管理员或导师）的错误码（需求 13.6）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_FORBIDDEN = 'SKILL_GOVERNANCE.FORBIDDEN';
+  /** 技能定义缺少必填字段（id/name）的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_DEFINITION =
+    'SKILL_GOVERNANCE.INVALID_DEFINITION';
+  /** 启用一个不存在的技能的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_SKILL_NOT_FOUND = 'SKILL_GOVERNANCE.SKILL_NOT_FOUND';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(SKILL_CENTER_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: SkillCenterRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 新增或修改一个技能定义（需求 13.6、13.7）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验操作者具备治理权限（管理员或导师），否则拒绝（需求 13.6）。
+   * 2. 校验技能定义必填字段（id、name），不合法则拒绝且不创建/修改任何记录。
+   * 3. 依据该技能是否已存在判定 Create / Update，并计算变更内容（需求 13.7）。
+   * 4. 持久化技能定义，并记录一条审计日志（操作者、时间、变更内容）。
+   *
+   * @param actor 操作者（须为管理员或导师）。
+   * @param def 待新增或修改的技能定义。
+   */
+  async upsertSkillDefinition(
+    actor: SkillActor,
+    def: SkillDefinition,
+  ): Promise<Result<SkillDefinition, AppError>> {
+    // 1. 权限校验（需求 13.6）。
+    const guard = this.ensureGovernor(actor, 'upsertSkillDefinition');
+    if (guard) {
+      return err(guard);
+    }
+
+    // 2. 技能定义必填字段校验。
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+    if (!def?.id || def.id.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('id');
+    }
+    if (!def?.name || def.name.trim() === '') {
+      missing.push('name');
+    }
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          SkillGovernanceService.CODE_INVALID_DEFINITION,
+          `技能定义缺少必填字段：${missing.join('、')}`,
+          { missingFields: missing },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 判定 Create / Update 并计算变更内容（需求 13.7）。
+    const previous = await this.repository.findDefinition(def.id);
+    const next = normalizeSkillDefinition(def);
+    const action = previous
+      ? SkillGovernanceAction.Update
+      : SkillGovernanceAction.Create;
+    const changes = this.diffDefinition(previous, next);
+
+    // 4. 持久化并记录审计日志。
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveDefinition(next);
+    await this.writeAuditLog(actor, saved.id, action, changes);
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 启用一个技能定义，使其可对学生开放（需求 13.6、13.7）。
+   *
+   * 处理流程：
+   * 1. 校验操作者具备治理权限（管理员或导师），否则拒绝（需求 13.6）。
+   * 2. 校验技能存在，否则拒绝且不创建任何记录。
+   * 3. 将 `enabled` 置为 true 并持久化；若此前已启用则变更内容为空。
+   * 4. 记录一条 Enable 审计日志（操作者、时间、变更内容，需求 13.7）。
+   *
+   * @param actor 操作者（须为管理员或导师）。
+   * @param skillId 待启用技能的标识。
+   */
+  async enableSkill(
+    actor: SkillActor,
+    skillId: string,
+  ): Promise<Result<SkillDefinition, AppError>> {
+    // 1. 权限校验（需求 13.6）。
+    const guard = this.ensureGovernor(actor, 'enableSkill');
+    if (guard) {
+      return err(guard);
+    }
+
+    // 2. 技能存在性校验。
+    const existing = await this.repository.findDefinition(skillId);
+    if (!existing) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          SkillGovernanceService.CODE_SKILL_NOT_FOUND,
+          `技能不存在：${skillId}`,
+          { skillId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 置为启用并持久化。
+    const wasEnabled = existing.enabled;
+    const next = normalizeSkillDefinition({ ...existing, enabled: true });
+    const saved = await this.repository.saveDefinition(next);
+
+    // 4. 记录 Enable 审计日志（需求 13.7）。
+    const changes: SkillDefinitionChange[] = wasEnabled
+      ? []
+      : [{ field: 'enabled', before: false, after: true }];
+    await this.writeAuditLog(
+      actor,
+      saved.id,
+      SkillGovernanceAction.Enable,
+      changes,
+    );
+    return ok(saved);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 初始化内置技能定义（需求 13.1）。
+   *
+   * 幂等：已存在的技能不会被覆盖，仅补齐缺失的内置技能。内置技能以 `enabled: false`
+   * 出厂，须经管理员或导师启用后方可对学生开放（需求 13.6），故种子操作本身不记审计
+   * （它不是管理员/导师发起的治理操作；后续的配置与启用才记审计）。
+   *
+   * @returns 当前技能库中全部技能定义。
+   */
+  async seedBuiltinSkills(): Promise<SkillDefinition[]> {
+    for (const def of createBuiltinSkillDefinitions()) {
+      const existing = await this.repository.findDefinition(def.id);
+      if (!existing) {
+        await this.repository.saveDefinition(normalizeSkillDefinition(def));
+      }
+    }
+    return this.repository.listDefinitions();
+  }
+
+  /** 列出技能库中全部技能定义（需求 13.1）。 */
+  async listSkills(): Promise<SkillDefinition[]> {
+    return this.repository.listDefinitions();
+  }
+
+  /** 按 id 获取技能定义，不存在返回 null。 */
+  async getSkill(skillId: string): Promise<SkillDefinition | null> {
+    return this.repository.findDefinition(skillId);
+  }
+
+  /** 列出全部技能治理审计日志（需求 13.7）。 */
+  async listAuditLogs(): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAuditLogs();
+  }
+
+  /** 列出指定技能的治理审计日志（需求 13.7）。 */
+  async listAuditLogsBySkill(skillId: string): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry[]> {
+    return this.repository.listAuditLogsBySkill(skillId);
+  }
+
+  /** 内置技能应至少包含的数量（需求 13.1）。 */
+  static readonly BUILTIN_SKILL_COUNT = BUILTIN_SKILL_COUNT;
+
+  /**
+   * 治理权限守卫（需求 13.6）：仅管理员或导师可治理技能定义。
+   *
+   * 通过返回授权错误而非抛出，保持错误路径显式且不产生副作用。
+   */
+  private ensureGovernor(
+    actor: SkillActor,
+    operation: string,
+  ): AuthorizationError | null {
+    if (!actor || !canGovernSkills(actor.role)) {
+      return new AuthorizationError(
+        SkillGovernanceService.CODE_FORBIDDEN,
+        '仅管理员或导师可配置或启用技能定义',
+        {
+          operation,
+          actorId: actor?.id,
+          actorRole: actor?.role,
+        },
+      );
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 计算技能定义的变更内容（需求 13.7）。
+   *
+   * 逐顶层字段比较规范化后的前后值（深度相等以 JSON 序列化判定）。
+   * - 新增（`previous` 为 null）：所有非空字段记为变更，`before` 为 undefined。
+   * - 修改：仅记录发生变化的字段。
+   */
+  private diffDefinition(
+    previous: SkillDefinition | null,
+    next: SkillDefinition,
+  ): SkillDefinitionChange[] {
+    const changes: SkillDefinitionChange[] = [];
+    for (const field of SKILL_DEFINITION_FIELDS) {
+      const after = next[field];
+      const before = previous ? previous[field] : undefined;
+      if (JSON.stringify(before) !== JSON.stringify(after)) {
+        changes.push({
+          field,
+          ...(before !== undefined ? { before } : {}),
+          after,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    return changes;
+  }
+
+  /** 追加一条技能治理审计日志（需求 13.7：操作者、时间、变更内容）。 */
+  private async writeAuditLog(
+    actor: SkillActor,
+    skillId: string,
+    action: SkillGovernanceAction,
+    changes: SkillDefinitionChange[],
+  ): Promise<SkillAuditLogEntry> {
+    return this.repository.appendAuditLog({
+      id: randomUUID(),
+      skillId,
+      actorId: actor.id,
+      actorRole: actor.role,
+      action,
+      timestamp: new Date(),
+      changes,
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d73ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+import { MockAIGateway } from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import { ErrorKind } from '@common/errors';
+import { isErr, isOk } from '@common/result';
+
+import {
+  CompetencyMappingService,
+  CompetencyTagService,
+  InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository,
+} from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS } from './builtin-skills';
+import { DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker } from './knowledge-source-availability';
+import { InMemorySkillCenterRepository } from './repositories/in-memory-skill-center.repository';
+import { SkillGovernanceService } from './skill-governance.service';
+import { SkillInvocationService } from './skill-invocation.service';
+import { resolveSkillCompetencyTags } from './skill-competency-tags';
+import {
+  CredibilityRule,
+  KnowledgeSourceType,
+  OutputType,
+  SkillActor,
+  SkillActorRole,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SkillInputType,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/**
+ * 技能调用与失败处理测试（需求 13.3、13.4、13.5、13.8）。
+ *
+ * 覆盖：
+ * - 正常路径：输入符合规格 → 30 秒内按输出格式返回结果 + 可信度标注（需求 13.3），
+ *   并将使用数据映射到能力图谱（需求 13.8）。
+ * - 错误路径：技能不存在 / 未启用、输入不符规格（缺字段、类型、超长、枚举）（需求 13.4）；
+ *   必需知识源不可用、AI 处理失败、AI 处理超时（需求 13.5）。
+ * - 失败路径不返回结果与可信度标注，且不写入能力图谱（需求 13.5、13.8 反向保证）。
+ */
+describe('SkillInvocationService（技能调用与失败处理，需求 13.3、13.4、13.5、13.8）', () => {
+  let skillRepo: InMemorySkillCenterRepository;
+  let governance: SkillGovernanceService;
+  let gateway: MockAIGateway;
+  let availability: DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker;
+  let graphRepo: InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository;
+  let tagService: CompetencyTagService;
+  let mapping: CompetencyMappingService;
+  let service: SkillInvocationService;
+
+  const admin: SkillActor = {
+    id: 'admin-1',
+    role: SkillActorRole.Administrator,
+  };
+  const studentId = 'stu-001';
+
+  const defaultRule: CredibilityRule = {
+    requireSource: true,
+    minSources: 1,
+    minConfidence: 60,
+    markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable: true,
+  };
+
+  /** 构造一个合法技能定义（默认带一个必需知识源 + 文本输入 + 文本输出）。 */
+  const makeSkill = (
+    overrides: Partial<SkillDefinition> = {},
+  ): SkillDefinition => ({
+    id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.ResearchQuery,
+    name: '资料查询',
+    inputSpec: {
+      fields: [
+        { name: 'question', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true, maxLength: 100 },
+      ],
+    },
+    processingLogic: { description: '检索权威资料来源' },
+    knowledgeSources: [
+      { sourceId: 'pubmed', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: true },
+    ],
+    outputFormat: { type: OutputType.Text },
+    credibilityRule: defaultRule,
+    enabled: true,
+    ...overrides,
+  });
+
+  /** 配置并启用一个技能，返回其 id。 */
+  const seedEnabledSkill = async (
+    overrides: Partial<SkillDefinition> = {},
+  ): Promise<string> => {
+    const def = makeSkill({ enabled: false, ...overrides });
+    await governance.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, def);
+    await governance.enableSkill(admin, def.id);
+    return def.id;
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    skillRepo = new InMemorySkillCenterRepository();
+    governance = new SkillGovernanceService(skillRepo);
+
+    gateway = new MockAIGateway();
+    availability = new DefaultKnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker();
+
+    graphRepo = new InMemoryCompetencyGraphRepository();
+    tagService = new CompetencyTagService(graphRepo);
+    mapping = new CompetencyMappingService(graphRepo);
+    await tagService.seedDefaultTaxonomy();
+
+    service = new SkillInvocationService(
+      governance,
+      gateway,
+      availability,
+      mapping,
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('正常路径（需求 13.3、13.8）', () => {
+    it('输入符合规格时返回结果、附带可信度标注并记录耗时（30 秒内）', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: '糖尿病的一线治疗',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.skillId).toBe(skillId);
+        expect(result.value.outputType).toBe(OutputType.Text);
+        expect(result.value.content).toContain('糖尿病');
+        // 附带可信度标注（需求 13.3）。
+        expect(result.value.annotation.sources.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+        expect(result.value.annotation.confidence).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+        expect(result.value.annotation.verified).toBe(true);
+        // 30 秒预算内（需求 13.3）。
+        expect(result.value.elapsedMs).toBeLessThan(30_000);
+        expect(result.value.invokedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('成功调用完成后将使用数据按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 13.8）', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+
+      await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, { question: '测试' });
+
+      const mappings = await mapping.listMappings(studentId);
+      expect(mappings).toHaveLength(1);
+      // 标签与技能映射表一致，且均为已定义标签。
+      expect(mappings[0].tagIds).toEqual(resolveSkillCompetencyTags(skillId));
+      expect(mappings[0].metadata?.skillId).toBe(skillId);
+    });
+
+    it('Json 输出格式返回结构化 data 字段', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill({
+        id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.SearchQueryGeneration,
+        name: '检索式生成',
+        outputFormat: { type: OutputType.Json },
+        knowledgeSources: [
+          { sourceId: 'mesh', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative, required: true },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: 'PICO 检索',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.outputType).toBe(OutputType.Json);
+        expect(result.value.data).toBeDefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('无必需知识源的技能可成功调用', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill({
+        id: BUILTIN_SKILL_IDS.MedicalTranslation,
+        name: '医学翻译',
+        inputSpec: {
+          fields: [{ name: 'text', type: SkillInputType.Text, required: true }],
+        },
+        knowledgeSources: [
+          {
+            sourceId: 'medical-terminology',
+            type: KnowledgeSourceType.Authoritative,
+            required: false,
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        text: 'hello',
+      });
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：技能不存在 / 未启用（需求 13.4、13.6）', () => {
+    it('调用不存在技能被拒绝且不写入能力图谱', async () => {
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, 'skill.missing', {
+        question: 'x',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Validation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_SKILL_NOT_FOUND,
+        );
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('调用未启用技能被拒绝且不写入能力图谱', async () => {
+      const def = makeSkill({ enabled: false });
+      await governance.upsertSkillDefinition(admin, def);
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, def.id, {
+        question: 'x',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_SKILL_DISABLED,
+        );
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：输入不符规格（需求 13.4）', () => {
+    it('缺少必填字段被拒绝并提示输入问题', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {});
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_INVALID_INPUT,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.message).toContain('question');
+        expect(
+          (result.error.details?.problems as string[]).some((p) =>
+            p.includes('question'),
+          ),
+        ).toBe(true);
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('字段类型不符被拒绝（数值字段传字符串）', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill({
+        inputSpec: {
+          fields: [{ name: 'count', type: SkillInputType.Number, required: true }],
+        },
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        count: 'not-a-number',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_INVALID_INPUT,
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('字符串超过 maxLength 被拒绝', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: 'a'.repeat(101),
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_INVALID_INPUT,
+        );
+        expect(result.error.message).toContain('长度');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('枚举字段取值越界被拒绝', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill({
+        inputSpec: {
+          fields: [
+            {
+              name: 'lang',
+              type: SkillInputType.Enum,
+              required: true,
+              allowedValues: ['zh', 'en'],
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      });
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        lang: 'fr',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_INVALID_INPUT,
+        );
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('输入校验失败时不调用 AI 网关（提前短路）', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(gateway, 'generate');
+
+      await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {});
+
+      expect(spy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：知识源不可用（需求 13.5）', () => {
+    it('必需知识源不可用时终止调用、不返回结果与标注、不写入能力图谱', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+      availability.setUnavailable('pubmed');
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: '测试',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.System);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_SOURCE_UNAVAILABLE,
+        );
+        // 不返回结果与可信度标注：错误分支无 value。
+        expect('value' in result).toBe(false);
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('仅可选知识源不可用时不影响调用成功', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill({
+        knowledgeSources: [
+          { sourceId: 'pubmed', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: true },
+          { sourceId: 'cnki', type: KnowledgeSourceType.Reference, required: false },
+        ],
+      });
+      availability.setUnavailable('cnki');
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: '测试',
+      });
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('知识源不可用时不调用 AI 网关（提前短路）', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+      availability.setUnavailable('pubmed');
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(gateway, 'generate');
+
+      await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, { question: '测试' });
+
+      expect(spy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('错误路径：AI 处理失败 / 超时（需求 13.5、13.3）', () => {
+    it('AI 处理失败时终止调用、不返回结果与标注、不写入能力图谱', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+      gateway.setBehavior('fail');
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: '测试',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+        expect(result.error.code).toBe(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_PROCESSING_FAILED,
+        );
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('AI 处理超时（网关抛出超时）时终止调用、不写入能力图谱', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+      gateway.setBehavior('timeout');
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: '测试',
+      });
+
+      expect(isErr(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isErr(result)) {
+        expect(result.error.kind).toBe(ErrorKind.Generation);
+      }
+      expect(await mapping.listMappings(studentId)).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('可信度标注规则（需求 13.3，呼应需求 16.4）', () => {
+    it('生成结果无法溯源且规则要求时标注为未经核验（verified=false）', async () => {
+      const skillId = await seedEnabledSkill();
+      gateway.setBehavior('unverified');
+
+      const result = await service.invokeSkill(studentId, skillId, {
+        question: '测试',
+      });
+
+      expect(isOk(result)).toBe(true);
+      if (isOk(result)) {
+        expect(result.value.annotation.verified).toBe(false);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service.ts b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76aa62b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-center/skill-invocation.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import {
+  AI_GATEWAY,
+  AIGateway,
+  AIGenerationRequest,
+  AIGenerationResult,
+  CredibilityAnnotation,
+  SourceRef,
+} from '@infra/ai-gateway';
+import {
+  AppError,
+  GenerationError,
+  SystemError,
+  ValidationError,
+} from '@common/errors';
+import { Result, err, isErr, ok } from '@common/result';
+
+import { CompetencyMappingService } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+import { ModuleSource } from '@modules/competency-graph';
+
+import { resolveSkillCompetencyTags } from './skill-competency-tags';
+import { SkillGovernanceService } from './skill-governance.service';
+import {
+  CredibilityRule,
+  InputFieldSpec,
+  KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY,
+  KnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker,
+  OutputType,
+  SKILL_INVOCATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  SkillInput,
+  SkillInputType,
+  SkillOutput,
+} from './skill-center.types';
+
+/** 内部信号：用于区分预算超时与一般处理失败。 */
+class SkillInvocationTimeoutSignal extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * 技能调用服务（需求 13.3、13.4、13.5、13.8）。
+ *
+ * 职责：以统一框架调用一个已启用技能：
+ * 1. 校验技能存在且已启用（需求 13.6 的开放前置；不满足则拒绝）。
+ * 2. 校验调用输入符合该技能 `inputSpec`（必填、类型、最大长度、枚举取值）；
+ *    不符则拒绝并返回指明输入问题的提示（需求 13.4）。
+ * 3. 校验绑定知识源可用：任一**必需**知识源不可用则终止调用、不返回结果与可信度标注
+ *    （需求 13.5）。
+ * 4. 经 AI 网关在 30 秒预算内生成结果（需求 13.3）；生成失败或超时则终止调用、
+ *    不返回结果与可信度标注（需求 13.5）。
+ * 5. 成功时按 `outputFormat` 返回结果并附带符合 `credibilityRule` 的可信度标注
+ *    （需求 13.3）。
+ * 6. **仅在成功调用完成后**，将本次调用使用数据按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 13.8）；
+ *    任何失败路径都不写入能力图谱（数据保全）。
+ *
+ * 错误模型：沿用统一 `Result<T, E>`，错误为 `AppError`：
+ * - 输入不符规格 / 技能不存在或未启用 → `ValidationError`（需求 13.4）。
+ * - 必需知识源不可用 → `SystemError`（需求 13.5）。
+ * - AI 处理失败或超时 → `GenerationError`（需求 13.5、13.3）。
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SkillInvocationService {
+  /** 调用不存在技能的错误码。 */
+  static readonly CODE_SKILL_NOT_FOUND = 'SKILL_INVOCATION.SKILL_NOT_FOUND';
+  /** 调用未启用技能的错误码（需求 13.6：开放前须启用）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_SKILL_DISABLED = 'SKILL_INVOCATION.SKILL_DISABLED';
+  /** 输入不符合输入规格的错误码（需求 13.4）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_INVALID_INPUT = 'SKILL_INVOCATION.INVALID_INPUT';
+  /** 绑定知识源不可用的错误码（需求 13.5）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_SOURCE_UNAVAILABLE =
+    'SKILL_INVOCATION.SOURCE_UNAVAILABLE';
+  /** AI 处理失败的错误码（需求 13.5）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_PROCESSING_FAILED =
+    'SKILL_INVOCATION.PROCESSING_FAILED';
+  /** AI 处理超出 30 秒预算的错误码（需求 13.3）。 */
+  static readonly CODE_TIMEOUT = 'SKILL_INVOCATION.TIMEOUT';
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly governance: SkillGovernanceService,
+    @Inject(AI_GATEWAY) private readonly aiGateway: AIGateway,
+    @Inject(KNOWLEDGE_SOURCE_AVAILABILITY)
+    private readonly availability: KnowledgeSourceAvailabilityChecker,
+    private readonly competencyMapping: CompetencyMappingService,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * 调用一个已启用技能（需求 13.3、13.4、13.5、13.8）。
+   *
+   * 处理顺序见类文档。任一前置校验或处理失败都在写入能力图谱之前短路返回，
+   * 因此失败路径不会产生能力图谱记录（需求 13.8 的反向保证）。
+   *
+   * @param studentId 调用技能的学生标识。
+   * @param skillId 目标技能标识。
+   * @param input 学生提交的调用输入（按字段名取值）。
+   */
+  async invokeSkill(
+    studentId: string,
+    skillId: string,
+    input: SkillInput,
+  ): Promise<Result<SkillOutput, AppError>> {
+    const startedAt = Date.now();
+
+    // 1. 技能存在性与启用状态校验（需求 13.6）。
+    const skill = await this.governance.getSkill(skillId);
+    if (!skill) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_SKILL_NOT_FOUND,
+          `技能不存在：${skillId}`,
+          { skillId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    if (!skill.enabled) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_SKILL_DISABLED,
+          `技能尚未启用，暂不可调用：${skillId}`,
+          { skillId },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 2. 输入规格校验（需求 13.4）。
+    const inputProblems = this.validateInput(skill, input ?? {});
+    if (inputProblems.length > 0) {
+      return err(
+        new ValidationError(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_INVALID_INPUT,
+          `输入不符合该技能的输入规格：${inputProblems.join('；')}`,
+          { skillId, problems: inputProblems },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. 绑定知识源可用性校验（需求 13.5）。
+    const unavailable = await this.findUnavailableRequiredSource(skill);
+    if (unavailable) {
+      return err(
+        new SystemError(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_SOURCE_UNAVAILABLE,
+          `技能绑定的知识源不可用，调用已终止：${unavailable}`,
+          { skillId, sourceId: unavailable },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 4. 经 AI 网关在 30 秒预算内生成（需求 13.3、13.5）。
+    const generation = await this.generateWithBudget(
+      this.buildRequest(skill, input ?? {}),
+    );
+    if (isErr(generation)) {
+      // 处理失败或超时：终止调用、不返回结果与可信度标注（需求 13.5）。
+      return generation;
+    }
+
+    // 5. 按输出格式组织结果并附符合可信度规则的标注（需求 13.3）。
+    const annotation = this.applyCredibilityRule(
+      generation.value.annotation,
+      skill.credibilityRule,
+    );
+    const output = this.formatOutput(
+      skill,
+      generation.value,
+      annotation,
+      Date.now() - startedAt,
+    );
+
+    // 6. 仅成功调用完成才写入能力图谱（需求 13.8）。
+    await this.mapUsageToCompetencyGraph(studentId, skill, annotation);
+
+    return ok(output);
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 输入规格校验（需求 13.4）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 依据技能 `inputSpec` 校验调用输入，返回全部问题描述（为空表示通过）。
+   *
+   * 校验项：必填字段缺失、类型不符、字符串/文本超长、枚举取值越界。
+   */
+  private validateInput(skill: SkillDefinition, input: SkillInput): string[] {
+    const problems: string[] = [];
+    for (const field of skill.inputSpec.fields) {
+      const value = input[field.name];
+      const present = value !== undefined && value !== null && value !== '';
+
+      if (!present) {
+        if (field.required) {
+          problems.push(`缺少必填字段「${field.name}」`);
+        }
+        // 非必填且未提供：跳过其余校验。
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      problems.push(...this.validateFieldValue(field, value));
+    }
+    return problems;
+  }
+
+  /** 校验单个已提供字段的类型与取值约束。 */
+  private validateFieldValue(
+    field: InputFieldSpec,
+    value: unknown,
+  ): string[] {
+    const problems: string[] = [];
+    switch (field.type) {
+      case SkillInputType.String:
+      case SkillInputType.Text: {
+        if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+          problems.push(`字段「${field.name}」应为字符串`);
+          break;
+        }
+        if (
+          typeof field.maxLength === 'number' &&
+          value.length > field.maxLength
+        ) {
+          problems.push(
+            `字段「${field.name}」长度超过上限 ${field.maxLength}`,
+          );
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case SkillInputType.Number: {
+        if (typeof value !== 'number' || Number.isNaN(value)) {
+          problems.push(`字段「${field.name}」应为数值`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case SkillInputType.Boolean: {
+        if (typeof value !== 'boolean') {
+          problems.push(`字段「${field.name}」应为布尔值`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case SkillInputType.Enum: {
+        const allowed = field.allowedValues ?? [];
+        if (typeof value !== 'string' || !allowed.includes(value)) {
+          problems.push(
+            `字段「${field.name}」取值须为：${allowed.join('、')}`,
+          );
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        problems.push(`字段「${field.name}」类型不受支持`);
+      }
+    }
+    return problems;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 知识源可用性（需求 13.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 查找技能中第一个不可用的**必需**知识源。
+   *
+   * @returns 不可用的必需知识源 id；全部可用（或无必需知识源）时返回 null。
+   */
+  private async findUnavailableRequiredSource(
+    skill: SkillDefinition,
+  ): Promise<string | null> {
+    for (const binding of skill.knowledgeSources) {
+      if (!binding.required) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const available = await this.availability.isAvailable(binding);
+      if (!available) {
+        return binding.sourceId;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // AI 处理（需求 13.3、13.5）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** 由技能定义与输入构造 AI 生成请求（绑定知识源作为来源参与溯源）。 */
+  private buildRequest(
+    skill: SkillDefinition,
+    input: SkillInput,
+  ): AIGenerationRequest {
+    const sources: SourceRef[] = skill.knowledgeSources.map((binding) => ({
+      id: binding.sourceId,
+      title: binding.sourceId,
+    }));
+    return {
+      prompt: `${skill.processingLogic.description}\n输入：${JSON.stringify(
+        input,
+      )}`,
+      sources,
+      timeoutMs: SKILL_INVOCATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      context: { skillId: skill.id },
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 在 30 秒预算内调用 AI 网关（需求 13.3）。
+   *
+   * 网关抛错（处理失败/超时）映射为 `GenerationError`，从而终止调用；
+   * 若网关在预算内未返回（极端挂起），由超时竞速终止并返回超时错误。
+   */
+  private async generateWithBudget(
+    request: AIGenerationRequest,
+  ): Promise<Result<AIGenerationResult, GenerationError>> {
+    const budgetMs = request.timeoutMs ?? SKILL_INVOCATION_TIMEOUT_MS;
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(
+          () => reject(new SkillInvocationTimeoutSignal()),
+          budgetMs,
+        );
+      });
+      const result = await Promise.race([
+        this.aiGateway.generate(request),
+        timeout,
+      ]);
+      return ok(result);
+    } catch (cause) {
+      if (cause instanceof SkillInvocationTimeoutSignal) {
+        return err(GenerationError.timedOut(budgetMs));
+      }
+      return err(
+        new GenerationError(
+          SkillInvocationService.CODE_PROCESSING_FAILED,
+          '技能调用处理失败，已终止本次调用',
+          { reason: (cause as Error)?.message },
+        ),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      if (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 输出与可信度标注（需求 13.3）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 依据技能可信度标注规则规整标注（需求 13.3，呼应需求 16.4）。
+   *
+   * - 可溯源判定：来源数量满足 `max(minSources, requireSource?1:0)` 且置信度不低于
+   *   `minConfidence`。
+   * - 不可溯源且 `markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable` 为真时，标注 `verified=false`
+   *   （即"未经核验"）。
+   * - 返回的标注的 `verified` 始终与规则一致：可溯源 ⟹ 沿用生成结果的核验状态，
+   *   不可溯源 ⟹ 视规则标记为未核验。
+   */
+  private applyCredibilityRule(
+    annotation: CredibilityAnnotation,
+    rule: CredibilityRule,
+  ): CredibilityAnnotation {
+    const requiredSourceCount = Math.max(
+      rule.minSources,
+      rule.requireSource ? 1 : 0,
+    );
+    const hasEnoughSources =
+      annotation.sources.length >= requiredSourceCount;
+    const meetsConfidence = annotation.confidence >= rule.minConfidence;
+    const traceable = hasEnoughSources && meetsConfidence;
+
+    let verified = annotation.verified && traceable;
+    if (!traceable && rule.markUnverifiedWhenUntraceable) {
+      verified = false;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      sources: annotation.sources.map((s) => ({ ...s })),
+      confidence: annotation.confidence,
+      verified,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** 按技能 `outputFormat` 将生成内容组织为 `SkillOutput`（需求 13.3）。 */
+  private formatOutput(
+    skill: SkillDefinition,
+    generation: AIGenerationResult,
+    annotation: CredibilityAnnotation,
+    elapsedMs: number,
+  ): SkillOutput {
+    const outputType = skill.outputFormat.type;
+    const base: SkillOutput = {
+      skillId: skill.id,
+      outputType,
+      content: generation.content,
+      annotation,
+      invokedAt: new Date(),
+      elapsedMs,
+    };
+
+    if (outputType === OutputType.Json || outputType === OutputType.Structured) {
+      base.data = this.toStructuredData(generation.content);
+    }
+    return base;
+  }
+
+  /** 将文本内容尽力解析为结构化对象；无法解析时以 `content` 字段包裹。 */
+  private toStructuredData(content: string): Record<string, unknown> {
+    try {
+      const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(content);
+      if (parsed && typeof parsed === 'object' && !Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+        return parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+      }
+      return { value: parsed };
+    } catch {
+      return { content };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 能力图谱写入（需求 13.8）
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * 将一次成功调用的使用数据按能力标签映射到能力图谱（需求 13.8）。
+   *
+   * 仅在成功路径调用。技能的能力标签由 `resolveSkillCompetencyTags` 给出（均为
+   * 已定义标签）；未登记映射的技能不写入能力图谱（无标签可映射）。
+   * 映射失败不回滚已成功的调用结果——调用本身已成功完成（需求 13.3），
+   * 此处对映射失败作降级处理。
+   */
+  private async mapUsageToCompetencyGraph(
+    studentId: string,
+    skill: SkillDefinition,
+    annotation: CredibilityAnnotation,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const tagIds = resolveSkillCompetencyTags(skill.id);
+    if (tagIds.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await this.competencyMapping.mapData(
+      ModuleSource.ResearchQuerySkill,
+      {
+        studentId,
+        referenceId: randomUUID(),
+        score: annotation.confidence,
+        metadata: { skillId: skill.id, verified: annotation.verified },
+      },
+      tagIds,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-video/index.ts b/src/modules/skill-video/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb12d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-video/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { SkillVideoModule } from './skill-video.module';
+export { SkillVideoService } from './skill-video.service';
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.controller.ts b/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff962f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { Controller, Get, Query } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { AuthenticatedUser, CurrentUser, Role, Roles } from '@modules/auth';
+
+import { SkillVideoService } from './skill-video.service';
+
+@Controller('api/skill-videos')
+@Roles(Role.Student)
+export class SkillVideoController {
+  constructor(private readonly service: SkillVideoService) {}
+
+  @Get()
+  search(
+    @CurrentUser() user: AuthenticatedUser,
+    @Query('query') query?: string,
+    @Query('category') category?: string,
+  ) {
+    return this.service.search(user.id, query, category);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.module.ts b/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3845564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { SkillVideoController } from './skill-video.controller';
+import { SkillVideoService } from './skill-video.service';
+
+@Module({
+  providers: [SkillVideoService],
+  controllers: [SkillVideoController],
+  exports: [SkillVideoService],
+})
+export class SkillVideoModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.service.ts b/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01efbc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/skill-video/skill-video.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+export interface SkillVideo {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  category: string;
+  description?: string;
+  duration?: string;
+  myScore?: number;
+  noteCount?: number;
+  favorite?: boolean;
+}
+
+const DEMO_VIDEOS: SkillVideo[] = [
+  { id: '1', title: '清创缝合标准操作', category: 'suture', description: '演示手部创伤的清创与间断缝合完整流程。', duration: '12:30', myScore: 85, noteCount: 3, favorite: true },
+  { id: '2', title: '导尿管置入技术', category: 'catheter', description: '无菌导尿术的标准步骤与常见问题处理。', duration: '8:45', myScore: 72, noteCount: 1, favorite: false },
+  { id: '3', title: '静脉穿刺技巧', category: 'venipuncture', description: '成人静脉留置针穿刺的进针角度与固定方法。', duration: '10:15', myScore: 90, noteCount: 5, favorite: true },
+  { id: '4', title: '气管插管操作规范', category: 'intubation', description: '经口明视气管插管的标准流程与注意事项。', duration: '15:20', noteCount: 0, favorite: false },
+  { id: '5', title: '心肺复苏 CPR', category: 'cpr', description: '2020 国际心肺复苏指南标准操作流程。', duration: '9:00', myScore: 95, noteCount: 2, favorite: true },
+  { id: '6', title: '腹部体格检查', category: 'physical-exam', description: '视触叩听四步法的规范操作与阳性体征识别。', duration: '18:10', noteCount: 0, favorite: false },
+];
+
+@Injectable()
+export class SkillVideoService {
+  search(_studentId: string, query?: string, category?: string): SkillVideo[] {
+    let results = [...DEMO_VIDEOS];
+    if (category) {
+      results = results.filter((v) => v.category === category);
+    }
+    if (query) {
+      const q = query.toLowerCase();
+      results = results.filter(
+        (v) =>
+          v.title.toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
+          (v.description?.toLowerCase().includes(q) ?? false),
+      );
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tsconfig.build.json b/tsconfig.build.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc01185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsconfig.build.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "test", "dist", "**/*.spec.ts"]
+}
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a978e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "declaration": true,
+    "removeComments": true,
+    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
+    "experimentalDecorators": true,
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "target": "ES2021",
+    "sourceMap": true,
+    "outDir": "./dist",
+    "baseUrl": "./",
+    "incremental": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "strictNullChecks": true,
+    "noImplicitAny": true,
+    "strictBindCallApply": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "paths": {
+      "@common/*": ["src/common/*"],
+      "@infra/*": ["src/infra/*"],
+      "@modules/*": ["src/modules/*"]
+    }
+  },
+  "include": ["src/**/*"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
+}
diff --git a/web/.env.example b/web/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c621d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# NestJS 后端地址（开发环境）。/api/* 会被代理到这里，避免浏览器跨域。
+BACKEND_URL=http://localhost:3000
diff --git a/web/.gitignore b/web/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938971c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# dependencies
+/node_modules
+/.pnp
+.pnp.js
+
+# next.js
+/.next/
+/out/
+
+# production
+/build
+
+# misc
+.DS_Store
+*.pem
+
+# debug
+npm-debug.log*
+yarn-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
+
+# local env files
+.env*.local
+
+# typescript
+*.tsbuildinfo
+next-env.d.ts
diff --git a/web/README.md b/web/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83fb66c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# 医科高校 AI 学习中心 — Web 前端（新版）
+
+参考 `GovAi/apps/web` 的现代化技术栈重建的前端，与原 `frontend/` 并存（原前端保留不动）。
+
+## 技术栈
+
+- **Next.js 15** App Router + **React 19**
+- **Tailwind CSS v4**（oklch 主题变量，医学青蓝配色，支持暗色模式）
+- **shadcn 风格 UI 组件**（自实现，零额外 Radix 依赖）
+- **Zustand** 管理认证状态（替代旧版 React Context）
+- **TanStack Query** 处理数据请求与缓存
+- **sonner** 全局 Toast，**lucide-react** 图标
+
+## 与后端的契约
+
+完全沿用原前端的后端契约，无需改动 NestJS：
+
+- 所有请求走 `/api/*`，由 `next.config.mjs` 的 `rewrites` 代理到 `BACKEND_URL`（默认 `http://localhost:3000`）。
+- 令牌存于 `localStorage`（键 `cac.token`），自动附加 `Authorization: Bearer <token>`。
+- 错误解析后端统一错误体（`AppError.toJSON()`）。
+
+## 功能模块
+
+- **登录 / 注册**：支持三角色注册与内置测试账户一键登录。
+- **学生端**：学习空间、能力画像、职业规划、课程对练、临床对话对练、研究资料查询、AI 协同训练。
+- **导师端**：题目审核、成果点评、带教学生画像。
+- **管理端**：技能治理、权限与合规。
+
+## 开发
+
+```bash
+cp .env.example .env.local   # 按需修改 BACKEND_URL
+npm install
+npm run dev                  # 默认 http://localhost:4100
+```
+
+> 注：原前端 `frontend/` 默认运行于 `:4000`，本前端使用 `:4100`，可同时运行对比。
diff --git a/web/components.json b/web/components.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f341e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/components.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "style": "new-york",
+  "rsc": true,
+  "tsx": true,
+  "tailwind": {
+    "config": "",
+    "css": "src/app/globals.css",
+    "baseColor": "slate",
+    "cssVariables": true,
+    "prefix": ""
+  },
+  "iconLibrary": "lucide",
+  "aliases": {
+    "components": "@/components",
+    "utils": "@/lib/utils",
+    "ui": "@/components/ui",
+    "lib": "@/lib",
+    "hooks": "@/hooks"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/next.config.mjs b/web/next.config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00b5bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/next.config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */
+const nextConfig = {
+  reactStrictMode: true,
+  // 工作区存在多个 lockfile，显式指定本应用为文件追踪根，避免 Next 推断到上层目录。
+  outputFileTracingRoot: import.meta.dirname,
+  // 将 /api/* 代理到 NestJS 后端，避免浏览器跨域并统一前端调用路径。
+  async rewrites() {
+    const backend = process.env.BACKEND_URL ?? 'http://localhost:3000';
+    return [
+      {
+        source: '/api/:path*',
+        destination: `${backend}/api/:path*`,
+      },
+    ];
+  },
+};
+
+export default nextConfig;
diff --git a/web/package-lock.json b/web/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c44c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6379 @@
+{
+  "name": "college-ai-center-web",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "college-ai-center-web",
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.100.9",
+        "class-variance-authority": "^0.7.1",
+        "clsx": "^2.1.1",
+        "date-fns": "^4.1.0",
+        "lucide-react": "^0.469.0",
+        "next": "^15.5.19",
+        "next-themes": "^0.4.6",
+        "react": "19.0.0",
+        "react-dom": "19.0.0",
+        "sonner": "^2.0.7",
+        "tailwind-merge": "^3.5.0",
+        "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0",
+        "zustand": "^5.0.13"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4",
+        "@types/node": "^20",
+        "@types/react": "^19",
+        "@types/react-dom": "^19",
+        "eslint-config-next": "^15.5.19",
+        "tailwindcss": "^4",
+        "typescript": "^5"
+      }
+    },
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
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+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
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+    "node_modules/which-collection": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/which-collection/-/which-collection-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-K4jVyjnBdgvc86Y6BkaLZEN933SwYOuBFkdmBu9ZfkcAbdVbpITnDmjvZ/aQjRXQrv5EPkTnD1s39GiiqbngCw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-map": "^2.0.3",
+        "is-set": "^2.0.3",
+        "is-weakmap": "^2.0.2",
+        "is-weakset": "^2.0.3"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.4"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/which-typed-array": {
+      "version": "1.1.21",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/which-typed-array/-/which-typed-array-1.1.21.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zbRA8cVm6io/d5W8uIe2hblzN76/Wm3v/yiythQvr+dpBWeqhPSWIDNj4zOyHi4zKbMK6DN34Xsr9jPHJERAEw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "available-typed-arrays": "^1.0.7",
+        "call-bind": "^1.0.9",
+        "call-bound": "^1.0.4",
+        "for-each": "^0.3.5",
+        "get-proto": "^1.0.1",
+        "gopd": "^1.2.0",
+        "has-tostringtag": "^1.0.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.4"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/word-wrap": {
+      "version": "1.2.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/word-wrap/-/word-wrap-1.2.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BN22B5eaMMI9UMtjrGd5g5eCYPpCPDUy0FJXbYsaT5zYxjFOckS53SQDE3pWkVoWpHXVb3BrYcEN4Twa55B5cA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/yocto-queue": {
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/zustand": {
+      "version": "5.0.14",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/zustand/-/zustand-5.0.14.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/8tAspM5LMPr28b3fwLYrtdj77ECpfZviaP75CMTnwO8ISyaE4GDIG/9rDDYq/cH9D2Xw2A2RXglLInmVBQB/g==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12.20.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@types/react": ">=18.0.0",
+        "immer": ">=9.0.6",
+        "react": ">=18.0.0",
+        "use-sync-external-store": ">=1.2.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@types/react": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "immer": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "react": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "use-sync-external-store": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/package.json b/web/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9111d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "name": "college-ai-center-web",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "next dev -p 4100",
+    "build": "next build",
+    "start": "next start -p 4100",
+    "lint": "next lint"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@tanstack/react-query": "^5.100.9",
+    "class-variance-authority": "^0.7.1",
+    "clsx": "^2.1.1",
+    "date-fns": "^4.1.0",
+    "lucide-react": "^0.469.0",
+    "next": "^15.5.19",
+    "next-themes": "^0.4.6",
+    "react": "19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "19.0.0",
+    "sonner": "^2.0.7",
+    "tailwind-merge": "^3.5.0",
+    "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.13"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4",
+    "@types/node": "^20",
+    "@types/react": "^19",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^19",
+    "eslint-config-next": "^15.5.19",
+    "tailwindcss": "^4",
+    "typescript": "^5"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/postcss.config.mjs b/web/postcss.config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61e3684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/postcss.config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const config = {
+  plugins: {
+    "@tailwindcss/postcss": {},
+  },
+};
+
+export default config;
diff --git a/web/src/app/admin/compliance/page.tsx b/web/src/app/admin/compliance/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b7fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/admin/compliance/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 权限与合规：查看三类角色权限范围、审计日志与越权拒绝事件（可按操作者过滤）。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { ShieldCheck } from "lucide-react";
+
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardAction,
+  CardContent,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { adminComplianceApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+export default function AdminCompliancePage() {
+  const [scopes, setScopes] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [auditLogs, setAuditLogs] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [denials, setDenials] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [actorId, setActorId] = useState("");
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const [sc, logs, dn] = await Promise.all([
+        adminComplianceApi.permissionScopes(),
+        adminComplianceApi.auditLogs(actorId || undefined),
+        adminComplianceApi.denialEvents(actorId || undefined),
+      ]);
+      setScopes(Array.isArray(sc) ? sc : []);
+      setAuditLogs(Array.isArray(logs) ? logs : []);
+      setDenials(Array.isArray(dn) ? dn : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [actorId]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<ShieldCheck className="size-5" />}
+        title="权限与合规"
+        description="查看角色权限范围、审计日志与越权拒绝事件。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "查看角色权限", detail: "顶部按学生 / 导师 / 管理员列出各自的权限范围。" },
+          { title: "按操作者过滤", detail: "在输入框填写操作者标识，点击「查询」缩小范围。" },
+          { title: "审阅审计日志", detail: "左侧查看操作审计记录，追溯关键行为。" },
+          { title: "排查越权事件", detail: "右侧查看被拒绝的越权访问，及时发现异常。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="越权拒绝事件是合规风险信号，建议定期结合操作者标识排查。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>角色权限范围</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : error ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-3">
+              {scopes.map((sc: any, i: number) => (
+                <div
+                  key={sc.role ?? i}
+                  className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3"
+                >
+                  <p className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-primary">
+                    {sc.role}
+                  </p>
+                  <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    {(sc.permissions ?? []).map((p: any, pi: number) => (
+                      <li key={pi}>
+                        {typeof p === "string" ? (
+                          <>· {p}</>
+                        ) : (
+                          <>
+                            ·{" "}
+                            <span className="font-medium">{p.resourceType}</span>
+                            ：
+                            {Array.isArray(p.actions) ? p.actions.join(" / ") : ""}
+                          </>
+                        )}
+                      </li>
+                    ))}
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>审计与越权事件</CardTitle>
+          <CardAction>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <Input
+                className="w-48"
+                value={actorId}
+                onChange={(e) => setActorId(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="按操作者标识过滤"
+              />
+              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={load} disabled={loading}>
+                查询
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </CardAction>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-2">
+            <div>
+              <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+                审计日志（{auditLogs.length}）
+              </h3>
+              {auditLogs.length === 0 ? (
+                <EmptyState message="暂无审计日志。" />
+              ) : (
+                <ul className="space-y-2">
+                  {auditLogs.map((log: any, i: number) => (
+                    <li
+                      key={log.id ?? i}
+                      className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground"
+                    >
+                      <pre className="scrollbar-thin overflow-auto">
+                        {JSON.stringify(log, null, 2)}
+                      </pre>
+                    </li>
+                  ))}
+                </ul>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            <div>
+              <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+                越权拒绝事件（{denials.length}）
+              </h3>
+              {denials.length === 0 ? (
+                <EmptyState message="暂无越权拒绝事件。" />
+              ) : (
+                <ul className="space-y-2">
+                  {denials.map((d: any, i: number) => (
+                    <li
+                      key={d.id ?? i}
+                      className="rounded-lg border border-destructive/20 bg-destructive/10 p-3 text-xs text-destructive"
+                    >
+                      <pre className="scrollbar-thin overflow-auto">
+                        {JSON.stringify(d, null, 2)}
+                      </pre>
+                    </li>
+                  ))}
+                </ul>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/admin/layout.tsx b/web/src/app/admin/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7672a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/admin/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { AdminShell } from "@/components/layout/app-shell";
+import { ADMIN_NAV } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { Role } from "@/lib/types";
+
+export default function AdminLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <AdminShell requiredRole={Role.Administrator} nav={ADMIN_NAV}>
+      {children}
+    </AdminShell>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/admin/page.tsx b/web/src/app/admin/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c8fce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/admin/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { FlaskConical, ShieldCheck, ToggleRight } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { FeatureGrid } from "@/components/feature-grid";
+import { StatCard } from "@/components/display";
+import { WelcomeBanner } from "@/components/welcome-banner";
+import { SkeletonStats } from "@/components/skeletons";
+import { ADMIN_NAV } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { adminSkillsApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+
+export default function AdminHome() {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+
+  const { data: skills, isLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["admin-skills"],
+    queryFn: () => adminSkillsApi.list(),
+  });
+
+  const total = skills?.length ?? 0;
+  const enabled = skills?.filter((s) => s.enabled).length ?? 0;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <WelcomeBanner
+        greeting="管理控制台"
+        title={user?.username ?? "管理员"}
+        description="治理技能定义、管理角色权限与合规审计。"
+        icon={<ShieldCheck />}
+      />
+
+      {isLoading ? (
+        <SkeletonStats count={3} />
+      ) : (
+        <div className="stagger grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-3">
+          <StatCard
+            label="技能总数"
+            value={total}
+            icon={<FlaskConical />}
+            hint="已登记技能定义"
+            tone="primary"
+          />
+          <StatCard
+            label="已启用"
+            value={enabled}
+            icon={<ToggleRight />}
+            hint={total ? `${Math.round((enabled / total) * 100)}% 启用率` : "—"}
+            tone="success"
+          />
+          <StatCard
+            label="合规审计"
+            value="实时"
+            icon={<ShieldCheck />}
+            hint="权限与越权事件"
+            tone="warning"
+          />
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div>
+        <h2 className="mb-3 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">管理模块</h2>
+        <FeatureGrid items={ADMIN_NAV} />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/admin/skills/page.tsx b/web/src/app/admin/skills/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70df7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/admin/skills/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 技能治理：列出技能定义、查看详情、启用，并以「引导表单 + JSON 编辑器」新增/修改技能。
+ */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { FlaskConical } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import { InfoRow } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardAction,
+  CardContent,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { adminSkillsApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type { SkillAuditLogEntry, SkillDefinition } from "@/lib/types";
+import { formatDateTime } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+const FIVE_ELEMENTS_TEMPLATE = JSON.stringify(
+  {
+    inputSpec: { fields: [{ name: "items", type: "array", required: true }] },
+    processingLogic: { strategy: "summarize", model: "mock" },
+    knowledgeSources: [{ type: "PUBMED", weight: 1 }],
+    outputFormat: { type: "structured", schema: "summary" },
+    credibilityRule: { minEvidenceLevel: "B", annotate: true },
+  },
+  null,
+  2,
+);
+
+export default function AdminSkillsPage() {
+  const [skills, setSkills] = useState<SkillDefinition[]>([]);
+  const [auditLogs, setAuditLogs] = useState<SkillAuditLogEntry[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [skillId, setSkillId] = useState("research-summary");
+  const [skillName, setSkillName] = useState("研究资料总结技能");
+  const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(false);
+  const [elementsJson, setElementsJson] = useState(FIVE_ELEMENTS_TEMPLATE);
+  const [formError, setFormError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+
+  const [detail, setDetail] = useState<SkillDefinition | null>(null);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const [s, logs] = await Promise.all([
+        adminSkillsApi.list(),
+        adminSkillsApi.auditLogs(),
+      ]);
+      setSkills(Array.isArray(s) ? s : []);
+      setAuditLogs(Array.isArray(logs) ? logs : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleUpsert(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setFormError(null);
+    let elements: any;
+    try {
+      elements = JSON.parse(elementsJson);
+    } catch {
+      setFormError("五要素 JSON 格式不正确，请检查后重试。");
+      return;
+    }
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      await adminSkillsApi.upsert({
+        id: skillId,
+        name: skillName,
+        enabled,
+        inputSpec: elements.inputSpec,
+        processingLogic: elements.processingLogic,
+        knowledgeSources: elements.knowledgeSources,
+        outputFormat: elements.outputFormat,
+        credibilityRule: elements.credibilityRule,
+      });
+      toast.success("技能定义已提交");
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setFormError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "提交失败");
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleEnable(id: string) {
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await adminSkillsApi.enable(id);
+      toast.success("技能已启用");
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "启用失败");
+    }
+  }
+
+  function handleEdit(s: SkillDefinition) {
+    setSkillId(s.id);
+    setSkillName(s.name);
+    setEnabled(s.enabled);
+    setElementsJson(
+      JSON.stringify(
+        {
+          inputSpec: s.inputSpec ?? {},
+          processingLogic: s.processingLogic ?? {},
+          knowledgeSources: s.knowledgeSources ?? [],
+          outputFormat: s.outputFormat ?? {},
+          credibilityRule: s.credibilityRule ?? {},
+        },
+        null,
+        2,
+      ),
+    );
+    setDetail(s);
+  }
+
+  const enabledCount = skills.filter((s) => s.enabled).length;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<FlaskConical className="size-5" />}
+        title="技能治理"
+        description="管理技能定义的五要素，启用并审计变更。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "浏览技能列表", detail: "查看已登记技能及启用状态，点「详情 / 编辑」展开。" },
+          { title: "编辑五要素", detail: "在表单中填写标识、名称，并用 JSON 编辑五要素定义。" },
+          { title: "提交定义", detail: "点击「提交技能定义」新增或更新；可用模板快速起步。" },
+          { title: "启用与审计", detail: "对未启用技能点「启用」；所有变更记录在审计日志中。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="五要素 = 输入规格 / 处理逻辑 / 知识源 / 输出格式 / 可信度规则；JSON 格式错误会被拦截。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>技能定义</CardTitle>
+          <CardAction>
+            <div className="flex gap-2">
+              <Badge variant="success">{enabledCount} 已启用</Badge>
+              <Badge variant="muted">{skills.length} 总计</Badge>
+            </div>
+          </CardAction>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : error ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          ) : skills.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="技能库为空，可在下方新增技能定义。" />
+          ) : (
+            <ul className="divide-y divide-border">
+              {skills.map((s) => (
+                <li key={s.id} className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 py-3">
+                  <div className="min-w-0">
+                    <p className="truncate font-medium text-foreground">{s.name}</p>
+                    <p className="mt-0.5 truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      {s.id}
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2">
+                    {s.enabled ? (
+                      <Badge variant="success">已启用</Badge>
+                    ) : (
+                      <Badge variant="muted">未启用</Badge>
+                    )}
+                    <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={() => setDetail(s)}>
+                      详情
+                    </Button>
+                    <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={() => handleEdit(s)}>
+                      编辑
+                    </Button>
+                    {!s.enabled && (
+                      <Button
+                        variant="outline"
+                        size="sm"
+                        onClick={() => handleEnable(s.id)}
+                      >
+                        启用
+                      </Button>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {detail && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>技能详情 · {detail.name}</CardTitle>
+            <CardAction>
+              <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={() => setDetail(null)}>
+                收起
+              </Button>
+            </CardAction>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <InfoRow label="标识">{detail.id}</InfoRow>
+            <InfoRow label="名称">{detail.name}</InfoRow>
+            <InfoRow label="状态">
+              {detail.enabled ? (
+                <Badge variant="success">已启用</Badge>
+              ) : (
+                <Badge variant="muted">未启用</Badge>
+              )}
+            </InfoRow>
+            <div className="mt-3 grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
+              <ElementCard title="输入规格" data={detail.inputSpec} />
+              <ElementCard title="AI 处理逻辑" data={detail.processingLogic} />
+              <ElementCard title="知识源绑定" data={detail.knowledgeSources} />
+              <ElementCard title="输出格式" data={detail.outputFormat} />
+              <ElementCard title="可信度标注规则" data={detail.credibilityRule} />
+            </div>
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>新增 / 修改技能定义</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form onSubmit={handleUpsert} className="space-y-4">
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3">
+              <div>
+                <Label>技能标识</Label>
+                <Input
+                  value={skillId}
+                  onChange={(e) => setSkillId(e.target.value)}
+                  required
+                />
+              </div>
+              <div>
+                <Label>技能名称</Label>
+                <Input
+                  value={skillName}
+                  onChange={(e) => setSkillName(e.target.value)}
+                  required
+                />
+              </div>
+              <div className="flex items-end">
+                <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    className="size-4 accent-[var(--primary)]"
+                    checked={enabled}
+                    onChange={(e) => setEnabled(e.target.checked)}
+                  />
+                  创建后即启用
+                </label>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div>
+              <Label>
+                五要素定义（inputSpec / processingLogic / knowledgeSources /
+                outputFormat / credibilityRule）
+              </Label>
+              <Textarea
+                className="font-mono text-xs"
+                rows={14}
+                value={elementsJson}
+                onChange={(e) => setElementsJson(e.target.value)}
+                spellCheck={false}
+              />
+            </div>
+
+            {formError && <ErrorBanner message={formError} />}
+            <div className="flex gap-3">
+              <Button type="submit" disabled={submitting}>
+                {submitting ? "提交中…" : "提交技能定义"}
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                type="button"
+                variant="outline"
+                onClick={() => setElementsJson(FIVE_ELEMENTS_TEMPLATE)}
+              >
+                重置五要素模板
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </form>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>治理审计日志</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {auditLogs.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无审计日志。" />
+          ) : (
+            <ul className="divide-y divide-border">
+              {auditLogs.map((log, i) => (
+                <li key={(log.id as string) ?? i} className="py-3">
+                  <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                    {log.action && <Badge variant="info">{String(log.action)}</Badge>}
+                    {log.skillId && (
+                      <span className="text-sm text-foreground">
+                        {String(log.skillId)}
+                      </span>
+                    )}
+                    {log.timestamp && (
+                      <span className="ml-auto text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        {formatDateTime(String(log.timestamp))}
+                      </span>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                  {(log.actorId || log.actorRole) && (
+                    <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      操作者：{String(log.actorId ?? "")}
+                      {log.actorRole ? `（${String(log.actorRole)}）` : ""}
+                    </p>
+                  )}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 技能五要素之一的小卡片。 */
+function ElementCard({ title, data }: { title: string; data: unknown }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3">
+      <p className="mb-1.5 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">{title}</p>
+      <pre className="scrollbar-thin max-h-40 overflow-auto rounded bg-muted/60 p-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+        {JSON.stringify(data ?? {}, null, 2)}
+      </pre>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/globals.css b/web/src/app/globals.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8cecb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/globals.css
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+@import "tailwindcss";
+@import "tw-animate-css";
+
+@custom-variant dark (&:is(.dark *));
+
+@theme inline {
+  --color-background: var(--background);
+  --color-foreground: var(--foreground);
+  --font-sans: var(--font-geist-sans);
+  --font-mono: var(--font-geist-mono);
+  --font-heading: var(--font-geist-sans);
+  --color-sidebar-ring: var(--sidebar-ring);
+  --color-sidebar-border: var(--sidebar-border);
+  --color-sidebar-accent-foreground: var(--sidebar-accent-foreground);
+  --color-sidebar-accent: var(--sidebar-accent);
+  --color-sidebar-primary-foreground: var(--sidebar-primary-foreground);
+  --color-sidebar-primary: var(--sidebar-primary);
+  --color-sidebar-foreground: var(--sidebar-foreground);
+  --color-sidebar: var(--sidebar);
+  --color-chart-5: var(--chart-5);
+  --color-chart-4: var(--chart-4);
+  --color-chart-3: var(--chart-3);
+  --color-chart-2: var(--chart-2);
+  --color-chart-1: var(--chart-1);
+  --color-ring: var(--ring);
+  --color-input: var(--input);
+  --color-border: var(--border);
+  --color-destructive: var(--destructive);
+  --color-accent-foreground: var(--accent-foreground);
+  --color-accent: var(--accent);
+  --color-muted-foreground: var(--muted-foreground);
+  --color-muted: var(--muted);
+  --color-secondary-foreground: var(--secondary-foreground);
+  --color-secondary: var(--secondary);
+  --color-primary-foreground: var(--primary-foreground);
+  --color-primary: var(--primary);
+  --color-popover-foreground: var(--popover-foreground);
+  --color-popover: var(--popover);
+  --color-card-foreground: var(--card-foreground);
+  --color-card: var(--card);
+  --color-success: var(--success);
+  --color-success-foreground: var(--success-foreground);
+  --color-warning: var(--warning);
+  --color-warning-foreground: var(--warning-foreground);
+  --radius-sm: calc(var(--radius) * 0.6);
+  --radius-md: calc(var(--radius) * 0.8);
+  --radius-lg: var(--radius);
+  --radius-xl: calc(var(--radius) * 1.4);
+  --radius-2xl: calc(var(--radius) * 1.8);
+  --radius-3xl: calc(var(--radius) * 2.2);
+  --radius-4xl: calc(var(--radius) * 2.6);
+}
+
+/*
+ * 医科高校 AI 学习中心 — 主题
+ * 以青绿/医学蓝为主色，参考 GovAi 的 oklch 色彩体系，营造专业、清爽的医学场景观感。
+ */
+:root {
+  --background: oklch(0.985 0.004 200);
+  --foreground: oklch(0.155 0.02 220);
+  --card: oklch(1 0 0);
+  --card-foreground: oklch(0.155 0.02 220);
+  --popover: oklch(1 0 0);
+  --popover-foreground: oklch(0.155 0.02 220);
+  --primary: oklch(0.52 0.11 200);
+  --primary-foreground: oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --secondary: oklch(0.96 0.015 200);
+  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0.30 0.06 210);
+  --muted: oklch(0.96 0.01 200);
+  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.50 0.02 215);
+  --accent: oklch(0.95 0.03 190);
+  --accent-foreground: oklch(0.30 0.07 205);
+  --destructive: oklch(0.55 0.22 25);
+  --success: oklch(0.62 0.14 155);
+  --success-foreground: oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --warning: oklch(0.75 0.15 75);
+  --warning-foreground: oklch(0.27 0.05 75);
+  --border: oklch(0.91 0.01 210);
+  --input: oklch(0.91 0.01 210);
+  --ring: oklch(0.52 0.11 200);
+  --chart-1: oklch(0.52 0.13 200);
+  --chart-2: oklch(0.60 0.14 160);
+  --chart-3: oklch(0.62 0.15 260);
+  --chart-4: oklch(0.70 0.14 75);
+  --chart-5: oklch(0.58 0.20 25);
+  --radius: 0.625rem;
+  --sidebar: oklch(0.975 0.008 200);
+  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0.155 0.02 220);
+  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0.50 0.12 200);
+  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.94 0.02 195);
+  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(0.30 0.07 205);
+  --sidebar-border: oklch(0.91 0.01 210);
+  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.52 0.11 200);
+}
+
+.dark {
+  --background: oklch(0.16 0.02 220);
+  --foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --card: oklch(0.21 0.025 220);
+  --card-foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --popover: oklch(0.21 0.025 220);
+  --popover-foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --primary: oklch(0.68 0.12 195);
+  --primary-foreground: oklch(0.16 0.02 220);
+  --secondary: oklch(0.28 0.025 220);
+  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --muted: oklch(0.28 0.025 220);
+  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.70 0.02 210);
+  --accent: oklch(0.30 0.04 200);
+  --accent-foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --destructive: oklch(0.70 0.19 22);
+  --success: oklch(0.68 0.14 155);
+  --success-foreground: oklch(0.16 0.02 220);
+  --warning: oklch(0.80 0.15 80);
+  --warning-foreground: oklch(0.20 0.04 80);
+  --border: oklch(1 0 0 / 10%);
+  --input: oklch(1 0 0 / 15%);
+  --ring: oklch(0.62 0.12 195);
+  --chart-1: oklch(0.68 0.13 195);
+  --chart-2: oklch(0.68 0.14 160);
+  --chart-3: oklch(0.68 0.15 260);
+  --chart-4: oklch(0.76 0.14 75);
+  --chart-5: oklch(0.64 0.20 25);
+  --sidebar: oklch(0.21 0.025 220);
+  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0.62 0.14 195);
+  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.30 0.04 200);
+  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(0.985 0.003 200);
+  --sidebar-border: oklch(1 0 0 / 10%);
+  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.62 0.12 195);
+}
+
+@layer base {
+  * {
+    @apply border-border outline-ring/50;
+  }
+  body {
+    @apply bg-background text-foreground;
+  }
+  html {
+    @apply font-sans;
+  }
+}
+
+/* 细滚动条，贴合整体清爽风格 */
+@layer utilities {
+  .scrollbar-thin {
+    scrollbar-width: thin;
+    scrollbar-color: var(--border) transparent;
+  }
+  .scrollbar-thin::-webkit-scrollbar {
+    width: 6px;
+    height: 6px;
+  }
+  .scrollbar-thin::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+    background-color: var(--border);
+    border-radius: 9999px;
+  }
+
+  /* 背景细网格/光晕，用于工作台与登录页 */
+  .bg-grid {
+    background-image:
+      linear-gradient(to right, color-mix(in oklch, var(--border) 60%, transparent) 1px, transparent 1px),
+      linear-gradient(to bottom, color-mix(in oklch, var(--border) 60%, transparent) 1px, transparent 1px);
+    background-size: 28px 28px;
+  }
+}
+
+/* ========================= 微动效 ========================= */
+@keyframes fade-in {
+  from {
+    opacity: 0;
+  }
+  to {
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes fade-in-up {
+  from {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateY(10px);
+  }
+  to {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes fade-in-left {
+  from {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX(-12px);
+  }
+  to {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateX(0);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes scale-in {
+  from {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: scale(0.97);
+  }
+  to {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: scale(1);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes shimmer {
+  100% {
+    transform: translateX(100%);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes bar-grow {
+  from {
+    transform: scaleX(0);
+  }
+  to {
+    transform: scaleX(1);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes pulse-soft {
+  0%, 100% {
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+  50% {
+    opacity: 0.7;
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes float {
+  0%, 100% {
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+  50% {
+    transform: translateY(-4px);
+  }
+}
+
+@layer utilities {
+  .animate-fade-in {
+    animation: fade-in 0.4s ease-out both;
+  }
+  .animate-fade-in-up {
+    animation: fade-in-up 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) both;
+  }
+  .animate-fade-in-left {
+    animation: fade-in-left 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) both;
+  }
+  .animate-scale-in {
+    animation: scale-in 0.3s ease-out both;
+  }
+  .animate-pulse-soft {
+    animation: pulse-soft 2.5s ease-in-out infinite;
+  }
+  .animate-float {
+    animation: float 3s ease-in-out infinite;
+  }
+
+  /* 子项依次入场（用于卡片网格 / 列表） */
+  .stagger > * {
+    animation: fade-in-up 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) both;
+  }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0.02s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.06s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.14s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 0.18s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(6) { animation-delay: 0.22s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(7) { animation-delay: 0.26s; }
+  .stagger > *:nth-child(8) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
+
+  /* 骨架屏微光 */
+  .skeleton-shimmer {
+    position: relative;
+    overflow: hidden;
+  }
+  .skeleton-shimmer::after {
+    content: "";
+    position: absolute;
+    inset: 0;
+    transform: translateX(-100%);
+    background: linear-gradient(
+      90deg,
+      transparent,
+      color-mix(in oklch, var(--foreground) 6%, transparent),
+      transparent
+    );
+    animation: shimmer 1.5s infinite;
+  }
+
+  /* 毛玻璃卡片 */
+  .glass-card {
+    background: color-mix(in oklch, var(--card) 85%, transparent);
+    backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(1.2);
+    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(1.2);
+  }
+
+  /* 学习中心渐变文字 */
+  .text-gradient {
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), oklch(0.60 0.14 160));
+    -webkit-background-clip: text;
+    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
+    background-clip: text;
+  }
+}
+
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  .animate-fade-in,
+  .animate-fade-in-up,
+  .animate-fade-in-left,
+  .animate-scale-in,
+  .animate-pulse-soft,
+  .animate-float,
+  .stagger > * {
+    animation: none !important;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/layout.tsx b/web/src/app/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c675f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import type { Metadata } from "next";
+import { Geist, Geist_Mono } from "next/font/google";
+
+import { Providers } from "@/components/providers";
+import { Toaster } from "@/components/ui/sonner";
+import "./globals.css";
+
+const geistSans = Geist({
+  variable: "--font-geist-sans",
+  subsets: ["latin"],
+});
+
+const geistMono = Geist_Mono({
+  variable: "--font-geist-mono",
+  subsets: ["latin"],
+});
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: "AI 学习中心 · 医科高校",
+  description: "面向医科类高校的 AI 学习中心 — 学习成果沉淀、能力画像、临床对练与循证研究一体化平台",
+};
+
+export default function RootLayout({
+  children,
+}: Readonly<{
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}>) {
+  return (
+    <html
+      lang="zh-CN"
+      suppressHydrationWarning
+      className={`${geistSans.variable} ${geistMono.variable} h-full antialiased`}
+    >
+      <body className="min-h-full">
+        <Providers>{children}</Providers>
+        <Toaster position="top-center" richColors />
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/login/page.tsx b/web/src/app/login/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76ec9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/login/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 登录 / 注册页（品牌化分屏）。
+ *
+ * 左侧品牌叙事，右侧表单。支持登录/注册切换、三角色注册与测试账户一键登录。
+ */
+
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import {
+  Bot,
+  HeartPulse,
+  Search,
+  Sparkles,
+  Stethoscope,
+  Target,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import { ErrorBanner } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { ROLE_LABELS, Role } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+import { homeForRole, useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+
+const TEST_ACCOUNTS: { username: string; password: string; role: Role }[] = [
+  { username: "student", password: "student123", role: Role.Student },
+  { username: "mentor", password: "mentor123", role: Role.Mentor },
+  { username: "admin", password: "admin123", role: Role.Administrator },
+];
+
+const HIGHLIGHTS = [
+  { icon: Sparkles, title: "胜任力画像", desc: "六维医学胜任力量化" },
+  { icon: Target, title: "执业发展", desc: "个性化执业路径规划" },
+  { icon: Stethoscope, title: "临床模拟", desc: "模拟问诊 · 多维评估" },
+  { icon: Search, title: "循证检索", desc: "PICO 框架 · 证据分级" },
+  { icon: Bot, title: "医学 AI 协作", desc: "人机协作胜任力训练" },
+];
+
+export default function LoginPage() {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const isLoading = useAuthStore((s) => s.isLoading);
+  const login = useAuthStore((s) => s.login);
+  const register = useAuthStore((s) => s.register);
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  const [mode, setMode] = useState<"login" | "register">("login");
+  const [username, setUsername] = useState("");
+  const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
+  const [displayName, setDisplayName] = useState("");
+  const [role, setRole] = useState<Role>(Role.Student);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [quickRole, setQuickRole] = useState<Role | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isLoading && user) {
+      router.replace(homeForRole(user.role));
+    }
+  }, [isLoading, user, router]);
+
+  async function handleSubmit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      const u =
+        mode === "login"
+          ? await login(username, password)
+          : await register({ username, password, role, displayName });
+      toast.success(`欢迎，${u.username}`);
+      router.replace(homeForRole(u.role));
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? (err.body.message ?? "操作失败") : "网络错误，请确认后端服务已启动");
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function quickLogin(acct: (typeof TEST_ACCOUNTS)[number]) {
+    setError(null);
+    setQuickRole(acct.role);
+    try {
+      const u = await login(acct.username, acct.password);
+      toast.success(`已以${ROLE_LABELS[acct.role]}身份登录`);
+      router.replace(homeForRole(u.role));
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(
+        err instanceof ApiError
+          ? `${ROLE_LABELS[acct.role]}测试账户登录失败：${err.body.message ?? ""}`
+          : "网络错误，请确认后端服务已启动",
+      );
+      setQuickRole(null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="grid min-h-screen lg:grid-cols-2">
+      {/* 左侧品牌区 */}
+      <div className="relative hidden flex-col justify-between overflow-hidden bg-gradient-to-br from-[oklch(0.38_0.10_215)] via-primary to-[oklch(0.48_0.13_190)] p-10 text-primary-foreground lg:flex">
+        <div className="bg-grid pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 opacity-[0.05]" />
+        <div className="pointer-events-none absolute -top-24 -right-16 size-80 rounded-full bg-white/8 blur-3xl" />
+        <div className="pointer-events-none absolute -bottom-32 -left-10 size-96 rounded-full bg-white/5 blur-3xl" />
+        <div className="animate-pulse-soft pointer-events-none absolute top-1/3 right-1/4 size-3 rounded-full bg-white/20" />
+
+        <div className="relative flex items-center gap-2.5 font-bold">
+          <span className="flex size-9 items-center justify-center rounded-xl bg-white/15 backdrop-blur-sm">
+            <HeartPulse className="size-5" />
+          </span>
+          <div>
+            <span className="text-base font-bold tracking-wide">AI 学习中心</span>
+            <span className="ml-2 text-xs font-normal text-primary-foreground/60">医科高校</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="relative">
+          <h2 className="text-3xl leading-tight font-bold md:text-4xl">
+            让学习、对练与科研
+            <br />
+            在一个平台上闭环。
+          </h2>
+          <p className="mt-3 max-w-md text-sm leading-relaxed text-primary-foreground/75">
+            面向医科类高校，沉淀学业档案、量化胜任力画像、支撑临床模拟与循证研究。
+          </p>
+
+          <div className="mt-8 grid grid-cols-2 gap-3">
+            {HIGHLIGHTS.map((h) => {
+              const Icon = h.icon;
+              return (
+                <div
+                  key={h.title}
+                  className="flex items-start gap-3 rounded-xl bg-white/10 p-3.5 ring-1 ring-white/10 backdrop-blur-sm transition-colors hover:bg-white/15"
+                >
+                  <span className="flex size-9 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-white/15">
+                    <Icon className="size-4.5" />
+                  </span>
+                  <div>
+                    <p className="text-sm font-semibold">{h.title}</p>
+                    <p className="text-xs text-primary-foreground/65">{h.desc}</p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              );
+            })}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <p className="relative text-xs text-primary-foreground/50">
+          © {new Date().getFullYear()} 医科高校 AI 学习中心 · 学业 · 临床 · 画像 · 循证 · 协作
+        </p>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 右侧表单区 */}
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-center bg-background px-4 py-10">
+        <div className="w-full max-w-md animate-fade-in-up">
+          <div className="mb-6 text-center lg:hidden">
+            <div className="mx-auto mb-3 flex size-14 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl bg-gradient-to-br from-primary to-[oklch(0.48_0.13_190)] text-primary-foreground shadow-lg shadow-primary/20">
+              <HeartPulse className="size-7" />
+            </div>
+            <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-foreground">AI 学习中心</h1>
+            <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">医科高校</p>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="rounded-2xl bg-card p-6 shadow-sm ring-1 ring-foreground/10">
+            <div className="mb-1 text-lg font-semibold text-foreground">
+              {mode === "login" ? "登录账户" : "创建账户"}
+            </div>
+            <p className="mb-5 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+              {mode === "login" ? "欢迎回来，请输入凭据。" : "注册以体验三端功能。"}
+            </p>
+
+            <div className="mb-5 grid grid-cols-2 gap-1 rounded-lg bg-muted p-1">
+              {(["login", "register"] as const).map((m) => (
+                <button
+                  key={m}
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    setMode(m);
+                    setError(null);
+                  }}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "rounded-md py-2 text-sm font-medium transition",
+                    mode === m
+                      ? "bg-card text-primary shadow-sm"
+                      : "text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  {m === "login" ? "登录" : "注册"}
+                </button>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+
+            <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-4">
+              <div>
+                <Label htmlFor="username">用户名</Label>
+                <Input
+                  id="username"
+                  value={username}
+                  onChange={(e) => setUsername(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder="至少 3 个字符"
+                  autoComplete="username"
+                  required
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              <div>
+                <Label htmlFor="password">密码</Label>
+                <Input
+                  id="password"
+                  type="password"
+                  value={password}
+                  onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder="至少 8 个字符"
+                  autoComplete={mode === "login" ? "current-password" : "new-password"}
+                  required
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              {mode === "register" && (
+                <>
+                  <div>
+                    <Label htmlFor="displayName">展示名</Label>
+                    <Input
+                      id="displayName"
+                      value={displayName}
+                      onChange={(e) => setDisplayName(e.target.value)}
+                      placeholder="如：张三"
+                      required
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div>
+                    <Label>角色</Label>
+                    <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2">
+                      {Object.values(Role).map((r) => (
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          key={r}
+                          onClick={() => setRole(r)}
+                          className={cn(
+                            "rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 text-sm transition",
+                            role === r
+                              ? "border-primary bg-primary/10 text-primary"
+                              : "border-input text-muted-foreground hover:bg-muted",
+                          )}
+                        >
+                          {ROLE_LABELS[r]}
+                        </button>
+                      ))}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </>
+              )}
+
+              {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+
+              <Button type="submit" className="w-full" size="lg" disabled={submitting}>
+                {submitting ? "处理中…" : mode === "login" ? "登录" : "注册并登录"}
+              </Button>
+            </form>
+
+            <div className="mt-5 border-t border-border pt-4">
+              <p className="mb-2 text-center text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                测试账户 · 一键登录
+              </p>
+              <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2">
+                {TEST_ACCOUNTS.map((acct) => (
+                  <button
+                    key={acct.role}
+                    type="button"
+                    onClick={() => quickLogin(acct)}
+                    disabled={quickRole !== null}
+                    className="flex flex-col items-center rounded-lg border border-border px-2 py-2 text-center transition hover:border-primary hover:bg-primary/5 disabled:opacity-60"
+                  >
+                    <span className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+                      {ROLE_LABELS[acct.role]}
+                    </span>
+                    <span className="mt-0.5 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+                      {quickRole === acct.role ? "登录中…" : acct.username}
+                    </span>
+                  </button>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+              <p className="mt-2 text-center text-[11px] text-muted-foreground/70">
+                口令：student123 / mentor123 / admin123
+              </p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <p className="mt-4 text-center text-xs text-muted-foreground/70">
+            后端服务默认运行于 http://localhost:3000
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/mentor/comments/page.tsx b/web/src/app/mentor/comments/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..430dcef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/mentor/comments/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 成果点评：对指定学习成果添加点评，并查看该成果的全部点评。 */
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { MessageSquareText } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { mentorApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+export default function MentorCommentsPage() {
+  const [achievementId, setAchievementId] = useState("");
+  const [comment, setComment] = useState("");
+  const [comments, setComments] = useState<any[] | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function loadComments() {
+    if (!achievementId) return;
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      const v = await mentorApi.listComments(achievementId);
+      setComments(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function addComment(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      await mentorApi.addComment(achievementId, comment);
+      setComment("");
+      toast.success("点评已提交");
+      await loadComments();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "点评失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<MessageSquareText className="size-5" />}
+        title="教学点评"
+        description="对学生的学业成果进行教学性点评，指导临床与科研能力提升，点评对学生可见。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "输入成果标识", detail: "填写学生学习成果的标识编号。" },
+          { title: "查看已有点评", detail: "点击「查看点评」加载该成果的历史点评。" },
+          { title: "填写点评内容", detail: "输入对该成果的具体点评意见。" },
+          { title: "提交点评", detail: "点击「提交点评」，点评将对该学生可见。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="点评一旦提交即对学生可见，建议给出具体、可操作的改进建议。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>点评学习成果</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form onSubmit={addComment} className="space-y-4">
+            <div>
+              <Label>成果标识</Label>
+              <div className="flex gap-2">
+                <Input
+                  value={achievementId}
+                  onChange={(e) => setAchievementId(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder="输入学习成果的标识"
+                  required
+                />
+                <Button
+                  type="button"
+                  variant="outline"
+                  className="shrink-0"
+                  onClick={loadComments}
+                  disabled={!achievementId || busy}
+                >
+                  查看点评
+                </Button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>点评内容</Label>
+              <Textarea
+                rows={3}
+                value={comment}
+                onChange={(e) => setComment(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="填写对该成果的点评（对学生可见）"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+            <Button type="submit" disabled={busy}>
+              {busy ? "提交中…" : "提交点评"}
+            </Button>
+          </form>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>该成果的点评</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {busy && <Loading />}
+          {comments === null ? (
+            <EmptyState message="输入成果标识并点击「查看点评」。" />
+          ) : comments.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="该成果暂无点评。" />
+          ) : (
+            <ul className="space-y-2">
+              {comments.map((c: any, i: number) => (
+                <li
+                  key={c.id ?? i}
+                  className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3 text-sm text-foreground/80"
+                >
+                  {c.comment ?? c.content ?? JSON.stringify(c)}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/mentor/layout.tsx b/web/src/app/mentor/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c599d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/mentor/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { PortalShell } from "@/components/layout/app-shell";
+import { MENTOR_NAV } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { Role } from "@/lib/types";
+
+export default function MentorLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <PortalShell requiredRole={Role.Mentor} nav={MENTOR_NAV}>
+      {children}
+    </PortalShell>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/mentor/page.tsx b/web/src/app/mentor/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8301da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/mentor/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { ClipboardCheck, MessageSquareText, Users } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { FeatureGrid } from "@/components/feature-grid";
+import { StatCard } from "@/components/display";
+import { WelcomeBanner } from "@/components/welcome-banner";
+import { MENTOR_NAV } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+
+export default function MentorHome() {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <WelcomeBanner
+        greeting="临床带教工作台"
+        title={user?.username ?? "导师"}
+        description="审核医学题库质量、点评学生学业成果、追踪带教学生胜任力发展。"
+        icon={<Users />}
+      />
+
+      <div className="stagger grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-3">
+        <StatCard
+          label="题库审核"
+          value="待处理"
+          icon={<ClipboardCheck />}
+          hint="把控出题质量"
+          tone="primary"
+        />
+        <StatCard
+          label="教学点评"
+          value="进行中"
+          icon={<MessageSquareText />}
+          hint="指导学生成长"
+          tone="success"
+        />
+        <StatCard
+          label="学生胜任力"
+          value="画像"
+          icon={<Users />}
+          hint="合规脱敏访问"
+          tone="warning"
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      <div>
+        <h2 className="mb-3 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">带教功能</h2>
+        <FeatureGrid items={MENTOR_NAV} />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/mentor/review/page.tsx b/web/src/app/mentor/review/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aac05f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/mentor/review/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 题目审核：输入题目标识，通过或退回（退回须填原因）。 */
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { ClipboardCheck } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import { ErrorBanner, PageHeading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { mentorApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+export default function MentorReviewPage() {
+  const [questionId, setQuestionId] = useState("");
+  const [decision, setDecision] = useState<"approve" | "return">("approve");
+  const [reason, setReason] = useState("");
+  const [result, setResult] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function submit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    setResult(null);
+    try {
+      const v = await mentorApi.reviewQuestion(questionId, {
+        decision,
+        reason: decision === "return" ? reason : undefined,
+      });
+      setResult(v);
+      toast.success(decision === "approve" ? "已通过" : "已退回");
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "审核失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<ClipboardCheck className="size-5" />}
+        title="题库审核"
+        description="审核学生提交的医学练习题，把控题库质量，通过或退回并说明原因。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "输入题目标识", detail: "填写待审核题目的标识编号。" },
+          { title: "选择审核决定", detail: "「通过」或「退回」。" },
+          { title: "退回须填原因", detail: "选择退回时，需说明原因供学生修改。" },
+          { title: "提交审核", detail: "点击「提交审核」，结果会显示在下方。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="通过的题目才会进入学生可对练题库；退回原因会反馈给出题学生。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>审核题目</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form onSubmit={submit} className="space-y-4">
+            <div>
+              <Label>题目标识</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={questionId}
+                onChange={(e) => setQuestionId(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="输入待审核题目的标识"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>审核决定</Label>
+              <div className="flex gap-2">
+                {(["approve", "return"] as const).map((d) => (
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    key={d}
+                    onClick={() => setDecision(d)}
+                    className={cn(
+                      "rounded-lg border px-4 py-2 text-sm transition",
+                      decision === d
+                        ? "border-primary bg-primary/10 text-primary"
+                        : "border-input text-muted-foreground hover:bg-muted",
+                    )}
+                  >
+                    {d === "approve" ? "通过" : "退回"}
+                  </button>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            {decision === "return" && (
+              <div>
+                <Label>退回原因</Label>
+                <Textarea
+                  rows={2}
+                  value={reason}
+                  onChange={(e) => setReason(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder="说明退回原因"
+                  required
+                />
+              </div>
+            )}
+            {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+            <Button type="submit" disabled={busy}>
+              {busy ? "提交中…" : "提交审核"}
+            </Button>
+          </form>
+
+          {result && (
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+                审核结果
+              </h3>
+              <pre className="scrollbar-thin overflow-auto rounded-lg bg-muted/60 p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                {JSON.stringify(result, null, 2)}
+              </pre>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/mentor/students/page.tsx b/web/src/app/mentor/students/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d567f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/mentor/students/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 带教学生画像：列出所带学生 → 查看某学生的画像（合规授权与脱敏由后端负责）。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { Users } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { RawDetails } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { mentorApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type { StudentProfileView } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+export default function MentorStudentsPage() {
+  const [students, setStudents] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [profile, setProfile] = useState<StudentProfileView | null>(null);
+  const [activeStudent, setActiveStudent] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [profileError, setProfileError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [profileLoading, setProfileLoading] = useState(false);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const v = await mentorApi.listStudents();
+      setStudents(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function viewProfile(studentId: string) {
+    setActiveStudent(studentId);
+    setProfile(null);
+    setProfileError(null);
+    setProfileLoading(true);
+    try {
+      setProfile(await mentorApi.viewStudentProfile(studentId));
+    } catch (err) {
+      setProfileError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setProfileLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Users className="size-5" />}
+        title="学生胜任力"
+        description="查看带教学生的胜任力画像与发展情况（合规脱敏授权由系统保障）。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择学生", detail: "在左侧列表点击一名带教学生。" },
+          { title: "查看画像", detail: "右侧展示该学生的能力画像与字段明细。" },
+          { title: "留意授权状态", detail: "顶部标签显示完整访问 / 按授权范围 / 无授权。" },
+          { title: "理解脱敏", detail: "敏感字段会按合规规则自动脱敏显示为「已脱敏」。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="访问受合规授权约束，仅可见授权范围内的信息；所有查看行为均会被审计记录。"
+      />
+
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        <Card className="lg:col-span-1">
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>所带学生</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            {loading ? (
+              <Loading />
+            ) : error ? (
+              <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+            ) : students.length === 0 ? (
+              <EmptyState message="暂无带教学生。" />
+            ) : (
+              <ul className="space-y-1">
+                {students.map((s) => (
+                  <li key={s}>
+                    <button
+                      onClick={() => viewProfile(s)}
+                      className={cn(
+                        "w-full rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm transition",
+                        activeStudent === s
+                          ? "bg-primary/10 font-medium text-primary"
+                          : "text-foreground/80 hover:bg-muted",
+                      )}
+                    >
+                      {s}
+                    </button>
+                  </li>
+                ))}
+              </ul>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+
+        <Card className="lg:col-span-2">
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>学生画像</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            {!activeStudent ? (
+              <EmptyState message="从左侧选择一名学生查看画像。" />
+            ) : profileLoading ? (
+              <Loading />
+            ) : profileError ? (
+              <ErrorBanner message={profileError} />
+            ) : profile ? (
+              <ProfileViewCard profile={profile} />
+            ) : null}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 学生画像视图：授权状态 + 字段（敏感字段脱敏标记）。 */
+function ProfileViewCard({ profile }: { profile: StudentProfileView }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4">
+      {profile.notice && (
+        <p className="rounded-lg bg-warning/15 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-warning-foreground">
+          ⚠️ {profile.notice}
+        </p>
+      )}
+
+      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+        {profile.fullAccess ? (
+          <Badge variant="success">完整访问</Badge>
+        ) : profile.authorized ? (
+          <Badge variant="info">按授权范围</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <Badge variant="destructive">无有效授权</Badge>
+        )}
+        {profile.redactedFieldKeys?.length > 0 && (
+          <Badge variant="warning">
+            {profile.redactedFieldKeys.length} 个字段已脱敏
+          </Badge>
+        )}
+        <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+          用途：{profile.purpose}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="divide-y divide-border">
+        {profile.fields?.map((f) => (
+          <div
+            key={f.key}
+            className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 py-2 text-sm"
+          >
+            <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-muted-foreground">
+              {f.key}
+              {f.sensitive && <Badge variant="warning">敏感</Badge>}
+            </span>
+            <span
+              className={
+                f.redacted ? "text-muted-foreground/50" : "font-medium text-foreground"
+              }
+            >
+              {f.redacted
+                ? "已脱敏"
+                : typeof f.value === "object"
+                  ? JSON.stringify(f.value)
+                  : String(f.value)}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      <RawDetails data={profile} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/page.tsx b/web/src/app/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196d201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useEffect } from "react";
+
+import { FullPageLoading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { homeForRole, useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+
+/** 入口页：依据登录态与角色重定向到对应工作台或登录页。 */
+export default function HomePage() {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const isLoading = useAuthStore((s) => s.isLoading);
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isLoading) return;
+    router.replace(user ? homeForRole(user.role) : "/login");
+  }, [user, isLoading, router]);
+
+  return <FullPageLoading label="正在进入…" />;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/academic/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/academic/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b22964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/academic/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import {
+  BookOpenText,
+  MessageSquareText,
+  Send,
+  Users,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+import { RawDetails } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Select } from "@/components/ui/select";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { academicApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+const TYPES = [
+  { value: "journal-club", label: "文献汇报" },
+  { value: "case-discussion", label: "病例讨论" },
+  { value: "seminar", label: "专题讲座" },
+  { value: "rounds", label: "教学查房" },
+];
+
+export default function AcademicPage() {
+  const [records, setRecords] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [type, setType] = useState("");
+  const [title, setTitle] = useState("");
+  const [content, setContent] = useState("");
+  const [mentorFeedback, setMentorFeedback] = useState("");
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+
+  async function loadRecords() {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const res = await academicApi.listRecords();
+      setRecords(Array.isArray(res) ? res : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleSubmit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await academicApi.addRecord({
+        type: type || undefined,
+        title,
+        content,
+        mentorFeedback: mentorFeedback || undefined,
+      });
+      setType("");
+      setTitle("");
+      setContent("");
+      setMentorFeedback("");
+      await loadRecords();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "提交失败");
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Users className="size-5" />}
+        title="学术交流"
+        description="文献汇报、病例讨论记录与导师反馈，沉淀学术交流轨迹。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择交流类型", detail: "文献汇报、病例讨论、专题讲座或教学查房。" },
+          { title: "填写主题与内容", detail: "记录汇报主题、核心观点与个人收获。" },
+          { title: "记录导师反馈", detail: "将导师的点评与建议同步记录，便于后续回顾。" },
+          { title: "查看交流轨迹", detail: "按时间线查看所有学术交流记录与成长脉络。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="高质量的学术交流记录是胜任力画像中「学术与科研」维度的重要数据来源，建议每次活动后 24 小时内完成记录。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <Send className="size-4" />
+            新增交流记录
+          </CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
+            <div>
+              <Label>交流类型</Label>
+              <Select value={type} onChange={(e) => setType(e.target.value)} required>
+                <option value="">请选择</option>
+                {TYPES.map((t) => (
+                  <option key={t.value} value={t.value}>
+                    {t.label}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </Select>
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>主题</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={title}
+                onChange={(e) => setTitle(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="如：糖尿病肾病最新诊疗进展"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+              <Label>内容摘要</Label>
+              <Textarea
+                value={content}
+                onChange={(e) => setContent(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="记录汇报内容、核心观点、个人收获…"
+                rows={4}
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+              <Label>导师反馈（可选）</Label>
+              <Textarea
+                value={mentorFeedback}
+                onChange={(e) => setMentorFeedback(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="导师点评、建议与改进方向…"
+                rows={3}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-3 sm:col-span-2">
+              <Button type="submit" disabled={submitting}>
+                {submitting ? "提交中…" : "提交记录"}
+              </Button>
+              <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={loadRecords} disabled={loading}>
+                {loading ? "加载中…" : "刷新记录"}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+            {error && (
+              <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+                <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </form>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <BookOpenText className="size-4" />
+            交流记录
+          </CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : records.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无学术交流记录，请添加第一条记录。" />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="space-y-4">
+              {records.map((r: any, i: number) => (
+                <div
+                  key={r.id ?? i}
+                  className="rounded-lg border border-border p-4"
+                >
+                  <div className="mb-2 flex items-center justify-between">
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                      <Badge variant="outline">
+                        {TYPES.find((t) => t.value === r.type)?.label ?? r.type}
+                      </Badge>
+                      <span className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">{r.title}</span>
+                    </div>
+                    {r.date && (
+                      <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{r.date}</span>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                  <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground/80">{r.content}</p>
+                  {r.mentorFeedback && (
+                    <div className="mt-3 rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-3">
+                      <p className="mb-1 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground">
+                        <MessageSquareText className="size-3" />
+                        导师反馈
+                      </p>
+                      <p className="text-sm text-foreground/80">{r.mentorFeedback}</p>
+                    </div>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/career/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/career/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..922aa5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/career/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 职业规划：设定职业目标 → 关联岗位胜任力模型 → 生成动态闭环发展规划。 */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { BookMarked, Target } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import { InfoRow, RawDetails, ScoreBar } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardAction,
+  CardContent,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { careerApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type {
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  CompetencyGap,
+  DevelopmentPlan,
+} from "@/lib/types";
+
+export default function CareerPage() {
+  const [goal, setGoal] = useState<CareerGoalAssociation | null>(null);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [goalId, setGoalId] = useState("");
+  const [goalTitle, setGoalTitle] = useState("");
+  const [goalDesc, setGoalDesc] = useState("");
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [formError, setFormError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [plan, setPlan] = useState<DevelopmentPlan | null>(null);
+  const [planError, setPlanError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [planning, setPlanning] = useState(false);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      setGoal(await careerApi.getGoal());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleSetGoal(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setFormError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      await careerApi.setGoal({
+        id: goalId,
+        title: goalTitle,
+        description: goalDesc || undefined,
+      });
+      toast.success("职业目标已更新");
+      await load();
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof ApiError) {
+        const recs = (err.body.details as { recommendedGoals?: unknown[] })
+          ?.recommendedGoals;
+        setFormError(
+          recs?.length
+            ? `${err.message}（建议目标：${recs
+                .map((r) => {
+                  const g = r as { title?: string; id?: string };
+                  return g.title ?? g.id ?? String(r);
+                })
+                .join("、")}）`
+            : err.message,
+        );
+      } else {
+        setFormError("设定失败");
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleGeneratePlan() {
+    const gid = goal?.goal?.id ?? goalId;
+    if (!gid) {
+      setPlanError("请先设定职业目标");
+      return;
+    }
+    setPlanError(null);
+    setPlanning(true);
+    try {
+      setPlan(await careerApi.generatePlan(gid));
+    } catch (err) {
+      setPlanError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "生成失败");
+    } finally {
+      setPlanning(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Target className="size-5" />}
+        title="执业发展"
+        description="设定临床医师、住院医师等执业方向，关联岗位胜任力模型，生成个性化发展规划。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "设定职业目标", detail: "填写目标标识（如「临床医师」）、名称与可选描述。" },
+          { title: "查看胜任力模型", detail: "设定后系统自动关联岗位所需的各维度能力要求。" },
+          { title: "生成发展规划", detail: "点击「生成发展规划」对比当前能力与目标，找出差距。" },
+          { title: "按建议提升", detail: "针对每项差距查看建议行动与推荐学习资源 / 对练任务。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="若目标标识无法识别，系统会给出推荐目标；先在「成长档案」积累学业成果可让差距分析更准确。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>设定职业目标</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form
+            onSubmit={handleSetGoal}
+            className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3"
+          >
+            <div>
+              <Label>目标标识</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={goalId}
+                onChange={(e) => setGoalId(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="如：临床医师"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>目标名称</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={goalTitle}
+                onChange={(e) => setGoalTitle(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="如：临床医师"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>描述（可选）</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={goalDesc}
+                onChange={(e) => setGoalDesc(e.target.value)}
+              />
+            </div>
+            {formError && (
+              <div className="sm:col-span-3">
+                <ErrorBanner message={formError} />
+              </div>
+            )}
+            <div className="sm:col-span-3">
+              <Button type="submit" disabled={submitting}>
+                {submitting ? "提交中…" : "设定目标"}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </form>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>当前目标与岗位胜任力模型</CardTitle>
+          <CardAction>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              size="sm"
+              onClick={handleGeneratePlan}
+              disabled={planning}
+            >
+              {planning ? "生成中…" : "生成发展规划"}
+            </Button>
+          </CardAction>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : error ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          ) : !goal ? (
+            <EmptyState message="尚未设定职业目标。" />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="space-y-4">
+              <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-4">
+                <InfoRow label="职业目标">{goal.goal?.title}</InfoRow>
+                <InfoRow label="参照框架">{goal.model?.framework}</InfoRow>
+                {goal.goal?.description && (
+                  <InfoRow label="目标说明">{goal.goal.description}</InfoRow>
+                )}
+              </div>
+
+              <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-2">
+                {goal.model?.dimensions?.map((d) => (
+                  <div
+                    key={d.dimension}
+                    className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3"
+                  >
+                    <p className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-primary">
+                      {d.dimensionName}
+                    </p>
+                    <div className="space-y-2">
+                      {d.competencyTags?.map((t) => (
+                        <ScoreBar
+                          key={t.tagId}
+                          label={t.tagName ?? t.tagId}
+                          score={t.requiredLevel}
+                          tone="primary"
+                        />
+                      ))}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          {planError && (
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              <ErrorBanner message={planError} />
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {plan && <DevelopmentPlanView plan={plan} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 发展规划展示：能力差距项 + 建议行动 + 推荐资源。 */
+function DevelopmentPlanView({ plan }: { plan: DevelopmentPlan }) {
+  const gapCount = plan.gaps?.length ?? 0;
+  const missingCount = plan.gaps?.filter((g) => g.missingData).length ?? 0;
+
+  return (
+    <Card>
+      <CardHeader>
+        <CardTitle>发展规划 · {plan.goalTitle}</CardTitle>
+        <CardAction>
+          <div className="flex gap-2">
+            <Badge variant="warning">{gapCount} 项能力差距</Badge>
+            {missingCount > 0 && (
+              <Badge variant="muted">{missingCount} 项缺数据</Badge>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </CardAction>
+      </CardHeader>
+      <CardContent>
+        {gapCount === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyState message="未发现能力差距，已达到目标岗位要求。" />
+        ) : (
+          <ul className="space-y-4">
+            {plan.gaps.map((gap) => (
+              <GapItem key={gap.tagId} gap={gap} />
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        )}
+        <RawDetails data={plan} />
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
+
+function GapItem({ gap }: { gap: CompetencyGap }) {
+  return (
+    <li className="rounded-lg border border-border p-4">
+      <div className="mb-3 flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+        <div>
+          <p className="font-medium text-foreground">{gap.tagName}</p>
+          <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            {gap.dimensionName}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        {gap.missingData ? (
+          <Badge variant="muted">缺数据</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <Badge variant="warning">待提升</Badge>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <ScoreBar
+        label="当前水平"
+        score={gap.missingData ? "insufficient_data" : gap.currentLevel}
+        required={gap.requiredLevel}
+        tone="destructive"
+      />
+
+      {gap.suggestedActions?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-3">
+          <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">
+            建议行动
+          </p>
+          <ul className="space-y-1">
+            {gap.suggestedActions.map((a, i) => (
+              <li key={i} className="text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                · {a.description}
+                <span className="ml-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  （目标水平 {a.targetLevel}）
+                </span>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div className="mt-3">
+        <p className="mb-1 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">
+          <BookMarked className="size-3.5" />
+          推荐学习资源 / 对练任务
+        </p>
+        {gap.recommendedResources?.length > 0 ? (
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+            {gap.recommendedResources.map((r) => (
+              <span
+                key={r.id}
+                className="rounded-md border border-primary/30 bg-primary/5 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-primary"
+              >
+                {r.type === "practice_task" ? "🎯 " : "📘 "}
+                {r.title}
+              </span>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            {gap.resourceNote ?? "暂无可推荐资源"}
+          </p>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </li>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/case-reasoning/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/case-reasoning/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82568e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/case-reasoning/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { BriefcaseMedical, ChevronRight, Send } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { CredibilityBadge, RawDetails, ScoreBar } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { caseReasoningApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+const STEP_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  chief_complaint: "主诉与现病史",
+  history: "既往史与个人史",
+  physical_exam: "体格检查",
+  lab_results: "辅助检查",
+  differential: "鉴别诊断",
+  diagnosis: "最终诊断",
+  treatment: "治疗方案",
+};
+
+export default function CaseReasoningPage() {
+  const [cases, setCases] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [session, setSession] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [steps, setSteps] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
+  const [report, setReport] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      after?.(await fn());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "操作失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const currentStep = session?.currentStep ?? session?.step ?? null;
+  const stepLabel = currentStep ? (STEP_LABELS[currentStep] ?? currentStep) : null;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<BriefcaseMedical className="size-5" />}
+        title="病例推演"
+        description="渐进式披露临床信息，训练系统化的鉴别诊断与临床决策思维。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择病例", detail: "从病例库中选择一个临床案例，或由 AI 随机生成。" },
+          { title: "逐步推理", detail: "系统依次呈现主诉、病史、体查、检查结果，每步需写出你的分析。" },
+          { title: "鉴别诊断", detail: "基于已有信息列出鉴别诊断，说明支持与排除依据。" },
+          { title: "总结评估", detail: "完成全部步骤后获得临床推理能力评估报告。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="尽量在每一步做出独立判断后再查看下一步信息，这样能最大化锻炼临床思维。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>选择病例</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-3">
+            <Button
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => caseReasoningApi.listCases(),
+                  (v: any) => setCases(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              加载病例库
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => caseReasoningApi.startSession("random"),
+                  (v: any) => {
+                    setSession(v);
+                    setSteps([]);
+                    setReport(null);
+                  },
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              随机病例开始
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+
+          {cases.length > 0 && (
+            <ul className="mt-4 grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+              {cases.map((c: any, i: number) => (
+                <li
+                  key={c.id ?? i}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "cursor-pointer rounded-lg border p-3 transition hover:border-primary/40",
+                    session?.caseId === c.id
+                      ? "border-primary bg-primary/5"
+                      : "border-border",
+                  )}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    run(
+                      () => caseReasoningApi.startSession(c.id),
+                      (v: any) => {
+                        setSession(v);
+                        setSteps([]);
+                        setReport(null);
+                      },
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  <p className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+                    {c.title ?? c.name ?? `病例 ${i + 1}`}
+                  </p>
+                  {c.category && (
+                    <Badge variant="info" className="mt-1">{c.category}</Badge>
+                  )}
+                  {c.difficulty && (
+                    <span className="ml-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      难度：{c.difficulty}
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+
+          {error && !session && (
+            <div className="mt-4"><ErrorBanner message={error} /></div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {session && !report && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              推理进行中
+              {stepLabel && (
+                <Badge variant="info">{stepLabel}</Badge>
+              )}
+            </CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            {/* 已完成的步骤 */}
+            {steps.length > 0 && (
+              <div className="mb-4 space-y-3">
+                {steps.map((s: any, i: number) => (
+                  <div
+                    key={i}
+                    className="rounded-lg border border-border bg-muted/30 p-3"
+                  >
+                    <div className="mb-1 flex items-center gap-2">
+                      <span className="flex size-5 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-primary text-[11px] font-semibold text-primary-foreground">
+                        {i + 1}
+                      </span>
+                      <span className="text-xs font-semibold text-foreground">
+                        {STEP_LABELS[s.step] ?? s.step}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                    {s.disclosure && (
+                      <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-foreground/80">{s.disclosure}</p>
+                    )}
+                    <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                      你的分析：{s.studentAnswer}
+                    </p>
+                    {s.feedback && (
+                      <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-primary">{s.feedback}</p>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {/* 当前信息披露 */}
+            {session.currentDisclosure && (
+              <div className="mb-4 rounded-lg border border-primary/20 bg-primary/[0.04] p-4">
+                <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-primary">
+                  当前披露信息
+                </p>
+                <p className="text-sm text-foreground">
+                  {session.currentDisclosure}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            <div className="space-y-3">
+              <Textarea
+                rows={3}
+                value={answer}
+                onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="写出你对当前信息的分析、初步判断或鉴别诊断思路…"
+              />
+              <div className="flex gap-3">
+                <Button
+                  disabled={busy || !answer}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    run(
+                      () =>
+                        caseReasoningApi.submitReasoning(session.id, {
+                          step: currentStep ?? "unknown",
+                          answer,
+                        }),
+                      (v: any) => {
+                        setSteps((prev) => [
+                          ...prev,
+                          {
+                            step: currentStep,
+                            studentAnswer: answer,
+                            disclosure: session.currentDisclosure,
+                            feedback: v?.feedback,
+                          },
+                        ]);
+                        setAnswer("");
+                        if (v?.session) setSession(v.session);
+                        else if (v?.nextStep) {
+                          setSession((s: any) => ({
+                            ...s,
+                            currentStep: v.nextStep,
+                            currentDisclosure: v.disclosure,
+                          }));
+                        }
+                      },
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  <Send className="size-4" /> 提交分析
+                  {stepLabel && (
+                    <ChevronRight className="ml-1 size-3 text-primary-foreground/60" />
+                  )}
+                </Button>
+                <Button
+                  variant="outline"
+                  disabled={busy}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    run(
+                      () => caseReasoningApi.finishSession(session.id),
+                      (v: any) => setReport(v),
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  结束并生成评估
+                </Button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            {busy && <Loading />}
+            {error && <div className="mt-4"><ErrorBanner message={error} /></div>}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {report && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>病例推演评估报告</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="space-y-4">
+              {report.dimensions?.map((d: any) => (
+                <ScoreBar
+                  key={d.dimension}
+                  label={d.dimensionName ?? d.dimension}
+                  score={d.score}
+                  tone={typeof d.score === "number" && d.score >= 60 ? "success" : "warning"}
+                />
+              ))}
+
+              {report.summary && (
+                <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-4 text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                  {report.summary}
+                </div>
+              )}
+
+              {report.annotation && (
+                <CredibilityBadge annotation={report.annotation} />
+              )}
+            </div>
+            <RawDetails data={report} />
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/clinical/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/clinical/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3104802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/clinical/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 临床情景对话对练：输入情景标识发起会话 → 逐轮对话 → 结束生成三维评估报告。
+ */
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { Send, Stethoscope } from "lucide-react";
+
+import {
+  CredibilityBadge,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+  StatTile,
+} from "@/components/display";
+import { ErrorBanner, Loading, PageHeading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { clinicalApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type { DialogueReport } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+interface ChatTurn {
+  role: "student" | "system";
+  text: string;
+}
+
+export default function ClinicalPage() {
+  const [scenarioId, setScenarioId] = useState("");
+  const [session, setSession] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [turns, setTurns] = useState<ChatTurn[]>([]);
+  const [input, setInput] = useState("");
+  const [report, setReport] = useState<DialogueReport | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      after?.(await fn());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "操作失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function extractSystemReply(v: any): string {
+    return (
+      v?.systemResponse ??
+      v?.reply ??
+      v?.message ??
+      v?.turn?.systemResponse ??
+      JSON.stringify(v)
+    );
+  }
+
+  function sendTurn() {
+    if (!input || busy || !session) return;
+    const text = input;
+    setTurns((t) => [...t, { role: "student", text }]);
+    setInput("");
+    run(
+      () => clinicalApi.sendTurn(session.id, { studentInput: text }),
+      (v: any) =>
+        setTurns((t) => [...t, { role: "system", text: extractSystemReply(v) }]),
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Stethoscope className="size-5" />}
+        title="临床模拟"
+        description="模拟真实问诊、查体与医患沟通情景，与 AI 患者交互后获得多维评估反馈。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "输入情景标识", detail: "如「胸痛分诊」，选择要演练的临床情景。" },
+          { title: "开始对话", detail: "点击「开始对话」进入情景，AI 扮演患者 / 同行角色。" },
+          { title: "逐轮问诊", detail: "在输入框输入问诊或处置内容，回车或「发送」推进对话。" },
+          { title: "结束并评估", detail: "点击「结束并评估」获得沟通、临床思维等三维评分与点评。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="尽量像真实问诊一样有条理地展开；评估报告含可信度标注，注意核验 AI 给出的信息。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>发起对练</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-3">
+            <div className="min-w-[220px] flex-1">
+              <Label>情景标识</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={scenarioId}
+                onChange={(e) => setScenarioId(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="如：胸痛分诊"
+              />
+            </div>
+            <Button
+              disabled={!scenarioId || busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => clinicalApi.start(scenarioId),
+                  (v: any) => {
+                    setSession(v);
+                    setTurns([]);
+                    setReport(null);
+                  },
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              开始对话
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+          {error && (
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {session && !report && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>对话</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="scrollbar-thin mb-4 max-h-96 space-y-3 overflow-auto">
+              {turns.length === 0 && (
+                <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                  输入你的第一句话开始对话。
+                </p>
+              )}
+              {turns.map((t, i) => (
+                <div
+                  key={i}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "flex",
+                    t.role === "student" ? "justify-end" : "justify-start",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  <div
+                    className={cn(
+                      "max-w-[80%] rounded-2xl px-4 py-2 text-sm",
+                      t.role === "student"
+                        ? "bg-primary text-primary-foreground"
+                        : "bg-muted text-foreground",
+                    )}
+                  >
+                    {t.text}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+
+            {busy && <Loading />}
+
+            <div className="flex gap-3">
+              <Input
+                value={input}
+                onChange={(e) => setInput(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="输入对话内容…"
+                onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                  if (e.key === "Enter" && !e.shiftKey) {
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                    sendTurn();
+                  }
+                }}
+              />
+              <Button disabled={!input || busy} onClick={sendTurn}>
+                <Send /> 发送
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                variant="outline"
+                disabled={busy}
+                onClick={() =>
+                  run(
+                    () => clinicalApi.finish(session.id),
+                    (v: any) => setReport(v),
+                  )
+                }
+              >
+                结束并评估
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {report && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>三维评估报告</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="mb-4 flex items-center gap-4">
+              <StatTile
+                label="综合评分"
+                value={report.overallScore?.toFixed?.(0) ?? report.overallScore}
+                tone="primary"
+              />
+              <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                共 {report.turnCount} 轮对话
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div className="space-y-3">
+              {report.dimensions?.map((d) => (
+                <div key={d.dimension}>
+                  <ScoreBar
+                    label={d.dimensionName}
+                    score={d.score}
+                    tone={d.score >= 60 ? "success" : "warning"}
+                  />
+                  {d.comment && (
+                    <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{d.comment}</p>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              <CredibilityBadge annotation={report.annotation} />
+            </div>
+
+            <RawDetails data={report} />
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/collaboration/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/collaboration/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2df85f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/collaboration/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * AI 协同训练：列出协同训练任务 → 完成任务并评估四个协同能力维度 → 查看导师点评。
+ */
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { Bot } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import {
+  CredibilityBadge,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+  StatTile,
+} from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { collaborationApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type { CollaborationAssessment } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+export default function CollaborationPage() {
+  const [tasks, setTasks] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [comments, setComments] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [activeTask, setActiveTask] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [content, setContent] = useState("");
+  const [adopted, setAdopted] = useState(false);
+  const [assessment, setAssessment] = useState<CollaborationAssessment | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [submitError, setSubmitError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const [t, c] = await Promise.all([
+        collaborationApi.listTasks(),
+        collaborationApi.listComments(),
+      ]);
+      setTasks(Array.isArray(t) ? t : []);
+      setComments(Array.isArray(c) ? c : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load();
+  }, [load]);
+
+  async function handleEvaluate() {
+    if (!activeTask) return;
+    setSubmitError(null);
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      const v = await collaborationApi.evaluateTask(
+        activeTask.id ?? activeTask.taskId,
+        { content, adoptedUnverifiedAiOutput: adopted },
+      );
+      setAssessment(v);
+      toast.success("评估完成");
+    } catch (err) {
+      setSubmitError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "评估失败");
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Bot className="size-5" />}
+        title="医学 AI 协作"
+        description="在 AI 辅助下完成临床决策与科研任务，评估人机协作胜任力四维度。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择训练任务", detail: "从任务列表中点击一个协同训练任务进入。" },
+          { title: "完成并描述产出", detail: "在「任务说明 / 产出」中描述你的完成过程与结果。" },
+          { title: "如实勾选 AI 使用", detail: "若直接采用了未经核验的 AI 输出，请勾选对应项。" },
+          { title: "提交并查看评估", detail: "提交后获得四维协同能力评分、点评与可信度标注。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="如实标注 AI 使用情况会影响评估与是否需要来源核验；导师点评会显示在页面底部。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>协同训练任务</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : error ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+          ) : tasks.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无训练任务。" />
+          ) : (
+            <ul className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
+              {tasks.map((t: any, i: number) => (
+                <li
+                  key={t.id ?? i}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "cursor-pointer rounded-lg border p-3 transition",
+                    activeTask?.id === t.id
+                      ? "border-primary bg-primary/5"
+                      : "border-border hover:border-primary/40",
+                  )}
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    setActiveTask(t);
+                    setAssessment(null);
+                    setContent("");
+                    setAdopted(false);
+                  }}
+                >
+                  <p className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+                    {t.title ?? t.name ?? t.id}
+                  </p>
+                  {t.dimension && (
+                    <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      维度：{t.dimension}
+                    </p>
+                  )}
+                  {t.description && (
+                    <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      {t.description}
+                    </p>
+                  )}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {activeTask && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>完成任务：{activeTask.title ?? activeTask.id}</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="space-y-3">
+              <div>
+                <Label>任务说明 / 产出</Label>
+                <Textarea
+                  rows={3}
+                  value={content}
+                  onChange={(e) => setContent(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder="描述你的完成过程与产出"
+                />
+              </div>
+              <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                <input
+                  type="checkbox"
+                  className="size-4 accent-[var(--primary)]"
+                  checked={adopted}
+                  onChange={(e) => setAdopted(e.target.checked)}
+                />
+                直接采用了未经来源核验的 AI 输出
+              </label>
+              {submitError && <ErrorBanner message={submitError} />}
+              <Button disabled={submitting} onClick={handleEvaluate}>
+                {submitting ? "评估中…" : "提交并评估"}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+
+            {assessment && (
+              <div className="mt-4">
+                {assessment.requiresSourceVerification && (
+                  <p className="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-warning/15 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-warning-foreground">
+                    ⚠️ {assessment.verificationPrompt ?? "请对 AI 输出进行来源核验"}
+                  </p>
+                )}
+
+                <div className="mb-4">
+                  <StatTile
+                    label="综合评分"
+                    value={
+                      typeof assessment.overallScore === "number"
+                        ? assessment.overallScore.toFixed(0)
+                        : "数据不足"
+                    }
+                    tone="primary"
+                  />
+                </div>
+
+                <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+                  四维协同能力评估
+                </h3>
+                <div className="space-y-3">
+                  {assessment.dimensions?.map((d) => (
+                    <div key={d.dimension}>
+                      <ScoreBar
+                        label={d.dimensionName}
+                        score={d.score}
+                        tone={
+                          typeof d.score === "number" && d.score >= 60
+                            ? "success"
+                            : "warning"
+                        }
+                      />
+                      {d.comment && (
+                        <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                          {d.comment}
+                        </p>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+
+                <div className="mt-4">
+                  <CredibilityBadge annotation={assessment.annotation} />
+                </div>
+
+                <RawDetails data={assessment} />
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>导师点评</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {comments.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无导师点评。" />
+          ) : (
+            <ul className="space-y-2">
+              {comments.map((c: any, i: number) => (
+                <li
+                  key={c.id ?? i}
+                  className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3 text-sm text-foreground/80"
+                >
+                  {c.comment ?? c.content ?? JSON.stringify(c)}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/exam-prep/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/exam-prep/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a57074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/exam-prep/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import {
+  Award,
+  BookOpen,
+  CheckCircle2,
+  Target,
+  Timer,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+import { ScoreBar } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Select } from "@/components/ui/select";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { examPrepApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+const SUBJECTS = [
+  { value: "internal", label: "内科学" },
+  { value: "surgery", label: "外科学" },
+  { value: "pediatrics", label: "儿科学" },
+  { value: "obgyn", label: "妇产科学" },
+  { value: "pharmacology", label: "药理学" },
+  { value: "pathology", label: "病理学" },
+  { value: "diagnostics", label: "诊断学" },
+  { value: "ethics", label: "医学伦理" },
+];
+
+export default function ExamPrepPage() {
+  const [subject, setSubject] = useState("");
+  const [mode, setMode] = useState("auto");
+  const [question, setQuestion] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
+  const [result, setResult] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [stats, setStats] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [history, setHistory] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [selectedRecord, setSelectedRecord] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function generateQuestion() {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setError(null);
+    setResult(null);
+    setAnswer("");
+    try {
+      const q = await examPrepApi.generateQuestion({ subject: subject || undefined, mode });
+      setQuestion(q);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "生成失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function submitAnswer() {
+    if (!answer.trim() || !question) return;
+    setBusy(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await examPrepApi.submitAnswer(question.id ?? "current", { answer });
+      setResult(r);
+      await loadStats();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "提交失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function loadStats() {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const s = await examPrepApi.getStats();
+      setStats(s);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function loadHistory() {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const h = await examPrepApi.listHistory();
+      setHistory(Array.isArray(h) ? h : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleDeleteRecord(recordId: string) {
+    setBusy(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await examPrepApi.deleteHistory(recordId);
+      await loadHistory();
+      await loadStats();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "删除失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleDeleteAll() {
+    if (!confirm("确定要清空所有答题记录吗？此操作不可恢复。")) return;
+    setBusy(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await examPrepApi.deleteAllHistory();
+      await loadHistory();
+      await loadStats();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "清空失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Award className="size-5" />}
+        title="执业医师备考"
+        description="针对执业医师考试的专项题库与进度追踪，强化薄弱科目。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择科目", detail: "选择内科学、外科学等薄弱科目进行专项训练。" },
+          { title: "生成试题", detail: "AI 根据执医考试大纲生成模拟题，覆盖高频考点。" },
+          { title: "作答与解析", detail: "提交答案后获得详细解析与相关知识点扩展。" },
+          { title: "追踪进度", detail: "系统自动统计各科目正确率，定位薄弱环节。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="执业医师考试注重临床思维，建议在作答时写出推理过程，而非仅给出结论。"
+      />
+
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        <Card className="lg:col-span-2">
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <Target className="size-4" />
+              专项训练
+            </CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent className="space-y-4">
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+              <Select
+                value={subject}
+                onChange={(e) => setSubject(e.target.value)}
+                className="w-40"
+              >
+                <option value="">全部科目</option>
+                {SUBJECTS.map((s) => (
+                  <option key={s.value} value={s.value}>
+                    {s.label}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </Select>
+              <Select
+                value={mode}
+                onChange={(e) => setMode(e.target.value)}
+                className="w-32"
+              >
+                <option value="auto">自动</option>
+                <option value="builtin">内置题库</option>
+                <option value="ai">AI生成</option>
+              </Select>
+              <Button onClick={generateQuestion} disabled={busy}>
+                {busy ? "生成中…" : "生成试题"}
+              </Button>
+              {selectedRecord && (
+                <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setSelectedRecord(null)} disabled={busy}>
+                  关闭详情
+                </Button>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+
+            {question && (
+              <div className="space-y-4">
+                <div className="rounded-lg border border-primary/15 bg-primary/[0.03] p-4">
+                  <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground">
+                    {question.content ?? question.question ?? JSON.stringify(question)}
+                  </p>
+                  {question.options && (
+                    <ul className="mt-3 space-y-1">
+                      {question.options.map((opt: string, i: number) => (
+                        <li key={i} className="text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                          {String.fromCharCode(65 + i)}. {opt}
+                        </li>
+                      ))}
+                    </ul>
+                  )}
+                  {question.subject && (
+                    <Badge variant="info" className="mt-3">
+                      {SUBJECTS.find((s) => s.value === question.subject)?.label ?? question.subject}
+                    </Badge>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+
+                {!result && (
+                  <div className="space-y-2">
+                    <Textarea
+                      value={answer}
+                      onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+                      placeholder="输入你的答案或推理过程…"
+                      rows={3}
+                    />
+                    <Button onClick={submitAnswer} disabled={busy || !answer.trim()}>
+                      提交答案
+                    </Button>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
+                {result && (
+                  <div className="space-y-3">
+                    <div
+                      className={`flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-3 text-sm ${
+                        result.correct
+                          ? "bg-success/12 text-success"
+                          : "bg-destructive/12 text-destructive"
+                      }`}
+                    >
+                      {result.correct ? (
+                        <><CheckCircle2 className="size-5" /> 回答正确</>
+                      ) : (
+                        <><Timer className="size-5" /> 回答有误</>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                    {result.explanation && (
+                      <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-4">
+                        <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">解析</p>
+                        <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground/80">
+                          {result.explanation}
+                        </p>
+                      </div>
+                    )}
+                    <Button
+                      onClick={() => {
+                        setQuestion(null);
+                        setResult(null);
+                        setAnswer("");
+                      }}
+                    >
+                      继续练习
+                    </Button>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {selectedRecord && !question && (
+              <div className="space-y-4">
+                <div className="rounded-lg border border-primary/15 bg-primary/[0.03] p-4">
+                  <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground">{selectedRecord.content}</p>
+                  {selectedRecord.options && selectedRecord.options.length > 0 && (
+                    <ul className="mt-3 space-y-1">
+                      {selectedRecord.options.map((opt: string, i: number) => (
+                        <li key={i} className="text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                          {String.fromCharCode(65 + i)}. {opt}
+                        </li>
+                      ))}
+                    </ul>
+                  )}
+                  <Badge variant="info" className="mt-3">
+                    {SUBJECTS.find((s) => s.value === selectedRecord.subject)?.label ?? selectedRecord.subject}
+                  </Badge>
+                </div>
+
+                <div className="space-y-2">
+                  <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-3">
+                    <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">你的答案</p>
+                    <p className="text-sm text-foreground/80">{selectedRecord.userAnswer}</p>
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-3">
+                    <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">正确答案</p>
+                    <p className="text-sm text-foreground/80">{selectedRecord.correctAnswer}</p>
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    className={`flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-3 text-sm ${
+                      selectedRecord.correct
+                        ? "bg-success/12 text-success"
+                        : "bg-destructive/12 text-destructive"
+                    }`}
+                  >
+                    {selectedRecord.correct ? (
+                      <><CheckCircle2 className="size-5" /> 回答正确</>
+                    ) : (
+                      <><Timer className="size-5" /> 回答有误</>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                  {selectedRecord.explanation && (
+                    <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-4">
+                      <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">解析</p>
+                      <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground/80">{selectedRecord.explanation}</p>
+                    </div>
+                  )}
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    size="sm"
+                    onClick={() => setSelectedRecord(null)}
+                  >
+                    关闭详情
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {!question && !error && !selectedRecord && (
+              <EmptyState message="点击「生成试题」开始执业医师备考训练。" />
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <BookOpen className="size-4" />
+              备考进度
+            </CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="mb-4 flex items-center gap-2">
+              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={loadStats} disabled={busy}>
+                {busy ? "加载中…" : "刷新进度"}
+              </Button>
+              <Button variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={loadHistory} disabled={busy}>
+                {busy ? "加载中…" : "刷新记录"}
+              </Button>
+              {history.length > 0 && (
+                <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={handleDeleteAll} disabled={busy} className="text-destructive hover:text-destructive">
+                  清空记录
+                </Button>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            {stats ? (
+              <div className="space-y-4">
+                <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3">
+                  <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-3 text-center">
+                    <p className="text-lg font-bold text-foreground">{stats.totalAnswered ?? 0}</p>
+                    <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">已答题</p>
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-3 text-center">
+                    <p className="text-lg font-bold text-foreground">{stats.correctRate ?? "—"}%</p>
+                    <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">正确率</p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                {stats.bySubject && (
+                  <div className="space-y-2">
+                    <p className="text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground">各科目正确率</p>
+                    {Object.entries(stats.bySubject).map(([key, val]: [string, any]) => {
+                      const label = SUBJECTS.find((s) => s.value === key)?.label ?? key;
+                      const hasData = val.correctRate !== null && val.correctRate !== undefined;
+                      return (
+                        <div key={key} className="flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+                          <span className="text-muted-foreground">{label}</span>
+                          {hasData ? (
+                            <span className={`font-medium ${
+                              val.correctRate >= 80 ? "text-success" : val.correctRate >= 60 ? "text-warning" : "text-destructive"
+                            }`}>
+                              {val.correctRate}%
+                            </span>
+                          ) : (
+                            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground/60">未练习</span>
+                          )}
+                        </div>
+                      );
+                    })}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            ) : (
+              <EmptyState message="暂无统计数据，请先开始练习。" />
+            )}
+
+            {/* 答题历史 */}
+            {history.length > 0 && (
+              <div className="mt-5 space-y-2">
+                <p className="text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground">答题记录（{history.length}）</p>
+                <div className="max-h-80 space-y-2 overflow-y-auto">
+                  {history.map((h: any) => (
+                    <div
+                      key={h.id}
+                      onClick={() => {
+                        setSelectedRecord(h);
+                        setQuestion(null);
+                        setResult(null);
+                        setAnswer("");
+                      }}
+                      className="relative cursor-pointer rounded-lg border border-border p-3 transition-colors hover:bg-muted/50"
+                    >
+                      <div className="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between">
+                        <Badge variant={h.correct ? "success" : "destructive"}>
+                          {h.correct ? "正确" : "错误"}
+                        </Badge>
+                        <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+                          <span className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+                            {h.createdAt ? new Date(h.createdAt).toLocaleString() : ""}
+                          </span>
+                          <button
+                            onClick={(e) => {
+                              e.stopPropagation();
+                              handleDeleteRecord(h.id);
+                            }}
+                            className="rounded p-1 text-muted-foreground/50 hover:bg-muted hover:text-destructive"
+                            title="删除"
+                          >
+                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="2" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round"><path d="M3 6h18"/><path d="M19 6v14c0 1-1 2-2 2H7c-1 0-2-1-2-2V6"/><path d="M8 6V4c0-1 1-2 2-2h4c1 0 2 1 2 2v2"/></svg>
+                          </button>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                      <p className="line-clamp-2 text-xs text-foreground/90">{h.content}</p>
+                      <div className="mt-1.5 flex items-center gap-2 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+                        <span>你的答案：{h.userAnswer}</span>
+                        <span>正确答案：{h.correctAnswer}</span>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/knowledge/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/knowledge/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0aee8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/knowledge/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect } from "react";
+import {
+  BookOpenText,
+  ExternalLink,
+  MessageCircleQuestion,
+  Send,
+  Trash2,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+import { CredibilityBadge, RawDetails } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { knowledgeApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+interface Message {
+  role: "user" | "assistant";
+  content: string;
+  sources?: any[];
+  annotation?: any;
+  raw?: any;
+}
+
+export default function KnowledgePage() {
+  const [messages, setMessages] = useState<Message[]>([]);
+  const [input, setInput] = useState("");
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const scrollRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    scrollRef.current?.scrollTo({ top: scrollRef.current.scrollHeight, behavior: "smooth" });
+  }, [messages]);
+
+  async function handleSend() {
+    if (!input.trim() || busy) return;
+    const question = input.trim();
+    setInput("");
+    setMessages((prev) => [...prev, { role: "user", content: question }]);
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+
+    try {
+      const prev = messages.map((m) => `${m.role === "user" ? "问" : "答"}：${m.content}`).join("\n");
+      const res: any = await knowledgeApi.ask({ question, context: prev || undefined });
+
+      const answer: Message = {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: res?.answer ?? res?.content ?? JSON.stringify(res),
+        sources: res?.sources ?? res?.references,
+        annotation: res?.annotation ?? res?.credibility,
+        raw: res,
+      };
+      setMessages((prev) => [...prev, answer]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "请求失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<MessageCircleQuestion className="size-5" />}
+        title="医学问答"
+        description="向 AI 提问医学概念、机制与鉴别要点，获得带来源标注的专业解答。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "输入问题", detail: "使用自然语言提出医学问题，例如「二甲双胍的禁忌症有哪些？」" },
+          { title: "获取解答", detail: "AI 将给出包含知识点的专业回答，并标注可信度。" },
+          { title: "参考来源", detail: "每个回答附带教材或指南来源，方便进一步查证。" },
+          { title: "追问与拓展", detail: "支持多轮对话，可以就答案中的概念继续深入追问。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="问题越具体、越有临床情境，AI 的回答质量越高。例如比起「糖尿病治疗」，「2 型糖尿病合并慢性肾病 3 期的降糖方案」能获得更有针对性的回答。"
+      />
+
+      <Card className="flex flex-col overflow-hidden">
+        <CardHeader className="shrink-0 border-b border-border">
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+            <CardTitle>对话</CardTitle>
+            {messages.length > 0 && (
+              <Button
+                size="sm"
+                variant="outline"
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setMessages([]);
+                  setError(null);
+                }}
+              >
+                <Trash2 className="mr-1 size-3.5" /> 清空对话
+              </Button>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="flex flex-1 flex-col p-0">
+          {/* 消息区域 */}
+          <div
+            ref={scrollRef}
+            className="flex-1 space-y-4 overflow-y-auto p-4"
+            style={{ maxHeight: "clamp(300px, 50vh, 520px)" }}
+          >
+            {messages.length === 0 && !busy && (
+              <div className="flex h-40 items-center justify-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                在下方输入框提出你的医学问题…
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {messages.map((m, i) => (
+              <div
+                key={i}
+                className={cn(
+                  "flex gap-3",
+                  m.role === "user" ? "justify-end" : "justify-start",
+                )}
+              >
+                <div
+                  className={cn(
+                    "max-w-[85%] rounded-xl px-4 py-3 text-sm leading-relaxed",
+                    m.role === "user"
+                      ? "bg-primary text-primary-foreground"
+                      : "bg-muted/60 text-foreground",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  <p className="whitespace-pre-wrap">{m.content}</p>
+
+                  {/* 来源标注 */}
+                  {m.sources && m.sources.length > 0 && (
+                    <div className="mt-3 space-y-1 border-t border-border/30 pt-2">
+                      <p className="flex items-center gap-1 text-[11px] font-semibold text-muted-foreground">
+                        <BookOpenText className="size-3" /> 参考来源
+                      </p>
+                      <ul className="space-y-0.5">
+                        {m.sources.map((s: any, j: number) => (
+                          <li key={j} className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                            {j + 1}. {typeof s === "string" ? s : s.title ?? s.name ?? JSON.stringify(s)}
+                            {s.url && (
+                              <a
+                                href={s.url}
+                                target="_blank"
+                                rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                                className="ml-1 inline-flex items-center text-primary hover:underline"
+                              >
+                                <ExternalLink className="size-2.5" />
+                              </a>
+                            )}
+                          </li>
+                        ))}
+                      </ul>
+                    </div>
+                  )}
+
+                  {m.annotation && (
+                    <div className="mt-2">
+                      <CredibilityBadge annotation={m.annotation} />
+                    </div>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            ))}
+
+            {busy && (
+              <div className="flex justify-start">
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-xl bg-muted/60 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                  <Loading /> 正在查询…
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* 输入区 */}
+          <div className="shrink-0 border-t border-border bg-background p-4">
+            {error && (
+              <div className="mb-3"><ErrorBanner message={error} /></div>
+            )}
+            <div className="flex gap-3">
+              <Textarea
+                rows={2}
+                value={input}
+                onChange={(e) => setInput(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="输入你的医学问题，例如：心力衰竭的 NYHA 分级标准是什么？"
+                className="flex-1"
+                onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                  if (e.key === "Enter" && !e.shiftKey) {
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                    handleSend();
+                  }
+                }}
+              />
+              <Button
+                disabled={busy || !input.trim()}
+                onClick={handleSend}
+                className="self-end"
+              >
+                <Send className="size-4" />
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/layout.tsx b/web/src/app/student/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4a143c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { PortalShell } from "@/components/layout/app-shell";
+import { STUDENT_NAV, STUDENT_NAV_GROUPS } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { Role } from "@/lib/types";
+
+export default function StudentLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <PortalShell requiredRole={Role.Student} nav={STUDENT_NAV} groups={STUDENT_NAV_GROUPS}>
+      {children}
+    </PortalShell>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/learning-space/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/learning-space/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3fa812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/learning-space/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 学习空间：新增学习成果 + 按筛选条件分页检索。 */
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { BookOpen, ChevronLeft, ChevronRight } from "lucide-react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+
+import { EmptyState, ErrorBanner, PageHeading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { SkeletonList } from "@/components/skeletons";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardAction,
+  CardContent,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Select } from "@/components/ui/select";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { learningSpaceApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS, AchievementType } from "@/lib/types";
+import { formatDate } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+export default function LearningSpacePage() {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient();
+
+  const [filterType, setFilterType] = useState<string>("");
+  const [pageNum, setPageNum] = useState(1);
+
+  // 表单状态
+  const [type, setType] = useState<AchievementType>(AchievementType.CourseRecord);
+  const [title, setTitle] = useState("");
+  const [occurredAt, setOccurredAt] = useState(() =>
+    new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+  );
+  const [formError, setFormError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const listKey = ["achievements", filterType, pageNum] as const;
+  const { data: page, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: listKey,
+    queryFn: () =>
+      learningSpaceApi.listAchievements({
+        type: filterType ? (filterType as AchievementType) : undefined,
+        page: pageNum,
+        pageSize: 10,
+      }),
+  });
+
+  const addMutation = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: () =>
+      learningSpaceApi.addAchievement({
+        type,
+        title,
+        occurredAt: new Date(occurredAt).toISOString(),
+      }),
+    onSuccess: () => {
+      setTitle("");
+      setFormError(null);
+      setPageNum(1);
+      toast.success("已新增学业成果");
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["achievements"] });
+    },
+    onError: (err) => {
+      setFormError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "新增失败");
+    },
+  });
+
+  const totalPages = page ? Math.max(1, Math.ceil(page.total / page.pageSize)) : 1;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<BookOpen className="size-5" />}
+        title="成长档案"
+        description="记录课程学分、临床见习、科研产出等医学学业成果，沉淀你的成长轨迹。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择成果类型", detail: "课程记录、实验报告、临床见习、科研成果等共 9 类。" },
+          { title: "填写标题与日期", detail: "如「完成内科学期末考试」，并选择发生日期。" },
+          { title: "提交新增", detail: "点击「新增成果」保存，成果会进入下方列表。" },
+          { title: "筛选与翻页", detail: "用右上角类型下拉筛选，底部按钮翻页查看历史记录。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="持续录入学业成果，是生成「胜任力画像」与「执业发展」规划的数据基础。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>新增学业成果</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form
+            onSubmit={(e) => {
+              e.preventDefault();
+              addMutation.mutate();
+            }}
+            className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-4"
+          >
+            <div>
+              <Label>类型</Label>
+              <Select
+                value={type}
+                onChange={(e) => setType(e.target.value as AchievementType)}
+              >
+                {Object.values(AchievementType).map((t) => (
+                  <option key={t} value={t}>
+                    {ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS[t]}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </Select>
+            </div>
+            <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+              <Label>标题</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={title}
+                onChange={(e) => setTitle(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="如：完成内科学期末考试"
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>日期</Label>
+              <Input
+                type="date"
+                value={occurredAt}
+                onChange={(e) => setOccurredAt(e.target.value)}
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            {formError && (
+              <div className="sm:col-span-4">
+                <ErrorBanner message={formError} />
+              </div>
+            )}
+            <div className="sm:col-span-4">
+              <Button type="submit" disabled={addMutation.isPending}>
+                {addMutation.isPending ? "提交中…" : "新增成果"}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </form>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>我的学业档案</CardTitle>
+          <CardAction>
+            <Select
+              className="w-36"
+              value={filterType}
+              onChange={(e) => {
+                setFilterType(e.target.value);
+                setPageNum(1);
+              }}
+            >
+              <option value="">全部类型</option>
+              {Object.values(AchievementType).map((t) => (
+                <option key={t} value={t}>
+                  {ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS[t]}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </Select>
+          </CardAction>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {isLoading ? (
+            <SkeletonList rows={5} />
+          ) : error ? (
+            <ErrorBanner message={error instanceof ApiError ? error.message : "加载失败"} />
+          ) : !page || page.items.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无学业记录，先在上方新增一条吧。" />
+          ) : (
+            <>
+              <ul className="divide-y divide-border">
+                {page.items.map((a) => (
+                  <li
+                    key={a.id}
+                    className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-3 transition-colors hover:bg-muted/50"
+                  >
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+                      <span className="flex size-9 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-primary/10 text-primary">
+                        <BookOpen className="size-4" />
+                      </span>
+                      <div>
+                        <p className="font-medium text-foreground">{a.title}</p>
+                        <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                          {formatDate(a.occurredAt)}
+                        </p>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <Badge variant="info">
+                      {ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS[a.type] ?? a.type}
+                    </Badge>
+                  </li>
+                ))}
+              </ul>
+
+              <div className="mt-4 flex items-center justify-between text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                <span>共 {page.total} 条</span>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    size="sm"
+                    disabled={pageNum <= 1}
+                    onClick={() => setPageNum((p) => p - 1)}
+                  >
+                    <ChevronLeft /> 上一页
+                  </Button>
+                  <span className="tabular-nums">
+                    {page.page} / {totalPages}
+                  </span>
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    size="sm"
+                    disabled={pageNum >= totalPages}
+                    onClick={() => setPageNum((p) => p + 1)}
+                  >
+                    下一页 <ChevronRight />
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/medication/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/medication/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b58003f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/medication/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { AlertTriangle, CheckCircle2, Pill } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { RawDetails, ScoreBar } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Select } from "@/components/ui/select";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { medicationApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+const CATEGORIES = [
+  { value: "", label: "随机场景" },
+  { value: "dosage", label: "剂量计算" },
+  { value: "interaction", label: "药物相互作用" },
+  { value: "prescription", label: "处方审核" },
+  { value: "pediatric", label: "儿科用药" },
+  { value: "renal", label: "肾功能调整" },
+];
+
+export default function MedicationPage() {
+  const [category, setCategory] = useState("");
+  const [scenario, setScenario] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
+  const [result, setResult] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [history, setHistory] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      after?.(await fn());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "操作失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Pill className="size-5" />}
+        title="用药安全"
+        description="练习药物剂量计算、相互作用识别与处方审核，强化安全用药能力。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择训练类型", detail: "可选剂量计算、药物相互作用、处方审核、儿科用药、肾功能调整等场景。" },
+          { title: "生成情景", detail: "点击「生成训练情景」，AI 将生成一道临床用药问题。" },
+          { title: "提交答案", detail: "根据情景信息计算或判断后提交答案。" },
+          { title: "查看反馈", detail: "获得正误判定、正确答案解析与相关药学知识点。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="用药错误是全球医疗差错的首要原因，建议每天练习 3-5 道，重点关注易混淆药物和特殊人群用药。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>训练设置</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-3">
+            <div className="min-w-[180px]">
+              <Label>场景类型</Label>
+              <Select
+                value={category}
+                onChange={(e) => setCategory(e.target.value)}
+              >
+                {CATEGORIES.map((c) => (
+                  <option key={c.value} value={c.value}>
+                    {c.label}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </Select>
+            </div>
+            <Button
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => medicationApi.generateScenario({ category: category || undefined }),
+                  (v: any) => {
+                    setScenario(v);
+                    setResult(null);
+                    setAnswer("");
+                  },
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              生成训练情景
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              disabled={busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => medicationApi.listHistory(),
+                  (v: any) => setHistory(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              查看历史记录
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+          {error && !scenario && (
+            <div className="mt-4"><ErrorBanner message={error} /></div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {scenario && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              临床用药情景
+              {scenario.category && (
+                <Badge variant="info">
+                  {CATEGORIES.find((c) => c.value === scenario.category)?.label ?? scenario.category}
+                </Badge>
+              )}
+            </CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="mb-4 rounded-lg border border-primary/15 bg-primary/[0.03] p-4">
+              <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground">
+                {scenario.question ?? scenario.description ?? JSON.stringify(scenario)}
+              </p>
+              {scenario.patientInfo && (
+                <div className="mt-3 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground sm:grid-cols-4">
+                  {scenario.patientInfo.age && <span>年龄：{scenario.patientInfo.age}</span>}
+                  {scenario.patientInfo.weight && <span>体重：{scenario.patientInfo.weight}kg</span>}
+                  {scenario.patientInfo.renalFunction && <span>肾功能：{scenario.patientInfo.renalFunction}</span>}
+                  {scenario.patientInfo.allergies && <span>过敏史：{scenario.patientInfo.allergies}</span>}
+                </div>
+              )}
+              {scenario.medications && (
+                <div className="mt-3 flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
+                  {(Array.isArray(scenario.medications) ? scenario.medications : []).map((m: any, i: number) => (
+                    <Badge key={i} variant="muted">
+                      {typeof m === "string" ? m : m.name ?? JSON.stringify(m)}
+                    </Badge>
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            {!result && (
+              <div className="space-y-3">
+                <div>
+                  <Label>你的答案</Label>
+                  <Textarea
+                    rows={3}
+                    value={answer}
+                    onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+                    placeholder="写出你的计算过程、判断结果或处方修改建议…"
+                  />
+                </div>
+                <Button
+                  disabled={busy || !answer}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    run(
+                      () =>
+                        medicationApi.submitAnswer(scenario.id ?? "current", { answer }),
+                      (v: any) => setResult(v),
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  提交答案
+                </Button>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {busy && <Loading />}
+            {error && scenario && (
+              <div className="mt-4"><ErrorBanner message={error} /></div>
+            )}
+
+            {result && (
+              <div className="mt-4 space-y-4">
+                <div
+                  className={cn(
+                    "flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-3 text-sm",
+                    result.correct
+                      ? "bg-success/12 text-success"
+                      : "bg-destructive/12 text-destructive",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  {result.correct ? (
+                    <><CheckCircle2 className="size-5" /> 回答正确</>
+                  ) : (
+                    <><AlertTriangle className="size-5" /> 回答有误</>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+
+                {result.correctAnswer && (
+                  <div className="rounded-lg bg-muted/50 p-4">
+                    <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">正确答案</p>
+                    <p className="text-sm text-foreground">{result.correctAnswer}</p>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
+                {result.explanation && (
+                  <div className="rounded-lg border border-border p-4">
+                    <p className="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground">解析</p>
+                    <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground/80">{result.explanation}</p>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
+                {result.relatedKnowledge && (
+                  <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                    {(Array.isArray(result.relatedKnowledge) ? result.relatedKnowledge : []).map((k: any, i: number) => (
+                      <span key={i} className="rounded-md border border-primary/30 bg-primary/5 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs text-primary">
+                        {typeof k === "string" ? k : k.topic ?? JSON.stringify(k)}
+                      </span>
+                    ))}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
+                <Button
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    setScenario(null);
+                    setResult(null);
+                    setAnswer("");
+                  }}
+                >
+                  继续练习
+                </Button>
+
+                <RawDetails data={result} />
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {history.length > 0 && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>练习记录（{history.length}）</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <ul className="space-y-2">
+              {history.map((h: any, i: number) => (
+                <li key={h.id ?? i} className="flex items-center justify-between rounded-lg border border-border p-3">
+                  <div>
+                    <p className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+                      {h.question?.slice(0, 60) ?? `练习 ${i + 1}`}
+                    </p>
+                    <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      {h.category && (CATEGORIES.find((c) => c.value === h.category)?.label ?? h.category)}
+                      {h.timestamp && ` · ${h.timestamp}`}
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                  <Badge variant={h.correct ? "success" : "destructive"}>
+                    {h.correct ? "正确" : "错误"}
+                  </Badge>
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8718feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import {
+  BookOpen,
+  GraduationCap,
+  Layers,
+  Sparkles,
+  TrendingUp,
+  Zap,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+import { GroupedFeatureGrid } from "@/components/feature-grid";
+import { QuickActions } from "@/components/quick-actions";
+import { StatCard } from "@/components/display";
+import { WelcomeBanner } from "@/components/welcome-banner";
+import { SkeletonStats } from "@/components/skeletons";
+import { STUDENT_NAV, STUDENT_NAV_GROUPS } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { learningSpaceApi, profileApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+export default function StudentHome() {
+  const { data: achievements } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["achievements", "", 1],
+    queryFn: () => learningSpaceApi.listAchievements({ page: 1, pageSize: 10 }),
+  });
+
+  const { data: profile, isLoading: profileLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["profile"],
+    queryFn: () => profileApi.generate(),
+  });
+
+  const totalAchievements = achievements?.total ?? 0;
+  const dims = profile?.dimensions ?? [];
+  const scored = dims
+    .map((d) => (typeof d.score === "number" ? d.score : Number(d.score)))
+    .filter((n) => !Number.isNaN(n));
+  const avgScore = scored.length
+    ? Math.round(scored.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / scored.length)
+    : null;
+  const dimensionCount = dims.length;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      {/* Simplified banner */}
+      <WelcomeBanner
+        title="学习中心"
+        description="管理学业档案，追踪能力成长。"
+        icon={<GraduationCap />}
+      />
+
+      {/* Stats overview */}
+      <section>
+        {profileLoading ? (
+          <SkeletonStats count={4} />
+        ) : (
+          <div className="stagger grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-4">
+            <StatCard
+              label="学业记录"
+              value={totalAchievements}
+              icon={<BookOpen className="size-4" />}
+              hint="累计记录"
+              tone="primary"
+            />
+            <StatCard
+              label="能力维度"
+              value={dimensionCount || "—"}
+              icon={<Layers className="size-4" />}
+              hint="画像覆盖"
+              tone="success"
+            />
+            <StatCard
+              label="综合能力分"
+              value={avgScore == null ? "—" : avgScore}
+              icon={<TrendingUp className="size-4" />}
+              hint={avgScore == null ? "数据不足" : "六维均值"}
+              tone="warning"
+            />
+            <StatCard
+              label="可用模块"
+              value={STUDENT_NAV.filter((n) => n.desc).length}
+              icon={<Sparkles className="size-4" />}
+              hint="学习功能"
+              tone="primary"
+            />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </section>
+
+      {/* Quick actions - one row */}
+      <section>
+        <div className="mb-3 flex items-center gap-2">
+          <Zap className="size-4 text-primary" />
+          <h2 className="text-sm font-bold tracking-wide text-foreground">快捷入口</h2>
+        </div>
+        <QuickActions />
+      </section>
+
+      {/* Grouped feature modules */}
+      <section>
+        <GroupedFeatureGrid groups={STUDENT_NAV_GROUPS} />
+      </section>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/practice/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/practice/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53974e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/practice/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 课程对练：输入课程标识 → 生成题目 → 查看可对练题目 → 发起对练逐题作答 → 结束生成报告。
+ */
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { GraduationCap } from "lucide-react";
+
+import {
+  CredibilityBadge,
+  RawDetails,
+  ScoreBar,
+  StatTile,
+} from "@/components/display";
+import { RadialProgress } from "@/components/charts";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardContent,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { practiceApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type { AnswerResult, PracticeReport } from "@/lib/types";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+export default function PracticePage() {
+  const [courseId, setCourseId] = useState("");
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [questions, setQuestions] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [session, setSession] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
+  const [lastResult, setLastResult] = useState<AnswerResult | null>(null);
+  const [report, setReport] = useState<PracticeReport | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      const v = await fn();
+      after?.(v);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "操作失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const currentQuestion: any =
+    session?.questions?.[session?.currentIndex ?? 0] ??
+    session?.currentQuestion ??
+    null;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<GraduationCap className="size-5" />}
+        title="医学题库"
+        description="基于教学大纲智能出题，在线作答并获得知识薄弱点分析与能力报告。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "输入课程标识", detail: "如「内科学101」，定位要对练的课程。" },
+          { title: "生成或查看题目", detail: "「生成题目」按课程内容出题，或「查看可对练题目」加载已有题。" },
+          { title: "发起对练并作答", detail: "点击「发起对练」，逐题输入答案（选择题填选项字母）。" },
+          { title: "结束生成报告", detail: "完成后「结束并生成报告」，查看正确率、薄弱环节与改进建议。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="作答有计时，超时将判错；报告中的薄弱环节会回流到你的胜任力画像。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>选择课程</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-3">
+            <div className="min-w-[220px] flex-1">
+              <Label>课程标识</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={courseId}
+                onChange={(e) => setCourseId(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="如：内科学101"
+              />
+            </div>
+            <Button
+              disabled={!courseId || busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => practiceApi.generateQuestions(courseId, {}),
+                  (v: any) => setQuestions(v?.questions ?? v?.items ?? []),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              生成题目
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              disabled={!courseId || busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => practiceApi.listAvailableQuestions(courseId),
+                  (v: any) => setQuestions(Array.isArray(v) ? v : []),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              查看可对练题目
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              disabled={!courseId || busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => practiceApi.startSession(courseId),
+                  (v: any) => {
+                    setSession(v);
+                    setReport(null);
+                    setLastResult(null);
+                  },
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              发起对练
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+          {error && (
+            <div className="mt-4">
+              <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {busy && <Loading />}
+
+      {questions.length > 0 && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>题目（{questions.length}）</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <ul className="space-y-3">
+              {questions.map((q: any, i: number) => (
+                <li key={q.id ?? i} className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3">
+                  <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+                    <p className="text-sm text-foreground">
+                      {i + 1}. {q.stem ?? q.title ?? q.content ?? "（题干）"}
+                    </p>
+                    {q.reviewStatus && (
+                      <Badge variant="warning">
+                        {q.reviewStatus === "pending" ? "待审核" :
+                         q.reviewStatus === "approved" ? "已通过" :
+                         q.reviewStatus === "returned" ? "已退回" :
+                         q.reviewStatus}
+                      </Badge>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                  {Array.isArray(q.options) && (
+                    <ul className="mt-2 space-y-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      {q.options.map((o: any, oi: number) => (
+                        <li key={oi}>
+                          {o.key ?? String.fromCharCode(65 + oi)}.{" "}
+                          {o.text ?? o.label ?? String(o)}
+                        </li>
+                      ))}
+                    </ul>
+                  )}
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {session && !report && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>进行对练</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            {currentQuestion ? (
+              <div className="space-y-3">
+                <p className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+                  {currentQuestion.stem ??
+                    currentQuestion.title ??
+                    currentQuestion.content ??
+                    "当前题目"}
+                </p>
+                {Array.isArray(currentQuestion.options) && (
+                  <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    {currentQuestion.options.map((o: any, oi: number) => (
+                      <li key={oi}>
+                        {o.key ?? String.fromCharCode(65 + oi)}.{" "}
+                        {o.text ?? o.label ?? String(o)}
+                      </li>
+                    ))}
+                  </ul>
+                )}
+                <Textarea
+                  rows={3}
+                  value={answer}
+                  onChange={(e) => setAnswer(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder="输入你的作答（选择题填选项字母，分析题填要点）"
+                />
+                <div className="flex gap-3">
+                  <Button
+                    disabled={busy || !answer}
+                    onClick={() =>
+                      run(
+                        () =>
+                          practiceApi.submitAnswer(session.id, {
+                            questionId:
+                              currentQuestion.id ?? currentQuestion.questionId,
+                            answer,
+                          }),
+                        (v: any) => {
+                          setLastResult(v);
+                          setAnswer("");
+                          if (v?.session) setSession(v.session);
+                        },
+                      )
+                    }
+                  >
+                    提交作答
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    disabled={busy}
+                    onClick={() =>
+                      run(
+                        () => practiceApi.finishSession(session.id),
+                        (v: any) => setReport(v),
+                      )
+                    }
+                  >
+                    结束并生成报告
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            ) : (
+              <EmptyState message="本次对练暂无可作答题目，可直接结束生成报告。" />
+            )}
+
+            {lastResult && (
+              <div className="mt-4">
+                <div
+                  className={`flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-3 text-sm ${
+                    lastResult.correct
+                      ? "bg-success/12 text-success"
+                      : "bg-destructive/12 text-destructive"
+                  }`}
+                >
+                  <span className="font-medium">
+                    {lastResult.correct ? "✓ 回答正确" : "✗ 回答错误"}
+                  </span>
+                  {lastResult.timedOut && <Badge variant="warning">超时判错</Badge>}
+                  <span className="ml-auto text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    用时 {(lastResult.elapsedMs / 1000).toFixed(1)} 秒
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+                {lastResult.next && (
+                  <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    下一题：第 {lastResult.next.position} / {lastResult.next.total} 题
+                  </p>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {report && <PracticeReportView report={report} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 对练报告：正确率、用时、能力标签统计、薄弱环节与改进建议。 */
+function PracticeReportView({ report }: { report: PracticeReport }) {
+  return (
+    <Card>
+      <CardHeader>
+        <CardTitle>对练报告</CardTitle>
+      </CardHeader>
+      <CardContent>
+        <div className="flex flex-col gap-5 sm:flex-row sm:items-center">
+          <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center justify-center">
+            <RadialProgress
+              value={report.accuracy}
+              size={120}
+              label={`${report.accuracy.toFixed(0)}%`}
+              sublabel="正确率"
+              tone={report.accuracy >= 60 ? "success" : "destructive"}
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div className="grid flex-1 grid-cols-3 gap-3">
+            <StatTile label="题目总数" value={report.totalQuestions} />
+            <StatTile
+              label="正确 / 错误"
+              value={`${report.correctCount}/${report.incorrectCount}`}
+            />
+            <StatTile
+              label="总用时"
+              value={`${report.totalTimeSeconds}s`}
+              tone="primary"
+            />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        {report.tagBreakdown?.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="mt-5">
+            <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+              能力标签正确率
+            </h3>
+            <div className="space-y-2">
+              {report.tagBreakdown.map((t) => (
+                <ScoreBar
+                  key={t.tagId}
+                  label={`${t.tagId}（${t.correctCount}/${t.totalQuestions}）`}
+                  score={t.correctnessRate}
+                  tone={t.correctnessRate >= 60 ? "success" : "destructive"}
+                />
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {report.weakAreas?.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="mt-5">
+            <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+              薄弱环节（正确率 &lt; 60%）
+            </h3>
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+              {report.weakAreas.map((w) => (
+                <Badge key={w.tagId} variant="destructive">
+                  {w.tagName ?? w.tagId}（{w.correctnessRate.toFixed(0)}%）
+                </Badge>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {report.suggestions?.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="mt-5">
+            <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">改进建议</h3>
+            <ul className="space-y-3">
+              {report.suggestions.map((s, i) => (
+                <li key={i} className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3">
+                  <p className="text-sm text-foreground">{s.content}</p>
+                  <div className="mt-2">
+                    <CredibilityBadge annotation={s.annotation} />
+                  </div>
+                </li>
+              ))}
+            </ul>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        <RawDetails data={report} />
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/profile/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/profile/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4fd542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/profile/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 能力画像：生成/刷新六维度画像，雷达图 + 条形可视化展示。 */
+
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { RefreshCw, Sparkles } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { RadarChart, type RadarAxis } from "@/components/charts";
+import { EmptyState, ErrorBanner, PageHeading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { SkeletonBars } from "@/components/skeletons";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { profileApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import { DIMENSION_LABELS } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+export default function ProfilePage() {
+  const { data: profile, isLoading, error, isFetching, refetch } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["profile"],
+    queryFn: () => profileApi.generate(),
+  });
+
+  const dims = profile?.dimensions ?? [];
+  const radarAxes: RadarAxis[] = dims.map((d) => {
+    const num = typeof d.score === "number" ? d.score : Number(d.score);
+    return {
+      label: d.dimensionName ?? DIMENSION_LABELS[d.dimension] ?? d.dimension,
+      value: Number.isNaN(num) ? null : Math.max(0, Math.min(100, num)),
+    };
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Sparkles className="size-5" />}
+        title="胜任力画像"
+        description="基于医学教育胜任力框架，从学业成果中生成六维度能力量化画像。"
+        actions={
+          <Button
+            variant="outline"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={() => refetch()}
+            disabled={isFetching}
+          >
+            <RefreshCw className={cn(isFetching && "animate-spin")} />
+            刷新画像
+          </Button>
+        }
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "录入学业成果", detail: "画像基于「成长档案」的数据生成，数据越全画像越准。" },
+          { title: "查看雷达图", detail: "左侧雷达图直观呈现六维度能力的整体形状。" },
+          { title: "查看维度明细", detail: "右侧条形展示每个维度分值，「数据不足」表示样本太少。" },
+          { title: "刷新画像", detail: "录入新成果后点右上角「刷新画像」重新计算。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="标记「敏感」的维度仅本人与授权导师可见，导师查看时会自动脱敏。"
+      />
+
+      {isLoading ? (
+        <Card>
+          <CardContent className="pt-5">
+            <SkeletonBars rows={6} />
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      ) : error ? (
+        <ErrorBanner message={error instanceof ApiError ? error.message : "加载失败"} />
+      ) : dims.length === 0 ? (
+        <Card>
+          <CardContent className="pt-5">
+            <EmptyState message="暂无足够数据生成画像，先在成长档案录入学业成果。" />
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      ) : (
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-5">
+          {/* 雷达图 */}
+          <Card className="animate-fade-in-up lg:col-span-2">
+            <CardHeader>
+              <CardTitle>能力雷达</CardTitle>
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent className="flex items-center justify-center pb-6">
+              {radarAxes.length >= 3 ? (
+                <RadarChart axes={radarAxes} />
+              ) : (
+                <p className="py-10 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                  维度不足，无法绘制雷达图。
+                </p>
+              )}
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+
+          {/* 条形明细 */}
+          <Card className="animate-fade-in-up lg:col-span-3">
+            <CardHeader>
+              <CardTitle>六维度能力概览</CardTitle>
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent className="pb-5">
+              <div className="space-y-4">
+                {dims.map((d) => {
+                  const label =
+                    d.dimensionName ?? DIMENSION_LABELS[d.dimension] ?? d.dimension;
+                  const numericScore =
+                    typeof d.score === "number" ? d.score : Number(d.score);
+                  const insufficient =
+                    d.score === null ||
+                    d.score === undefined ||
+                    d.score === "insufficient_data" ||
+                    Number.isNaN(numericScore);
+                  const score = insufficient ? 0 : numericScore;
+                  return (
+                    <div key={d.dimension}>
+                      <div className="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-2 font-medium text-foreground">
+                          {label}
+                          {d.sensitive && <Badge variant="destructive">敏感</Badge>}
+                        </span>
+                        {insufficient ? (
+                          <Badge variant="warning">数据不足</Badge>
+                        ) : (
+                          <span className="tabular-nums text-muted-foreground">
+                            {score.toFixed(0)}
+                          </span>
+                        )}
+                      </div>
+                      <div className="h-2.5 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-muted">
+                        <div
+                          className={cn(
+                            "h-full origin-left rounded-full",
+                            insufficient ? "bg-warning/60" : "bg-primary",
+                          )}
+                          style={{
+                            width: `${insufficient ? 8 : score}%`,
+                            transition: "width 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)",
+                          }}
+                        />
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  );
+                })}
+              </div>
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/research/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/research/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18d71b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/research/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 研究资料查询：自然语言问题 → 生成检索式 → 在选定来源检索 → 总结 / 生成引用。
+ */
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { Search } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { CredibilityBadge, InfoRow, RawDetails } from "@/components/display";
+import { ErrorBanner, Loading, PageHeading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { researchApi } from "@/lib/services";
+import type { Citation, SearchQuery, Summary } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+const SOURCES: { value: string; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: "PUBMED", label: "PubMed" },
+  { value: "CNKI", label: "中国知网" },
+  { value: "WANFANG", label: "万方数据" },
+  { value: "UPTODATE", label: "UpToDate" },
+  { value: "COCHRANE", label: "Cochrane" },
+];
+
+/** 证据分级 → 配色（越强越绿）。 */
+function evidenceVariant(
+  level: string,
+): "success" | "info" | "warning" | "muted" {
+  if (level.startsWith("1")) return "success";
+  if (level.startsWith("2")) return "info";
+  if (level.startsWith("3") || level === "4") return "warning";
+  return "muted";
+}
+
+export default function ResearchPage() {
+  const [question, setQuestion] = useState("");
+  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState<SearchQuery | null>(null);
+  const [selectedSources, setSelectedSources] = useState<string[]>(["PUBMED"]);
+  const [results, setResults] = useState<any>(null);
+  const [summary, setSummary] = useState<Summary | null>(null);
+  const [citations, setCitations] = useState<Citation[] | null>(null);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  async function run<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, after?: (v: T) => void) {
+    setError(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      after?.(await fn());
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "操作失败");
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const items: any[] = results?.page?.items ?? results?.items ?? [];
+
+  function toggleSource(val: string) {
+    setSelectedSources((prev) =>
+      prev.includes(val) ? prev.filter((x) => x !== val) : [...prev, val],
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Search className="size-5" />}
+        title="循证检索"
+        description="按 PICO 框架将临床问题转为专业检索式，检索医学数据库、总结证据并生成规范引用。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "描述研究问题", detail: "用自然语言输入问题，系统按 PICO 生成专业检索式。" },
+          { title: "选择来源检索", detail: "勾选 PubMed / 中国知网等数据库，点击「检索」获取文献。" },
+          { title: "生成总结", detail: "对检索结果一键总结，结论标注是否已核验与证据分级。" },
+          { title: "生成引用", detail: "按温哥华格式等导出规范引用，便于写作。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="标注「未验证」的结论务必回到原文核对；证据等级越高（1 类）可信度越强。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>① 生成检索式</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="space-y-3">
+            <Textarea
+              rows={2}
+              value={question}
+              onChange={(e) => setQuestion(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="用自然语言描述研究问题，如：他汀类药物对老年冠心病患者二级预防的疗效"
+            />
+            <Button
+              disabled={!question || busy}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () => researchApi.generateSearchQuery({ question }),
+                  (v: any) => {
+                    setSearchQuery(v?.query ?? v);
+                    setResults(null);
+                    setSummary(null);
+                    setCitations(null);
+                  },
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              生成检索式
+            </Button>
+
+            {searchQuery && (
+              <div className="rounded-lg border border-border bg-muted/50 p-4">
+                <p className="mb-2 font-mono text-sm text-primary">
+                  {searchQuery.expression}
+                </p>
+                {searchQuery.meshTerms?.length > 0 && (
+                  <div className="mb-2 flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
+                    {searchQuery.meshTerms.map((m) => (
+                      <Badge key={m} variant="info">
+                        MeSH: {m}
+                      </Badge>
+                    ))}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+                {searchQuery.pico && (
+                  <div className="mt-2 grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-4 text-xs sm:grid-cols-4">
+                    {searchQuery.pico.population && (
+                      <InfoRow label="P 人群">
+                        {searchQuery.pico.population}
+                      </InfoRow>
+                    )}
+                    {searchQuery.pico.intervention && (
+                      <InfoRow label="I 干预">
+                        {searchQuery.pico.intervention}
+                      </InfoRow>
+                    )}
+                    {searchQuery.pico.comparison && (
+                      <InfoRow label="C 对照">
+                        {searchQuery.pico.comparison}
+                      </InfoRow>
+                    )}
+                    {searchQuery.pico.outcome && (
+                      <InfoRow label="O 结局">{searchQuery.pico.outcome}</InfoRow>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+                {searchQuery.rationale && (
+                  <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    {searchQuery.rationale}
+                  </p>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      {searchQuery && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>② 检索资料</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="mb-3 flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+              {SOURCES.map((s) => (
+                <button
+                  key={s.value}
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => toggleSource(s.value)}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-xs transition",
+                    selectedSources.includes(s.value)
+                      ? "border-primary bg-primary/10 text-primary"
+                      : "border-input text-muted-foreground hover:bg-muted",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  {s.label}
+                </button>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+            <Button
+              disabled={busy || selectedSources.length === 0}
+              onClick={() =>
+                run(
+                  () =>
+                    researchApi.search({
+                      query: searchQuery,
+                      sources: selectedSources,
+                    }),
+                  (v: any) => setResults(v),
+                )
+              }
+            >
+              检索
+            </Button>
+
+            {results?.empty && (
+              <p className="mt-4 rounded-lg bg-warning/15 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-warning-foreground">
+                {results.notice ?? "未找到匹配资料"}
+              </p>
+            )}
+
+            {items.length > 0 && (
+              <ul className="mt-4 space-y-2">
+                {items.map((it: any, i: number) => (
+                  <li key={it.id ?? i} className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3">
+                    <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+                      <a
+                        href={it.url}
+                        target="_blank"
+                        rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                        className="text-sm font-medium text-primary hover:underline"
+                      >
+                        {it.title}
+                      </a>
+                      {it.source && <Badge variant="info">{it.source}</Badge>}
+                    </div>
+                    {it.authors && (
+                      <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        {Array.isArray(it.authors)
+                          ? it.authors.join(", ")
+                          : it.authors}
+                        {it.publishedAt && ` · ${it.publishedAt}`}
+                      </p>
+                    )}
+                    {it.abstract && (
+                      <p className="mt-1 line-clamp-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                        {it.abstract}
+                      </p>
+                    )}
+                  </li>
+                ))}
+              </ul>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {items.length > 0 && (
+        <Card>
+          <CardHeader>
+            <CardTitle>③ 总结与引用</CardTitle>
+          </CardHeader>
+          <CardContent>
+            <div className="flex gap-3">
+              <Button
+                variant="outline"
+                disabled={busy}
+                onClick={() =>
+                  run(
+                    () => researchApi.summarize({ items }),
+                    (v: Summary) => setSummary(v),
+                  )
+                }
+              >
+                生成总结
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                variant="outline"
+                disabled={busy}
+                onClick={() =>
+                  run(
+                    () =>
+                      researchApi.generateCitation({
+                        items,
+                        format: "VANCOUVER",
+                      }),
+                    (v: Citation[]) => setCitations(v),
+                  )
+                }
+              >
+                生成引用（温哥华格式）
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+
+            {summary && <SummaryView summary={summary} />}
+
+            {citations && citations.length > 0 && (
+              <div className="mt-5">
+                <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+                  引用（{citations.length}）
+                </h3>
+                <ol className="list-inside list-decimal space-y-1.5 text-sm text-foreground/80">
+                  {citations.map((c, i) => (
+                    <li key={c.itemId ?? i}>{c.text}</li>
+                  ))}
+                </ol>
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </CardContent>
+        </Card>
+      )}
+
+      {busy && <Loading />}
+      {error && <ErrorBanner message={error} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 资料总结：结论（含可追溯/未验证）+ 证据分级 + 提示 + 可信度。 */
+function SummaryView({ summary }: { summary: Summary }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="mt-5">
+      <p className="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-warning/15 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-warning-foreground">
+        ⚠️ {summary.notice}
+      </p>
+
+      <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">总结结论</h3>
+      <ul className="space-y-2">
+        {summary.conclusions?.map((c) => (
+          <li key={c.id} className="rounded-lg border border-border p-3 text-sm">
+            <p className="text-foreground">{c.statement}</p>
+            <div className="mt-1.5 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+              {c.verified ? (
+                <Badge variant="success">已核验</Badge>
+              ) : (
+                <Badge variant="destructive">{c.unverifiedLabel ?? "未验证"}</Badge>
+              )}
+              {c.citations?.map((s, i) => (
+                <span key={i} className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  [{s.title ?? s.id}]
+                </span>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+      </ul>
+
+      {summary.gradedItems?.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mt-4">
+          <h3 className="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">证据分级</h3>
+          <ul className="space-y-1.5">
+            {summary.gradedItems.map((g) => (
+              <li
+                key={g.itemId}
+                className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3 text-sm"
+              >
+                <a
+                  href={g.url}
+                  target="_blank"
+                  rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                  className="truncate text-foreground/80 hover:text-primary hover:underline"
+                >
+                  {g.title}
+                </a>
+                <Badge variant={evidenceVariant(g.evidenceLevel)}>
+                  证据等级 {g.evidenceLevel}
+                </Badge>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <div className="mt-4">
+        <CredibilityBadge annotation={summary.annotation} />
+      </div>
+
+      <RawDetails data={summary} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/rotation/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/rotation/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d076bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/rotation/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { CalendarDays, CheckCircle2, Clock, Hospital } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { InfoRow } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Select } from "@/components/ui/select";
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { rotationApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+const DEPTS = [
+  { value: "internal", label: "内科" },
+  { value: "surgery", label: "外科" },
+  { value: "pediatrics", label: "儿科" },
+  { value: "obgyn", label: "妇产科" },
+  { value: "emergency", label: "急诊科" },
+  { value: "orthopedics", label: "骨科" },
+  { value: "neurology", label: "神经内科" },
+  { value: "cardiology", label: "心内科" },
+];
+
+export default function RotationPage() {
+  const [records, setRecords] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const [dept, setDept] = useState("");
+  const [startDate, setStartDate] = useState("");
+  const [endDate, setEndDate] = useState("");
+  const [supervisor, setSupervisor] = useState("");
+  const [notes, setNotes] = useState("");
+  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);
+
+  async function loadRecords() {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const res = await rotationApi.listRecords();
+      setRecords(Array.isArray(res) ? res : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function handleSubmit(e: React.FormEvent) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setSubmitting(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      await rotationApi.addRecord({
+        department: dept,
+        startDate,
+        endDate,
+        supervisor: supervisor || undefined,
+        notes: notes || undefined,
+      });
+      setDept("");
+      setStartDate("");
+      setEndDate("");
+      setSupervisor("");
+      setNotes("");
+      await loadRecords();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "提交失败");
+    } finally {
+      setSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<CalendarDays className="size-5" />}
+        title="轮转见习"
+        description="对接医院轮转安排，记录科室出勤、带教评价与轮转心得。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择科室", detail: "从列表中选择当前或即将轮转的临床科室。" },
+          { title: "填写时间", detail: "输入轮转开始与结束日期，绑定带教导师。" },
+          { title: "记录心得", detail: "随时记录科室学习要点、典型病例与操作体会。" },
+          { title: "查看汇总", detail: "系统自动汇总各科室轮转时长与出勤情况。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="建议每次出科前完成带教评价，评价数据将用于后续胜任力画像的临床能力维度评估。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>新增轮转记录</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
+            <div>
+              <Label>科室</Label>
+              <Select value={dept} onChange={(e) => setDept(e.target.value)} required>
+                <option value="">请选择</option>
+                {DEPTS.map((d) => (
+                  <option key={d.value} value={d.value}>
+                    {d.label}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </Select>
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>带教导师</Label>
+              <Input
+                value={supervisor}
+                onChange={(e) => setSupervisor(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="导师姓名"
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>开始日期</Label>
+              <Input
+                type="date"
+                value={startDate}
+                onChange={(e) => setStartDate(e.target.value)}
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <Label>结束日期</Label>
+              <Input
+                type="date"
+                value={endDate}
+                onChange={(e) => setEndDate(e.target.value)}
+                required
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+              <Label>轮转心得 / 备注</Label>
+              <Textarea
+                value={notes}
+                onChange={(e) => setNotes(e.target.value)}
+                placeholder="记录科室学习要点、典型病例、操作体会等…"
+                rows={3}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-3 sm:col-span-2">
+              <Button type="submit" disabled={submitting}>
+                {submitting ? "提交中…" : "提交记录"}
+              </Button>
+              <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={loadRecords} disabled={loading}>
+                {loading ? "加载中…" : "刷新记录"}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+            {error && (
+              <div className="sm:col-span-2">
+                <ErrorBanner message={error} />
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </form>
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>轮转记录</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loading />
+          ) : records.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyState message="暂无轮转记录，请添加第一条记录。" />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="space-y-3">
+              {records.map((r: any, i: number) => (
+                <div
+                  key={r.id ?? i}
+                  className="flex items-start justify-between rounded-lg border border-border p-4"
+                >
+                  <div className="space-y-1">
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                      <Hospital className="size-4 text-primary" />
+                      <span className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
+                        {DEPTS.find((d) => d.value === r.department)?.label ?? r.department}
+                      </span>
+                      {r.completed && (
+                        <Badge variant="success">
+                          <CheckCircle2 className="mr-1 size-3" /> 已完成
+                        </Badge>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      <span className="flex items-center gap-1">
+                        <Clock className="size-3" />
+                        {r.startDate} ~ {r.endDate}
+                      </span>
+                      {r.supervisor && <span>导师：{r.supervisor}</span>}
+                    </div>
+                    {r.notes && (
+                      <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-foreground/80">{r.notes}</p>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/app/student/skill-video/page.tsx b/web/src/app/student/skill-video/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9208ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/app/student/skill-video/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import {
+  BookOpenText,
+  Play,
+  Star,
+  Video,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+import { ScoreBar } from "@/components/display";
+import {
+  EmptyState,
+  ErrorBanner,
+  Loading,
+  PageHeading,
+} from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { UsageGuide } from "@/components/usage-guide";
+import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api";
+import { skillVideoApi } from "@/lib/services";
+
+const CATEGORIES = [
+  { value: "suture", label: "缝合技术" },
+  { value: "catheter", label: "导尿管置入" },
+  { value: "venipuncture", label: "静脉穿刺" },
+  { value: "intubation", label: "气管插管" },
+  { value: "cpr", label: "心肺复苏" },
+  { value: "physical-exam", label: "体格检查" },
+  { value: "aseptic", label: "无菌操作" },
+  { value: "surgical-scrub", label: "外科刷手" },
+];
+
+export default function SkillVideoPage() {
+  const [videos, setVideos] = useState<any[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
+
+  async function search() {
+    setLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    try {
+      const res = await skillVideoApi.search({ query: query || undefined });
+      setVideos(Array.isArray(res) ? res : []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setError(err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : "加载失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <PageHeading
+        icon={<Video className="size-5" />}
+        title="技能视频"
+        description="手术与操作技能视频学习，支持分段自评与关键点标记。"
+      />
+
+      <UsageGuide
+        steps={[
+          { title: "选择技能类型", detail: "浏览或搜索缝合、穿刺、插管等临床操作视频。" },
+          { title: "观看学习", detail: "视频支持分段播放，关键步骤自动高亮提示。" },
+          { title: "标记要点", detail: "在关键时间点添加个人笔记与操作要点。" },
+          { title: "自我评估", detail: "观看后根据视频标准进行自评，记录能力成长。" },
+        ]}
+        tip="建议结合临床模拟模块进行反复练习，视频学习后尽早到模拟环境或临床场景中实操。"
+      />
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <CardTitle>视频检索</CardTitle>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent>
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+            {CATEGORIES.map((c) => (
+              <Button
+                key={c.value}
+                variant="outline"
+                size="sm"
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setQuery(c.label);
+                  search();
+                }}
+              >
+                {c.label}
+              </Button>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+          <div className="mt-4 flex gap-2">
+            <Input
+              value={query}
+              onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="搜索技能名称，如：清创缝合"
+              className="max-w-md"
+            />
+            <Button onClick={search} disabled={loading}>
+              {loading ? "搜索中…" : "搜索"}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+          {error && <div className="mt-4"><ErrorBanner message={error} /></div>}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        {loading ? (
+          <Loading />
+        ) : videos.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="sm:col-span-2 lg:col-span-3">
+            <EmptyState message="暂无视频记录，请先添加视频或搜索。" />
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          videos.map((v: any, i: number) => (
+            <Card key={v.id ?? i} className="overflow-hidden">
+              <div className="relative aspect-video bg-muted">
+                <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center">
+                  <Button size="icon" variant="secondary" className="rounded-full">
+                    <Play className="size-5" />
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+                {v.duration && (
+                  <Badge variant="secondary" className="absolute bottom-2 right-2">
+                    {v.duration}
+                  </Badge>
+                )}
+              </div>
+              <CardContent className="p-4">
+                <p className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">{v.title ?? `视频 ${i + 1}`}</p>
+                <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  {v.category && (
+                    <Badge variant="outline" className="mr-1">
+                      {CATEGORIES.find((c) => c.value === v.category)?.label ?? v.category}
+                    </Badge>
+                  )}
+                  {v.description}
+                </p>
+                {v.myScore != null && (
+                  <div className="mt-3">
+                    <ScoreBar label="我的自评" score={v.myScore} tone="primary" />
+                  </div>
+                )}
+                <div className="mt-3 flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  <BookOpenText className="size-3" />
+                  {v.noteCount ?? 0} 条笔记
+                  <Star className="ml-2 size-3" />
+                  {v.favorite ? "已收藏" : "未收藏"}
+                </div>
+              </CardContent>
+            </Card>
+          ))
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/charts.tsx b/web/src/components/charts.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4462c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/charts.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 轻量、零依赖的可视化组件（纯 SVG / CSS）。
+ *
+ * 仅覆盖仪表盘所需的环形进度、迷你柱状图、雷达图与火花线，避免引入重型图表库。
+ */
+
+import { useId } from "react";
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/* ------------------------------ 环形进度 ------------------------------ */
+
+export function RadialProgress({
+  value,
+  size = 96,
+  stroke = 9,
+  label,
+  sublabel,
+  tone = "primary",
+}: {
+  /** 0-100 */
+  value: number;
+  size?: number;
+  stroke?: number;
+  label?: ReactNode;
+  sublabel?: ReactNode;
+  tone?: "primary" | "success" | "warning" | "destructive";
+}) {
+  const v = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, value));
+  const r = (size - stroke) / 2;
+  const c = 2 * Math.PI * r;
+  const offset = c - (v / 100) * c;
+  const toneColor: Record<string, string> = {
+    primary: "var(--primary)",
+    success: "var(--success)",
+    warning: "var(--warning)",
+    destructive: "var(--destructive)",
+  };
+  return (
+    <div className="relative inline-flex items-center justify-center" style={{ width: size, height: size }}>
+      <svg width={size} height={size} className="-rotate-90">
+        <circle
+          cx={size / 2}
+          cy={size / 2}
+          r={r}
+          fill="none"
+          stroke="var(--muted)"
+          strokeWidth={stroke}
+        />
+        <circle
+          cx={size / 2}
+          cy={size / 2}
+          r={r}
+          fill="none"
+          stroke={toneColor[tone]}
+          strokeWidth={stroke}
+          strokeLinecap="round"
+          strokeDasharray={c}
+          strokeDashoffset={offset}
+          style={{ transition: "stroke-dashoffset 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)" }}
+        />
+      </svg>
+      <div className="absolute inset-0 flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-center">
+        {label !== undefined ? (
+          <span className="text-lg font-semibold tabular-nums text-foreground">{label}</span>
+        ) : (
+          <span className="text-lg font-semibold tabular-nums text-foreground">{v.toFixed(0)}%</span>
+        )}
+        {sublabel && <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">{sublabel}</span>}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------ 迷你柱状图 ------------------------------ */
+
+export interface BarDatum {
+  label: string;
+  value: number;
+  /** 0-100 比例直接给出时优先使用 */
+  ratio?: number;
+}
+
+export function MiniBars({
+  data,
+  tone = "primary",
+  className,
+}: {
+  data: BarDatum[];
+  tone?: "primary" | "success" | "warning";
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  const max = Math.max(1, ...data.map((d) => d.value));
+  const toneClass: Record<string, string> = {
+    primary: "bg-primary",
+    success: "bg-success",
+    warning: "bg-warning",
+  };
+  return (
+    <div className={cn("flex h-32 items-end gap-2", className)}>
+      {data.map((d, i) => {
+        const pct = d.ratio ?? (d.value / max) * 100;
+        return (
+          <div key={i} className="flex flex-1 flex-col items-center gap-1.5">
+            <div className="flex w-full flex-1 items-end">
+              <div
+                className={cn("w-full rounded-t-md", toneClass[tone])}
+                style={{
+                  height: `${Math.max(4, pct)}%`,
+                  transition: "height 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)",
+                }}
+                title={`${d.label}: ${d.value}`}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <span className="max-w-full truncate text-[10px] text-muted-foreground" title={d.label}>
+              {d.label}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        );
+      })}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------ 雷达图 ------------------------------ */
+
+export interface RadarAxis {
+  label: string;
+  /** 0-100，null 表示数据不足 */
+  value: number | null;
+}
+
+export function RadarChart({
+  axes,
+  size = 240,
+  className,
+}: {
+  axes: RadarAxis[];
+  size?: number;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  const gradientId = useId();
+  const cx = size / 2;
+  const cy = size / 2;
+  const radius = size / 2 - 34;
+  const n = axes.length;
+
+  if (n < 3) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const angleAt = (i: number) => (Math.PI * 2 * i) / n - Math.PI / 2;
+  const pointAt = (i: number, ratio: number) => {
+    const a = angleAt(i);
+    return [cx + Math.cos(a) * radius * ratio, cy + Math.sin(a) * radius * ratio] as const;
+  };
+
+  const rings = [0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1];
+  const valuePoints = axes.map((ax, i) => pointAt(i, ax.value == null ? 0 : ax.value / 100));
+  const polygon = valuePoints.map((p) => p.join(",")).join(" ");
+
+  return (
+    <svg
+      viewBox={`0 0 ${size} ${size}`}
+      className={cn("h-auto w-full max-w-[280px]", className)}
+      role="img"
+    >
+      <defs>
+        <radialGradient id={gradientId}>
+          <stop offset="0%" stopColor="var(--primary)" stopOpacity="0.35" />
+          <stop offset="100%" stopColor="var(--primary)" stopOpacity="0.12" />
+        </radialGradient>
+      </defs>
+
+      {/* 网格环 */}
+      {rings.map((ring, ri) => (
+        <polygon
+          key={ri}
+          points={axes.map((_, i) => pointAt(i, ring).join(",")).join(" ")}
+          fill="none"
+          stroke="var(--border)"
+          strokeWidth={1}
+        />
+      ))}
+
+      {/* 轴线 */}
+      {axes.map((_, i) => {
+        const [x, y] = pointAt(i, 1);
+        return <line key={i} x1={cx} y1={cy} x2={x} y2={y} stroke="var(--border)" strokeWidth={1} />;
+      })}
+
+      {/* 数据多边形 */}
+      <polygon
+        points={polygon}
+        fill={`url(#${gradientId})`}
+        stroke="var(--primary)"
+        strokeWidth={2}
+        strokeLinejoin="round"
+        style={{ transition: "all 0.6s ease-out" }}
+      />
+
+      {/* 数据点 */}
+      {valuePoints.map((p, i) =>
+        axes[i].value == null ? null : (
+          <circle key={i} cx={p[0]} cy={p[1]} r={3} fill="var(--primary)" />
+        ),
+      )}
+
+      {/* 轴标签 */}
+      {axes.map((ax, i) => {
+        const [x, y] = pointAt(i, 1.16);
+        return (
+          <text
+            key={i}
+            x={x}
+            y={y}
+            textAnchor="middle"
+            dominantBaseline="middle"
+            className="fill-muted-foreground"
+            style={{ fontSize: 10 }}
+          >
+            {ax.label}
+          </text>
+        );
+      })}
+    </svg>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/display.tsx b/web/src/components/display.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f33a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/display.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 跨页面复用的「领域数据展示」组件。
+ *
+ * 将后端返回的结构化结果（评分、可信度标注、能力差距、证据分级等）渲染为统一样式的
+ * 可读 UI。组件均为纯展示、对缺失字段做防御性处理。
+ */
+
+import { CheckCircle2, ShieldAlert } from "lucide-react";
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+
+import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/** "数据不足"标记（与后端 INSUFFICIENT_DATA / 'insufficient_data' 对齐）。 */
+const INSUFFICIENT = "insufficient_data";
+
+/** 判断一个分值是否为"数据不足"。 */
+export function isInsufficient(score: unknown): boolean {
+  return (
+    score === null ||
+    score === undefined ||
+    score === INSUFFICIENT ||
+    score === "no_data" ||
+    (typeof score === "string" && Number.isNaN(Number(score)))
+  );
+}
+
+type Tone = "primary" | "success" | "warning" | "destructive";
+
+const BAR_TONES: Record<Tone, string> = {
+  primary: "bg-primary",
+  success: "bg-success",
+  warning: "bg-warning",
+  destructive: "bg-destructive",
+};
+
+/** 0-100 分值条；支持"数据不足"。 */
+export function ScoreBar({
+  label,
+  score,
+  required,
+  tone = "primary",
+}: {
+  label: ReactNode;
+  score: number | string | null | undefined;
+  /** 可选：目标/要求水平，渲染为参考刻度线。 */
+  required?: number;
+  tone?: Tone;
+}) {
+  const insufficient = isInsufficient(score);
+  const value = insufficient ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.min(100, Number(score)));
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div className="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+        <span className="font-medium text-foreground">{label}</span>
+        {insufficient ? (
+          <Badge variant="warning">数据不足</Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <span className="tabular-nums text-muted-foreground">
+            {value.toFixed(0)}
+            {typeof required === "number" && (
+              <span className="text-muted-foreground/60"> / 目标 {required}</span>
+            )}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      <div className="relative h-2.5 w-full overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-muted">
+        <div
+          className={cn(
+            "h-full rounded-full transition-all",
+            insufficient ? "bg-warning/60" : BAR_TONES[tone],
+          )}
+          style={{ width: `${insufficient ? 8 : value}%` }}
+        />
+        {typeof required === "number" && !insufficient && (
+          <span
+            className="absolute top-0 h-full w-0.5 bg-foreground/50"
+            style={{ left: `${Math.min(100, required)}%` }}
+            title={`目标水平 ${required}`}
+          />
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 来源引用条目（可信度标注中的 sources）。 */
+interface SourceRefLike {
+  id?: string;
+  title?: string;
+  citation?: string;
+}
+
+/** 可信度标注：来源 + 置信度 + 是否经核验。 */
+export function CredibilityBadge({
+  annotation,
+}: {
+  annotation?: {
+    sources?: SourceRefLike[];
+    confidence?: number;
+    verified?: boolean;
+  } | null;
+}) {
+  if (!annotation) return null;
+  const { sources = [], confidence, verified } = annotation;
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-border bg-muted/40 p-3">
+      <div className="mb-2 flex items-center gap-2">
+        {verified ? (
+          <Badge variant="success">
+            <CheckCircle2 /> 已核验
+          </Badge>
+        ) : (
+          <Badge variant="destructive">
+            <ShieldAlert /> 未经核验
+          </Badge>
+        )}
+        {typeof confidence === "number" && (
+          <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            置信度 {confidence.toFixed(0)}%
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {sources.length > 0 ? (
+        <ul className="space-y-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+          {sources.map((s, i) => (
+            <li key={s.id ?? i}>
+              · {s.title ?? s.id}
+              {s.citation && (
+                <span className="text-muted-foreground/70">（{s.citation}）</span>
+              )}
+            </li>
+          ))}
+        </ul>
+      ) : (
+        <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground/70">无可追溯来源</p>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+const TILE_TONES: Record<Tone | "muted", string> = {
+  primary: "text-primary",
+  success: "text-success",
+  warning: "text-warning-foreground",
+  destructive: "text-destructive",
+  muted: "text-foreground",
+};
+
+/** 统计数字小卡。 */
+export function StatTile({
+  label,
+  value,
+  tone = "muted",
+}: {
+  label: ReactNode;
+  value: ReactNode;
+  tone?: Tone | "muted";
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-lg border border-border bg-card p-4 text-center">
+      <p className={cn("text-2xl font-semibold tabular-nums", TILE_TONES[tone])}>
+        {value}
+      </p>
+      <p className="mt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{label}</p>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+const STAT_ACCENTS: Record<Tone, { ring: string; chip: string }> = {
+  primary: { ring: "ring-primary/15", chip: "bg-primary/10 text-primary" },
+  success: { ring: "ring-success/15", chip: "bg-success/12 text-success" },
+  warning: { ring: "ring-warning/20", chip: "bg-warning/15 text-warning-foreground" },
+  destructive: {
+    ring: "ring-destructive/15",
+    chip: "bg-destructive/12 text-destructive",
+  },
+};
+
+/** 仪表盘统计卡：图标 + 数值 + 说明 +（可选）趋势。 */
+export function StatCard({
+  label,
+  value,
+  icon,
+  hint,
+  trend,
+  tone = "primary",
+  className,
+}: {
+  label: ReactNode;
+  value: ReactNode;
+  icon?: ReactNode;
+  hint?: ReactNode;
+  trend?: { value: string; direction: "up" | "down" | "flat" };
+  tone?: Tone;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  const accent = STAT_ACCENTS[tone];
+  const trendColor =
+    trend?.direction === "up"
+      ? "text-success"
+      : trend?.direction === "down"
+        ? "text-destructive"
+        : "text-muted-foreground";
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "group relative overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-card p-4 ring-1 transition-all duration-300 hover:-translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-lg",
+        accent.ring,
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-2">
+        <div className="min-w-0">
+          <p className="truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground">{label}</p>
+          <p className="mt-1 text-2xl font-semibold tabular-nums text-foreground">
+            {value}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        {icon && (
+          <span
+            className={cn(
+              "flex size-9 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg [&_svg]:size-4.5",
+              accent.chip,
+            )}
+          >
+            {icon}
+          </span>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      <div className="mt-2 flex items-center gap-2">
+        {trend && (
+          <span className={cn("text-xs font-medium tabular-nums", trendColor)}>
+            {trend.direction === "up" ? "↑" : trend.direction === "down" ? "↓" : "→"}{" "}
+            {trend.value}
+          </span>
+        )}
+        {hint && <span className="truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground">{hint}</span>}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 键值信息行。 */
+export function InfoRow({
+  label,
+  children,
+}: {
+  label: string;
+  children: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex gap-3 py-1.5 text-sm">
+      <span className="w-28 shrink-0 text-muted-foreground">{label}</span>
+      <span className="text-foreground">{children}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 可折叠的原始数据（保底查看，默认折叠）。 */
+export function RawDetails({ data }: { data: unknown }) {
+  return (
+    <details className="mt-3">
+      <summary className="cursor-pointer text-xs text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground">
+        查看原始数据
+      </summary>
+      <pre className="scrollbar-thin mt-2 max-h-80 overflow-auto rounded-lg bg-muted/60 p-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+        {JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}
+      </pre>
+    </details>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/feature-grid.tsx b/web/src/components/feature-grid.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9828382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/feature-grid.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"use client";
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { ArrowRight, ArrowUpRight } from "lucide-react";
+
+import type { NavGroup, NavItem } from "@/lib/navigation";
+
+const GROUP_THEME: Record<string, { gradient: string; accent: string; label: string }> = {
+  core:     { gradient: "from-primary/12 to-primary/4", accent: "bg-primary/10 text-primary group-hover:bg-primary group-hover:text-primary-foreground", label: "data" },
+  practice: { gradient: "from-success/12 to-success/4", accent: "bg-success/10 text-success group-hover:bg-success group-hover:text-success-foreground", label: "practice" },
+  advance:  { gradient: "from-chart-4/12 to-chart-4/4", accent: "bg-chart-4/10 text-chart-4 group-hover:bg-chart-4 group-hover:text-white", label: "advance" },
+  insight:  { gradient: "from-chart-3/12 to-chart-3/4", accent: "bg-chart-3/10 text-chart-3 group-hover:bg-chart-3 group-hover:text-white", label: "insight" },
+};
+
+function FeatureCard({ item, groupKey }: { item: NavItem; groupKey: string }) {
+  const Icon = item.icon;
+  const theme = GROUP_THEME[groupKey] ?? GROUP_THEME.core;
+
+  return (
+    <Link
+      href={item.href}
+      className="group relative flex h-full flex-col gap-3 overflow-hidden rounded-2xl bg-card p-5 shadow-sm ring-1 ring-foreground/[0.06] transition-all duration-300 hover:-translate-y-1 hover:shadow-xl hover:ring-primary/30"
+    >
+      <div className={`pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 bg-gradient-to-br ${theme.gradient} opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-300 group-hover:opacity-100`} />
+
+      <div className="relative flex items-center justify-between">
+        <span className={`flex size-11 items-center justify-center rounded-xl transition-colors duration-300 ${theme.accent}`}>
+          <Icon className="size-5" />
+        </span>
+        <ArrowUpRight className="size-4 text-muted-foreground/40 transition-all duration-300 group-hover:translate-x-0.5 group-hover:-translate-y-0.5 group-hover:text-primary" />
+      </div>
+      <div className="relative">
+        <h3 className="text-base font-semibold text-foreground">{item.label}</h3>
+        <p className="mt-1.5 text-sm leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">
+          {item.desc}
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </Link>
+  );
+}
+
+export function FeatureGrid({ items }: { items: NavItem[] }) {
+  const features = items.filter((i) => i.desc);
+  return (
+    <div className="stagger grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      {features.map((f) => (
+        <FeatureCard key={f.href} item={f} groupKey={f.group ?? "core"} />
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+export function GroupedFeatureGrid({ groups }: { groups: NavGroup[] }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-8">
+      {groups.map((g) => (
+        <section key={g.key} className="animate-fade-in-up">
+          <div className="mb-4 flex items-center gap-2">
+            <div className="h-5 w-1 rounded-full bg-primary" />
+            <h2 className="text-sm font-bold tracking-wide text-foreground">{g.label}</h2>
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">({g.items.length})</span>
+            <ArrowRight className="ml-auto size-3.5 text-muted-foreground/50" />
+          </div>
+          <div className="stagger grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+            {g.items.map((item) => (
+              <FeatureCard key={item.href} item={item} groupKey={g.key} />
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        </section>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/feedback.tsx b/web/src/components/feedback.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0916055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/feedback.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"use client";
+
+/** 跨页面复用的加载 / 错误 / 空态等反馈组件。 */
+
+import { AlertCircle, Inbox, Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/** 加载提示。 */
+export function Loading({
+  label = "加载中…",
+  className,
+}: {
+  label?: string;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "flex items-center gap-2 py-6 text-sm text-muted-foreground",
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin text-primary" />
+      {label}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 全屏居中加载（用于路由守卫）。 */
+export function FullPageLoading({ label }: { label?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center gap-3">
+      <Loader2 className="size-7 animate-spin text-primary" />
+      {label && <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{label}</p>}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 错误提示条。 */
+export function ErrorBanner({ message }: { message: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex items-start gap-2 rounded-lg border border-destructive/30 bg-destructive/10 px-4 py-3 text-sm text-destructive">
+      <AlertCircle className="mt-0.5 size-4 shrink-0" />
+      <span>{message}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 空态提示。 */
+export function EmptyState({
+  message,
+  icon,
+}: {
+  message: string;
+  icon?: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-dashed border-border bg-muted/40 px-4 py-10 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+      {icon ?? <Inbox className="size-6 opacity-60" />}
+      <span>{message}</span>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 页面标题区块。 */
+export function PageHeading({
+  title,
+  description,
+  actions,
+  icon,
+}: {
+  title: ReactNode;
+  description?: ReactNode;
+  actions?: ReactNode;
+  icon?: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="animate-fade-in-up flex flex-wrap items-start justify-between gap-3">
+      <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
+        {icon && (
+          <div className="flex size-11 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-xl bg-gradient-to-br from-primary/15 to-primary/5 text-primary ring-1 ring-primary/10">
+            {icon}
+          </div>
+        )}
+        <div>
+          <h1 className="text-xl font-bold tracking-tight text-foreground">
+            {title}
+          </h1>
+          {description && (
+            <p className="mt-1 text-sm leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">{description}</p>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      {actions && <div className="flex items-center gap-2">{actions}</div>}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/layout/app-shell.tsx b/web/src/components/layout/app-shell.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1efae0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/layout/app-shell.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+"use client";
+
+/**
+ * 已认证页面的统一外壳与角色守卫。
+ *
+ * - 非管理端（学生 / 导师）：顶部水平导航，无侧边栏（对齐 GovAi 的 portal 布局）。
+ * - 管理端：顶栏 + 左侧侧边栏（对齐 GovAi 的 admin 布局）。
+ * - 未登录：重定向到 /login；角色不匹配：提示无权访问并提供返回入口。
+ */
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { usePathname, useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useEffect, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+
+import { FullPageLoading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { Header } from "@/components/layout/header";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { ROLE_PORTAL_TITLE, type NavGroup, type NavItem } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { ROLE_LABELS, type Role } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+import { homeForRole, useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+
+/** 校验登录态与角色，返回守卫结果。 */
+function useRoleGuard(requiredRole: Role) {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const isLoading = useAuthStore((s) => s.isLoading);
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isLoading && !user) {
+      router.replace("/login");
+    }
+  }, [isLoading, user, router]);
+
+  return { user, isLoading, router, allowed: !!user && user.role === requiredRole };
+}
+
+/** 角色不匹配时的提示页。 */
+function ForbiddenView({
+  currentRole,
+  requiredRole,
+  onBack,
+}: {
+  currentRole: Role;
+  requiredRole: Role;
+  onBack: () => void;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col">
+      <Header />
+      <div className="flex flex-1 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-4 px-6 text-center">
+        <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-foreground">无权访问</h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+          当前账号角色为「{ROLE_LABELS[currentRole]}」，无法访问
+          {ROLE_PORTAL_TITLE[requiredRole]}。
+        </p>
+        <Button onClick={onBack}>前往我的工作台</Button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * 非管理端外壳：顶部水平导航，主区域全宽。
+ */
+export function PortalShell({
+  requiredRole,
+  nav,
+  groups,
+  children,
+}: {
+  requiredRole: Role;
+  nav: NavItem[];
+  groups?: NavGroup[];
+  children: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  const { user, isLoading, router, allowed } = useRoleGuard(requiredRole);
+
+  if (isLoading) return <FullPageLoading label="正在校验登录态…" />;
+  if (!user) return null;
+  if (!allowed) {
+    return (
+      <ForbiddenView
+        currentRole={user.role}
+        requiredRole={requiredRole}
+        onBack={() => router.replace(homeForRole(user.role))}
+      />
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col bg-background">
+      <Header nav={nav} groups={groups} />
+      <main className="w-full flex-1 px-4 py-6 md:px-8 md:py-8">{children}</main>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * 管理端外壳：顶栏 + 左侧侧边栏。
+ */
+export function AdminShell({
+  requiredRole,
+  nav,
+  children,
+}: {
+  requiredRole: Role;
+  nav: NavItem[];
+  children: ReactNode;
+}) {
+  const { user, isLoading, router, allowed } = useRoleGuard(requiredRole);
+  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const [sidebarOpen, setSidebarOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  // 路由变化时收起移动端侧栏。
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setSidebarOpen(false);
+  }, [pathname]);
+
+  if (isLoading) return <FullPageLoading label="正在校验登录态…" />;
+  if (!user) return null;
+  if (!allowed) {
+    return (
+      <ForbiddenView
+        currentRole={user.role}
+        requiredRole={requiredRole}
+        onBack={() => router.replace(homeForRole(user.role))}
+      />
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex min-h-screen flex-col">
+      <Header onToggleSidebar={() => setSidebarOpen((v) => !v)} />
+      <div className="relative flex flex-1">
+        {sidebarOpen && (
+          <div
+            className="fixed inset-0 z-40 bg-black/40 md:hidden"
+            onClick={() => setSidebarOpen(false)}
+          />
+        )}
+
+        <aside
+          className={cn(
+            "fixed inset-y-[3.5rem] left-0 z-40 w-60 shrink-0 border-r border-sidebar-border bg-sidebar transition-transform duration-200 md:static md:inset-y-0 md:translate-x-0",
+            sidebarOpen ? "translate-x-0" : "-translate-x-full",
+          )}
+        >
+          <div className="border-b border-sidebar-border px-5 py-3">
+            <p className="text-xs font-medium tracking-wide text-muted-foreground">
+              {ROLE_PORTAL_TITLE[requiredRole]}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <nav className="scrollbar-thin space-y-1 overflow-y-auto p-3">
+            {nav.map((item) => {
+              const active =
+                pathname === item.href ||
+                (item.href !== homeForRole(requiredRole) &&
+                  pathname.startsWith(item.href + "/"));
+              const Icon = item.icon;
+              return (
+                <Link
+                  key={item.href}
+                  href={item.href}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "flex items-center gap-2.5 rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-sm transition-colors",
+                    active
+                      ? "bg-sidebar-primary text-sidebar-primary-foreground font-medium shadow-sm"
+                      : "text-sidebar-foreground/80 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  <Icon className="size-4 shrink-0" />
+                  {item.label}
+                </Link>
+              );
+            })}
+          </nav>
+        </aside>
+
+        <main className="min-w-0 flex-1 p-4 md:p-6">{children}</main>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/layout/header.tsx b/web/src/components/layout/header.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c091d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/layout/header.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+"use client";
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { usePathname, useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { ChevronDown, HeartPulse, LogOut, Menu, X } from "lucide-react";
+
+import type { NavGroup, NavItem } from "@/lib/navigation";
+import { ROLE_LABELS } from "@/lib/types";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+import { homeForRole, useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+import { ThemeToggle } from "@/components/theme-toggle";
+
+export function Header({
+  nav,
+  groups,
+  onToggleSidebar,
+}: {
+  nav?: NavItem[];
+  groups?: NavGroup[];
+  onToggleSidebar?: () => void;
+}) {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const logout = useAuthStore((s) => s.logout);
+  const router = useRouter();
+  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const [menuOpen, setMenuOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [mobileNavOpen, setMobileNavOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [openGroup, setOpenGroup] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const navRef = useRef<HTMLElement | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setMobileNavOpen(false);
+    setOpenGroup(null);
+  }, [pathname]);
+
+  // 点击下拉外部时收起分组下拉。
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!openGroup) return;
+    function onDocMouseDown(e: MouseEvent) {
+      if (navRef.current && !navRef.current.contains(e.target as Node)) {
+        setOpenGroup(null);
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener("mousedown", onDocMouseDown);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener("mousedown", onDocMouseDown);
+  }, [openGroup]);
+
+  function handleLogout() {
+    logout();
+    router.replace("/login");
+  }
+
+  const homeHref = user ? homeForRole(user.role) : "/login";
+
+  function isActive(href: string): boolean {
+    if (href === homeHref) return pathname === href;
+    return pathname === href || pathname.startsWith(href + "/");
+  }
+
+  // 分组模式下，顶部仅平铺「无分组」的直链项（如工作台），其余项收纳进分组下拉。
+  const topLinks = groups ? (nav ?? []).filter((n) => !n.group) : (nav ?? []);
+
+  function renderMobileLink(item: NavItem) {
+    const Icon = item.icon;
+    const active = isActive(item.href);
+    return (
+      <Link
+        key={item.href}
+        href={item.href}
+        className={cn(
+          "flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-3 py-2.5 text-sm font-medium transition-colors",
+          active
+            ? "bg-white/15 text-primary-foreground"
+            : "text-primary-foreground/80 hover:bg-white/10 hover:text-primary-foreground",
+        )}
+      >
+        <Icon className="size-4" />
+        {item.label}
+      </Link>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <header className="sticky top-0 z-50 w-full border-b border-white/10 bg-gradient-to-r from-[oklch(0.38_0.10_210)] via-primary to-[oklch(0.46_0.12_195)] shadow-lg shadow-primary/10">
+      <div className="flex h-14 items-center gap-2 px-3 md:gap-4 md:px-6">
+        {onToggleSidebar && (
+          <button
+            className="rounded-md p-1.5 text-primary-foreground/80 hover:bg-white/10 hover:text-primary-foreground md:hidden"
+            onClick={onToggleSidebar}
+            aria-label="切换菜单"
+          >
+            <Menu className="size-5" />
+          </button>
+        )}
+
+        {nav && !onToggleSidebar && (
+          <button
+            className="rounded-md p-1.5 text-primary-foreground/80 hover:bg-white/10 hover:text-primary-foreground md:hidden"
+            onClick={() => setMobileNavOpen((v) => !v)}
+            aria-label="切换菜单"
+          >
+            {mobileNavOpen ? <X className="size-5" /> : <Menu className="size-5" />}
+          </button>
+        )}
+
+        <Link
+          href={homeHref}
+          className="group flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2.5 font-bold text-primary-foreground"
+        >
+          <span className="flex size-8 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-white/15 backdrop-blur-sm transition-transform duration-200 group-hover:scale-105">
+            <HeartPulse className="size-4.5 text-white" />
+          </span>
+          <div className="flex flex-col">
+            <span className="text-sm font-bold tracking-wide leading-tight">AI 学习中心</span>
+            <span className="hidden text-[10px] font-normal leading-tight text-primary-foreground/60 sm:block">
+              医科高校
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        </Link>
+
+        {nav && (
+          <nav
+            ref={navRef}
+            className="hidden items-center gap-0.5 pl-4 md:flex"
+          >
+            {topLinks.map((item) => {
+              const Icon = item.icon;
+              const active = isActive(item.href);
+              return (
+                <Link
+                  key={item.href}
+                  href={item.href}
+                  className={cn(
+                    "relative flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5 text-sm font-medium transition-all duration-200",
+                    active
+                      ? "bg-white/20 text-primary-foreground shadow-sm"
+                      : "text-primary-foreground/75 hover:bg-white/10 hover:text-primary-foreground",
+                  )}
+                >
+                  <Icon className="size-4" />
+                  {item.label}
+                  {active && (
+                    <span className="absolute -bottom-[9px] left-1/2 h-0.5 w-6 -translate-x-1/2 rounded-full bg-white/80" />
+                  )}
+                </Link>
+              );
+            })}
+
+            {groups?.map((group) => {
+              const isOpen = openGroup === group.key;
+              const groupActive = group.items.some((it) => isActive(it.href));
+              return (
+                <div key={group.key} className="relative">
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    onClick={() => setOpenGroup(isOpen ? null : group.key)}
+                    className={cn(
+                      "relative flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5 text-sm font-medium transition-all duration-200",
+                      groupActive || isOpen
+                        ? "bg-white/20 text-primary-foreground shadow-sm"
+                        : "text-primary-foreground/75 hover:bg-white/10 hover:text-primary-foreground",
+                    )}
+                  >
+                    {group.label}
+                    <ChevronDown
+                      className={cn(
+                        "size-3.5 transition-transform duration-200",
+                        isOpen && "rotate-180",
+                      )}
+                    />
+                    {groupActive && (
+                      <span className="absolute -bottom-[9px] left-1/2 h-0.5 w-6 -translate-x-1/2 rounded-full bg-white/80" />
+                    )}
+                  </button>
+
+                  {isOpen && (
+                    <div className="animate-scale-in absolute left-0 top-[calc(100%+0.5rem)] z-50 w-64 overflow-hidden rounded-xl border border-border bg-popover p-1 text-popover-foreground shadow-xl">
+                      {group.items.map((it) => {
+                        const ItIcon = it.icon;
+                        const itActive = isActive(it.href);
+                        return (
+                          <Link
+                            key={it.href}
+                            href={it.href}
+                            onClick={() => setOpenGroup(null)}
+                            className={cn(
+                              "flex items-start gap-2.5 rounded-lg px-3 py-2 transition-colors",
+                              itActive
+                                ? "bg-primary/10 text-primary"
+                                : "text-foreground hover:bg-muted",
+                            )}
+                          >
+                            <ItIcon className="mt-0.5 size-4 shrink-0" />
+                            <span className="flex min-w-0 flex-col">
+                              <span className="text-sm font-medium leading-tight">
+                                {it.label}
+                              </span>
+                              {it.desc && (
+                                <span className="mt-0.5 line-clamp-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                                  {it.desc}
+                                </span>
+                              )}
+                            </span>
+                          </Link>
+                        );
+                      })}
+                    </div>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              );
+            })}
+          </nav>
+        )}
+
+        <div className="relative ml-auto flex items-center gap-2 md:gap-3">
+          {user && (
+            <>
+              <span className="hidden rounded-full bg-white/12 px-2.5 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-medium text-primary-foreground/90 ring-1 ring-white/10 lg:inline">
+                {ROLE_LABELS[user.role]}
+              </span>
+              <ThemeToggle className="hidden sm:flex" />
+              <button
+                onClick={() => setMenuOpen((v) => !v)}
+                onBlur={() => setTimeout(() => setMenuOpen(false), 120)}
+                className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full py-1 pr-1 pl-2 text-primary-foreground transition hover:bg-white/10"
+              >
+                <div className="hidden text-right sm:block">
+                  <p className="text-sm leading-tight font-medium">
+                    {user.username}
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+                <span className="flex size-8 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-gradient-to-br from-white/25 to-white/10 text-sm font-semibold text-white ring-1 ring-white/20">
+                  {user.username.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}
+                </span>
+              </button>
+
+              {menuOpen && (
+                <div className="animate-scale-in absolute top-12 right-0 w-48 overflow-hidden rounded-xl border border-border bg-popover py-1 text-popover-foreground shadow-xl">
+                  <div className="border-b border-border px-3 py-2.5">
+                    <p className="text-sm font-medium">{user.username}</p>
+                    <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      {ROLE_LABELS[user.role]}
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                  <button
+                    onMouseDown={handleLogout}
+                    className="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-3 py-2.5 text-sm text-foreground transition hover:bg-muted"
+                  >
+                    <LogOut className="size-4" />
+                    退出登录
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {nav && !onToggleSidebar && mobileNavOpen && (
+        <div className="animate-fade-in border-t border-white/10 bg-[oklch(0.36_0.10_215)] md:hidden">
+          <nav className="flex flex-col gap-0.5 px-3 py-2">
+            {topLinks.map((item) => renderMobileLink(item))}
+            {groups?.map((group) => (
+              <div key={group.key} className="mt-1.5">
+                <p className="px-3 pt-1 pb-0.5 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-primary-foreground/50">
+                  {group.label}
+                </p>
+                {group.items.map((item) => renderMobileLink(item))}
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </nav>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </header>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/learning-progress.tsx b/web/src/components/learning-progress.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afd352b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/learning-progress.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+"use client";
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { AlertCircle, ArrowRight, Target, TrendingUp } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { RadialProgress } from "@/components/charts";
+import { Card, CardContent } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { DIMENSION_LABELS } from "@/lib/types";
+
+interface LearningProgressProps {
+  dimensions: Array<{
+    dimension: string;
+    dimensionName?: string;
+    score: number | string | null;
+    sensitive?: boolean;
+  }>;
+  totalAchievements: number;
+}
+
+export function LearningProgress({ dimensions, totalAchievements }: LearningProgressProps) {
+  const scored = dimensions
+    .map((d) => (typeof d.score === "number" ? d.score : Number(d.score)))
+    .filter((n) => !Number.isNaN(n));
+  const avgScore = scored.length
+    ? Math.round(scored.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / scored.length)
+    : null;
+
+  const weakest = dimensions
+    .map((d) => ({
+      ...d,
+      num: typeof d.score === "number" ? d.score : Number(d.score),
+    }))
+    .filter((d) => !Number.isNaN(d.num))
+    .sort((a, b) => a.num - b.num)[0];
+
+  return (
+    <Card className="animate-fade-in-up overflow-hidden">
+      <CardContent className="pt-5">
+        {dimensions.length > 0 ? (
+          <div className="space-y-5">
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-5">
+              <RadialProgress
+                value={avgScore ?? 0}
+                size={88}
+                stroke={8}
+                label={avgScore == null ? "—" : avgScore}
+                sublabel="综合分"
+                tone="primary"
+              />
+              <div className="flex-1 space-y-1">
+                <p className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+                  能力综合评分
+                </p>
+                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  已覆盖 {dimensions.length} 个维度 · {totalAchievements} 条学业记录
+                </p>
+                <Link
+                  href="/student/profile"
+                  className="mt-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-primary hover:underline"
+                >
+                  查看完整画像 <ArrowRight className="size-3" />
+                </Link>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-x-6 gap-y-2.5 sm:grid-cols-2">
+              {dimensions.slice(0, 8).map((d) => {
+                const label =
+                  d.dimensionName ?? DIMENSION_LABELS[d.dimension] ?? d.dimension;
+                const num =
+                  typeof d.score === "number" ? d.score : Number(d.score);
+                const insufficient = Number.isNaN(num);
+                const v = insufficient ? 0 : Math.max(0, Math.min(100, num));
+                return (
+                  <div key={d.dimension}>
+                    <div className="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between text-xs">
+                      <span className="font-medium text-foreground/80">{label}</span>
+                      <span className="tabular-nums text-muted-foreground">
+                        {insufficient ? "—" : v.toFixed(0)}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="h-1.5 overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-muted">
+                      <div
+                        className="h-full origin-left rounded-full bg-gradient-to-r from-primary to-primary/70"
+                        style={{
+                          width: `${insufficient ? 4 : v}%`,
+                          transition: "width 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)",
+                        }}
+                      />
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                );
+              })}
+            </div>
+
+            {weakest && (
+              <div className="flex items-start gap-3 rounded-xl bg-muted/50 p-3">
+                <div className="mt-0.5 flex size-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-warning/10">
+                  <Target className="size-4 text-warning" />
+                </div>
+                <div>
+                  <p className="text-xs font-medium text-foreground">待提升维度</p>
+                  <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    <span className="font-medium text-foreground">
+                      {weakest.dimensionName ?? DIMENSION_LABELS[weakest.dimension] ?? weakest.dimension}
+                    </span>{" "}
+                    当前得分 {weakest.num.toFixed(0)}，建议通过针对性训练强化此能力。
+                  </p>
+                  <Link
+                    href="/student/practice"
+                    className="mt-1.5 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-xs font-medium text-primary hover:underline"
+                  >
+                    前往刷题训练 <ArrowRight className="size-3" />
+                  </Link>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-6 text-center">
+            <div className="flex size-12 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-muted">
+              <TrendingUp className="size-5 text-muted-foreground" />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <p className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">暂无画像数据</p>
+              <Link
+                href="/student/learning-space"
+                className="mt-1 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-primary hover:underline"
+              >
+                前往成长档案录入成果 <ArrowRight className="size-3" />
+              </Link>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/providers.tsx b/web/src/components/providers.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2e2bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/providers.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { ThemeProvider } from "next-themes";
+import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+
+import { FullPageLoading } from "@/components/feedback";
+import { useAuthStore } from "@/stores/auth";
+
+/** 初次挂载时还原会话；还原期间显示全屏加载，避免闪烁。 */
+function AuthLoader({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const fetchUser = useAuthStore((s) => s.fetchUser);
+  const isLoading = useAuthStore((s) => s.isLoading);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchUser();
+  }, [fetchUser]);
+
+  if (isLoading) {
+    return <FullPageLoading label="正在校验登录态…" />;
+  }
+
+  return <>{children}</>;
+}
+
+const createQueryClient = () =>
+  new QueryClient({
+    defaultOptions: {
+      queries: {
+        staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+        gcTime: 10 * 60 * 1000,
+        refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
+        retry: 1,
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+export function Providers({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const queryClientRef = useRef<QueryClient | null>(null);
+  if (!queryClientRef.current) {
+    queryClientRef.current = createQueryClient();
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <ThemeProvider attribute="class" defaultTheme="light" enableSystem>
+      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClientRef.current}>
+        <AuthLoader>{children}</AuthLoader>
+      </QueryClientProvider>
+    </ThemeProvider>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/quick-actions.tsx b/web/src/components/quick-actions.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..273f99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/quick-actions.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+"use client";
+
+import Link from "next/link";
+import {
+  Award,
+  BookOpen,
+  BriefcaseMedical,
+  CalendarDays,
+  GraduationCap,
+  Sparkles,
+  Stethoscope,
+  Search,
+  type LucideIcon,
+  Users,
+  Video,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+interface QuickAction {
+  href: string;
+  label: string;
+  sublabel: string;
+  icon: LucideIcon;
+  color: string;
+  bg: string;
+}
+
+const ACTIONS: QuickAction[] = [
+  {
+    href: "/student/learning-space",
+    label: "记录学业",
+    sublabel: "成长档案",
+    icon: BookOpen,
+    color: "text-primary",
+    bg: "bg-primary/10 group-hover:bg-primary group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/practice",
+    label: "刷题训练",
+    sublabel: "医学题库",
+    icon: GraduationCap,
+    color: "text-success",
+    bg: "bg-success/10 group-hover:bg-success group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/clinical",
+    label: "模拟问诊",
+    sublabel: "临床模拟",
+    icon: Stethoscope,
+    color: "text-chart-3",
+    bg: "bg-chart-3/10 group-hover:bg-chart-3 group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/research",
+    label: "文献检索",
+    sublabel: "循证检索",
+    icon: Search,
+    color: "text-warning-foreground",
+    bg: "bg-warning/12 group-hover:bg-warning group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/case-reasoning",
+    label: "病例推演",
+    sublabel: "专业精进",
+    icon: BriefcaseMedical,
+    color: "text-chart-4",
+    bg: "bg-chart-4/10 group-hover:bg-chart-4 group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/profile",
+    label: "胜任力画像",
+    sublabel: "能力评估",
+    icon: Sparkles,
+    color: "text-chart-5",
+    bg: "bg-chart-5/10 group-hover:bg-chart-5 group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/rotation",
+    label: "轮转见习",
+    sublabel: "科室轮转",
+    icon: CalendarDays,
+    color: "text-primary",
+    bg: "bg-primary/10 group-hover:bg-primary group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/skill-video",
+    label: "技能视频",
+    sublabel: "操作学习",
+    icon: Video,
+    color: "text-chart-3",
+    bg: "bg-chart-3/10 group-hover:bg-chart-3 group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/exam-prep",
+    label: "执医备考",
+    sublabel: "资格考试",
+    icon: Award,
+    color: "text-warning-foreground",
+    bg: "bg-warning/12 group-hover:bg-warning group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/academic",
+    label: "学术交流",
+    sublabel: "文献组会",
+    icon: Users,
+    color: "text-chart-4",
+    bg: "bg-chart-4/10 group-hover:bg-chart-4 group-hover:text-white",
+  },
+];
+
+export function QuickActions() {
+  return (
+    <div className="stagger grid grid-cols-3 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-6">
+      {ACTIONS.map((a) => {
+        const Icon = a.icon;
+        return (
+          <Link
+            key={a.href}
+            href={a.href}
+            className="group flex flex-col items-center gap-2.5 rounded-2xl bg-card p-4 ring-1 ring-foreground/[0.06] transition-all duration-300 hover:-translate-y-0.5 hover:shadow-lg hover:ring-primary/25"
+          >
+            <span className={`flex size-12 items-center justify-center rounded-xl transition-all duration-300 ${a.bg}`}>
+              <Icon className="size-5.5" />
+            </span>
+            <div className="text-center">
+              <p className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">{a.label}</p>
+              <p className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">{a.sublabel}</p>
+            </div>
+          </Link>
+        );
+      })}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/skeletons.tsx b/web/src/components/skeletons.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64b7ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/skeletons.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/** 基础骨架块（带微光）。 */
+export function SkeletonBlock({ className }: { className?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "skeleton-shimmer rounded-md bg-muted/70",
+        className,
+      )}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+/** 卡片骨架。 */
+export function SkeletonCard({ className }: { className?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "flex flex-col gap-3 rounded-xl bg-card p-5 ring-1 ring-foreground/10",
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      <SkeletonBlock className="h-4 w-1/3" />
+      <SkeletonBlock className="h-3 w-2/3" />
+      <SkeletonBlock className="h-3 w-1/2" />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 列表骨架（多行）。 */
+export function SkeletonList({ rows = 4 }: { rows?: number }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-3">
+      {Array.from({ length: rows }).map((_, i) => (
+        <div key={i} className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
+          <div className="flex-1 space-y-2">
+            <SkeletonBlock className="h-3.5 w-2/5" />
+            <SkeletonBlock className="h-3 w-1/4" />
+          </div>
+          <SkeletonBlock className="h-5 w-16 rounded-full" />
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 统计卡网格骨架。 */
+export function SkeletonStats({ count = 4 }: { count?: number }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-4">
+      {Array.from({ length: count }).map((_, i) => (
+        <div
+          key={i}
+          className="space-y-2 rounded-xl bg-card p-4 ring-1 ring-foreground/10"
+        >
+          <SkeletonBlock className="h-7 w-1/2" />
+          <SkeletonBlock className="h-3 w-2/3" />
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** 多维评分骨架（条形）。 */
+export function SkeletonBars({ rows = 6 }: { rows?: number }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4">
+      {Array.from({ length: rows }).map((_, i) => (
+        <div key={i} className="space-y-1.5">
+          <div className="flex justify-between">
+            <SkeletonBlock className="h-3.5 w-20" />
+            <SkeletonBlock className="h-3.5 w-8" />
+          </div>
+          <SkeletonBlock className="h-2.5 w-full rounded-full" />
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/theme-toggle.tsx b/web/src/components/theme-toggle.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2d8690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/theme-toggle.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useTheme } from "next-themes";
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { Monitor, Moon, Sun } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+const OPTIONS = [
+  { value: "light", icon: Sun, label: "浅色" },
+  { value: "dark", icon: Moon, label: "深色" },
+  { value: "system", icon: Monitor, label: "跟随系统" },
+] as const;
+
+/** 三态主题切换（浅色 / 深色 / 跟随系统），用于顶栏。 */
+export function ThemeToggle({ className }: { className?: string }) {
+  const { theme, setTheme } = useTheme();
+  const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => setMounted(true), []);
+
+  if (!mounted) {
+    return <div className={cn("h-8 w-[5.25rem] rounded-full bg-white/10", className)} />;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "flex items-center gap-0.5 rounded-full border border-white/20 bg-white/10 p-0.5",
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      {OPTIONS.map((opt) => {
+        const Icon = opt.icon;
+        const active = (theme ?? "system") === opt.value;
+        return (
+          <button
+            key={opt.value}
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => setTheme(opt.value)}
+            aria-label={opt.label}
+            title={opt.label}
+            className={cn(
+              "flex size-7 items-center justify-center rounded-full transition-colors",
+              active
+                ? "bg-white/90 text-primary shadow-sm"
+                : "text-primary-foreground/70 hover:text-primary-foreground",
+            )}
+          >
+            <Icon className="size-3.5" />
+          </button>
+        );
+      })}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/badge.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/badge.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58edc0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/badge.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+const badgeVariants = cva(
+  "inline-flex w-fit shrink-0 items-center justify-center gap-1 rounded-full border border-transparent px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium whitespace-nowrap [&>svg]:size-3 [&>svg]:pointer-events-none",
+  {
+    variants: {
+      variant: {
+        default: "bg-primary text-primary-foreground",
+        secondary: "bg-secondary text-secondary-foreground",
+        outline: "border-border text-foreground",
+        success: "bg-success/15 text-success",
+        warning: "bg-warning/20 text-warning-foreground",
+        destructive: "bg-destructive/12 text-destructive",
+        info: "bg-primary/12 text-primary",
+        muted: "bg-muted text-muted-foreground",
+      },
+    },
+    defaultVariants: {
+      variant: "default",
+    },
+  },
+);
+
+export interface BadgeProps
+  extends React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLSpanElement>,
+    VariantProps<typeof badgeVariants> {}
+
+function Badge({ className, variant, ...props }: BadgeProps) {
+  return (
+    <span
+      data-slot="badge"
+      className={cn(badgeVariants({ variant }), className)}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export { Badge, badgeVariants };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/button.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/button.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d1980c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/button.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+const buttonVariants = cva(
+  "inline-flex shrink-0 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-lg text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-all outline-none select-none focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 active:translate-y-px",
+  {
+    variants: {
+      variant: {
+        default: "bg-primary text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90 shadow-sm",
+        outline:
+          "border border-input bg-background hover:bg-muted hover:text-foreground",
+        secondary:
+          "bg-secondary text-secondary-foreground hover:bg-secondary/80",
+        ghost: "hover:bg-muted hover:text-foreground",
+        destructive:
+          "bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90 shadow-sm",
+        link: "text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline",
+      },
+      size: {
+        default: "h-9 px-4 py-2",
+        sm: "h-8 rounded-md px-3 text-[0.8rem]",
+        lg: "h-10 rounded-lg px-6",
+        icon: "size-9",
+        "icon-sm": "size-8",
+      },
+    },
+    defaultVariants: {
+      variant: "default",
+      size: "default",
+    },
+  },
+);
+
+export interface ButtonProps
+  extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>,
+    VariantProps<typeof buttonVariants> {}
+
+const Button = React.forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
+  ({ className, variant, size, type = "button", ...props }, ref) => {
+    return (
+      <button
+        ref={ref}
+        type={type}
+        data-slot="button"
+        className={cn(buttonVariants({ variant, size, className }))}
+        {...props}
+      />
+    );
+  },
+);
+Button.displayName = "Button";
+
+export { Button, buttonVariants };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/card.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/card.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b0b2c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/card.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+function Card({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="card"
+      className={cn(
+        "flex flex-col gap-4 rounded-xl bg-card py-5 text-sm text-card-foreground shadow-sm ring-1 ring-foreground/10",
+        className,
+      )}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+function CardHeader({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="card-header"
+      className={cn(
+        "flex items-start justify-between gap-3 px-5 [.border-b]:pb-4",
+        className,
+      )}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+function CardTitle({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="card-title"
+      className={cn("text-base leading-snug font-semibold", className)}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+function CardDescription({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="card-description"
+      className={cn("text-sm text-muted-foreground", className)}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+function CardAction({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="card-action"
+      className={cn("shrink-0", className)}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+function CardContent({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return <div data-slot="card-content" className={cn("px-5", className)} {...props} />;
+}
+
+function CardFooter({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="card-footer"
+      className={cn("flex items-center px-5 [.border-t]:pt-4", className)}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export {
+  Card,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardFooter,
+  CardTitle,
+  CardAction,
+  CardDescription,
+  CardContent,
+};
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/input.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/input.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..165ef61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/input.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+function Input({ className, type, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"input">) {
+  return (
+    <input
+      type={type}
+      data-slot="input"
+      className={cn(
+        "h-9 w-full min-w-0 rounded-lg border border-input bg-transparent px-3 py-1 text-sm shadow-sm transition-colors outline-none placeholder:text-muted-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50",
+        className,
+      )}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export { Input };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/label.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/label.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..815ab68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/label.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+function Label({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"label">) {
+  return (
+    <label
+      data-slot="label"
+      className={cn(
+        "mb-1.5 flex items-center gap-1 text-sm font-medium text-foreground select-none",
+        className,
+      )}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export { Label };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/select.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/select.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a8220f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/select.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+import { ChevronDown } from "lucide-react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+/**
+ * 轻量原生 <select> 封装：保留与设计系统一致的样式与右侧箭头。
+ */
+function Select({ className, children, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"select">) {
+  return (
+    <div className="relative">
+      <select
+        data-slot="select"
+        className={cn(
+          "h-9 w-full appearance-none rounded-lg border border-input bg-transparent px-3 pr-9 text-sm shadow-sm transition-colors outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50",
+          className,
+        )}
+        {...props}
+      >
+        {children}
+      </select>
+      <ChevronDown className="pointer-events-none absolute top-1/2 right-3 size-4 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground" />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+export { Select };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/separator.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/separator.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5629cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/separator.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+function Separator({
+  className,
+  orientation = "horizontal",
+  ...props
+}: React.ComponentProps<"div"> & { orientation?: "horizontal" | "vertical" }) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="separator"
+      role="separator"
+      className={cn(
+        "shrink-0 bg-border",
+        orientation === "horizontal" ? "h-px w-full" : "h-full w-px",
+        className,
+      )}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export { Separator };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/skeleton.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/skeleton.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26bc059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/skeleton.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+function Skeleton({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-slot="skeleton"
+      className={cn("animate-pulse rounded-md bg-muted", className)}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export { Skeleton };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83ed167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useTheme } from "next-themes";
+import { Toaster as Sonner, type ToasterProps } from "sonner";
+import {
+  CircleCheckIcon,
+  InfoIcon,
+  TriangleAlertIcon,
+  OctagonXIcon,
+  Loader2Icon,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+const Toaster = ({ ...props }: ToasterProps) => {
+  const { theme = "system" } = useTheme();
+
+  return (
+    <Sonner
+      theme={theme as ToasterProps["theme"]}
+      className="toaster group"
+      icons={{
+        success: <CircleCheckIcon className="size-4" />,
+        info: <InfoIcon className="size-4" />,
+        warning: <TriangleAlertIcon className="size-4" />,
+        error: <OctagonXIcon className="size-4" />,
+        loading: <Loader2Icon className="size-4 animate-spin" />,
+      }}
+      style={
+        {
+          "--normal-bg": "var(--popover)",
+          "--normal-text": "var(--popover-foreground)",
+          "--normal-border": "var(--border)",
+          "--border-radius": "var(--radius)",
+        } as React.CSSProperties
+      }
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+};
+
+export { Toaster };
diff --git a/web/src/components/ui/textarea.tsx b/web/src/components/ui/textarea.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce38d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/ui/textarea.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import * as React from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+function Textarea({ className, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"textarea">) {
+  return (
+    <textarea
+      data-slot="textarea"
+      className={cn(
+        "min-h-16 w-full rounded-lg border border-input bg-transparent px-3 py-2 text-sm shadow-sm transition-colors outline-none placeholder:text-muted-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50",
+        className,
+      )}
+      {...props}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export { Textarea };
diff --git a/web/src/components/usage-guide.tsx b/web/src/components/usage-guide.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65b7a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/usage-guide.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { ChevronDown, Info, Lightbulb } from "lucide-react";
+import { useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+export interface UsageStep {
+  /** 步骤标题（加粗） */
+  title: string;
+  /** 步骤说明 */
+  detail?: ReactNode;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 页面使用说明卡片：编号步骤 + 可选提示，默认展开、可折叠。
+ *
+ * 统一各功能页的「使用说明」呈现，降低上手成本。
+ */
+export function UsageGuide({
+  steps,
+  tip,
+  title = "使用说明",
+  defaultOpen = true,
+  className,
+}: {
+  steps: UsageStep[];
+  tip?: ReactNode;
+  title?: string;
+  defaultOpen?: boolean;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(defaultOpen);
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "animate-fade-in overflow-hidden rounded-xl border border-primary/15 bg-primary/[0.03] transition-colors hover:border-primary/25",
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
+        className="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-4 py-3 text-left"
+        aria-expanded={open}
+      >
+        <span className="flex size-7 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-primary/10 text-primary">
+          <Info className="size-4" />
+        </span>
+        <span className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">{title}</span>
+        <ChevronDown
+          className={cn(
+            "ml-auto size-4 text-muted-foreground transition-transform duration-200",
+            open && "rotate-180",
+          )}
+        />
+      </button>
+
+      {open && (
+        <div className="px-4 pb-4">
+          <ol className="space-y-2.5">
+            {steps.map((s, i) => (
+              <li key={i} className="flex gap-3">
+                <span className="mt-0.5 flex size-5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-primary text-[11px] font-semibold text-primary-foreground tabular-nums">
+                  {i + 1}
+                </span>
+                <div className="text-sm leading-relaxed">
+                  <span className="font-medium text-foreground">{s.title}</span>
+                  {s.detail && (
+                    <span className="text-muted-foreground">
+                      {" — "}
+                      {s.detail}
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ol>
+
+          {tip && (
+            <div className="mt-3 flex items-start gap-2 rounded-lg bg-warning/10 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-warning-foreground">
+              <Lightbulb className="mt-0.5 size-3.5 shrink-0" />
+              <span className="leading-relaxed">{tip}</span>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/components/welcome-banner.tsx b/web/src/components/welcome-banner.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dee407c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/components/welcome-banner.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
+
+export function WelcomeBanner({
+  greeting,
+  title,
+  description,
+  icon,
+  aside,
+  className,
+}: {
+  greeting?: ReactNode;
+  title: ReactNode;
+  description?: ReactNode;
+  icon?: ReactNode;
+  aside?: ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "animate-fade-in-up relative overflow-hidden rounded-2xl bg-gradient-to-br from-[oklch(0.42_0.10_210)] via-primary to-[oklch(0.48_0.13_190)] p-6 text-primary-foreground shadow-lg shadow-primary/15 md:p-8",
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      {/* decorative orbs */}
+      <div className="pointer-events-none absolute -top-20 -right-10 size-64 rounded-full bg-white/8 blur-3xl" />
+      <div className="pointer-events-none absolute -bottom-24 left-1/4 size-56 rounded-full bg-white/5 blur-3xl" />
+      <div className="animate-pulse-soft pointer-events-none absolute top-6 right-1/4 size-3 rounded-full bg-white/25" />
+      <div className="animate-pulse-soft pointer-events-none absolute bottom-8 left-1/6 size-2 rounded-full bg-white/20" style={{ animationDelay: "1s" }} />
+
+      <div className="relative flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-6">
+        <div className="flex items-start gap-4">
+          {icon && (
+            <span className="animate-float flex size-14 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl bg-white/15 shadow-lg shadow-black/5 backdrop-blur-sm [&_svg]:size-7">
+              {icon}
+            </span>
+          )}
+          <div>
+            {greeting && (
+              <p className="text-sm font-medium text-primary-foreground/70">{greeting}</p>
+            )}
+            <h1 className="mt-0.5 text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight md:text-3xl">{title}</h1>
+            {description && (
+              <p className="mt-2 max-w-lg text-sm leading-relaxed text-primary-foreground/80">
+                {description}
+              </p>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        {aside && <div className="shrink-0">{aside}</div>}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/web/src/lib/api.ts b/web/src/lib/api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8342fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/**
+ * 后端 API 调用客户端。
+ *
+ * 统一处理：
+ * - 基础路径：所有请求走 `/api/*`，由 Next.js rewrites 代理到 NestJS（避免跨域）。
+ * - 鉴权：自动附加 `Authorization: Bearer <token>`（token 由 auth store 写入 localStorage）。
+ * - 错误：非 2xx 响应解析后端统一错误体（AppError.toJSON()）并抛出 `ApiError`。
+ */
+
+import type { ApiErrorBody } from "./types";
+
+const TOKEN_KEY = "cac.token";
+
+/** 携带后端错误码与 HTTP 状态的错误对象，便于 UI 精细处理。 */
+export class ApiError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly status: number,
+    public readonly body: ApiErrorBody,
+  ) {
+    super(body.message ?? `请求失败（HTTP ${status}）`);
+    this.name = "ApiError";
+  }
+}
+
+/** 从 localStorage 读取访问令牌（仅浏览器环境）。 */
+export function getToken(): string | null {
+  if (typeof window === "undefined") return null;
+  return window.localStorage.getItem(TOKEN_KEY);
+}
+
+/** 写入访问令牌。 */
+export function setToken(token: string): void {
+  if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
+  window.localStorage.setItem(TOKEN_KEY, token);
+}
+
+/** 清除访问令牌。 */
+export function clearToken(): void {
+  if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
+  window.localStorage.removeItem(TOKEN_KEY);
+}
+
+interface RequestOptions {
+  method?: string;
+  body?: unknown;
+  /** 查询参数；值为 undefined / null / '' 时跳过。 */
+  query?: Record<string, string | number | undefined | null>;
+  /** 是否需要鉴权（默认 true）。 */
+  auth?: boolean;
+  /** 透传 fetch 选项（如 AbortSignal）。 */
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
+}
+
+function buildUrl(path: string, query?: RequestOptions["query"]): string {
+  if (!query) return path;
+  const params = new URLSearchParams();
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(query)) {
+    if (value === undefined || value === null || value === "") continue;
+    params.append(key, String(value));
+  }
+  const qs = params.toString();
+  return qs ? `${path}?${qs}` : path;
+}
+
+/** 发起一次 API 请求并返回解析后的 JSON（或 void）。 */
+export async function apiRequest<T>(
+  path: string,
+  options: RequestOptions = {},
+): Promise<T> {
+  const { method = "GET", body, query, auth = true, signal } = options;
+
+  const headers: Record<string, string> = {};
+  if (body !== undefined) headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json";
+  if (auth) {
+    const token = getToken();
+    if (token) headers["Authorization"] = `Bearer ${token}`;
+  }
+
+  const res = await fetch(buildUrl(path, query), {
+    method,
+    headers,
+    body: body !== undefined ? JSON.stringify(body) : undefined,
+    signal,
+  });
+
+  if (res.status === 204) {
+    return undefined as T;
+  }
+
+  const text = await res.text();
+  const data = text ? safeParse(text) : undefined;
+
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    const errBody: ApiErrorBody =
+      data && typeof data === "object" ? (data as ApiErrorBody) : { message: text };
+    throw new ApiError(res.status, errBody);
+  }
+
+  return data as T;
+}
+
+function safeParse(text: string): unknown {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(text);
+  } catch {
+    return text;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/src/lib/navigation.ts b/web/src/lib/navigation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb331f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/navigation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import {
+  Award,
+  BookOpen,
+  Bot,
+  BriefcaseMedical,
+  CalendarDays,
+  ClipboardCheck,
+  FlaskConical,
+  GraduationCap,
+  LayoutDashboard,
+  MessageCircleQuestion,
+  MessageSquareText,
+  type LucideIcon,
+  Pill,
+  Search,
+  ShieldCheck,
+  Sparkles,
+  Stethoscope,
+  Target,
+  Users,
+  Video,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+import { Role } from "@/lib/types";
+
+export interface NavItem {
+  href: string;
+  label: string;
+  icon: LucideIcon;
+  /** 卡片网格中的简介。 */
+  desc?: string;
+  /** 所属功能分组（用于仪表盘分区展示）。 */
+  group?: "core" | "practice" | "advance" | "insight";
+}
+
+/** 学生端导航。 */
+export const STUDENT_NAV: NavItem[] = [
+  { href: "/student", label: "学习中心", icon: LayoutDashboard },
+  {
+    href: "/student/learning-space",
+    label: "成长档案",
+    icon: BookOpen,
+    desc: "记录课程学分、见习轮转、科研产出等医学学习成果，沉淀成长轨迹。",
+    group: "core",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/profile",
+    label: "胜任力画像",
+    icon: Sparkles,
+    desc: "基于医学教育六维胜任力框架，量化能力水平并追溯数据来源。",
+    group: "insight",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/career",
+    label: "执业发展",
+    icon: Target,
+    desc: "设定临床医师、科研等执业方向，生成个性化发展规划。",
+    group: "insight",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/practice",
+    label: "医学题库",
+    icon: GraduationCap,
+    desc: "基于教学大纲生成练习题，在线作答并获得知识薄弱点分析。",
+    group: "practice",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/clinical",
+    label: "临床模拟",
+    icon: Stethoscope,
+    desc: "模拟问诊、查体、医患沟通等临床情景，获得多维度评估反馈。",
+    group: "practice",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/research",
+    label: "循证检索",
+    icon: Search,
+    desc: "按 PICO 框架生成检索式，检索 PubMed / 知网等数据库并生成引用。",
+    group: "core",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/collaboration",
+    label: "医学 AI 协作",
+    icon: Bot,
+    desc: "在 AI 辅助下完成临床与科研任务，评估人机协作胜任力。",
+    group: "practice",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/case-reasoning",
+    label: "病例推演",
+    icon: BriefcaseMedical,
+    desc: "渐进式披露病史、体征与检验结果，训练鉴别诊断与临床决策思维。",
+    group: "advance",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/medication",
+    label: "用药安全",
+    icon: Pill,
+    desc: "练习药物剂量计算、相互作用识别与处方审核，强化安全用药能力。",
+    group: "advance",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/knowledge",
+    label: "医学问答",
+    icon: MessageCircleQuestion,
+    desc: "向 AI 提问医学概念、机制与鉴别要点，获得带来源标注的专业解答。",
+    group: "advance",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/rotation",
+    label: "轮转见习",
+    icon: CalendarDays,
+    desc: "对接医院轮转安排，记录科室出勤、带教评价与轮转心得。",
+    group: "core",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/skill-video",
+    label: "技能视频",
+    icon: Video,
+    desc: "手术与操作技能视频学习，支持分段自评与关键点标记。",
+    group: "practice",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/exam-prep",
+    label: "执业医师备考",
+    icon: Award,
+    desc: "针对执业医师考试的专项题库与进度追踪，强化薄弱科目。",
+    group: "practice",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/student/academic",
+    label: "学术交流",
+    icon: Users,
+    desc: "文献汇报、病例讨论记录与导师反馈，沉淀学术交流轨迹。",
+    group: "core",
+  },
+];
+
+export interface NavGroup {
+  key: string;
+  label: string;
+  items: NavItem[];
+}
+
+export const STUDENT_NAV_GROUPS: NavGroup[] = [
+  { key: "core",     label: "学业沉淀",   items: STUDENT_NAV.filter((n) => n.group === "core") },
+  { key: "practice", label: "临床与训练", items: STUDENT_NAV.filter((n) => n.group === "practice") },
+  { key: "advance",  label: "专业精进",   items: STUDENT_NAV.filter((n) => n.group === "advance") },
+  { key: "insight",  label: "能力与发展", items: STUDENT_NAV.filter((n) => n.group === "insight") },
+];
+
+/** 导师端导航。 */
+export const MENTOR_NAV: NavItem[] = [
+  { href: "/mentor", label: "带教工作台", icon: LayoutDashboard },
+  {
+    href: "/mentor/review",
+    label: "题库审核",
+    icon: ClipboardCheck,
+    desc: "审核学生出题，把控医学题库质量，通过或退回并说明原因。",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/mentor/comments",
+    label: "教学点评",
+    icon: MessageSquareText,
+    desc: "对学生的学业成果进行教学性点评，指导临床与科研能力提升。",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/mentor/students",
+    label: "学生胜任力",
+    icon: Users,
+    desc: "查看带教学生的胜任力画像（合规脱敏授权）。",
+  },
+];
+
+/** 管理端导航。 */
+export const ADMIN_NAV: NavItem[] = [
+  { href: "/admin", label: "管理工作台", icon: LayoutDashboard },
+  {
+    href: "/admin/skills",
+    label: "AI 能力治理",
+    icon: FlaskConical,
+    desc: "管理平台 AI 技能定义、知识源配置与输出质量规则。",
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/admin/compliance",
+    label: "权限与合规",
+    icon: ShieldCheck,
+    desc: "管理三端角色权限，审计操作日志与越权拒绝事件。",
+  },
+];
+
+export const NAV_BY_ROLE: Record<Role, NavItem[]> = {
+  [Role.Student]: STUDENT_NAV,
+  [Role.Mentor]: MENTOR_NAV,
+  [Role.Administrator]: ADMIN_NAV,
+};
+
+export const ROLE_PORTAL_TITLE: Record<Role, string> = {
+  [Role.Student]: "医学生学习平台",
+  [Role.Mentor]: "临床带教平台",
+  [Role.Administrator]: "教务管理平台",
+};
diff --git a/web/src/lib/services.ts b/web/src/lib/services.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c00805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/services.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/**
+ * 按后端模块组织的前端 API 服务函数。
+ *
+ * 仅封装 URL / 方法 / 参数，鉴权与错误处理在 `api.ts` 中统一完成。
+ * 返回类型尽量贴合后端，未严格建模的复杂结构用 `unknown` / 宽松对象表示，UI 按需取用。
+ */
+
+import { apiRequest } from "./api";
+import type {
+  Achievement,
+  AchievementType,
+  CareerGoalAssociation,
+  Citation,
+  CollaborationAssessment,
+  CompetencyModel,
+  DevelopmentPlan,
+  DialogueReport,
+  Paginated,
+  PracticeReport,
+  SearchQuery,
+  SkillAuditLogEntry,
+  SkillDefinition,
+  StudentProfile,
+  StudentProfileView,
+  Summary,
+} from "./types";
+
+/* ----------------------------- 学习空间 ----------------------------- */
+
+export interface AddAchievementInput {
+  type: AchievementType;
+  title: string;
+  occurredAt: string; // ISO-8601
+  academicYear?: string;
+  semester?: string;
+  rotationDept?: string;
+}
+
+export const learningSpaceApi = {
+  addAchievement: (input: AddAchievementInput) =>
+    apiRequest<{ achievement: Achievement; mappedTags?: unknown[] }>(
+      "/api/learning-space/achievements",
+      { method: "POST", body: input },
+    ),
+
+  listAchievements: (params: {
+    type?: AchievementType;
+    academicYear?: string;
+    semester?: string;
+    rotationDept?: string;
+    page?: number;
+    pageSize?: number;
+  }) =>
+    apiRequest<Paginated<Achievement>>("/api/learning-space/achievements", {
+      query: params,
+    }),
+
+  markMilestone: (input: {
+    name: string;
+    reachedAt?: string;
+    achievementIds?: string[];
+  }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/learning-space/milestones", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: input,
+    }),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 画像引擎 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const profileApi = {
+  generate: () => apiRequest<StudentProfile>("/api/profile"),
+
+  traceability: (dimension: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>(
+      `/api/profile/dimensions/${encodeURIComponent(dimension)}/traceability`,
+    ),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 职业规划 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const careerApi = {
+  getGoal: () => apiRequest<CareerGoalAssociation | null>("/api/career/goal"),
+
+  setGoal: (input: { id?: string; title: string; description?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<CompetencyModel>("/api/career/goal", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: input,
+    }),
+
+  generatePlan: (goalId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<DevelopmentPlan>("/api/career/development-plan", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: { goalId },
+    }),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- 课程对练引擎 --------------------------- */
+
+export const practiceApi = {
+  generateQuestions: (courseId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/practice/courses/${courseId}/questions`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  listAvailableQuestions: (courseId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>(
+      `/api/practice/courses/${courseId}/available-questions`,
+    ),
+
+  startSession: (courseId: string, body: unknown = {}) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/practice/courses/${courseId}/sessions`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  submitAnswer: (sessionId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/practice/sessions/${sessionId}/answers`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  finishSession: (sessionId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<PracticeReport>(`/api/practice/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: {},
+    }),
+};
+
+/* ------------------------- 临床情景对话对练 ------------------------- */
+
+export const clinicalApi = {
+  start: (scenarioId: string, body: unknown = {}) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/scenarios/${scenarioId}/sessions`,
+      { method: "POST", body },
+    ),
+
+  sendTurn: (sessionId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${sessionId}/turns`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  finish: (sessionId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<DialogueReport>(
+      `/api/clinical-dialogue/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`,
+      { method: "POST", body: {} },
+    ),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- 研究资料查询 --------------------------- */
+
+export const researchApi = {
+  generateSearchQuery: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<{ query?: SearchQuery } & SearchQuery>(
+      "/api/research/search-queries",
+      { method: "POST", body },
+    ),
+
+  search: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/research/search", { method: "POST", body }),
+
+  summarize: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<Summary>("/api/research/summaries", { method: "POST", body }),
+
+  generateCitation: (body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<Citation[]>("/api/research/citations", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- AI 协同训练 --------------------------- */
+
+export const collaborationApi = {
+  listTasks: (params: Record<string, string | undefined> = {}) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/collaboration/tasks", { query: params }),
+
+  evaluateTask: (taskId: string, body: unknown) =>
+    apiRequest<CollaborationAssessment>(
+      `/api/collaboration/tasks/${taskId}/evaluations`,
+      { method: "POST", body },
+    ),
+
+  listComments: () => apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/collaboration/comments"),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 病例推演 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const caseReasoningApi = {
+  listCases: () =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/case-reasoning/cases"),
+
+  startSession: (caseId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/case-reasoning/cases/${caseId}/sessions`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: {},
+    }),
+
+  submitReasoning: (sessionId: string, body: { step: string; answer: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/case-reasoning/sessions/${sessionId}/steps`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  finishSession: (sessionId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/case-reasoning/sessions/${sessionId}/finish`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: {},
+    }),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 用药安全 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const medicationApi = {
+  generateScenario: (body: { category?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/medication-safety/scenarios", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  submitAnswer: (scenarioId: string, body: { answer: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/medication-safety/scenarios/${scenarioId}/answers`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  listHistory: () =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/medication-safety/history"),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 医学问答 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const knowledgeApi = {
+  ask: (body: { question: string; context?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/medical-knowledge/ask", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  listHistory: () =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/medical-knowledge/history"),
+};
+
+/* ------------------------------ 导师端 ------------------------------ */
+
+export const mentorApi = {
+  reviewQuestion: (
+    questionId: string,
+    body: { decision: string; reason?: string },
+  ) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/mentor/questions/${questionId}/review`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  addComment: (achievementId: string, comment: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/mentor/achievements/${achievementId}/comments`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: { comment },
+    }),
+
+  listComments: (achievementId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>(`/api/mentor/achievements/${achievementId}/comments`),
+
+  listStudents: () => apiRequest<string[]>("/api/mentor/students"),
+
+  viewStudentProfile: (studentId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<StudentProfileView>(`/api/mentor/students/${studentId}/profile`),
+};
+
+/* ------------------------------ 管理端 ------------------------------ */
+
+export interface SkillDefinitionInput {
+  id?: string;
+  name: string;
+  inputSpec: unknown;
+  processingLogic: unknown;
+  knowledgeSources: unknown;
+  outputFormat: unknown;
+  credibilityRule: unknown;
+  enabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+export const adminSkillsApi = {
+  list: () => apiRequest<SkillDefinition[]>("/api/admin/skills"),
+
+  get: (skillId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<SkillDefinition | null>(`/api/admin/skills/${skillId}`),
+
+  auditLogs: () =>
+    apiRequest<SkillAuditLogEntry[]>("/api/admin/skills/audit-logs"),
+
+  upsert: (body: SkillDefinitionInput) =>
+    apiRequest<SkillDefinition>("/api/admin/skills", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  enable: (skillId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<SkillDefinition>(`/api/admin/skills/${skillId}/enable`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: {},
+    }),
+};
+
+export const adminComplianceApi = {
+  permissionScopes: () =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/admin/compliance/permission-scopes"),
+
+  auditLogs: (actorId?: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/admin/compliance/audit-logs", {
+      query: { actorId },
+    }),
+
+  denialEvents: (actorId?: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/admin/compliance/denial-events", {
+      query: { actorId },
+    }),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 轮转见习 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const rotationApi = {
+  addRecord: (body: {
+    department: string;
+    startDate: string;
+    endDate: string;
+    supervisor?: string;
+    notes?: string;
+  }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/rotation/records", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  listRecords: () => apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/rotation/records"),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 技能视频 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const skillVideoApi = {
+  search: (params: { query?: string; category?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/skill-videos", { query: params }),
+};
+
+/* --------------------------- 执业医师备考 --------------------------- */
+
+export const examPrepApi = {
+  generateQuestion: (params: { subject?: string; mode?: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/exam-prep/questions/generate", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: params,
+    }),
+
+  submitAnswer: (questionId: string, body: { answer: string }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/exam-prep/questions/${questionId}/answer`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  getStats: () => apiRequest<unknown>("/api/exam-prep/stats"),
+
+  listHistory: () => apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/exam-prep/history"),
+
+  deleteHistory: (recordId: string) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>(`/api/exam-prep/history/${recordId}`, { method: "DELETE" }),
+
+  deleteAllHistory: () =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/exam-prep/history", { method: "DELETE" }),
+};
+
+/* ----------------------------- 学术交流 ----------------------------- */
+
+export const academicApi = {
+  addRecord: (body: {
+    type?: string;
+    title: string;
+    content: string;
+    mentorFeedback?: string;
+  }) =>
+    apiRequest<unknown>("/api/academic/records", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body,
+    }),
+
+  listRecords: () => apiRequest<unknown[]>("/api/academic/records"),
+};
diff --git a/web/src/lib/types.ts b/web/src/lib/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..232f73f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/**
+ * 与后端领域类型对齐的前端类型定义。
+ *
+ * 仅声明前端实际消费的字段；后端返回的对象可能含更多字段，按需扩展即可。
+ * 枚举值与后端字符串字面量保持一致（如 Role 的 'student' / 'mentor' / 'administrator'）。
+ */
+
+/** 全系统规范角色（与后端 compliance.Role 对齐）。 */
+export enum Role {
+  Student = "student",
+  Mentor = "mentor",
+  Administrator = "administrator",
+}
+
+/** 角色中文展示名。 */
+export const ROLE_LABELS: Record<Role, string> = {
+  [Role.Student]: "学生",
+  [Role.Mentor]: "导师",
+  [Role.Administrator]: "管理员",
+};
+
+/** 认证身份（与后端 AuthenticatedUser 对齐）。 */
+export interface AuthenticatedUser {
+  id: string;
+  username: string;
+  role: Role;
+}
+
+/** 登录/注册结果（与后端 AuthResult 对齐）。 */
+export interface AuthResult {
+  accessToken: string;
+  expiresIn: number;
+  user: AuthenticatedUser;
+}
+
+/** 后端统一错误响应体（AppError.toJSON()）。 */
+export interface ApiErrorBody {
+  kind?: string;
+  code?: string;
+  message?: string;
+  details?: unknown;
+}
+
+/** 学习成果类型（与后端 AchievementType 对齐，共 9 种）。 */
+export enum AchievementType {
+  CourseRecord = "course_record",
+  Assignment = "assignment",
+  LabReport = "lab_report",
+  ClinicalClerkship = "clinical_clerkship",
+  OsceAssessment = "osce_assessment",
+  LiteratureReading = "literature_reading",
+  ResearchOutput = "research_output",
+  Certificate = "certificate",
+  LicensingExamPrep = "licensing_exam_prep",
+}
+
+export const ACHIEVEMENT_TYPE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  course_record: "课程记录",
+  assignment: "作业",
+  lab_report: "实验报告",
+  clinical_clerkship: "临床见习/实习",
+  osce_assessment: "OSCE 技能考核",
+  literature_reading: "文献阅读",
+  research_output: "科研成果",
+  certificate: "证书",
+  licensing_exam_prep: "执业资格备考",
+};
+
+/** 分页结果（与后端 Paginated<T> 对齐）。 */
+export interface Paginated<T> {
+  items: T[];
+  total: number;
+  page: number;
+  pageSize: number;
+}
+
+/** 学习成果。 */
+export interface Achievement {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  type: AchievementType;
+  title: string;
+  occurredAt: string;
+  academicYear?: string;
+  semester?: string;
+  rotationDept?: string;
+  attachments?: { id: string; name: string; url: string }[];
+}
+
+/** 画像维度分值（与后端画像引擎对齐）。score 为数字或字符串 'insufficient_data'。 */
+export interface ProfileDimensionScore {
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName?: string;
+  score: number | string | null;
+  sensitive?: boolean;
+  sensitiveCategory?: string;
+}
+
+/** 学生六维画像。 */
+export interface StudentProfile {
+  studentId: string;
+  dimensions: ProfileDimensionScore[];
+  generatedAt?: string;
+}
+
+/** 维度中文展示名（覆盖常见维度键，未覆盖的回退为原值）。 */
+export const DIMENSION_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  knowledge: "知识掌握",
+  clinical: "临床能力",
+  research: "科研能力",
+  collaboration: "协同能力",
+  practice: "实践能力",
+  professionalism: "职业素养",
+};
+
+/* ===================== 各模块结构化返回类型（与后端对齐） ===================== */
+
+/** 可信度标注来源。 */
+export interface SourceRef {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  citation?: string;
+}
+
+/** 可信度标注（AI 输出统一封装）。 */
+export interface CredibilityAnnotation {
+  sources: SourceRef[];
+  confidence: number;
+  verified: boolean;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 职业规划：发展规划 ---------- */
+export interface SuggestedAction {
+  description: string;
+  targetLevel: number;
+}
+export interface RecommendedResource {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  type: string;
+  tagId: string;
+}
+export interface CompetencyGap {
+  tagId: string;
+  tagName: string;
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName: string;
+  currentLevel: number | string;
+  requiredLevel: number;
+  missingData: boolean;
+  suggestedActions: SuggestedAction[];
+  recommendedResources: RecommendedResource[];
+  resourceNote?: string;
+}
+export interface DevelopmentPlan {
+  studentId: string;
+  goalId: string;
+  goalTitle: string;
+  modelId: string;
+  gaps: CompetencyGap[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+/** 岗位胜任力模型（setCareerGoal 返回）。 */
+export interface CompetencyModel {
+  id: string;
+  goalId: string;
+  goalTitle: string;
+  framework: string;
+  dimensions: {
+    dimension: string;
+    dimensionName: string;
+    competencyTags: {
+      tagId: string;
+      tagName: string;
+      dimension: string;
+      requiredLevel: number;
+    }[];
+  }[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+export interface CareerGoalAssociation {
+  studentId: string;
+  goal: { id: string; title: string; description?: string };
+  model: CompetencyModel;
+  associatedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 课程对练：报告 ---------- */
+export interface WeakArea {
+  tagId: string;
+  tagName?: string;
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  correctCount: number;
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+export interface PracticeImprovementSuggestion {
+  content: string;
+  competencyTagIds: string[];
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+}
+export interface CompetencyTagBreakdown {
+  tagId: string;
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  correctCount: number;
+  correctnessRate: number;
+}
+export interface PracticeReport {
+  id: string;
+  sessionId: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  courseId: string;
+  totalQuestions: number;
+  correctCount: number;
+  incorrectCount: number;
+  accuracy: number;
+  totalTimeSeconds: number;
+  tagBreakdown: CompetencyTagBreakdown[];
+  weakAreas: WeakArea[];
+  suggestions: PracticeImprovementSuggestion[];
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+export interface AnswerResult {
+  sessionId: string;
+  questionId: string;
+  correct: boolean;
+  timedOut: boolean;
+  elapsedMs: number;
+  next?: { questionId: string; position: number; total: number };
+}
+
+/* ---------- 临床对话：三维报告 ---------- */
+export interface DialogueDimensionScore {
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName: string;
+  score: number;
+  competencyTagId?: string;
+  comment: string;
+}
+export interface DialogueReport {
+  id: string;
+  sessionId: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  scenarioId: string;
+  dimensions: DialogueDimensionScore[];
+  overallScore: number;
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  turnCount: number;
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 研究查询：检索式/总结/引用 ---------- */
+export interface SearchQuery {
+  id: string;
+  question: string;
+  pico: {
+    population?: string;
+    intervention?: string;
+    comparison?: string;
+    outcome?: string;
+  };
+  meshTerms: string[];
+  keywords: string[];
+  expression: string;
+  rationale?: string;
+}
+export interface SummaryConclusion {
+  id: string;
+  statement: string;
+  verified: boolean;
+  citations: SourceRef[];
+  unverifiedLabel?: string;
+}
+export interface GradedReference {
+  itemId: string;
+  title: string;
+  url: string;
+  source: string;
+  evidenceLevel: string;
+}
+export interface Summary {
+  id: string;
+  conclusions: SummaryConclusion[];
+  citationOutput: SummaryConclusion[];
+  gradedItems: GradedReference[];
+  notice: string;
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+export interface Citation {
+  itemId: string;
+  format: string;
+  text: string;
+  title: string;
+  authors: string[];
+  year: string;
+  url: string;
+  source: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 协同训练：评估结果 ---------- */
+export interface CollaborationDimensionScore {
+  dimension: string;
+  dimensionName: string;
+  score: number | string;
+  competencyTagId?: string;
+  comment: string;
+}
+export interface CollaborationAssessment {
+  id: string;
+  studentId: string;
+  taskId: string;
+  dimensions: CollaborationDimensionScore[];
+  overallScore: number | string;
+  requiresSourceVerification: boolean;
+  verificationPrompt?: string;
+  annotation: CredibilityAnnotation;
+  trustOutputId: string;
+  competencyMappingIds: string[];
+  generatedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 导师：学生画像视图（脱敏） ---------- */
+export interface ProfileFieldView {
+  key: string;
+  value: unknown;
+  sensitive: boolean;
+  category?: string;
+  redacted: boolean;
+}
+export interface StudentProfileView {
+  studentId: string;
+  viewerId: string;
+  purpose: string;
+  fullAccess: boolean;
+  authorized: boolean;
+  authorizedScope: string[];
+  fields: ProfileFieldView[];
+  redactedFieldKeys: string[];
+  notice?: string;
+  resolvedAt: string;
+}
+
+/* ---------- 管理端：技能定义 ---------- */
+export interface SkillDefinition {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  inputSpec?: unknown;
+  processingLogic?: unknown;
+  knowledgeSources?: unknown;
+  outputFormat?: unknown;
+  credibilityRule?: unknown;
+  enabled: boolean;
+}
+export interface SkillAuditLogEntry {
+  id?: string;
+  skillId?: string;
+  action?: string;
+  actorId?: string;
+  actorRole?: string;
+  timestamp?: string;
+  [k: string]: unknown;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/lib/utils.ts b/web/src/lib/utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f03c8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { clsx, type ClassValue } from "clsx";
+import { twMerge } from "tailwind-merge";
+
+/** 合并 className，配合 Tailwind 去重。 */
+export function cn(...inputs: ClassValue[]) {
+  return twMerge(clsx(inputs));
+}
+
+/** 友好地格式化日期（zh-CN）。 */
+export function formatDate(value?: string | number | Date | null): string {
+  if (!value) return "—";
+  const d = new Date(value);
+  if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return String(value);
+  return d.toLocaleDateString("zh-CN");
+}
+
+/** 友好地格式化日期时间（zh-CN）。 */
+export function formatDateTime(value?: string | number | Date | null): string {
+  if (!value) return "—";
+  const d = new Date(value);
+  if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return String(value);
+  return d.toLocaleString("zh-CN");
+}
diff --git a/web/src/stores/auth.ts b/web/src/stores/auth.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0182af2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/stores/auth.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { create } from "zustand";
+
+import { apiRequest, clearToken, getToken, setToken } from "@/lib/api";
+import { Role } from "@/lib/types";
+import type { AuthResult, AuthenticatedUser } from "@/lib/types";
+
+interface RegisterInput {
+  username: string;
+  password: string;
+  role: Role;
+  displayName: string;
+}
+
+interface AuthState {
+  user: AuthenticatedUser | null;
+  /** 初始会话还原是否进行中。 */
+  isLoading: boolean;
+  isAuthenticated: boolean;
+  _hasFetched: boolean;
+  /** 初次挂载：若本地有令牌则还原会话。 */
+  fetchUser: () => Promise<void>;
+  login: (username: string, password: string) => Promise<AuthenticatedUser>;
+  register: (input: RegisterInput) => Promise<AuthenticatedUser>;
+  logout: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAuthStore = create<AuthState>((set, get) => ({
+  user: null,
+  isLoading: true,
+  isAuthenticated: false,
+  _hasFetched: false,
+
+  fetchUser: async () => {
+    if (get()._hasFetched) return;
+    set({ _hasFetched: true });
+
+    const token = getToken();
+    if (!token) {
+      set({ user: null, isAuthenticated: false, isLoading: false });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const user = await apiRequest<AuthenticatedUser>("/api/auth/me");
+      set({ user, isAuthenticated: true, isLoading: false });
+    } catch {
+      clearToken();
+      set({ user: null, isAuthenticated: false, isLoading: false });
+    }
+  },
+
+  login: async (username, password) => {
+    const result = await apiRequest<AuthResult>("/api/auth/login", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: { username, password },
+      auth: false,
+    });
+    setToken(result.accessToken);
+    set({ user: result.user, isAuthenticated: true, isLoading: false });
+    return result.user;
+  },
+
+  register: async (input) => {
+    const result = await apiRequest<AuthResult>("/api/auth/register", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: input,
+      auth: false,
+    });
+    setToken(result.accessToken);
+    set({ user: result.user, isAuthenticated: true, isLoading: false });
+    return result.user;
+  },
+
+  logout: () => {
+    clearToken();
+    set({ user: null, isAuthenticated: false });
+  },
+}));
+
+/** 按角色返回默认首页。 */
+export function homeForRole(role: Role): string {
+  switch (role) {
+    case Role.Student:
+      return "/student";
+    case Role.Mentor:
+      return "/mentor";
+    case Role.Administrator:
+      return "/admin";
+    default:
+      return "/login";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/tsconfig.json b/web/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8cdcc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2017",
+    "lib": ["dom", "dom.iterable", "esnext"],
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "jsx": "preserve",
+    "incremental": true,
+    "plugins": [{ "name": "next" }],
+    "paths": {
+      "@/*": ["./src/*"]
+    }
+  },
+  "include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx", ".next/types/**/*.ts"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules"]
+}